Academic literature on the topic 'Three Pagodas Fault Zone'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Three Pagodas Fault Zone.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Three Pagodas Fault Zone"
1
MATSUI, MASAFUMI, SOMSAK PANHA, WICHASE KHONSUE, and NORIHIRO KURAISHI. "Two new species of the “kuhlii” complex of the genus Limnonectes from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae)." Zootaxa 2615, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2615.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Phylogenetic relationships inferred from sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, tRNA val , and 16S rRNA genes and nuclear POMC and RAG-1 genes revealed that fanged frogs from Thailand usually associated with Limnonectes kuhlii are monophyletic and are collectively sister to the clade containing three Chinese and Japanese species. Within the Thai clade, the northern lineage, the southern lineage, and a population originally assigned to L. megastomias show unresolved relationships with each other, but are separated by genetic distances that correspond to values found among species of the Chinese-Japanese clade. Hybridization and past gene introgression are not detected among these three lineages of fanged frogs from Thailand. Adult specimens of the northern and southern lineages are phenotypically similar to each other, but can be separated by the combination of several morphometric characters. From the genetic and morphological evidence, they are considered to represent taxonomically different species. We therefore describe the northern lineage as L. taylori sp. nov. and the southern lineage as L. jarujini sp. nov. Taxonomic identity of the Loei population of L. megastomias requires future morphological investigation. The distribution pattern of fanged frogs within Thailand is discussed and the significance of the Three Pagodas Fault Zone is noted.
2
Kanjanapayont, Pitsanupong, Peekamon Ponmanee, Bernhard Grasemann, Urs Klötzli, and Prayath Nantasin. "Quantitative finite strain analysis of the quartz mylonites within the Three Pagodas shear zone, western Thailand." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 111, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2018.0011.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe NW–trending Three Pagodas shear zone exposes a high–grade metamorphic complex named Thabsila gneiss in the Kanchanaburi region, western Thailand. The quartz mylonites within this strike–slip zone were selected for strain analysis. 2–dimensional strain analysis indicates that the averaged strain ratio (Rs) for the lower greenschist facies increment of XZ– plane is Rs = 1.60–1.97 by using the Fry’s method. Kinematic vorticity analysis of the quartz mylonites in the shear zone showed that the mean kinematic vorticity number of this increment is Wk = 0.75–0.99 with an average at 0.90 ±0.07. The results implied that the quartz mylonites within the Three Pagodas shear zone have a dominant simple shear component of about 72% with a small pure shear component. A sinistral shear sense is indicated by kinematic indicators from macro– to micro–scale. We conclude that the Three Pagodas shear zone deformed in the process of sinstral shear–dominated transpression, which is similar to the Mae Ping shear zone in the north.
3
Qodri, Muhammad Fatih, Lindung Zalbuin Mase, and Suched Likitlersuang. "Non-Linear Site Response Analysis of Bangkok Subsoils Due to Earthquakes Triggered by Three Pagodas Fault." Engineering Journal 25, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.1.43.
Full text
4
Li, Yuan Jun. "An Earthquake Fault Zone Discovered in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2207.
Full textAbstract:
The Maluxiang – Changduhe at Badong County is a newly discovered seismic active fault zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the occurrence of fault is EW / N ∠60 °-70 °. The fault appears as a deeply linear valley on the topography and the fault breccia bandwidth is up to 200m. The fault is densely distributed with many springs and covered by luxuriant forests. The new site of Badong County is set up on the top of fault zone, and exists a lot of active landslides. The tested data of the absolute age of the landslides slip zone soil indicates that the landslide is active since the late Pleistocene. The Three Gorges Reservoir has continued seismic activity since 2003, and the fault zone suffers the greatest damage which is the most direct evidence as an indication of fault activity. Therefore, research on the fault zone is very important and significant for immigrant settlement in the Three Gorges reservoir.
5
Snyder, David B., Brian J. Roberts, and Steven P. Gordey. "Contrasting seismic characteristics of three major faults in northwestern Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-027.
Full textAbstract:
The Lithoprobe Slave Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) profiles crossed three major tectonic zones of the northwestern Canadian Shield and northern Canadian Cordillera that are diverse in age and in depth of penetration. The oldest (26302590 Ma), the Yellowknife River fault zone, formed as a strike-slip fault in a tensional strain regime. Reflector attenuation or truncations align vertically beneath the fault trace through much of the crust, implying a near-vertical fault plane. The youngest (6010 Ma), the Tintina fault zone, produced cumulative dextral strike-slip displacements of 425 km, perhaps 800 km. Tomographic velocity and ray-trace models of reflection data indicate that several fault splays form a tectonic zone 30 km wide at the surface, but truncations of deeper crustal reflections suggest that the zone thins in the mid-crust and widens near the Moho. This apparent variable width versus depth of the Tintina fault is atypical of major strike-slip faults worldwide. The Teslin fault was an active terrane boundary during accretion of terranes onto North America. Observed reflection geometries indicate that the juxtapositions of highly contrasting metamorphic grades across the Teslin fault are confined to the upper crust along SNORCLE line 3, implying that the fault soles eastward into a mid-crustal detachment at the interpreted top of North American crust. The limited depth extent of the Teslin fault zone is similar to some models of the San Andreas fault and may result from their similar histories as convergent margin structures.
6
Wang, Jing, Yongwei Guo, Youwei Cui, Ke Sun, and Huili Chu. "Structural Formation, Evolution, and Genetic Mechanisms of Fault in Controlling Hydrocarbon Migration of Unconventional Rocks: A Case Study of Zhuangnan Fault." Geofluids 2022 (April 6, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1263893.
