Academic literature on the topic 'Three-dimensional printing – Law and legislation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Three-dimensional printing – Law and legislation"
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Bogdanov, D. E. "Patentability of Solutions in the Field of Bioprint Technologies: A Comparative Law Aspect." Lex Russica, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2022.183.2.077-089.
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The paper is devoted to the issues of advisability of introducing amendments to the civil legislation in connection with the development of additive technologies or the possibility of effective application of the existing rules of law to the regulation of «innovative» civil relations.Digitization of objects of the material world associated with the creation of their digital prototypes constitutes a revolutionary element of 3D printing technology. A three-dimensional digital model (CAD file) can be easily modified, distributed and embodied in the form of a physical object by printing it on a 3D printer. This gives rise to new risks of infringement of exclusive rights to objects of patent law. In a foreign doctrine, a discussion has started regarding the possibility of qualifying the creation and circulation of digital models of patented products (inventions) as a direct infringement or indirect infringement of exclusive rights.The paper concluded that Russian patent law was not ready for the challenge generated by the development of 3D printing technology, since it was not aware of the concept of indirect infringement of the exclusive right. In Russian law enforcement practice, the concept of direct patent infringement is interpreted in a restrictive manner.The question of admissibility of patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting has been studied. It is concluded that in Russian law there are no fundamental obstacles to patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting technologies. Russian legislation provides for the possibility of patenting «natural products», as well as methods and means of treatment, which distinguishes the Russian approach from the American or European one. If the risk of genetic instability of pluripotent cells is leveled, the technology for creating bioprinted human organs will comply with the requirements of civil law. In particular, it will meet the requirements for the compliance of patented technical solutions with the public interest, the principles of humanity and morality.
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Osborn, Lucas S. "Of PhDs, Pirates, and the Public." 2013 Fall Intellectual Property Symposium Articles 1, no. 4 (March 2014): 811–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v1.i4.1.
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The confluence of three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional scanning, and the Internet will erode the dividing line between the physical and the digital worlds and will bring millions of laypeople into intimate contact with the full spectrum of intellectual property laws. One of the areas most affected by 3D printers will be three-dimensional art. This Article analyzes several ways in which 3D printing technology will affect the creation, delivery, and consumption of art. Not only does 3D printing offer great promise for creative works, but it also presents a problem of piracy that may accompany the digitization of three-dimensional works. As 3D printing technology’s relationship to intellectual property law is largely unexplored, this Article explores foundational issues regarding how copyright law applies to 3D printing technology, laying the groundwork upon which further analysis of 3D printing’s effects on copyright law may be built.
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Zhang, Xiaofei, Changhong Linghu, and Jizhou Song. "Three-Dimensional Mechanical Modeling of Magnet-Controlled Transfer Printing." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 05 (June 2019): 1950042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511950042x.
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The recently developed magnet-controlled transfer printing is valuable to develop advanced engineering systems due to its ability to tune the interfacial adhesion strength continuously and rapidly. A three-dimensional analytical model based on the energy method is developed for the magnet-controlled transfer printing. The predicted interfacial adhesion strengths agree well with experiments. A scaling law is established for the normalized interfacial adhesion strength, which depends on only four non-dimensional parameters: the normalized stamp size, the normalized stamp height, the normalized work of adhesion, and the normalized magnetic pressure. The influences of the non-dimensional parameters on the adhesion strength are fully investigated. This study provides a theory to guide the design of stamp and selection of the magnetic pressure to enable a successful magnet-controlled transfer printing.
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Ammalainen, Victoria. "Legal Aspects of 3D Printing." Legal Concept, no. 3 (October 2021): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.3.20.
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Introduction: the article discusses the legal aspect of 3D printing and computer 3D models, which are printed using a 3D printer. The prospects, threats and challenges that the development of 3D printing technologies entails are examined. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to adapt the new technological realities to the current legislation and it is necessary to take into account which particular object will be displayed in the three-dimensional model, since this will determine which rights to objects will be affected. Methods: the methodological basis of this scientific article is a number of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main place is occupied by methods of information processing and logical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and generalization. Results: the author’s position on 3D models and their legal regulation is presented. Conclusions: as a result of the study, recommendations were made for improving the regulatory framework, the author proposes to delimit the legal protection of 3D models by amending Art. 1259, 1352 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
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Peng, Ju, Jin Huang, and Jianjun Wang. "Modelling of Power-Law Fluid Flow Inside a Piezoelectric Inkjet Printhead." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072441.
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Piezoelectric three-dimensional inkjet printing has been used to manufacture heterogeneous objects due to its high level of flexibility. The materials used are non-Newtonian inks with complex rheological properties, and their behavior in the context of inkjet printing has not been fully understood: for example, the fact that the shear-thinning viscosity affects the droplet generation. Therefore, a control strategy coping with shear-thinning behaviors is needed to ensure printing consistency. In this paper, a novel model-based approach is presented to describe the shear-thinning ink dynamics inside the piezoelectric inkjet printhead, which provides the basis to design the excitation parameters in a systematic way. The dynamic equation is simplified into a quasi-one-dimensional equation through the combination of the boundary layer theory and the constitutive equation of the power-law fluid, of which the viscosity is shear-thinning. Based on this, a nonlinear time-varying equivalent circuit model is presented to simulate the power-law fluid flow rate inside the tube. The feasibility and effectiveness of this model can be evaluated by comparing the results of computational fluid dynamics and the experimental results.
