Journal articles: 'Three-factor model'

1

Frijters, Paul. "A three-factor search model." Economics Letters 64, no. 3 (September 1999): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00100-7.

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Li, Man, and Michael Dempsey. "The Fama and French three-factor model in developing markets: evidence from the Chinese markets." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.06.

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The authors study the Fama and French three-factor (FF-3F) model in relation to a developing market. To this end, they consider Chinese stock markets over the period 1995–2008, which is to say, over a period when these markets are recognized as “developing” markets influenced by speculative activity. The authors find that the model appears to be working as a form of “principal component analysis for the determinants of stock price formation with book-to-market (B/M) as the “variable of choice” on account of that it captures the earnings-to-price (E/P), cash-flow-to-price (C/P) and sales-to-price (S/P) variables while remaining largely uncorrelated with firm size (whereas E/P, C/P and S/P are themselves positively correlated with firm size). The variables, however, are unrelated to risk as represented by market exposure, volatility, or leverage.

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Sehrawat, Neeraj, Amit Kumar, Narander Kumar Nigam, Kirtivardhan Singh, and Khushi Goyal. "Test of capital market integration using Fama-French three-factor model: empirical evidence from India." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.10.

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Integration or segmentation of markets determines whether substantial advantages in risk reduction can be attained through portfolio diversification in foreign securities. In an integrated market, investors face risk from country-specific factors and factors, which are common to all countries, but price only the later, as country-specific risk is diversifiable. The aim of this study is two-fold, firstly, investigating the superiority of the Fama-French three-factor model over Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and later using the superior model to test for integration of Indian and US equity markets (a proxy for global markets). Based on a sample of Bombay Stock Exchange 500 non-financial companies for the period 2003–2019, the data suggest the superiority of Fama-French three-factor model over CAPM. Using the Non-Linear Seemingly Unrelated Regression technique, the first half of the sample period (2003–2010) shows evidence of market segmentation; however, the second sub-period (2011–2019) shows weak signs of market integration, which is supported by the Johansen test of cointegration, suggesting that Indian market is gradually getting integrated with global markets.

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Russo, Vincenzo, Rosella Giacometti, Svetlozar Rachev, and Frank J. Fabozzi. "A Three-Factor Model for Mortality Modeling." North American Actuarial Journal 19, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2015.1015262.

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Schmid, Bernd, and Rudi Zagst. "A Three-Factor Defaultable Term Structure Model." Journal of Fixed Income 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2000): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2000.319265.

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Estrada, Javier. "The Three-Factor Model: A Practitioner's Guide." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 23, no. 2 (June 2011): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2011.00329.x.

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Gruber, Murray L. "A Three-Factor Model of Administrative Effectiveness." Administration in Social Work 10, no. 3 (September 1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v10n03_01.

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Shen, Dehua, Andrew Urquhart, and Pengfei Wang. "A three-factor pricing model for cryptocurrencies." Finance Research Letters 34 (May 2020): 101248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.07.021.

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9

Cameron, James E. "A Three-Factor Model of Social Identity." Self and Identity 3, no. 3 (July 2004): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000047.

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10

Matson, Johnny L. "Biosocial theory of psychopathology: A three by three factor model." Applied Research in Mental Retardation 6, no. 2 (January 1985): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-3092(85)80071-0.

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11

Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "A three factor model of followership: part 1– introduction to followership, leadership and the three factor model of leadership." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 6 (July 4, 2016): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2016-0003.

