Journal articles on the topic 'Three-phase Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)'
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1
Ye, Zhaohong, Yue Sun, Xiufang Liu, Peiyue Wang, Chunsen Tang, and Hailin Tian. "Power Transfer Efficiency Analysis for Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System Using Three-Phase-Shifted Drive." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082159.
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In order to implement the omnidirectional wireless power transfer (WPT), a novel three-phase-shifted drive omnidirectional WPT system is proposed. This system is comprised of three independent phase-adjusted excitation sources, three orthogonal transmitting coils, and one planar receiving coil. Based on the mutual coupling theory, the power transfer efficiency is derived and the corresponding control mechanism for maximizing this efficiency is presented. This control mechanism only depends on the currents’ root-mean-square (RMS) values of the three transmitting coils and simple calculations after each location and/or posture change of the receiving coil, which provides the real-time possibility to design an omnidirectional WPT system comparing with the other omnidirectional systems. In aid of computer emulation technique, the efficiency characteristic versus the omnidirectional location and posture of the receiving coil is analyzed, and the analytical results verify the validity of the control mechanism. Lastly, a hardware prototype has been set up, and its omnidirectional power transmission capacity has been successfully verified. The experimental results show that the wireless power is omnidirectional and it can be effectively transmitted to a load even though its receiving coil moves and/or rotates in a 3-D energy region.
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Xia, Chenyang, Yuling Liu, Kezhang Lin, and Guangqing Xie. "Model and Frequency Control for Three-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3853146.
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In order to the eliminate the “dead spot” in the traditional three-phase wireless power transfer (WPT) system, a three-phase WPT system with an asymmetric magnetic circuit is presented in this paper. Additionally, mathematical model of the system is established and the system parameters are optimized. Based on the fact that the resonant frequency and efficiency are greatly varied with the load, a method based on impedance conversion is further proposed to improve the frequency stability and system efficiency. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is reliable and feasible to eliminate the “dead spot.”
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Cheng, Hesheng, and Huakun Zhang. "Investigation of Improved Methods in Power Transfer Efficiency for Radiating Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2136923.
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A metamaterial-inspired efficient electrically small antenna is proposed, firstly. And then several improving power transfer efficiency (PTE) methods for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems composed of the proposed antenna in the radiating near-field region are investigated. Method one is using a proposed antenna as a power retriever. This WPT system consisted of three proposed antennas: a transmitter, a receiver, and a retriever. The system is fed by only one power source. At a fixed distance from receiver to transmitter, the distance between the transmitter and the retriever is turned to maximize power transfer from the transmitter to the receiver. Method two is using two proposed antennas as transmitters and one antenna as receiver. The receiver is placed between the two transmitters. In this system, two power sources are used to feed the two transmitters, respectively. By adjusting the phase difference between the two feeding sources, the maximum PTE can be obtained at the optimal phase difference. Using the same configuration as method two, method three, where the maximum PTE can be increased by regulating the voltage (or power) ratio of the two feeding sources, is proposed. In addition, we combine the proposed methods to construct another two schemes, which improve the PTE at different extent than classical WPT system.
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Hussin, Nur Hazwani. "Encryption Techniques and Wireless Power Transfer Schemes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp183-190.
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<p>Wireless power transfer (WPT) is one of the most useful ways to transfer power. Based on power transfer distances, the WPT system can be divided into three categories, namely, near, medium, and far fields. Inductive coupling and capacitive coupling contactless techniques are used in the near-field WPT. Magnetic resonant coupling technique is used in the medium-field WPT. Electromagnetic radiation is used in the far-field WPT. This paper reviews the techniques used in WPT. In addition, energy encryption plays a major role in ensuring that power is transferred to the true receiver. Therefore, this paper reviews the energy encryption techniques in WPT. A comparison between different techniques shows that the distance, efficiency, and number of receivers are the main factors in selecting the suitable energy encryption technique.</p>
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Wu, Chia-Hsuan, Ching-Ming Lai, Tomokazu Mishima, and Zheng-Bo Liang. "Simulation-Assisted Design Process of a 22 kW Wireless Power Transfer System Using Three-Phase Coil Coupling for EVs." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 12257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112257.
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The objective of this paper is to study a 22 kW high-power wireless power transfer (WPT) system for battery charging in electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed WPT system consists of a three-phase half-bridge LC–LC (i.e., primary LC/secondary LC) resonant power converter and a three-phase sandwich wound coil set (transmitter, Tx; receiver, Rx). To transfer power effectively with a 250 mm air gap, the WPT system uses three-phase, sandwich-wound Tx/Rx coils to minimize the magnetic flux leakage effect and increase the power transfer efficiency (PTE). Furthermore, the relationship of the coupling coefficient between the Tx/Rx coils is complicated, as the coupling coefficient is not only dominated by the coupling strength of the primary and secondary sides but also relates to the primary or secondary three-phase magnetic coupling effects. In order to analyze the proposed three-phase WPT system, a detailed equivalent circuit model is derived for a better understanding. To give a design reference, a novel coil design method that can achieve high conversion efficiency for a high-power WPT system was developed based on a simulation-assisted design procedure. A pair of magnetically coupled Tx and Rx coils and the circuit parameters of the three-phase half-bridge LC–LC resonant converter for a 22 kW WPT system are adjusted through PSIM and CST STUDIO SUITE™ simulation to execute the derivation of the design formulas. Finally, the system achieved a PTE of 93.47% at an 85 kHz operating frequency with a 170 mm air gap between the coils. The results verify the feasibility of a simulation-assisted design in which the developed coils can comply with a high-power and high-efficiency WPT system in addition to a size reduction.
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Liu, Xin, Nan Jin, Xijun Yang, Khurram Hashmi, Dianguan Ma, and Houjun Tang. "A Novel Single-switch Phase Controlled Wireless Power Transfer System." Electronics 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110281.
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Battery charging is a fundamental application of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems that requires effective implementation of Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) power conduction modes. DC-DC converters used in WPT systems utilize large inductors and capacitors that increase the size and volume of the system in addition to causing higher DC losses. This work proposes a novel single-switch active rectifier for phase controlled WPT systems that is smaller in volume and weight as compared to conventional WPT topologies. The proposed method simplifies the control scheme using improved Digital Phase Control (DPC) and Analog Phase Control (APC) to realize the CC and CV power transfer modes. Furthermore, it prevents forward voltage losses in Silicon Carbide (SiC) switches and shoot through states with improved switching patterns. Simulation studies and experimental results are added to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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Baharom, Rahimi. "Soft Switching of Three-Phase AC to DC CIHRC with Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Function." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp965-971.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents the verification of soft switching condition for three-phase AC to DC current injection hybrid resonant converter (CIHRC) with wireless power transfer (WPT) function. Details on the operation of current injection technique with the lossless zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition on shaping the high power factor of supply current waveforms are presented. With a suitable high switching frequency operation, the proposed resonant converter is capable to operate with ZVS conditions, thus, allowing reduction in the size of inductive and magnetic components. Selected results are also presented to verify the lossless ZVS condition for three-phase AC-DC CIHRC with WPT function.</span>
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Liu, Xin, Nan Jin, Xijun Yang, Tianfeng Wang, Khurram Hashmi, and Houjun Tang. "A Novel Synchronization Technique for Wireless Power Transfer Systems." Electronics 7, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110319.