Full textAbstract:
Zhuangnan fault zone was affiliated with Gubei subsag of the Zhanhua sag in Jiyang Depression, Bohai gulf basin. Zhuangnan fault zone has two functions as the main east-west strike-slip accommodation structure. That is, on the one hand, Zhuangnan fault zone inherited the rules of development of regional tectonic. On the other hand, the present structure framework of Zhanhua sag was reconstructed by Zhuangnan fault zone. In the study, there are four main seismic reflectors: T0, T1, T2, and T6. They are the basis for researching the planar and vertical features of Zhuangnan fault zone. The structural formation, evolution, and genetic mechanisms of Zhuangnan fault zone are studied from three aspects of geometry, kinematics, and dynamics. In geometry, by the closure interpretation of 43 south-north interpretation sections and 24 east-west interpretation sections, the result indicates that Zhuangnan fault zone has its special regularity and characteristic which has three-piece planar characterization (eastern part, middle part, and western part). Three types of plane combination forms are determined: arched, linear, and “S” curved type. The plane combination structure styles of the Zhuangnan fault zone mainly include feather row, horsetail, grid, diagonal, and parallel style. These planar structural features play an important role in indicating the fault zoning of Zhuangnan fault zone. Based on the plane and section structural styles of Zhuangnan fault zone and the analysis of dynamic evolution, it is found that Zhuangnan fault zone has a succession relationship between deep and shallow fault systems. From tectonic evolution and regional dynamic point of view, this paper discusses the activity law of the Zhuangnan fault zone and the boundary faults on the east and west sides of Jiyang Depression, which are Changdi fault, Wuhaozhuang fault, and Chengnan fault, respectively. This study provides a new and more reasonable explanation for the unique structural characteristics of Zhuangnan fault zone and further confirms the important role and regulation mechanism of Zhuangnan fault zone.
7
Li, De Wu. "Study on the Vertical Rational Structure of Tunnel Lining in the Fault-Rupture Zone." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2870.
Full textAbstract:
Related to the actual project in the new Qi Daoliang tunnel between Lanzhou and Lintao highway, select 300-meter calculation range along the tunnel vertically including fault-rupture zone and effect fault-rupture zone, utilize 8 -node, 6-plane block element to scatter the calculating range, at the same time, use the deduced 8 -node, three dimensional jointed element to imitate the transformation gap of the tunnel lining, employ three-dimensional elasto-plastic static finite element program to analyze stress and transformation state of surrounding rock and lining in different construction stages of the new Qi Daoliang tunnel. Through the analysis and comparison of the calculation result of the three conditions: not placing transformation gap through, placing one transformation gap in the middle of the fault-rupture zone, placing two transformation gaps in the beginning and the end of the fault-rupture zone etc, we can get the following points: ①The gallery transformation in the fault-rupture zone and the plastic area in the surrounding rock are obviously bigger than the non-fault-rupture zone. ②Owing to the effect of fault-rupture zone, the increasing range of internal force of the initial support and twice lining is about 10% to 30%. ③Placing the transformation gap in the fault-rupture zone can obviously play a role in releasing lining internal force and transformation energy in the surrounding rock. ④In the start and end changing point of fault-rupture zone, the transformation gap should be placed in the tunnel lining.
8
Li, Y. G., and P. C. Leary. "Fault zone trapped seismic waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 1245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0800051245.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Two instances of fault zone trapped seismic waves have been observed. At an active normal fault in crystalline rock near Oroville in northern California, trapped waves were excited with a surface source and recorded at five near-fault borehole depths with an oriented three-component borehole seismic sonde. At Parkfield, California, a borehole seismometer at Middle Mountain recorded at least two instances of the fundamental and first higher mode seismic waves of the San Andreas fault zone. At Oroville recorded particle motions indicate the presence of both Love and Rayleigh normal modes. The Love-wave dispersion relation derived for an idealized wave guide with velocity structure determined by body-wave travel-time inversion yields seismograms of the fundamental mode that are consistent with the observed Love-wave amplitude and frequency. Applying a similar velocity model to the Parkfield observations, we obtain a good fit to the trapped wavefield amplitude, frequency, dispersion, and mode time separation for an asymmetric San Andreas fault zone structure—a high-velocity half-space to the southwest, a low-velocity fault zone, a transition zone containing the borehole seismometer, and an intermediate velocity half-space to the northeast. In the Parkfield borehole seismic data set, the locations (depth and offset normal to fault plane) of natural seismic events which do or do not excite trapped waves are roughly consistent with our model of the low velocity zone. We conclude that it is feasible to obtain near-surface borehole records of fault zone trapped waves. Because trapped modes are excited only by events close to the fault zone proper—thereby fixing these events in space relative to the fault—a wider investigation of possible trapped mode waveforms recorded by a borehole seismic network could lead to a much refined body-wave/tomographic velocity model of the fault and to a weighting of events as a function of offset from the fault plane. It is an open question whether near-surface sensors exist in a stable enough seismic environment to use trapped modes as an earth monitoring device.
9
Kongsukho, Sittiporn, and Pitsanupong Kanjanapayont. "Quartz c-axis fabric characterization of the strike-slip ductile deformation within the Three Pagodas shear zone, western Thailand." Heliyon 8, no. 12 (December 2022): e12038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12038.
Full text
10
Kang, Yongshui, Congcong Hou, Jingyi Liu, Zhi Geng, Jianben Chen, and Bin Liu. "Numerical Analyses on the Stability of a Deep Coalmine Roadway Passing through a Fault Zone: A Case Study of the Gugui Coalfield in China." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082114.
Full textAbstract:
Massive deformation often occurs when deep coalmine roadways pass through a fault zone due to the poor integrity of rock mass and high tectonic stress. To study deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock in the fault zone of a coalmine, a roadway passing through the FD1041 fault zone in China’s Gugui coalfield was investigated in this research. The geo-stress characteristics of this fault zone were analyzed based on the Mohr failure theory. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model for the experimental roadway in the FD1041 fault zone was built and calculated by a numerical program based on the distinct element method. Stability conditions of the roadway, using several types of support methods, were calculated and compared. Calculation results indicated that pre-grouting provides favorable conditions for the stability of a roadway in a fault zone. Finally, an optimized support strategy was proposed and implemented in the experimental roadway. Monitored results demonstrated that the optimized support strategy is appropriate for this fault zone.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three Pagodas Fault Zone"
1
Clarke, Stuart. "Faulting, fault zone processes and hydrocarbon flow through three-dimensional basin models." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394652.