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Purpose – While there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been paid to other work roles, including follower roles. The purpose of this paper is to explain and justify a three factor model of followership as a basis for exploring the role of followers, establishing what makes an effective follower and discussing the training and development of followers. This is the first part of a three part paper. It reviews previous theory and research on followership, before describing the three factor model of leadership and considering how it can be applied to followership. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of this paper consists mainly of a literature review on followership, and a description of the three factor model of leadership. The second and third parts of the paper outline the approach to the empirical research. Findings – The overall findings of this three part paper: provide empirical evidence to support the three factor model of leadership; justify the extension of the model to other work roles, including follower roles; allow the development of a three factor framework of follower behaviours. Research limitations/implications – The three factor model of followership shows that followership and leadership are not fundamentally different. Indeed, the skills that leaders need in their roles develop out of and build on those needed in follower roles. The essential difference is in the contrasting roles of leader and follower in which they are used. The research findings are based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. Further research on other populations would be useful. Practical implications – Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. Social implications – The view of followership expressed in this paper is a challenge to the widely held pre-occupation with leadership and, more generally, to the cult of leadership. Originality/value – This is the first published attempt to apply the three factor model of leadership to followership. Evidence is presented on the internal reliability and external validity of measures of leadership and followership. Scales were developed to distinguish between leader and follower roles and used to describe behaviours characteristic of such roles, as well as behaviours valued in these roles, based on 360 degree assessments.

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12

Datta, Smita, and Anindita Chakraborty. "Fama French Three-factor Model: A Comparative Study." Effulgence-A Management Journal 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33601/effulgence.rdias/v16/i2/2018/32-41.

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13

Wang, Luqiang, Kevin John Keen, and Burt Holland. "Estimation of reliability in a three-factor model." Statistics in Medicine 30, no. 11 (February 3, 2011): 1254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4182.

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14

Dinn, Wayne M., Catherine L. Harris, and Richard C. Raynard. "Posttraumatic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Three-Factor Model." Psychiatry 62, no. 4 (November 1999): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1999.11024877.

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15

Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "A three factor model of followership, part 2: research on the three factor model and its application to team roles." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 7 (September 5, 2016): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2016-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this three-part paper is to point out that while there is an extensive body of theory and research on leadership, less attention has been given to other roles, particularly follower roles. The authors outlined a three factor model of leadership and suggested it could be applied to followership. In the second part of the paper, the authors present empirical evidence on the three factor model of leadership and its application to the full range of team roles, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of the paper the authors present and discuss further evidence specifically on follower behaviour. Design/methodology/approach In this part of the paper, the authors present evidence on the internal reliability and external validity of three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership behaviour and one on team role behaviours. Evidence is provided from a diverse group of managers, mainly in the UK public sector. Individuals completed a variety of self-assessment instruments and, in some cases, had 360 degree assessments completed on them, and provided evidence on contextual variables. The methodology involves looking at the degree of correlation, and its statistical significance, between variables. Findings The three self-assessment instruments, two on leadership and one on team roles, were found to possess satisfactory levels of both internal reliability and external validity, consistent with the three factor model. These findings lent support to the three factor model of leadership, to its extension and application to followership, and to the reliability and validity of the three self-assessment instruments. Research limitations/implications Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. The research was based mainly on individuals in the public sector in the UK. It would be useful to extend such research to other contexts. Practical implications Given that the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower, the training of effective followers is seen to underpin that of effective leaders. Social implications The finding that the skills of the effective leader develop out of build on those of the effective follower challenges the widely held pre-occupation with leadership, the idea that leadership is qualitatively different from and superior to followership. Thus it challenges the cult of leadership. Originality/value This paper is the first published attempt to successfully apply the three factor model of leadership to team roles in general, including follower, co-worker and leader roles. In the third part of this paper, the three factor model is applied specifically to follower roles. Ways of measuring leader and follower roles are developed and used to identify follower behaviours, as well as to make possible the identification of behaviours valued when used by followers, based on 360 degree assessments.

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16

Budiharti, Nelly, ING Wardana, and Bambang Sugiyono Agus Purwono. "Analysis of Variance Using Three Factor Experimental Design with a Fixed and Random Model for Indonesian Soybean Production." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2019): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i11/20193182.

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17

Evbayiro-Osagie, Esther Ikavbo, and Ifuero Osad Osamwonyi. "A Comparative Analysis of Four-Factor Model and Three-Factor Model in the Nigerian Stock Market." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 4 (September 14, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n4p38.