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Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with active receivers have been proposed for conduction loss reduction, bidirectional power transfer and efficiency improvement. However, the synchronization of WPT systems is complex in nature with the selection of high operating frequencies. Without proper synchronization, power oscillations appear and the system can become unstable. In this paper, a detailed analysis of different WPT systems is presented and the essence of the synchronization technique is derived as being composed of two functions: independent frequency locking and reference phase calibration. The voltage across the receiver-side compensation capacitor is divided and utilized for frequency locking, whereas the reference phase calibration is realized through software code. The proposed method is effective and easy to implement, with a lower overall cost due to its simplicity. The technique can work effectively at high frequency and withstand large variations of operating frequency, load and mutual inductance. In addition, it can address the synchronization problem of multiple active receiver WPT systems with and without cross coupling among the receiving coils. Theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the proposed technique.
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Wu, Maopeng, Lijuan Su, Jianxun Chen, Xiaoli Duan, Donghua Wu, Yan Cheng, and Yu Jiang. "Development and Prospect of Wireless Power Transfer Technology Used to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152297.
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Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been widely used in the military and civil fields. However, the battery power is a key factor that restricts the operation range of the UAV. Using wireless power transfer (WPT) technology to power UAVs can improve the endurance of UAVs and enhance their maneuverability and flexibility. In this paper, the WPT technology is divided into three types: near-field WPT technology, far-field WPT technology and solar-powered UAV. The developments, challenges and prospects of these three types of WPT technologies used to power UAVs are summarized. For each type of WPT technology, the basic working principles are first introduced. The development of each type of WPT technology, as well as the challenges and application prospects in UAV charging, is introduced. The related works consist of academic and industry research, ranging from prototypes to commercial systems. Finally, three types of WPT technology used in UAV charging are compared and discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of WPT technology are shown. The related research showed that using WPT technology to power the UAV is a promising way to enhance the endurance of the UAV.
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Zhu, Jiaming, Guopeng Zhang, Zongwei Zhu, and Kun Yang. "Joint Time Switching and Transmission Scheduling for Wireless-Powered Body Area Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9620153.
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Outfitting humans with on-body/in-body sensor nodes, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are positioned as the key technology to enhance future telehealth service. The newly emerged wireless power transfer (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH) technology provides a potential of continuous power supply for WBANs. Since the radio frequency (RF) signals can carry energy as well as information at the same time, the time switching between the WPT phase and the wireless information transfer (WIT) phase should be carefully scheduled. By considering a telehealth application scenario (in which multiple patients coexist in a ward and each of them is monitored by multiple sensor nodes), this paper proposes to allocate the duty cycles for the WPT and WIT phases and schedule the transmission time for the WIT links in a joint manner. First, a frame structure for simultaneous information and power transfer (SWIPT) is designed over the time-and-spectrum domain. With the aim to satisfy the minimum rate demands of all the sensor nodes, the optimal duty time for the WPT phase and the optimal transmission time for the WIT links are jointly found by using the convex optimization technique. Finally, a fast algorithm is developed to search the optimal solution by introducing an admission control. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the broadcasting property of RF energy radiation. If the network load were controlled below a certain level, the rate demands of all the sensor nodes in the network can be satisfied.
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Zheng, Yunfei, Zhijian Hu, Zhongyu Dai, Chao Pei, Chuan Yang, Haikuo Zhou, Haoyue Qu, and Lingjun Yang. "Passive Wireless Measurement System Based on Wireless Power Transfer Technology." Electronics 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8091048.
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This paper presents a passive wireless measurement system based on wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. It does not require separate information and power transmission circuits. The data receiver only needs to send a short signal to the data collector through WPT, and then the information of the measured environment can be obtained by analyzing the feedback signal from the data collector. Three concepts are included in this system, namely (1) the constant oscillation period of oscillation attenuation waveforms; (2) the characteristics of inductive coupling WPT; and (3) the relationship between sensitive resistances and environmental parameters. It is very suitable for measuring the parameters in an internal or closed space. The data collector is small in size and simple in structure, and no power is needed. It has stable performance after implantation and can be used permanently. Results obtained from simulations and experiments are included. They verify the measurement process and measurement results meet the requirements of passive wireless measurement, and the measurement error is less than 1.5%.
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Nur Hazwani Hussin, Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan, Azuwa Ali, Norhidayu Rameli, Nur Hazirah Zaini, and Shahnurriman Abdul Rahman. "Comparison Techniques for Optimization Switching Frequency In Energy Encryption Of Wireless Power Transfer System." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 26, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.26.2.2428.
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This paper reviews the techniques for optimization switching frequency used in Wireless power transfer (WPT). WPT is one of the most useful ways to transfer power. Based on distances power transfer, the WPT system can be divided into three categories, namely, near, medium, and far fields. Inductive coupling and capacitive coupling contactless techniques are used in the near-field WPT. Magnetic resonant coupling technique is used in the medium-field WPT. Electromagnetic radiation is used in the far-field WPT. From the comparison in this paper, a model and design algorithm to optimize switching frequency for energy encryption of medium field wireless power transfer system are purposed. The maximum value of the performance are suitable to compute the optimal circuit parameter by algorithm itself.
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Liu, Xin, Tianfeng Wang, Nan Jin, Salman Habib, Muhammad Ali, Xijun Yang, and Houjun Tang. "Analysis and Elimination of Dead-Time Effect in Wireless Power Transfer System." Energies 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11061577.
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Dead time between the complementary driving signals is needed to avoid short circuit in voltage source inverters (VSIs), however, this raises issues such as voltage distortion and harmonic generation. In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the ratio of dead time versus operating period becomes more problematic due to the high frequency, where the dead time can cause serious concerns regarding the phase errors and control performance deterioration. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the dead-time effect for WPT systems based on a series–series (SS) topology. Firstly, it is found that voltage distortion appears in two regions in comparison with the three in one active bridge WPT system, and seven regions, as compared to the eight in dual active bridge (DAB) WPT system. Afterwards, a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) method is proposed, where the driving signals of the same phase leg are no longer complementary to each other. By employing the proposed method, the dead-time effect can be addressed up to a certain extent, and the desired voltage can be obtained in all the regions. In addition, the proposed method is not influenced by the system parameters, and can be easily applied to other high-frequency resonant converters. Simulated and experimental results are added to verify the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed control scheme.