Full text
2
Simpson, A. D. W. "The Meso-Cenozoic deformation history of Thailand and Myanmar; insights from calcite U-Pb and apatite fission track thermochronology." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133682.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available electronically.Given the absence of suitable dating methods, the timing of low-temperature crustal deformation is usually established by indirect methods (such as apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology). Few studies have previously ventured into directly constraining the absolute timing of brittle deformation (such as authigenic illite dating). U-Pb dating of calcite in tectonic veins represents a new method to potentially directly date brittle deformation events (Roberts and Walker, 2016). By utilising this method in combination with apatite U-Pb and fission track thermochronology, this study sheds new light on the upper crustal deformation history of Thailand and Myanmar. U-Pb calcite ages demonstrate tectonic activity at ~216-209Ma in the Khao Kwang Fold and Thrust Belt associated with the Indosinian stage 2 collision between the Sibumasu Block and the Indochina Block. Brittle deformation along the Three Pagodas Fault Zone (TPFZ) was dated at ~45Ma and ~24Ma (and possibly as recently as ~1.3Ma). AFT thermochronology suggests exhumation in the Tin province of southern Myanmar at ~26Ma-18Ma. These dates are in agreement with previous regional AFT studies in Thailand and with calcite U-Pb dates for the TPFZ, suggesting fault reactivation in response to the India-Eurasia collision and rifting in the Andaman Sea. Calcite U-Pb ages were obtained with uncertainties as low as ~1%, which is an unprecedented precision for the timing of brittle deformation. This work further demonstrates that calcite elemental mapping, in combination with U-Pb dating, can be used to distinguish different calcite growth events. Particularly enrichments in Mn or depletions in LREE concentrations in calcite seem useful to distinguish different fluids and associated calcite (re)crystallisation events. Although further work is required to enhance our understanding of both Pb diffusion in calcite as well as geochemical tracers for calcite recrystallization, the combination of calcite U-Pb with apatite fission track thermochronology is a promising novel tool to enhance our understanding of the timing of brittle deformation.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018
3
Sun, Wei-Hsiang, and 孫偉翔. "The Three-Dimensional Seismic Interpretation of Structure of the Meishan Fault Zone." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01684546975384827323.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
地震研究所
103
According to the historical records, in 1906, the 7.1 Meishan earthquake occurred in the Yunlin and Chiayi area, was the most prominent earthquake hazard happened in the southwestern Taiwan, in the last century. The Meishan fault and the surface ruptures along with that earthquake were distributed about 13.5 km. The Meishan fault was a right-lateral strike-slip fault, and the largest horizontal and vertical displacement reported by Omori (1907) was about 2.4 m and 1.8m. However, after about 100 years, the seismic activities around the Meishan fault were sort of quiet, especially in the past twenty years. The above phenomena could be considered as a stress accumulation along the fault. In this case, it will be worthwhile of studying the actual location of the Meishan fault is, and its characteristics. In this thesis, I will show the three dimensional interpretation of the subsurface structure around the fault, by using the shallow seismic reflection images those conducted by ourselves and the deeper seismic profiles acquired by CPC in the past. Three dimensional relationships between the Meishan fault, the Chiuchiungkeng fault, and the Hsiaomei anticline will be illustrated as well. The seismic profiles obtained from CPC showed that the near-surface formations were cut by many faults, and the width of fault zone is about 2-3 km. This resulting width of the fault zone is much larger than that obtained from the past study by using the shallow seismic profiles. In our study, we also proposed that the 1906 earthquake rupture was simply part of the Meishan fault zone. Those fault ruptures could merged into a main fault in the deeper strata. The three-dimensional structure of the Hsiaomei anticline showed that the anticlinal axis was horizontally offset by a displacement of about 2 km. The offset is same as that obtained from the geomorphology.
Book chapters on the topic "Three Pagodas Fault Zone"
1
Rao, Koppula Srinivas, B. Veerasekhar Reddy, Sarada K., and Saikumar K. "A Sequential Data Mining Technique for Identification of Fault Zone Using FACTS-Based Transmission." In Handbook of Research on Innovations and Applications of AI, IoT, and Cognitive Technologies, 408–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6870-5.ch028.
Full textAbstract:
In this survey, the issue of flaw zone identification of separation transferring in “FACTS-based transmission lines” is investigated. Presence of FACTS gadgets on transmission line (TL), while they have been remembered for issue zone, from separation transfer perspective, causes various issues in deciding the specific area of the flaw by varying impedance perceived by hand-off. The degree of these progressions relies upon boundaries that are set in FACTS gadgets. To tackle issues related with these, two instruments for partition and examination of three-line flows, from the hand-off perspective to blame occasion, have been used. In addition, to examine the impacts of TCSC area on deficiency zone recognition of separation hand-off, two spots, one of every 50% of line length and the other in 75% of line length, are deliberated as two situations for affirmation of suggested strategy. Reproductions show that this strategy is powerful in security of FACTS-based TLs.
2
Searle, Mike. "Extruding Indochina: Burma, Vietnam, Yunnan, Thailand." In Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Geographically, Indochina consists of the South East Asian countries Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Geologically, Indochina includes all the land bounded by two very large-scale strike-slip faults—the Sagaing fault, which runs down the length of Burma, and the Red River fault, which extends more than 1,100 kilometres from the south-eastern corner of Tibet south-east through Yunnan and North Vietnam to Hanoi and the Gulf of Tonkin. Both faults are active, and show that Indochina is moving south-east relative to both the Burma micro-plate to the west and the South China block north of the Red River fault. The unresolved questions were how far Indochina was extruding away from the India–Asia collision zone and when these faults became active. The eastern margin of the Indian plate lies along the Burma–Andaman– Sumatra–Java trench, where the Indian oceanic plate is subducting beneath the great island arc chain of Indonesia. Behind the island arc, a new oceanic basin has formed in the past 5 million years, with basaltic ocean crust forming along a small active spreading centre in the Andaman Sea. The northern extension of the Andaman trench extends into the Arakan-Yoma Hills of western Burma, but the nature and location of the transition from oceanic lithosphere beneath the Bay of Bengal to continental lithosphere in Burma is poorly known. In the south of Burma, where the Irrawaddy River drains into the Andaman Sea, a vast delta has built up with over 10 kilometres’ thickness of sediments eroded off the mountains of Burma. The Sagaing fault continues offshore and is connected to the young oceanic spreading centre in the Andaman Sea. In northern Burma the fault passes close to the cities of Meiktyla and Mandalay and then splays into several branches that terminate in the Jade belt and other mountain ranges that ripple northwards towards the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Burma is a hauntingly beautiful country of serene landscapes, golden pagodas, green rice fields, range upon range of distant hills, teak forests, and wide muddy rivers. It is also a land of great mineral riches.