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The study investigates if the three-factor model explains variation in expected returns of stocks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE); and also ascertains if the four-factor model explains the variation in expected returns of stocks on the NSE better than the three-factor model. The study use a sample size of 139 stocks with continuous trading on the NSE for the period January 2007 to December 2014 to construct 10 portfolios on the bases of size, value and returns. By means of multiple OLS regression analysis method with the aid of StataC13 software the analysis was done. The empirical analysis reveals that the three-factor model explains cross sectional variation in expected returns in the NSE. Also, the study shows that the size effect, value effect as well as momentum effect is present in the market. Comparing the four-factor model with three-factor model, shows that the four-factor model have better explanatory power than the three-factor model in explaining returns in the Market. It is recommended that equity investors, fund/portfolio managers and investment advisers should embed in their operational strategies the explanatory power of market beta, size and value as well as momentum on stock/portfolio returns to enable them build up trading strategies that minimize loss and maximize returns. Market regulators and policy makers should ensure appropriate measures are in place to improve market viability and liquidity in order to enhance the depth and breathe of the market.

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18

Yamamoto. "Measure for No Three-Factor Interaction Model in Three-Way Contingency Tables." American Journal of Biostatistics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/amjbsp.2010.17.22.

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19

Sembiring, Ferikawita M. "Three-Factor and Five-Factor Models: Implementation of Fama and French Model on Market Overreaction Conditions." Journal of Finance and Banking Review Vol. 3 (4) Oct-Dec 2018 3, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2018.3.4(6).

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Objective - Previous research by this author has stated that the market overreaction phenomenon occurs in the Indonesian capital market and the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is able to explain portfolio returns. However, CAPM is still debated along with the emergence of the other asset pricing models, such as the multifactor model proposed by Fama and French. The aim of this research is to test the ability of that model to explain the returns of portfolios formed under market overreaction conditions. Methodology/Technique - The data used in this study is the same as that of the previous research, which includes winner and loser portfolio data formed in market overreaction conditions, particularly on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, between July 2005 and December 2015. The multifactor models used include a three-factor model consisting of the factors of market, firm size, firm value, and a five-factor model with the added factors of profitability and investment. To obtain more accurate results, GARCH econometric models were also used in addition to standard test models for obtaining unbiased results. Findings - This research concludes that market factors (Rm-Rf), firm size (SMB), and firm value (HML), are able to explain the winner and loser portfolio returns well. However, when the factors of profitability (RMW) and investment (CMA) are added into the three-factor model, the RMW and CMA explained the returns negatively and inconsistently when the GARCH model is implemented. Novelty – These results imply that the three-factor model is more accurate than the five-factor model, contrary to the previous findings of Fama and French. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Fama and French Model; Five-factor Model; Market Overreaction; Three-factor Model; Portfolio. JEL Classification: G11, G12, G14

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20

alvin, James A., S. Jeyaratnam, and Franklin A. Graybill. "Approximate confidence intervals for the three-factor mixed model." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 15, no. 4 (1986): 893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918608812550.

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21

Calvin, James A., S. Jeyaratnam, and Franklin A. Graybill. "Approximate confidence intervals for the three-factor mixed model." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 15, no. 4 (1986): 893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918608812570.

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22

Hewitt, Paul. "Electronic mail and internal communication: a three‐factor model." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 11, no. 1 (January 2006): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13563280610643570.

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23

Thompson, Briony M., Andrea Kirk, and David Brown. "Sources of Stress in Policewomen: A Three-Factor Model." International Journal of Stress Management 13, no. 3 (2006): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.13.3.309.

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Han, Shi-Zhuan, Li Zhang, Guang-Yu Han, and Lei Wang. "The Three-factor Model and China’s Multiple Stock Markets." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 10, no. 03 (October 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993319500169.

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This paper aims at discussing the applicability of the three-factor model in China’s multiple security markets. The monthly returns of Shenzhen Main Board Market, Shanghai Stock Market, GEM Securities Market and Small and Medium Board Securities Market from January 2012 to December 2016 are selected as samples. The following conclusions are drawn: the three-factor model is applicable in Shenzhen Main Board Market, that is, the change of stock return is proportional to market factor, book-to-market ratio factor, and inversely proportional to scale factor. Moreover, in terms of the explanatory power of the change of stock return, the market factor is the highest, the scale factor is the second, and the book-to-market ratio factor is the lowest. But in the other three markets, the two-factors model that excludes the ratio of book market value can explain the change of stock return better. In addition, the explanatory power of market factor is better than scale factor.