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Pham, Thanh Son, Xuan Khuyen Bui, Son Tung Bui, Thi Hong Hiep Le, and Dinh Lam Vu. "A critical review on wireless power transfer systems using metamaterials." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 60, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 587–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16954.
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Recently, wireless power transfer (WPT) has been a topic of interest due to its attractive applications in modern life. Starting from Tesla’s idea about a century ago, WPT has developed tremendously and appeared in many of the most modern electronic devices. However, some WPT systems still have limitations such as short transmission distance, low transfer efficiency, and electromagnetic leakage. Magnetic metamaterial (MM) is a potential candidate that can overcome the above disadvantages of WPT. This paper is intended to present an overview of recent advances and research progress on WPT systems. Three classes of WPT consisting of short-range, mid-range, and long-range, will be analyzed in detail both in terms of fundamentals and applications. Especially, MM configurations can be used to enhance the near-field WPT efficiency and reduce the leakage of electromagnetic field will also be evaluated. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism and applications as well as the future development of metamaterial-based WPT systems.
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Colussi, Jacopo, Alessandro La Ganga, Roberto Re, Paolo Guglielmi, and Eric Armando. "100 kW Three-Phase Wireless Charger for EV: Experimental Validation Adopting Opposition Method." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082113.
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This paper presents the experimental validation, using the opposition method, of a high-power three-phase Wireless-Power-Transfer (WPT) system for automotive applications. The system under test consists of three coils with circular sector shape overlapped to minimize the mutual cross-coupling, a three-phase inverter at primary side and a three-phase rectifier at receiver side. In fact thanks to the delta configuration used to connect the coils of the electromagnetic structure, a three-phase Silicon Carbide (SiC) inverter is driving the transmitter side. The resonance tank capacitors are placed outside of the delta configuration reducing in this way their voltage sizing. This WPT system is used as a 100 kW–85 kHz ultrafast battery charger for light delivery vehicle directly supplied by the power grid of tramways. The adopted test-bench for the WPT charger consists of adding circulating boost converter to the system under test to perform the opposition method technique. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure together with the validation of fully exploited simulation analysis. This is demonstrated by transferring 100 kW with more than 94% DC-to-DC efficiency over 50 mm air gap in aligned conditions. Furthermore, testing of Zero-Current and Zero-Voltage commutations are performed to test the performance of SiC technology employed.
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Obais, Abdulkareem Mokif, and Ali Faeq Ruzij. "Design and implementation of an efficient WPT system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp711-725.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technique introduced to transfer power wirelessly. Generally, WPT systems are characterized by low efficiency and low output power. Since WPT process depends mainly on mutual coupling between transmitting and receiving coils in addition to load requirements, it is focused in this work toward enhancing the mutual coupling and conditioning the receiving circuit so as to optimally satisfy the load demand. The mutual coupling between transmitting and receiving nodes is enhanced via inserting three resonating circuits along with energy transmission path and conditioning the receiving circuit such that it accomplishes delivering maximum power to the load node. In this work, an adaptive efficient WPT system is introduced. This system is carried out on PSpice and validated experimentally. Both simulative and experimental WPT systems have accomplished significant enhancement in efficiency. The proposed WPT system has three resonators and three parallel connected identical receiving coils located at 6.61m from the power transmitter. The efficiency enhancement approaches thousands of times the efficiency of a conventional WPT system having similar power transmitter located at the same distance from the receiving circuit, which has a single coil identical to those in the proposed efficient WPT system.
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Zeng, Chao, Zhiwei Guo, Kejia Zhu, Caifu Fan, Guo Li, Jun Jiang, Yunhui Li, et al. "Efficient and stable wireless power transfer based on the non-Hermitian physics." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 010307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac3815.
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As one of the most attractive non-radiative power transfer mechanisms without cables, efficient magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) in the near field has been extensively developed in recent years, and promoted a variety of practical applications, such as mobile phones, medical implant devices and electric vehicles. However, the physical mechanism behind some key limitations of the resonance WPT, such as frequency splitting and size-dependent efficiency, is not very clear under the widely used circuit model. Here, we review the recently developed efficient and stable resonance WPT based on non-Hermitian physics, which starts from a completely different avenue (utilizing loss and gain) to introduce novel functionalities to the resonance WPT. From the perspective of non-Hermitian photonics, the coherent and incoherent effects compete and coexist in the WPT system, and the weak stable of energy transfer mainly comes from the broken phase associated with the phase transition of parity–time symmetry. Based on this basic physical framework, some optimization schemes are proposed, including using nonlinear effect, using bound states in the continuum, or resorting to the system with high-order parity-time symmetry. Moreover, the combination of non-Hermitian physics and topological photonics in multi-coil system also provides a versatile platform for long-range robust WPT with topological protection. Therefore, the non-Hermitian physics can not only exactly predict the main results of current WPT systems, but also provide new ways to solve the difficulties of previous designs.
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Zhang, Yiming, Zhiwei Shen, Yuanchao Wu, Hui Wang, and Wenbin Pan. "Dual-Side Phase-Shift Control for Strongly Coupled Series–Series Compensated Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13010006.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles is an emerging technology and a future trend. To increase power density, the coupling coefficient of coils can be designed to be large, forming a strongly coupled WPT system, different from the conventional loosely coupled WPT system. In this way, the power density and efficiency of the WPT system can be improved. This paper investigates the dual-side phase-shift control of the strongly coupled series–series compensated WPT systems. The mathematical models based on the conventional first harmonic approximation and differential equations for the dual-side phase-shift control are built and compared. The dual-side phase-shift angle and its impact on the power transfer direction and soft switching are investigated. It is found that synchronous rectification at strong couplings can lead to hard switching because the dual-side phase shift in this case is over 90°. In comparison, a relatively high efficiency and soft switching can be realized when the dual-side phase shift is below 90°. The experimental results have validated the analysis.
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Saat, S., O. Z. Guat, F. K. Abdul Rahman, A. A. Isa, and A. M. Darsono. "Development of Wireless Power Transfer using Capacitive Method for Mouse Charging Application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp460-471.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a non-contact power transfer within a distance. With the advantage of not-contact concept, WPT enhances the flexibility movement of the devices. Basically, there are three types of the WPT which are inductive power transfer (IPT), Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) and Acoustic Power Transfer (APT). Among these, capacitive power transfer (CPT) has the advantages of confining electric field between coupled plates, metal penetration ability and also the simplicity in circuit topologies. Therefore, we focus on the capacitive method in this paper. To be specific, this paper aims to develop a wireless mouse charging system using capacitive based method. This method enables wireless power transmission from mouse pad to a wireless mouse. Hence, no battery requires to power up the mouse. In this paper, a high efficiency Class-E converter is described in details to convert the DC source to AC and the compensation circuit of resonant tank is also proposed at the transmitter side in order to improve the efficiency. In the end, a prototype is developed to prove the developed method. The performances analysis of the developed prototype is discussed and the future recommendation of this technique is also presented.