3
Krer, Akn, and Yaar Ergun. "Paleoseismological Three Dimensional Virtual Photography Method; A Case Study: Bağlarkayası-2010 Trench, Tuz Gölü Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey." In Tectonics - Recent Advances. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48194.
Full text
4
K. Biswas, Sanjib, and Gaurav D. Chauhan. "Intra-Plate Dynamics and Active Tectonic Zones of the Indian Plate." In Advances in Plate Tectonics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105647.
Full textAbstract:
The tectonic framework of the Indian Plate started to evolve since the break-up of Gondwanaland in the Late Triassic. It evolved mainly during the time between its separation from the African plate in the Early-Cretaceous and its collision with the Eurasian plate on the north in Late-Middle Eocene and with the Burmese plate in the northeast in Late-Oligocene. Present active tectonic zones, responsible for earthquake generation, were created by the collision pattern and subsequent plate motion. Continued subduction and plate motion due to ridge push and slab pull are responsible for the activation of primordial faults in the inherent structural fabric of the craton depending on the related stress field. Major tectonic zones of the Indian continental plate are related to the collision fronts and the reactivated intra-cratonic faults along the resurgent paleo-sutures between the proto-cratons. Major Tectonic Zones (TZ) are Himalayan TZ, Assam-Arakan TZ, Baluchistan- Karakoram TZ, Andaman-Nicobar TZ, and Stable Continental Region (SCR) earthquake zone. The structure of the continental margins developed during the break-up of Gondwana continental fragments. Western margin evolved during the sequential separation of Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles since the Late-Triassic to Late Cretaceous time. The Eastern margin structure evolved during the separation of Antarctica in Mid Cretaceous. The orogenic belt circumscribing the northern margin of Indian plate is highly tectonised as the subduction of the plate continues due to northerly push from the Carlsberg Ridge in the SW and slab-pull towards northeast and east along the orogenic and island arc fronts in the NE. This stress pattern induced an anticlockwise rotatory plate motion. The back thrust from the collision front in the direction opposite to the ridge push put the plate under an overall compressive stress. This stress pattern and the plate motion are responsible for the reactivation of the major intra-cratonic faults. While the tectonised orogenic belts are the zones for earthquake nucleation, the reactivated faults are also the strained mega shear zones across the plate for earthquake generation in SCR. These faults trending WNW-ESE are apparently the transform faults that extend across the continent from Carlsberg ridge in the west to the collision zones in the northeast. As such, they are described here as the ‘trans-continental transform faults’. Three such major fault zones from north to south are (i) North Kathiawar fault - Great Boundary fault (along the Aravalli belt) zone, (ii) South Saurashtra fault (extension of Narmada fault) – SONATA-Dauki-Naga fault zone, and (iii) Tellichery-Cauvery-Eastern Ghat-T3-Hail Hakalula-Naga thrust zone. All these trans-continental faults, which are mega-shear zones, are traceable from western offshore to the northeastern orogenic belts along mega tectonic lineaments across the continent. The neotectonic movements along these faults, their relative motion, and displacement are the architect of the present geomorphic pattern and shape of the Indian craton. The overall compressive stress is responsible for strain build-up within these fault zones and consequent earthquake nucleation. The mid-continental Sonata-Dauki shear zone follows the Central Indian Suture Zone between Bundelkhand Proto Continent (BPC) and Deccan Proto Continent (DPC). With the reactivation of this shear zone, the two proto-cratonic blocks are subjected to relative movement as the plate rotates anticlockwise. The kinematics of these movements and their implications are discussed here with a special reference to the recent 2001 Bhuj earthquake.
5
Dubé, Benoît, Patrick Mercier-Langevin, John Ayer, Jean-Luc Pilote, and Thomas Monecke. "Chapter 3: Gold Deposits of the World-Class Timmins-Porcupine Camp, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Canada." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 53–80. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.03.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Timmins-Porcupine camp, with >2,190 metric tons Au (70.5 Moz) produced between 1906 and 2019, is the world’s largest Archean orogenic gold camp. The gold deposits of the camp are distributed over ~50 km of strike length along the Destor-Porcupine fault zone. This includes the world-class Hollinger-McIntyre and Dome deposits, which represent archetypal examples of large orogenic quartz-carbonate gold systems. The Dome deposit, where the ore is centered on a folded unconformity between Tisdale volcanic rocks and Timiskaming sedimentary units, also illustrates the spatial relationship between large gold deposits and a regional unconformity. Ore-forming hydrothermal activity in the camp spanned a prolonged period of time, as illustrated by early-stage, low-grade ankerite veins formed between ca. 2690 and 2674 Ma. This was prior to or very early relative to the development of the regional unconformity and sedimentation of the Timiskaming assemblage, and subsequent main-stage gold deposition. The bulk of the gold in the district is younger than the Three Nations Formation of the upper part of the Timiskaming assemblage (i.e., ≤2669 ± 1 Ma) and was deposited syn- to late-main phase of shortening (D3) in the Timmins-Porcupine camp from about 2660 to 2640 ± 10 Ma. The early carbonatization represents a significant early-stage hydrothermal event in the formation of large structurally controlled gold deposits such as Dome and illustrates the protracted nature of the large-scale CO2-rich metasomatism occurring before and during gold deposition. Ores in the Timmins-Porcupine camp mainly consist of networks of steeply to moderately dipping fault-fill quartz-carbonate ± tourmaline ± pyrite veins and associated extensional, variably deformed, shallowly to moderately dipping arrays of sigmoidal veins hosted in highly carbonatized and sericitized rocks and formed during main regional shortening (D3). In contrast, at the Timmins West mine, the Thunder Creek and 144 GAP deposits are early- to syn-Timiskaming intrusion-associated deposits that slightly predate to overlap the main phase of D3 horizontal shortening in which the associated intrusions mainly played a passive role as an older mechanical and chemical trap rock. The formation of the gold deposits of the Timmins-Porcupine camp is due to several key factors. The Destor-Porcupine fault zone represents a deeply rooted first-order structure and tapped auriferous metamorphic fluids and melts from the upper mantle-lower crust. The fault zone has channeled large volumes of auriferous H2O-CO2-rich fluids to the upper crust late in the evolution of the belt. Several of the gold deposits of the camp are spatially associated with the regional Timiskaming unconformity. The current level of erosion is deep enough to expose the unconformity and to maximize the chance of discovering the quartz-carbonate style of orogenic deposits or the associated hydrothermal footprint, but also allowed for preservation of at least part of the gold deposits that are mainly hosted in the highly reactive Fe-rich basalt of the Tisdale assemblage. Additional key factors include the presence of komatiitic and/or basaltic komatiite flows, competent pre- and syn-Timiskaming subalkaline and alkaline intrusions that predate the main phase of shortening, and the occurrence of a flexure in the trace of the Destor-Porcupine fault zone that may have further facilitated and focused the ore-forming fluid upflow in the most endowed part of the camp. The complex structural and rheological discontinuities, competency contrasts, and early-stage folds with associated fracture and fault netorks in the camp provided highly favorable ground-preparation conditions.