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Sevush, Steven, Gloria Peruyera, Annette Bertran, and Wendy Cisneros. "A Three-Factor Model of Cognition in Alzheimer Disease." Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 16, no. 2 (June 2003): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00146965-200306000-00004.

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Pearson, Willow. "Integral Counseling and a Three-Factor Model of Defenses." Counseling and Values 51, no. 3 (April 2007): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2007.tb00079.x.

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Black, Angela J. "Macroeconomic risk and the Fama‐French three‐factor model." Managerial Finance 32, no. 6 (June 2006): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350610666238.

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Greenspan, Stephen. "Rethinking “Harmonious Parenting” Using a Three-factor Discipline Model." Child Care in Practice 12, no. 1 (January 2006): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270500526212.

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Zubrenkova, О. А., E. V. Lisenkova, and А. S. Ilyin. "THREE-FACTOR MODEL OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS." Фундаментальные исследования (Fundamental research), no. 3 2021 (2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/fr.42981.

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Saputra, Dede Irawan, and Umi Murtini. "PERBANDINGAN FAMA AND FRENCH THREE FACTOR . MODEL DENGAN CAPITAL ASSET PHCING MODEL." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrak.2008.42.148.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemompuon Fama and Freneh three factor model dalom menjelaskan retum jortofolio dibandingkan dengan CAPM. Data yang digmakm pda penelitiot ini adatah d*a sekunder dari perusahaan yang masuk dalam LQ-45 dari periede Februari 2000 sampai Juli 2007- Sampel yang digunakan adaleh perusahaan yang selalu masuk datam Lg-45 selona periode penelitian- Hasil penelitian menwtjukkan batma betdasukmtnilai adjusted P dapat disimpulkan bahwa CAPM lebih mampu menjelaskot return partofolia dibandingkan dengan Fama and French three factor model Hal ini dryot dilihat dari nilai adjusted N CAPM yang lebih besar dibanding nilai adjusted,F Fama and Frqnch three factor modelKeywords: z Market, Size, BEIME, dan Adjusted R2

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DiMatteo, M. Robin, Kelly B. Haskard-Zolnierek, and Leslie R. Martin. "Improving patient adherence: a three-factor model to guide practice." Health Psychology Review 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2010.537592.

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Egger, Peter, and Michael Pfaffermayr. "Trade, Multinational Sales, and FDI in a Three-factor Model." Review of International Economics 13, no. 4 (September 2005): 659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00529.x.

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Hall, Jason R., Stephen D. Benning, and Christopher J. Patrick. "Criterion-Related Validity of the Three-Factor Model of Psychopathy." Assessment 11, no. 1 (March 2004): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191103261466.

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Yunus, Norzita, Ezhar Tamam, Jusang Bolong, Nor Azura Adzharuddin, and Faridah Ibrahim. "Validation of intercultural sensitivity three-factor model in Malaysian context." SHS Web of Conferences 33 (2017): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173300049.

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Agarwal, B. L. "Testing a main effect in a three factor mixed model." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 19, no. 2 (January 1990): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929008830228.

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Taneja, Yash Pal. "Revisiting Fama French Three-Factor Model in Indian Stock Market." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 14, no. 4 (October 2010): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226291001400403.

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Walkshäusl, Christian, and Sebastian Lobe. "The Alternative Three-Factor Model: An Alternative beyond US Markets?" European Financial Management 20, no. 1 (October 13, 2011): 33–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036x.2011.00628.x.

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Kariya, Takeaki, Fumiaki Ushiyama, and Stanley R. Pliska. "A three‐factor valuation model for mortgage‐backed securities (MBS)." Managerial Finance 37, no. 11 (September 27, 2011): 1068–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074351111167947.