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Liu, Suqi, and Jianping Tan. "Dynamic impedance compensation for WPT using a compensator in a three-coil wireless power transfer system." Circuit World 44, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-04-2018-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the wireless power transfer (WPT) system that always achieves the maximum output power at a fixed angular frequency using the dynamic impedance compensation and also the maximum transfer efficiency. Design/methodology/approach An efficient topology of the WPT system is proposed which states that the functions of the relay are transformed into the functions of the compensator in the three-coil WPT system. Findings Increasing the ratio of the frequency detuning factor of the compensator relative to the frequency detuning factor of the compensator also causes the curves of the normalized output power and the transfer efficiency to move toward the high frequency direction. Practical implications The scheme of the dynamic compensation for the WPT using a compensator is convenient to obtain the dynamic impedance compensation by adding or removing the capacitances or inductances from the compensator. Originality/value The functions of the relay are transformed into the functions of the compensator in the three-coil WPT system.
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Eidaks, Janis, Anna Litvinenko, Arturs Aboltins, and Dmitrijs Pikulins. "Waveform Impact on Wireless Power Transfer Efficiency using Low-Power Harvesting Devices." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2019-0013.
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AbstractThe paper addresses the impact of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and spectrum of the waveform, as well as load resistance on the performance of low-power harvesting device in a real-life wireless power transfer (WPT) scenario. In the current study, a combination of the classic voltage doubler circuit for RFDC conversion and premanufactured device for DC-DC conversion is used. For the investigation of conversion efficiency and harvesting device performance, three types of waveforms are used: single tone, multicarrier signals with low PAPR and multicarrier signal with high PAPR. In order to generate high-PAPR signal, subcarriers with the same amplitude and phase are summed, whereas for generation of low PAPR signal the phases of the subcarriers are chosen pseudo-randomly. Over-the-air transmission in 865 MHz ISM band is made using directional antennas and all multicarrier waveforms have equal 5 MHz bandwidth. To evaluate the performance of harvesting device and conversion efficiency, the average voltages at the input and output of the RF-DC converter as well as at the output of the DC-DC converter with corresponding input and load impedance are measured. The experiments have shown that the employed multicarrier signals can greatly improve the performance of harvesting device during WPT under certain conditions, which are discussed in the paper.
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Woo, Seongho, Yujun Shin, Changmin Lee, Jaewon Rhee, Jangyong Ahn, Jungick Moon, Seokhyeon Son, Sanguk Lee, Hongseok Kim, and Seungyoung Ahn. "Minimizing Leakage Magnetic Field of Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Phase Difference Control." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 8202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218202.
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In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the leakage magnetic field from wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with series–series compensation topology by adjusting the phase difference between the transmitter (TX) coil current and the receiver (RX) coil current without additional shielding coils or materials. A WPT system employing the proposed method adjusts the phase difference between the TX coil current and RX coil current by tuning a resonant capacitor of the RX coil. The conditions for minimizing the leakage magnetic field are derived, and the range of the resonant capacitor of RX, considering power transfer efficiency and the leakage magnetic field, is proposed. Through simulations and experiments, it is verified that the proposed method can reduce the leakage magnetic field level without any additional materials. For that reason, the proposed method can be suitable for size-limited, weight-limited or cost-limited WPT systems.
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Huda, S. M. Asiful, Muhammad Yeasir Arafat, and Sangman Moh. "Wireless Power Transfer in Wirelessly Powered Sensor Networks: A Review of Recent Progress." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082952.
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With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), billions of wireless devices, including sensors and wearable devices, are evolving under the IoT technology. The limited battery life of the sensor nodes remains a crucial implementation challenge to enable such a revolution, primarily because traditional battery replacement requires enormous human effort. Wirelessly powered sensor networks (WPSNs), which would eliminate the need for regular battery replacement and improve the overall lifetime of sensor nodes, are the most promising solution to efficiently address the limited battery life of the sensor nodes. In this study, an in-depth survey is conducted on the wireless power transfer (WPT) techniques through which sensor devices can harvest energy to avoid frequent node failures. Following a general overview of WPSNs, three wireless power transfer models are demonstrated, and their respective enabling techniques are discussed in light of the existing literature. Moreover, the existing WPT techniques are comprehensively reviewed in terms of critical design parameters and performance factors. Subsequently, crucial key performance-enhancing techniques for WPT in WPSNs are discussed. Finally, several challenges and future directions are presented for motivating further research on WPSNs.
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Lee, Sol-Bee, Sam Nguyen-Xuan, Jung-Hyok Kwon, and Eui-Jik Kim. "Multiple Concurrent Slotframe Scheduling for Wireless Power Transfer-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124520.
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This paper presents a multiple concurrent slotframe scheduling (MCSS) protocol for wireless power transfer (WPT)-enabled wireless sensor networks. The MCSS supports a cluster-tree network topology composed of heterogeneous devices, including hybrid access points (HAPs) serving as power transmitting units and sensor nodes serving as power receiving units as well as various types of traffic, such as power, data, and control messages (CMs). To this end, MCSS defines three types of time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) concurrent slotframes: the CM slotframe, HAP slotframe, and WPT slotframe. These slotframes are used for CM traffic, inter-cluster traffic, and intra-cluster traffic, respectively. In MCSS, the length of each TSCH concurrent slotframe is set to be mutually prime to minimize the overlap between cells allocated in the slotframes, and its transmission priority is determined according to the characteristics of transmitted traffic. In addition, MCSS determines the WPT slotframe length, considering the minimum number of power and data cells required for energy harvesting and data transmission of sensor nodes and the number of overprovisioned cells needed to compensate for overlap between cells. The simulation results demonstrated that MCSS outperforms the legacy TSCH medium access control protocol and TSCH multiple slotframe scheduling (TMSS) for the average end-to-end delay, aggregate throughput, and average harvested energy.
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Wang, Songcen, Xiaokang Wu, Ying Yang, Cong Zhu, Zhen Wu, and Chenyang Xia. "Hybrid modeling and control of ICPT system with synchronous three-phase triple-parallel Buck converter." Wireless Power Transfer 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2019.17.