6
Archibald, Donnelly B., J. Brendan Murphy, Mike Fowler, Robin A. Strachan, and Robert S. Hildebrand. "Testing petrogenetic models for contemporaneous mafic and felsic to intermediate magmatism within the “Newer Granite” suite of the Scottish and Irish Caledonides." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(15).
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Granitoid batholiths dominated by felsic to intermediate compositions are commonly associated with mafic plutons and enclaves; however, the genetic relationship between the apparently coeval but compositionally dissimilar magmas is unclear. Here, we reviewed the age and lithogeochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of some classic plutonic rocks emplaced in the Northern Highlands, Grampian and Connemara terranes of the Caledonide orogen of Scotland and Ireland. The Northern Highlands terrane consists mostly of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Moine Supergroup and is located north of the Great Glen fault. The Grampian terrane also consists of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks (Dalradian Supergroup) and is located south of the Great Glen fault in both Scotland and Ireland. Amphibolite-facies metasedimentary rocks in the Connemara terrane are correlated with the Dalradian Supergroup, and the terrane is bounded by splays of the Highland Boundary and Southern Uplands faults. These three terranes were intruded by Silurian–Devonian mafic and felsic to intermediate plutonic rocks that display field evidence for mingling and mixing and have a similar range (between ca. 437 and 370 Ma) in emplacement ages. This range implies they were intruded during and after the late Caledonian Scandian orogenic event that resulted from the mid- to late Silurian collision of amalgamated Avalonia and Baltica with Laurentia and the final closure of the Iapetus Ocean. Our review supports the contention that the Great Glen fault represents a major compositional boundary in the Silurian lithosphere. Felsic to intermediate plutons that occur north of the Great Glen fault are more enriched in light rare earth elements and Ba-Sr-K compared to those to the south. Isotopic compositions of these late Caledonian plutonic rocks on both sides of the Great Glen fault indicate that metasomatism and enrichment of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Northern Highlands terrane occurred just prior to emplacement of late Caledonian plutons. Within the same terrane, mafic and felsic to intermediate rocks display similar trace-element and rare earth element concentrations compatible with models implying that fractionation of a mafic magma played an important role in generating the felsic to intermediate magmas. The onset of slab failure magmatism may have been diachronous along the length of the collision zone. If so, slab failure may have propagated laterally, possibly initiating where promontories collided.
7
Yurdakul, Emrecan, Ali İmer, and Mustafa Cihan. "Timing and Nature of Mineralization and Associated Hydrothermal Alteration at the Öksüt High-Sulfidation Epithermal Au-Cu Deposit (Kayseri Province, Central Anatolia)." In Tectonomagmatic Influences on Metallogeny and Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: A Tribute to Jeremy P. Richards (Volume I), 49–68. Society of Economic Geologists, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.24.04.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Öksüt is a breccia-hosted high-sulfidation epithermal gold-copper deposit, situated within the Develidağ Volcanic Complex in south-central Anatolia. The volcanic complex, exposed on the northern edge of the Tauride range, is largely made up of late Miocene andesitic to dacitic porphyries, covered by a succession of Pliocene basalts and basaltic andesites. A series of N-S- to NNW-trending faults of the regional central Anatolian fault zone partly cut and border the volcanic complex to the east and west. Mineralization at Öksüt follows a predominant north-northwest trend that correlates well with the regional stress regime. The bulk of the mineralization occurs in two domains, the Keltepe and Güneytepe orebodies, where steeply dipping and pervasively supergene oxidized breccia zones exploited funnel-shaped diatreme conduits within pyroxene andesite porphyry. Emplacement of these phreatomagmatic breccias was largely controlled by vertical to subvertical faults with dominant normal-slip components. Mineralized breccias comprise a central zone of residual vuggy to massive silica alteration, laterally and vertically grading into zones of quartz-alunite and quartz-alunite-clay alteration. These silica-altered breccias contain relatively high gold grades, whereas significant mineralization was also encountered in quartz-alunite-clay alteration. In the oxide zone, gold occurs in native form, whereas in the hypogene zone it occurs both as native gold or within pyrite-enargite accompanied by marcasite, and rare chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite. To the west of Keltepe and in Güneytepe, at depth, the altered and mineralized breccias pass into barren zones of argillic and then into biotite-magnetite ± K-feldspar ± anhdyrite alteration, the latter typical of porphyry-type systems. Sporadic zones of calc-silicate alteration, represented by grossularite, diopside, and vesuvianite, are also present. Three 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from alunite and illite range between 5.7 to 5.5 Ma and are concordant with previously reported U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages (~6–5.5 Ma) from host pyroxene andesite porphyry. This suggests that high-sulfidation alteration and mineralization developed contemporaneously with postsubduction magmatism at the Develidağ Volcanic Complex, in relationship to regional E-W-directed extension that commenced at ~6 Ma. Our new ages also confirm Öksüt as the youngest epithermal gold deposit discovered to date in Anatolia, and possibly in the entire Western Tethyan metallogenic belt. The topographic prominence of the volcanic edifice combined with high permeability of the breccias favored deep supergene sulfide oxidation, thereby rendering Öksüt economically viable. Gold encapsulated in hypogene sulfides was liberated during the oxidation, whereas the copper was leached to produce a discontinuous chalcocite- and covellite-dominated enrichment zone, up to 50 m thick, at the base of oxidation.