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Suzuki, Katsuhiko. "The Rybczynski theorem in the three-factor, two-good model." Economics Letters 17, no. 3 (January 1985): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(85)90215-0.

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40

Huffman, Stephen P., Stephen D. Makar, and Scott B. Beyer. "A three-factor model investigation of foreign exchange-rate exposure." Global Finance Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2010.03.004.

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41

Ama, Njoku O. "One Parameter Model for Three-Factor Interactions in Contingency Tables." Biometrical Journal 36, no. 7 (1994): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.4710360708.

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Ridgway, Pamela S., and D. Balfour Jeffrey. "A comparison of the three-factor eating questionnaire and the restraint scale and consideration of lowe’s three-factor model." Addictive Behaviors 23, no. 1 (January 1998): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00031-2.

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Manning, Tony, and Bob Robertson. "A three factor model of followership: part 3 – research on followership, a three factor followership framework and practical implications." Industrial and Commercial Training 48, no. 8 (October 3, 2016): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2016-0005.

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Purpose The first part of this paper pointed out that theory and research on followership is less extensive and less well known than that on leadership. It then described a three factor model of leadership and suggested it could be applied to and was consistent with other work on followership. The second part of the paper presented empirical evidence supporting the three factor model of leadership and justifying its extension and application to the full range of team roles, including follower and co-worker roles, as well as leader roles. This part of the paper looks specifically at follower roles and followership. Research findings are used to develop and describe a three factor model of follower behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A mixed group of managers, mainly from the UK public sector, completed a variety of self-assessment questionnaires, had 360 degree assessments completed on them, and provided information on their work role and situation. Research looked at the degree of correlation between variables and its statistical significance. This was used to assess the internal reliability and external validity of three factor measures of leader behaviours and team role behaviours. Information on contextual variables was used to measure leader and follower situations and develop leader-follower scales that were used to identify behaviours used by followers. In total, 360 degree assessments were also used to identify behaviours that are most and least valued when used by followers. Findings The findings presented in the second part of this paper provided empirical support for the three factor model of leadership and its extension to the full range of team roles. The findings presented in this part of the paper identify behaviours used by individuals in follower roles and behaviours valued when used by individuals in such roles. By combining these two sets of findings, it was possible to produce a three factor model of effective follower behaviour, with each metacategory consisting of five behaviour sets and each set made up of four specific behaviours. Research limitations/implications Effective organisations need effective followers and effective leaders. Moreover, the skills of the effective leader develop out of and build on those of the effective follower. Effective leaders and followers use essentially the same skills but use them in different situations, playing different roles. The research was carried out on a diverse sample of managers, drawn mainly from the UK public sector. However, it would be useful to extend the research to other populations. Practical implications The findings provide evidence-based descriptions of effective follower behaviours. These have practical implications for leaders and for followers, as well those involved in their training and development. They establish the content of developmental activities for effective followers and indicate how the training and development of followers underpins that of leaders. Social implications The findings challenge the widely held pre-occupation with leadership and the associated view that it is qualitatively different from and superior to leadership. In so doing, the three factor model of followership offers a challenge to the cult of leadership. Originality/value This is the first published research to present empirical evidence supporting the three factor model of followership. In the research process, scales were developed to assess leader and follower roles and used to identify behaviours used by followers. They were also used in further research identifying behaviours most and least valued when used by followers. The instruments and the associated research were original.

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44

Bednarska, Marlena. "DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION IN TOURISM – EMPIRICAL VERIFICATION OF THREE-FACTOR MODEL." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 473 (2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.473.04.

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45

Zheng, Yanli, Mark Hasegawa-Johnson, and Shamala Pizza. "Analysis of the three-dimensional tongue shape using a three-index factor analysis model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 1 (January 2003): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1520538.

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Strunk, Kamden K. "A Factor Analytic Examination of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire–Revised Supports a Three-Factor Model." Psychological Reports 115, no. 2 (October 2014): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/14.03.pr0.115c24z0.