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AbstractAiming at the influence of coupling coefficient variation on the output voltage of a high-power LCC-S topology inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) system, a synchronous three-phase triple-parallel Buck converter is used as the voltage adjustment unit. The control method for the three-phase current sharing of synchronous three-phase triple-parallel Buck converter and the constant voltage output ICPT system under the coupling coefficient variation is studied. Firstly, the hybrid model consisting of the circuit averaging model of the three-phase triple-parallel Buck converter and the generalized state-space average model for the LCC-S type ICPT system is established. Then, the control methods for three-phase current sharing of the synchronous three-phase triple-parallel Buck converter and constant voltage output of ICPT system are studied to achieve the multi-objective integrated control of the system. Finally, a 3.3 kW wireless charging system platform is built, the experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control method, and demonstrated the stability of the ICPT system.
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Kumar, Abhay, Manuele Bertoluzzo, Rupesh Kumar Jha, and Amritansh Sagar. "Analysis of Losses in Two Different Control Approaches for S-S Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041795.
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This paper presents the study and detailed analysis of converter losses at different stages together with the series-series (S-S) compensating coils in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, via two distinct approaches to control the power converters. The two approaches towards wireless DC–DC power flow control are termed as the Single Active High-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer (SAHFWPT) system and the Dual Active High-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer (DAHFWPT) system. The operation of converters in SAHFWPT and DAHFWPT are controlled by the extended phase shift (EPS) and dual phase shift method respectively. The general schematic of the SAHFWPT system consists of an active bridge and a passive bridge, while the schematic of the DAHFWPT system consists of both active bridges. The efficiency evolutions of ideal SAHFWPT and DAHFWPT are far away from the real ones. Moreover, this article analyzes the operation and losses of the uni-directional power flow of the WPT system, i.e., from the DC bus in the primary side to the battery load in the secondary side. The loss estimation includes high-frequency switching losses, conduction losses, hard turn on and turn off coil losses, etc. Moreover, the efficiency of the WPT system depends on operation of the converter. A 50 W–3600 W Power range system at a resonant frequency of 85 kHz is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULATION to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
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Zhu, Qi, Hua Han, Mei Su, and Aiguo Patrick Hu. "A 3D wireless charging cube with externally enhanced magnetic field for extended range of wireless power transfer." Wireless Power Transfer 6, no. 1 (March 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2019.4.
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More mobile devices such as mobile phones and robots are wirelessly charged for convenience, simplicity, and safety, and it would be desirable to achieve three-dimensional (3D) wireless charging with high spatial freedom and long range. This paper proposes a 3D wireless charging cube with three orthogonal coils and supporting magnetic cores to enhance the magnetic flux outside the cube. The proposed system is simulated by Ansoft Maxwell and implemented by a downsized prototype. Both simulation and experimental results show that the magnetic cores can strengthen the magnitude of B-field outside the cube. The final prototype demonstrates that the power transfer distance outside the cube for getting the same induced electromotive force in the receiver coil is extended approximately by 50 mm using magnetic cores with a permeability of 2800. It is found that the magnitude of B-field outside the cube can be increased by increasing the width and the permeability of the magnetic cores. The measured results show that when the permeability of the magnetic cores is fixed, the induced electromotive force in the receiver coil at a point 300 mm away from the center of the cube is increased by about 2V when the width of the magnetic cores is increased from 50 to 100 mm. The increase in the induced electromotive force at an extended point implies a greater potential of wireless power transfer capability to the power pickup.
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Huang, Yuxuan, Jian Zhao, Wenyu Sun, Huazhong Yang, and Yongpan Liu. "Investigation and Modeling of Multi-Node Body Channel Wireless Power Transfer." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010156.
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Insufficient power supply is a huge challenge for wireless body area network (WBAN). Body channel wireless power transfer (BC-WPT) is promising to realize multi-node high-efficiency power transmission for miniaturized WBAN nodes. However, the behavior of BC-WPT, especially in the multi-node scenario, is still lacking in research. In this paper, the inter-degeneration mechanism of a multi-node BC-WPT is investigated based on the intuitive analysis of the existing circuit model. Co-simulation in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and Cadence platform and experiments in a general indoor environment verify this mechanism. Three key factors, including the distance between the source and the harvester, frequency of the source, and area of the ground electrodes, are taken into consideration, resulting in 15 representative cases for simulation and experiments studies. Based on the simulation parameters, an empirical circuit model to accurately predict the received power of multiple harvesters is established, which fits well with the measurement results, and can further provide guidelines for designs and research on multi-node BC-WPT systems.
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Nafiaa, Reem Emad, and Aws Zuheer Yonis. "Magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transfer for green technologies." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp289-295.
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Wireless <span>power transfer (WPT) is a technology that is considered the focus of scientists' attention for its development and creation to be compatible with many devices that are used today and also consider one of the green technology apps which means any technology can reduce the effect of people on the environment which is today grow continuously. In this paper, a wireless power transfer for a mobile charger had been discussed to get a maximum power and efficiency power transfer. WPT is considered as a reliable technology, efficient, fast, not using wires, and can be used for short and long-range. There are three methods for WPT, electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance coupling, and radio waves which are classified by the distance that sends the power. Magnetic resonance coupling is the method that has been focused on in this paper because of compatibility with short or medium distances as battery chargers which depend on the magnetic field to transfer power without wires that can protect devices from damages and heating. As result the effect of distance on efficiency has been discussed with reached to nearer distance can improve efficiency however by using magnetic resonance technique, acceptable efficiency can be obtained with appropriate distance.</span>
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Zamani, Muhammad Qusyairi Iqbal Mohd, Rahimi Baharom, and Dalina Johari. "Conceptual study on Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer using single-phase matrix converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1382-1388.
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<span>This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.</span>
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Wang, Quandi, Yingcong Wang, Jianwei Kang, and Wanlu Li. "Parameter identification of wireless power transfer with a movable receiver." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 1580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2016-0518.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a monitoring method for a three-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system, which consists of a transmitting coil (Tx), a relay coil and a movable receiving coil (Rx). Both an ideal resistance and a rectifier bridge load are taken into account. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of fundamental component, the equivalent impedance of a rectifier bridge load is well analyzed. On the basis of the circuit model of a three-coil WPT, estimation equations of the variable mutual inductances and load condition are deduced. Multi-frequency input impedance obtained by frequency scans combined with the Newton-Raphson method are used to obtain solutions. Findings Experimental results indicate that the estimated parameter values are close to each other when different sets of source frequencies are applied. When compared with simulation results, these estimated parameters including both mutual inductances and load resistances are found to be accurate. Originality/value Using only the information of input side, the proposed algorithm can estimate the mutual inductances and load resistance regardless of the Rx positions. Estimation is feasible for the system with a rectifier bridge load. The estimated analysis will serve as a key step in load power stabilization for WPT systems.