8
Riggs, Nancy, Brian McConnell, and John Graham. "Sedimentary provenance of Silurian basins in western Ireland during Iapetus closure." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(16).
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Three Silurian basin fills, the Llandovery–Wenlock Croagh Patrick and Killary Harbour–Joyce Country successions and the Ludlow–Pridoli Louisburgh–Clare Island succession, overstep the tectonic contacts between elements of the Grampian (Taconic) accretionary history of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogeny in western Ireland. New U-Pb detrital zircon data from lower strata of these Silurian rocks provide insight into basin evolution and paleogeography. The shallow-marine Croagh Patrick succession unconformably overlies the Clew Bay Complex and the northern part of the Ordovician South Mayo Trough. Two samples have zircon populations dominated by Proterozoic grains typical of the Laurentian margin, with few younger grains. Up to 13% of the grains form a cluster at ca. 950–800 Ma, which is younger than known Grenville magmatism on the local Laurentian margin and older than known magmatism from Iapetan rifting; these may be recycled grains from Dalradian strata, derived from distal Tonian intrusions. The Killary Harbour–Joyce Country succession overlies the structural contact between the Lough Nafooey arc and the Connemara Dalradian block and records a transgressive-regressive cycle. Four samples of the Lough Mask Formation show contrasting age spectra. Two samples from east of the Maam Valley fault zone, one each from above Dalradian and Nafooey arc basement, are dominated by Proterozoic grains with ages typical of a Laurentian or Dalradian source, likely in north Mayo. One sample also includes 8% Silurian grains. Two samples from west of the fault overlie Dalradian basement and are dominated by Ordovician grains. Circa 450 Ma ages are younger than any preserved Ordovician rocks in the region and are inferred to represent poorly preserved arc fragments that are exposed in northeastern North America. Cambrian to late Neoproterozoic grains in association with young Ordovician ages suggest derivation from a peri-Gondwanan source in the late stages of Iapetus closure. The Louisburgh–Clare Island succession comprises terrestrial red beds. It unconformably overlies the Clew Bay Complex on Clare Island and is faulted against the Croagh Patrick succession on the mainland. The Strake Banded Formation yielded an age spectrum dominated by Proterozoic Laurentian as well as Ordovician–Silurian ages. Although the basin formed during strike-slip deformation along the Laurentian margin in Ireland and Scotland, sediment provenance is consistent with local Dalradian sources and contemporaneous volcanism. Our results support ideas that Ganderian continental fragments became part of Laurentia prior to the full closure of the Iapetus Ocean.
9
Russo, Angela G., Wanda J. Taylor, and Patricia H. Cashman. "Late Paleozoic Shortening in South-Central Nevada and Regional Correlations of Major Pre-Sevier Structures." In Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Tectonostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of Western Pangea, 114–26. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.113.05.
Full textAbstract:
Recent tectonic reinterpretations of the Late Paleozoic Southwest Laurentian margins recognize widespread Late Paleozoic deformation as a critical component in the boundary region development. Overprinted late Paleozoic structures record repeated shortening events in both northern and southern Nevada, but spatial and temporal data are currently lacking to resolve the evolution of this margin. The Timpahute Range, south-central Nevada, bridges part of the spatial gap between previous detailed studies of Late Paleozoic deformation. The purpose here is to (1) evaluate structures in the area that do not appear to fit with recognized Sevier hinterland structures (the Central Nevada thrust belt [CNTB]) and (2) consider whether these contractional structures may be Late Paleozoic and possibly link, or not, structures to the north and south. New mapping in the Timpahute Range documents four geometrically or kinematically distinct sets of structures: Tempiute Ridge folds, Schofield Pass fault zone (SPFZ), structures of the CNTB, and Cenozoic extensional faults. The first three are interpreted to represent separate shortening events based on cross-cutting relations and differences in orientations of the Tempiute Ridge folds and SPFZ (north [N]), and structures of the CNTB (northwest [NW]). The Tempiute Ridge folds represent the oldest event, D1. These folds are large, trend N and verge east (E). The SPFZ is west (W)-vergent, cuts across the limb of a D1 fold and represents D2. The SPFZ is interpreted to be older than the CNTB structures, D3, based on positions of fault cut offs, and differences in footwall and hangingwall facies. All of the shortening events predate the newly dated 102.9 ± 3.2 Ma Lincoln stock and its contact metamorphic aureole. New and previous correlations suggest that a belt of Permian deformation extends from southeast (SE) California northward at least to the Timpahute Range. The Tempiute Ridge folds and SPFZ have the same distinctive geometries, styles, and kinematics as structures in the Nevada National Security Site. The mountain-size, E-vergent Tempiute Ridge folds and the W-vergent SPFZ correlate to structures associated with the Belted Range thrust and the W-vergent CP thrust, respectively. The Belted Range thrust previously has been correlated southward into the Death Valley region. Thus, convergence created large-amplitude folds and thrusts for ~200 km along strike. Structures of this age are exposed in northern Nevada but are smaller. These new relations fill a data gap and suggest differences in the size and structural style of Permian structures along strike and corresponding variations in the plate boundary configuration.
Conference papers on the topic "Three Pagodas Fault Zone"
1
Rose, Mark W., and Robert M. Cuzner. "Fault isolation and reconfiguration in a three-zone system." In 2015 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ests.2015.7157927.
Full text
2
Mosaheb, Mojtaba, and Mehdi Zeidouni. "Analytical Model of Fault Leakage in Compartmentalized Reservoirs Considering Three-Directional Flow in the Fault Zone." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195276-ms.