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The literature in achievement goals includes mixed results as to the factor structure of achievement goal measures, particularly the Achievement Goal Questionnaire–Revised (AGQ–R). In a sample of 1,496 undergraduate students (600 men, 891 women, 5 unreported sex; M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 3.2), the AGQ–R was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis that suggested three factors. Then, in a different sample of 1,125 undergraduate students (270 men, 750 women, 5 unreported sex; M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 5.4), the measure was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis, in which a three-factor solution, again, showed the best fit to the observed data. The implications of these results for the measurement of achievement goals are discussed.

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Barnes, Jennifer, Tim Prescott, and Steven Muncer. "Confirmatory factor analysis for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Evidence supporting a three-factor model." Eating Behaviors 13, no. 4 (December 2012): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.001.

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Nikezić, D., and N. Stevanović. "Room model with three modal distributions of attached 220Rn progeny and dose conversion factor." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncl089.

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Bekiros, Stelios, Nikolaos Loukeris, Iordanis Eleftheriadis, and Gazi Uddin. "Revisiting the three factor model in light of circular behavioural simultaneities." Review of Behavioral Finance 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-08-2017-0079.

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Abstract:

Purpose The authors construct asset portfolios comprising small-sized companies and value stocks that provide with higher returns for the UK market based on a three-factor model with incorporated behavioural features. The authors were able to demonstrate that value factor model is vulnerable to behavioural patterns, especially corporate fraud. In all of the above, the authors utilised a new proportional sorting methodology against the value ranking approach, commonly employed in empirical studies. Strong evidence is observed that portfolio performance based on various syntheses of allocated assets reveals counter-intuitive results related to the BE/ME, namely, that expected returns based on size and BE/ME produce significant errors and small firms retain consistently better returns. The reason might be the unusual accounting techniques many firms follow to receive extended capital after management decisions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors were able to demonstrate that value factor model is vulnerable to behavioural patterns, especially corporate fraud. In all of the above, authors utilised a new proportional sorting methodology against the value ranking approach, commonly employed in empirical studies. Strong evidence is observed that portfolio performance based on various syntheses of allocated assets reveals counter-intuitive results related to the BE/ME, namely, that expected returns based on size and BE/ME produce significant errors and small firms retain consistently better returns. The reason might be the unusual accounting techniques many firms follow to receive extended capital after management decisions. Findings Value factor model is vulnerable to behavioural patterns, especially corporate fraud. In all of the above, the authors utilised a new proportional sorting methodology against the value ranking approach, commonly employed in empirical studies. Strong evidence is observed that portfolio performance based on various syntheses of allocated assets reveals counter-intuitive results related to the BE/ME, namely, that expected returns based on size and BE/ME produce significant errors and small firms retain consistently better returns. The reason might be the unusual accounting techniques many firms follow to receive extended capital after management decisions. Overall, asset pricing models with embedded risk factors which entail either shares or dividends are logically circular behavioural simultaneities, thus invalid when tested and estimated by statistical methods as an outcome of the EMH. Originality/value In distinctive contrast to the recent literature, the authors show that the returns from a size factor model of small stocks tend to outperform big stocks especially in crisis periods. Moreover, the authors were able to demonstrate that value factor model is vulnerable to behavioural patterns, especially corporate fraud. In all of the above, the authors utilised a new proportional sorting methodology against the value ranking approach, commonly employed in empirical studies. Strong evidence is observed that portfolio performance based on various syntheses of allocated assets reveals counter-intuitive results related to the BE/ME, namely, that expected returns based on size and BE/ME produce significant errors and small firms retain consistently better returns. The reason might be the unusual accounting techniques many firms follow to receive extended capital after management decisions. Overall, asset pricing models with embedded risk factors which entail either shares or dividends are logically circular behavioural simultaneities, thus invalid when tested and estimated by statistical methods as an outcome of the EMH.

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50

Younhee Kim. "Assessing Public Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Applicability of the Three-Factor Model." Journal of Governance Studies 6, no. 1 (June 2011): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.16973/jgs.2011.6.1.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-factor model'

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