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Lee, Hyeon-Seok, and Jae-Jung Yun. "Three-Port Converter for Integrating Energy Storage and Wireless Power Transfer Systems in Future Residential Applications." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010272.
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This paper presents a highly efficient three-port converter to integrate energy storage (ES) and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The proposed converter consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter and an AC-DC converter with a resonant capacitor. By sharing an inductor and four switches in the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the bidirectional DC-DC converter operates as a DC-DC converter for ES systems and simultaneously as a DC-AC converter for WPT systems. Here, four switches are turned on under the zero voltage switching conditions. The AC-DC converter for WPT system achieves high voltage gain by using a resonance between the resonant capacitor and the leakage inductance of a receiving coil. A 100-W prototype was built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the converter; it had a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 95.9% for the battery load and of 93.8% for the wireless charging load.
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Abdullahi, Qassim S., Rahil Joshi, Symon K. Podilchak, Sadeque R. Khan, Meixuan Chen, Jean Rooney, John Rooney, et al. "Design of a wireless power transfer system for assisted living applications." Wireless Power Transfer 6, no. 1 (March 2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2019.2.
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Advances in material science and semiconductor technology have enabled a variety of inventions to be implemented in electronic systems and devices used in the medical, telecommunications, and consumer electronics sectors. In this paper, a wireless charging system is described as a wearable body heater that uses a chair as a transmitter (Tx). This system incorporates the widely accepted Qi wireless charging standard. Alignment conditions of a linear three-element coil arrangement and a 3 × 3 coil matrix array are investigated using voltage induced in a coil as a performance indicator. The efficiency obtained is demonstrated to be up to 80% for a voltage of over 6.5 Volts and a power transfer of over 5 Watts. Our results and proposed approach can be useful for many applications. This is because the wireless charging system described herein can help design seating areas for the elderly and disabled, commercial systems, consumer electronics, medical devices, electronic textiles (e-textiles), and other electronic systems and devices.
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Athira, Puteri, Tze-Zhang Ang, and Mohamed Salem. "Resonant Inductive Coupling for Wireless Power Transmission." International Journal of Energy and Power Systems 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54616/ijeps/20220301.
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Wireless power transmission (WPT) is the method that transferring electrical energy from power source to electrical without any physical contact and it can be used to transfer power to electricity dependent systems or devices. In WPT, electromagnetic energy is produced to transmit the energy from power source (transmitter) to the load (receiver) via resonant inductive coupling. This article focuses on the design of a resonant inductive coupling using parallel-T topology in coupling WTR and combined of single transmitter with multiple receivers. In addition, principle of magnetic wave between the transmitter and receiver with related parameters is utilized to develop in WPT. A parallel-T topology that consists of T-matching network for secondary side is proposed as it is more suitable for weak coupling wireless power transfer applications. Besides that, three circuits are designed to show the resonant inductive coupling for WTP which including the circuit with and without matching network and the circuit of single transmitter with multiple receivers. The simulation of output voltage and output current are observed to relate the effects of frequency on the circuit. The graph of output voltage and power are plotted to show the pattern on effect of the frequencies to the resonant inductive coupling circuit.
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Kim, Kyungtae, Han-Joon Kim, Dong-Wook Seo, and Ji-Woong Choi. "Analysis on Influences of Intra-Couplings in a MISO Magnetic Beamforming Wireless Power Transfer System." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165184.
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Magnetic beamforming techniques can enhance the power transfer efficiency using focused magnetic fields by the multiple transmitters to the receivers. However, the intra-couplings that cause power leakage and phase distortion among the arrayed coils inevitably occur due to the deployment of coils having strong couplings between each other. Here, we analyze the adverse influences of intra-couplings and present the advantages of magnetically independent transmitters for multiple-inputs and single-output (MISO) WPT. The independent coil array can achieve focused magnetic fields by simply adjusting the amplitude of the transmitter voltage source without phase adjustment. The system also can eliminate the reactive power with the independent coil array to efficiently use the supplying power from the source. The analytical studies are verified by numerical and circuit simulation and experiments. Our analysis can be generalized to the MISO-WPT with an arbitrary number of transmitters. It can provide insight into designing and implementing the MISO-WPT applying magnetic beamforming.
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Chien, Wei, Chien-Ching Chiu, Yu-Ting Cheng, Wei-Lin Fang, and Eng Hock Lim. "Multi-Objective Function for SWIPT System by SADDE." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093124.
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Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) optimization with multiple objective function optimization is presented in the millimeter band in this paper. Three different objective functions that are used for harvest power (HP), capacity, and bit error rate (BER) were studied. There are three different nodes in real environment for wireless power transfer (WPT) and SWIPT. The channel estimation calculated by shooting and bouncing ray/image techniques includes multi-path, fading effect, and path-loss in the real environment. We applied beamforming techniques at the transmitter to focus the transmitter energy in order to reduce the multi-path effect and adjust the length of the feed line on each array element in order to find the extremum of the objective functions by the self-adaptive dynamic differential evolution (SADDE) method. Numerical results showed that SWIPT node cannot achieve good performance by single objective function, but wireless power transfer (WPT) can. Nevertheless, both WPT and SWIPT nodes can meet the criteria by the multiple objective function. The harvesting power ratio as well as the BER and capacity can be improved by the multiple objective function to an acceptable level by only reducing a little harvesting energy compared to the best harvesting energy for the single objective function. Finally, the multiple optimization function cannot merely provide good information quality for SWIPT node but achieve good total harvesting power for WPT and SWIPT node as well.
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Ha-Van, Nam, Hoang Le-Huu, Minh Thuy Le, Kwangsuk Park, and Chulhun Seo. "Free-Positioning Wireless Power Transfer Using a 3D Transmitting Coil for Portable Devices." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.4.270.
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The free-positioning wireless power transfer (WPT) system has drawn attention in recent years. Traditionally, a WPT system can transfer energy in one or two directions on the same plane, but it leads the restrictions of angle and axis misalignment between a transmitter and a receiver coil. In this paper, we propose a free-positioning WPT system using a three-dimensional cubic-shaped transmitting coil for portable device charging. A small receiving coil is placed inside the transmitter to achieve the transferred energy through the magnetic resonant coupling. In addition, the equivalent circuit and the mutual inductance between the Tx and Rx coils are analyzed. Finally, a practical experiment is implemented to verify the transfer performance, which can reach up to about 50% power transfer efficiency. The proposed system can charge in spatial freedom.
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Chiu, Chien-Ching, Wei Chien, Po-Hsiang Chen, Yu-Ting Cheng, Hao Jiang, and En-Lin Chen. "Optimization for an Indoor 6G Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer System." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061268.