Full text
3
Abdelhaleem, Shaimaa, and Wanda J. Taylor. "NORMAL AND STRIKE-SLIP FAULT INTERACTIONS: THREE FAULT TIPS ALONG THE QUATERNARY KANE SPRINGS WASH TRANSFER FAULT ZONE, SOUTHERN NEVADA." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369445.
Full text
4
Karasaki, Kenzi, Celia Tiemi Onishi, Erika Gasperikova, Junichi Goto, Hiroyuki Tsuchi, Tadashi Miwa, Keiichi Ueta, Kenzo Kiho, and Kimio Miyakawa. "Development of Characterization Technology for Fault Zone Hydrology." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40121.
Full textAbstract:
Several deep trenches were cut, and a number of geophysical surveys were conducted across the Wildcat Fault in the hills east of Berkeley, California. The Wildcat Fault is believed to be a strike-slip fault and a member of the Hayward Fault System, with over 10 km of displacement. So far, three boreholes of ∼ 150m deep have been core-drilled and borehole geophysical logs were conducted. The rocks are extensively sheared and fractured; gouges were observed at several depths and a thick cataclasitic zone was also observed. While confirming some earlier, published conclusions from shallow observations about Wildcat, some unexpected findings were encountered. Preliminary analysis indicates that Wildcat near the field site consists of multiple faults. The hydraulic test data suggest the dual properties of the hydrologic structure of the fault zone. A fourth borehole is planned to penetrate the main fault believed to lie in-between the holes. The main philosophy behind our approach for the hydrologic characterization of such a complex fractured system is to let the system take its own average and monitor a long term behavior instead of collecting a multitude of data at small length and time scales, or at a discrete fracture scale and to “up-scale,” which is extremely tenuous.
5
Olona, J., C. López- Fernández, G. Fernández-Viejo, and S. Llana-Fúnez. "A Comparison of Three Array Configurations to Characterize a Fault Zone by the Electrical Resistivity Tomography Method." In Near Surface Geoscience 2016 - 22nd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201602060.
Full text
6
Santiago Ortega, Javier, and Maria Cristina Tavares. "Fault Impedance Analysis in Half-Wavelength Transmission Lines." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2473.
Full textAbstract:
Half-wavelength (HWL) line has excellent steady-state properties to power transmission over very long distances, and technical and economic advantages over HVDC very long lines. However, protection system based on impedance calculations need carefully attention due to specific behavior of HWL line under fault. This paper analyzes the fault impedance on HLW lines to produce more insight about the effect of the capacitance, the point of fault, the resonance phenomenon, the transmission line model and the phasor estimation to the impedance measurement process in protective devices. This paper shows that the phase impedance estimation suffers higher deviation from ideal values as faults are applied far away from terminals and transposition introduces an additional deviation. Three characteristic impedance zones can be observed in HWL line. The steady-state phase impedance can be measured with a small error in the first zone and the third zone. Faults in the second zone (the middle of line) introduce a very high deviation due to line transposition.
7
Zhou, Zhuoran, Minjun Peng, Hang Wang, and Yingying Jiang. "Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of Pressurizer Based on Bond Graph." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93053.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The bond graph can be used to simulate and model conservation processes in different energy domains. In this paper, based on bond graph, the pressurizer was modeled and diagnosed at full power. Two parameters of pressure and mass flow were selected. Firstly, the bond graph of pressurizer was established. The pressurizer was divided into three zones: the fluctuating zone, the saturated liquid zone and the gaseous zone. The conservation equations of mass and energy were given respectively for these three regions. Secondly, the conservation equations of mass and energy were combined with the conservation of volume, and the model was constructed according to the combination rules. Then, according to the established bond graph model, the time causality diagram was established to determine the influence relationship between the coefficients and listed the fault characteristic matrix. Meanwhile, the reasoning structure between the coefficient was realized by the expert system G2. Finally, the fault data simulated by simulator was imported into the bond graph model. The failure of the safety valve, the spray valve and the immersion type heater were introduced to verify the modeling and diagnosis effect. It concludes that the diagnosis effect is consistent with the imported fault. Compared with the data-driven method, the bond graph method is more reliable, and compared with the expert knowledge method, the bond graph method can diagnose unknown faults and has a wide range of applications. In addition, a new method for nuclear power plant simulation modeling was provided. This was a new attempt to model bond graphs outside the research of mechanic, electronic and hydraulic.
8
Riandini, P. "Structural Evolution Using Seismic Low Frequency Magnitude Approach: A Case Study on Defining Strike-Slip Development in West Natuna Basin, Indonesia." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-g-290.
Full textAbstract:
West Natuna Basin (WNB) is located in the centre of Sunda Shelf in South China Sea; bordered by the Sunda Shelf's basement to the south, the Natuna Arch to the east, and the Khorat Swell to the north. Tectonic evolution of the WNB has imparted a complex structural history of extension, compression and wrenching related to Cenozoic regional tectonic events, for which the structural evolution reflects a history of Late Eocene-Early Oligocene rifting and Middle-Late Miocene inversion. The regional strike-slip movement that associates to the Three Pagodas Fault System has long been recognised at WNB. However, the understanding of this strike-slip behaviour has not previously been investigated despite its important role in reservoir mapping. This study aims to demonstrate how new approaches of seismic attributes analysis combined with structural evolution through palinspastic reconstruction will define the structural geometry as a key point for fault relationship in the production field. Structure map and cross section are generated by integrating wells data and 3D seismic to identify structural trends. Seismic low frequency magnitude has been generated as an attribute to define faults through Spectral Decomposition method. As the faults feature on the seismic are more related to low or even absent of energy, these attributes provide robust attributes to identify four morphology in study area that represent different structural geometry and history. Seismic interpretation shows the structure commences in the early part of the Late Eocene that developed as NE-SW rifting. The rifting is initiated due to creation of pull-apart basins, as part of the WNW-ESE sinistral strike-slip fault development. The major sinistral strike-slip development was accommodated by collision of India that causes onset of rotation of Sundaland. In relation to the oblique NNE-SSW compression, Middle-Late Miocene inversion follows the post-rift deformation. This condition accommodates the development of NW-SE right lateral strike-slip on the marginal fault and result in N-S trending horsetail structure development that plays a role as an essential structure for reservoir trap.This research verifies that the combination between recent re-evaluations of the 3D seismic and its attributes can identify more detailed fault positions to generate better definitions of fault patterns. Therefore, palinspastic restoration becomes one of the classic approaches that brings further comprehension of the fault pattern’s structural evolutions, which leads to the site-development and production’s improvements.