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Antenna beamforming for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in an indoor 6G communication system is presented in this paper. The objective function is to maximize the total harvesting power for the SWIPT and WPT nodes with the constraints of the bit error rate and minimum harvesting power. In the study, the power-splitting ratio between harvesting power and decoding information can be adjusted for the SWIPT node. Due to the non-convex problem, we use Self-Adaptive Dynamic Differential Evolution (SADDE) to optimize the designed multi-objective function. We use a symmetric antenna array to study three situations of distance—closer, farther, and similar—between the transmitting antenna and the individual SWIPT and WPT nodes in this paper. Experimental results show that the overall harvesting efficiency is improved, especially in the case of SWIPT nodes closer to the transmitter. The total harvesting power can be improved by 86.7% in the total short-distance case, and by 7.87% in the total long-distance case.
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Monti, Giuseppina, Maria V. De Paolis, Laura Corchia, Apostolos Georgiadis, and Luciano Tarricone. "Efficiency optimization of a three-coil resonant energy link." Wireless Power Transfer 6, no. 2 (September 2019): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2019.14.
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AbstractThis paper presents an effective and time saving procedure for designing a three-coil resonant inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) link. The proposed approach aims at optimizing the power transfer efficiency of the link for given constraints imposed by the specific application of interest. The WPT link is described as a two-port network with equivalent lumped elements analytically expressed as function of the geometrical parameters. This allows obtaining a closed-form expression of the efficiency that can be maximized by acting on the geometrical parameters of the link by using a general purpose optimization algorithm. The proposed design procedure allows rapidly finding the desired optimal solution while minimizing the computational efforts. Referring to the case of an application constraining the dimensions of the receiver, analytical data are validated through full-wave simulations and measurements.
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Allama, Oussama, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Sheroz Khan, Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh, and F. M. Suliman. "Modelling and Control Design of a Non-Collaborative UAV Wireless Charging System." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 7897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207897.
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This study proposes an analytical model of a WPT system with three orthogonal transmitter coils organised to produce a concentrated and controlled omnidirectional magnetic field suited for charging a moving, rotating load, providing maximal energy transfer without receiving end feedback. In order to create a realistic 3D WPT simulation system and a precise controller design, the mutual coupling values in terms of the receiver angular positions are modelled using the Ansys software. In using the established model of the 3DWPT system, an extremum seeking control (ESC) is used to maximize the power transfer utilizing the input power as an objective function assigned with specified parametric values defining the WPT model. The output power transmitted by the sending-end coils to a load of a moving UAV rotating in orbit is displayed. According to simulation results, when the receiver UAV speed is close to 2250 deg/s, the controller can accomplish a maximum power transfer of 2.6w in almost 1ms.
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Lee, Choi, Kim, and Kang. "Wireless Battery Charging Circuit Using Load Estimation Without Wireless Communication." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234489.
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A wireless battery charging circuit is proposed, along with a new load estimation method. The proposed estimation method can predict the load resistance, mutual inductance, output voltage, and output current without any wireless communication between the transmitter and receiver sides. Unlike other estimation methods that sense the high-frequency AC voltage and current of the transmitter coil, the proposed method only requires the DC output value of the peak current detection circuit at the transmitter coil. The proposed wireless power transfer (WPT) circuit uses the estimated parameters, and accurately controls the output current and voltage by adjusting the switching phase difference of the transmitter side. The WPT prototype circuit using a new load estimation method was tested under various coil alignment and load conditions. Finally, the circuit was operated in a constant current and constant voltage modes to charge a 48-V battery pack. These results show that the proposed WPT circuit that uses the new load estimation method is well suited for charging a battery pack.
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Xun, Jian-Hui, Yajie Mu, Kunyi Zhang, Haixia Liu, and Long Li. "The Efficiency Improvement of Multiple Receivers in Wireless Power Transmission by Integrating Metasurfaces." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 6943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196943.
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In this paper, we propose the use of metasurfaces to enhance evanescent wave coupling to improve the wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency of multiple receivers. A 4 × 4 negative permeability metasurface is designed and placed between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils for the greatest improvement in transfer efficiency. Through the analysis of the number and position topologies of Rx coils, the efficiency can be greatly improved; the maximum efficiency at longer transmission distances is achieved through the 4 × 4 negative permeability metasurface in the multiple−receiver system. We show with simulation and measurement results that the power transfer efficiency of the system can be improved significantly by integrating metasurfaces. The maximum transfer efficiency is achieved in a multiple−receiver WPT system when the number and topology of Rx coils is case 0 of single transmitter−three receivers (STTR). The results show that the total efficiency of the multiple receivers WPT system can be as high as 97%.
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Lee, Woosol, and Yong-Kyu Yoon. "High-Efficiency Wireless-Power-Transfer System Using Fully Rollable Tx/Rx Coils and Metasurface Screen." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041972.
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This work presents a high-efficiency reconfigurable wireless-power-transfer (WPT) system using fully rollable Tx/Rx coils and a metasurface (MS) screen working at 6.78 MHz, for the first time. The MS screens are placed between the Tx and Rx to magnify the power-transfer efficiency (PTE) of the WPT system. The proposed MS-based WPT can be rolled down or rolled up as required, which allows end-users to use the space more flexibly. In the measurement results, the PTE of the WPT is improved from 13.32% to 32.49% at a power-transfer distance (PTD) of 40 cm with one MS screen, 5.42% to 42.25% at a PTD of 50 cm with two MS screens, 1.78% to 49% at a PTD of 60 cm with three MS screens, 0.85% to 46.24% at a PTD of 70 cm with four MS screens. The measured PTE results indicate that the demonstrated MS screens are greatly effective for magnifying the PTE and the PTD of the WPT. In addition, the measured PTE results in the misaligned condition verify that the MS screens also help increase the PTE of the WPT even in the misalignment condition.
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Mu, Jun, and Zhaojie Sun. "Trajectory Design for Multi-UAV-Aided Wireless Power Transfer toward Future Wireless Systems." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 6859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186859.
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In this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted wireless power transfer (WPT) system, in which a set of UAV-mounted mobile energy transmitters (ETs) are dispatched to broadcast wireless energy to an energy receiver (ER) on the ground. In particular, we aim to maximize the amount of energy transferred to the ER during a finite UAV’s flight period, subject to the UAV’s maximum speed and collision avoidance constraints. First, the basic one/two-UAV scenarios are researched in detail, which show that UAVs should hover at fixed locations during the whole charging period. Specifically, the Lagrange multiplier method is employed to solve the proposed optimization problem for the case of two UAV situation. Specifically, the general conclusions based on the theoretical analysis of one/two-UAV scenarios are drawn contribute to deducing the trajectory design of UAVs when the number of UAVs increases from three to seven. The obtained trajectory solution implies that UAVs should be evenly distributed on the circumference with point (0,0,H) as the center and UAVs’ safe distance as the radius. Finally, numerical results are provided to validate the trajectory design algorithm for the multiple UAVs-enabled single-user WPT system.
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Rahmani, Fatemeh, Payam Niknejad, Tanushree Agarwal, and Mohammadreza Barzegaran. "Gallium Nitride Inverter Design with Compatible Snubber Circuits for Implementing Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries." Machines 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8030056.
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High-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides superior compatibility in the alignment with various WPT standards. However, high-efficiency and compact single-phase power switching systems with ideal snubber circuits are required for maximum power transfer capability. This research aims to develop an inverter using Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors, optimized RCD (resistor/capacitor/diode) snubber circuits, and gate drivers, each benefitting WPT technology by reducing the switching and conduction loss in charging electric vehicle batteries. A full-bridge GaN inverter was simulated and instituted as part of the wireless charging circuit design. The RCD circuits were adjusted by transferring maximum power from the power supply to the transmitter inductor. For verification of the simulated output, lab-scale experiments were implemented for two half-bridges controlled by gate drivers with corresponding snubber circuits. After authenticating the output results, the GaN inverter was tested with an input range of 30 V to deduce the success of charging electric vehicle batteries within an efficient time frame. The developed inverter, at 80 kHz frequency, was applied in place of a ready-to-use evaluation board, fully reducing less harmonic distortion and greatly increasing WPT system efficiency (~93%). In turn, the designed GaN inverter boasts considerable energy savings, resulting in a more cost-effective solution for manufacturers.
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Liu, Wei, Chao Hu, and Lijuan Xiang. "A Multimodal Modulation Scheme for Electric Vehicles’ Wireless Power Transfer Systems, Based on Secondary Impedance." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193055.
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This study aimed to investigate a multimodal modulation scheme that takes into account the wide range of output characteristics, numerous constraints, and complex working conditions in the wireless charging of electric vehicles. Key electrical parameters and variables in the secondary stages of electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EV-WPT) systems were evaluated based on capacitive, inductive, and resistive impedance working modes. The limiting duty cycle values, D, of the rectifier were derived by detecting the mutual inductance, M. This multimodal modulation was adopted, based on the secondary equivalent impedance phase, to control the impedance working condition and, hence, achieve optimal working performance. The proposed method can modulate the system performance before and during wireless transmission. The proposed control scheme was verified using a 10 kW EV-WPT experimental prototype under a capacitive impedance working mode with 8.5 kW power output. Our proposed method achieved full power output by modulating the impedance working conditions.
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Colussi, Jacopo, Roberto Re, and Paolo Guglielmi. "Modelling and Design of a Coils Structure for 100 kW Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer System." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 5079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145079.
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This paper presents the modeling, the design and verification of a three-phase coil structure for high-power Wireless-Power-Transfer (WPT) in automotive applications. The system, a Three-Polar-Pad (TPP), with complex mechanical geometry, is analytically modeled with an equivalent simplified structure. Thanks to this simplification, a numerical design is performed to minimize cross-coupling effects among different phases of the same side (receiver or transmitter) maximizing the linkage flux receiver-to-transmitter and then the power transferred. The analytical model is then verified in a Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA) environment. A final design, comprehensive of the shielding, is proposed matching the preliminary design constraints. Hence, the preliminary model is verified by testing a prototype using a three-phase Silicon Carbide (SiC) inverter at the transmitter side. The capability of the system is demonstrated by transferring 100 kW with more than 94% DC-to-DC efficiency over a 50 mm air gap in perfectly aligned conditions.
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Lee, Sangyong, Jeonho Lee, Jongkyum Kwon, and Se-Kyo Chung. "An Improved Estimation Method of Mutual Inductance Angle for a Two-Dimensional Wireless Power Transfer System." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030448.
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The improvement of power transmission efficiency (PTE) is an important issue in the design of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The WPT system with multiple transmitting (Tx) or receiving (Rx) coils is a way to improve the PTE. This paper deals with the estimation of the mutual inductance angle for a two-dimensional (2D) WPT system with two Tx coils and one Rx coil. The mutual inductance angle is one of the most important parameters to determine the PTE in the 2D WPT system. The condition for the maximum PTE is investigated and the mutual inductance angle is defined for the 2D WPT system. An improved estimation method of the mutual inductance angle is proposed based on the phase-locked loop (PLL) technique using the voltages and currents of the Tx coils. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Krasnok, Alex. "Coherently Driven and Superdirective Antennas." Electronics 8, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080845.
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Antennas are crucial elements for wireless technologies, communications and power transfer across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves, including radio, microwaves, THz and optics. In this paper, we review our recent achievements in two promising areas: coherently enhanced wireless power transfer (WPT) and superdirective dielectric antennas. We show that the concept of coherently enhanced WPT allows improvement of the antenna receiving efficiency by coherent excitation of the outcoupling waveguide with a backward propagating guided mode with a specific amplitude and phase. Antennas with the superdirectivity effect can increase the WPT system’s performance in another way, through tailoring of radiation diagram via engineering antenna multipoles excitation and interference of their radiation. We demonstrate a way to achieve the superdirectivity effect via higher-order multipoles excitation in a subwavelength high-index spherical dielectric resonator supporting electric and magnetic Mie multipoles. Thus, both types of antenna discussed here possess a coherent nature and can be used in modern intelligent antenna systems.
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Mahmood, Mustafa F., Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Saleem Latteef Mohammed, Ali Al-Naji, and Javaan Chahl. "Design of Powering Wireless Medical Sensor Based on Spiral-Spider Coils." Designs 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5040059.
Full textAbstract:
Biomedical sensors help patients monitor their health conditions and receive assistance anywhere and at any time. However, the limited battery capacity of medical devices limits their functionality. One advantageous method to tackle this limited-capacity issue is to employ the wireless power transfer (WPT) technique. In this paper, a WPT technique using a magnetic resonance coupling (MRC-WPT)-based wireless heart rate (WHR) monitoring system—which continuously records the heart rate of patients—has been designed, and its efficiency is confirmed through real-time implementation. The MRC-WPT involves three main units: the transmitter, receiver, and observing units. In this research, a new design of spiral-spider coil was designed and implemented for transmitter and receiver units, respectively, to supply the measurement unit, which includes a heart rate sensor, microcontroller, and wireless protocol (nRF24L01) with the operating voltage. The experimental results found that an adequate voltage of 5 V was achieved by the power component to operate the measurement unit at a 20 cm air gap between the receiver and transmitter coils. Further, the measurement accuracy of the WHR was 99.65% comparative to the benchmark (BM) instrument. Moreover, the measurements of the WHR were validated based on statistical analyses. The results of this study are superior to those of leading works in terms of measurement accuracy, power transfer, and Transfer efficiency.