9
Zhang, Yu, Honglin Xiao, XiaoMing Zhang, Haidong Liu, Bo Liu, Wei Wang, Shenzhuan Li, et al. "Integration Applications of Image and Sonic Data in the Fault-Dominated Carbonate Reservoir in Tarim Basin." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207427-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carbonate reservoir is one of the most complex and important reservoirs in the world. It was confirmed that the slip-strike fault played a crucial role in the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir in Tarim basin. It is challenging to evaluate this kind of reservoir using the open-hole log or seismic data. Identifying and characterizing the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir were the objectives of this case study. High-definition borehole resistivity image and dipole sonic logs were run in several wells in the research area. It was revealed the detail features of the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir, such as natural fractures, faults or breccias. Compared with the typical geological model of strike-slip faults and outcrop features, the characteristics of the breccia zone and the fracture zone in the strike-slip fault system were summarized from the borehole image interpretation. A unique workflow was innovated with the integration of image and sonic data. Breccias and fractures were observed in the borehole image; and reflections or attenuations in Stoneley waveforms can provide indicating flag for permeable zones. Integrated with the other related geological data like mud logging or cores, the best pay zones in the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir were located. The characteristics of the strike-slip fault was revealed with the integration of the full-bore formation microimager and dipole shear sonic imager data. The fault core was a typical breccia zone with strong dissolution, which showed good potential in permeability, but it was found that some fault cores were filled with siliceous rock or intrusive rock. The features of the fillings in the fault zone were described based on the image and sonic data. The side cores or geochemical spectroscopy logs data helped to determine the mineralogy of the fillings. The fracture zones had clear responses in the image and sonic data too. The un-filled or half-filled breccia zone were the best zones in the fault-dominated carbonated reservoir. The details of the fault-dominated carbonate reservoir could be used in the future three-dimensional geological modelling.
10
Nur Ali Akbar, Muhammad, István Nemes, Zsolt Bihari, Helga Soltész, Ágnes Bárány, László Tóth, Szabolcs Borka, and György Ferincz. "Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: A Case Study of a Mature High-Pour Point Oil Field in Hungary." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0109.
Full textAbstract:
An integrated technical study was conducted for a field development project in West-Hungary. This study offers a better solution for estimating petrophysical properties and fracture facies vertically along the well and laterally for 3D static and dynamic models of naturally fractured reservoirs in carbonate rocks. More than 30 wells with 40 years of production history were used in order to build reliable static and dynamic models. The fracture class/facies plays essential role in spatial distribution of petrophysical properties during 3D reservoir modeling. It was defined by integrating the conventional logs, image logs, drilling parameters, and production or well test data. Three fracture facies are defined as macro-fracture (including permeable sub-seismic fault), micro-fracture, and hostrock. Subsequently the fracture-class’s spatial distribution is guided by seismic attributes of faultlikelihood combined with geological concept of fault and damage zone. As a result, the established fracture classes along the wells are validated by static and dynamic subsurface data. Spherical self-organizing map (SOM) was also implemented for predicting the fracture location in wells having limited subsurface data. Moreover, fracture lateral distribution follows the distribution of the fault zone of fault core, high-damage zone, low-damage zone, and host-rock. The higher the fault displacement the wider the damage zone and fault core formed. Macrofractures and micro-fractures frequently appear around fault core and high damage zone. While only microfractures are dominantly present in the low damaged zones. In contrast, the unfractured class is dominantly distributed in host rock area. Also, the lithologis considered in distributing the fracture class because the rock mechanic properties and number of fractures are strongly controlled by rock compositions. Once the fracture class is distributed, porosity, permeability, and water saturation are modelled in the 3D geocellular model. Finally, this fracture class also plays a role as a rock typing for reservoir simulation. The saturation height model is built using the fracture class distribution resulting the initialization, history matching process, and production forecast from 20 wells are showing excellent quality. As a novelty, this study offers a better understanding of fracture distribution and accelerates the history matching process with a more confident result of production forecast. In the absence of advanced technologies like image logs and production logging (PLT) measurements, this study still effectively assists us to recognize the fracture presence and its quality in both well-depth interval and 3D spatial space, and successfully guided us in proposing a new infill drilling with strong confidence and delivering on the high-end of expected results.
Reports on the topic "Three Pagodas Fault Zone"
1
Foxall, William. Heterogeneous slip and rupture models of the San Andreas fault zone based upon three-dimensional earthquake tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163876.
Full text
2
Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
3
Paul, C., and J. F. Cassidy. Seismic hazard investigations at select DND facilities in Southwestern British Columbia: subduction, in-slab, and crustal scenarios. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331199.
Full textAbstract:
Southwest British Columbia has some of the highest seismic hazard in Canada and is home to facilities owned by the Department of National Defence which support operations on the west coast of Canada. The potential impact of seismic hazards on these government facilities are investigated here. The hazard is from three primary sources: subduction interface, crustal and in-slab earthquakes. NRCan, in consultation with DRDC have produced representative earthquake scenarios for each of these sources. The subduction scenario we constructed was an M8.9 earthquake extending along the entire Cascadia Subduction Zone from 4 to 18 km depth. We used an M6.8 earthquake occurring along a 30 km fault at between 52 and 60 km depth below Boundary Bay to represent in-slab events. The final scenario, representing a crustal source, was an M6.4 along the central 47 km of the Leech River Valley-Devil's Mountain Fault system. We found that the Cascadia subduction scenario dominated the shaking hazard over much of the study region. Meanwhile, the in-slab and crustal scenarios have higher but more localized hazards in Vancouver and Victoria. In addition to the primary ground motion hazard, we also examined secondary seismic hazards: secondary amplification effects, landslides, liquefaction, surface ruptures, tsunami, flooding, fire, and aftershocks. Each of the secondary hazards had varying impacts depending on the scenario and locations within the region.