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Kam, Seonju. "Three-Dimensional Printing Fashion Product Design with Emotional Durability Based on Korean Aesthetics." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010240.
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Given the potentially significant environmental impacts of fashion design, various design approaches are required to extend product lifespan. Digital design methods may play an essential role in reducing the environmental impact of products and production processes. In addition, a design approach inspired by nature, where humans have long lived, is valid for sustainable design innovation. The purpose of this study is to examine the aesthetics of Koreans, who prefer nature, and to find a sustainable fashion design approach by using it as a knowledge database. In this study, a parametric design methodology that can reflect knowledge-based data in the process of producing 3D printing sustainable fashion products, considering the emotional durability of consumers, was used. The study results are as follows. From the aesthetic point of view of Korea, sustainable design characteristics represent unique Korean folk art, resilience to nature, and simplicity that resembles nature. The properties of the form represented to “forms resembling nature”, “changeable forms”, “organic forms”, and “minimal forms”. Materials were “nature inspired textures”, “rustic natural materials”, and “regional materials”. Colors were “the colors of nature” and “indigenous colors”. The parametric controls variables used for 3D printing the fashion products were size, assembly style, and sustainable material. These control parameters were used to create designs according to the individual taste of users. In the 3D printing fashion product design process, pieces were printed in different shapes and sizes by controlling the parameters to create designs according to users’ tastes and Korean aesthetics. It was determined that this process could extend the lifespan of products, and that it is possible to modify sustainable fashion products according to personal taste by adjusting numerical values and extracting visual images based on knowledge of art and culture.
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Yang, Yang, Wei Yuan, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yuhang Yuan, Chun Wang, Yintong Ye, Yao Huang, Zhiqiang Qiu, and Yong Tang. "Overview on the applications of three-dimensional printing for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries." Applied Energy 257 (January 2020): 114002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114002.
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De Schepper, Stijn, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, John C. Dickson, and Tim Van den Wyngaert. "Absolute Quantification in Diagnostic SPECT/CT: The Phantom Premise." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122333.
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The application of absolute quantification in SPECT/CT has seen increased interest in the context of radionuclide therapies where patient-specific dosimetry is a requirement within the European Union (EU) legislation. However, the translation of this technique to diagnostic nuclear medicine outside this setting is rather slow. Clinical research has, in some examples, already shown an association between imaging metrics and clinical diagnosis, but the applications, in general, lack proper validation because of the absence of a ground truth measurement. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing or 3D printing has seen rapid improvements, increasing its uptake in medical imaging. Three-dimensional printed phantoms have already made a significant impact on quantitative imaging, a trend that is likely to increase in the future. In this review, we summarize the data of recent literature to underpin our premise that the validation of diagnostic applications in nuclear medicine using application-specific phantoms is within reach given the current state-of-the-art in additive manufacturing or 3D printing.
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Alshammari, Yousef Lafi A., Feiyang He, and Muhammad A. Khan. "Modelling and Investigation of Crack Growth for 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Various Printing Parameters and Ambient Temperatures." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 3737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213737.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the significant industrial manufacturing methods in the modern era. Many materials are used for 3D printing; however, as the most used material in fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties. It is perfect for making structures for industrial applications in complex environments. Three-dimensional printing parameters, including building orientation, layers thickness, and nozzle size, critically affect the crack growth in FDM structures under complex loads. Therefore, this paper used the dynamic bending vibration test to investigate their influence on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate under dynamic loads and the Paris power law constant C and m. The paper proposed an analytical solution to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip based on the measurement of structural dynamic response. The experimental results show that the lower ambient temperature, as well as increased nozzle size and layer thickness, provide a lower FCG rate. The printing orientation, which is the same as loading, also slows the crack growth. The linear regression between these parameters and Paris Law’s coefficient also proves the same conclusion.
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Rojek, Izabela, Dariusz Mikołajewski, Ewa Dostatni, and Jakub Kopowski. "Specificity of 3D Printing and AI-Based Optimization of Medical Devices Using the Example of a Group of Exoskeletons." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021060.
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Three-dimensional-printed medical devices are a separate group of medical devices necessary for the development of personalized medicine. The present article discusses a modern and specific group of medical devices and exoskeletons, which aims to present our own experiences in the selection of materials, design, artificial-intelligence optimization, production, and testing of several generations of various upper limb exoskeletons when considering the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) and the ISO 13485 and ISO 10993 standards. Work is underway to maintain the methodological rigor inherent in medical devices and to develop new business models to achieve cost-effectiveness so that inadequate legislation does not stop the development of this group of technologies (3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering) in the healthcare system. The gap between research and engineering practice and clinical 3D printing should be bridged as quickly and as carefully as possible. This measure will ensure the transfer of proven solutions into clinical practice. The growing maturity of 3D printing technology will increasingly impact everyday clinical practice, so it is necessary to prepare medical specialists and strategic and organizational changes to realize the correct implementation based on the needs of patients and clinicians.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three-dimensional printing – Law and legislation"
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ELAM, Viola. "The challenge of three-dimensional printing : questioning established concepts in intellectual property law." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/60404.
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Defence date: 9 January 2019Examining Board Professor Giovanni Sartor, EUI; Professor Jane Ginsburg, Columbia Law School, External Supervisor; Professor Peter Drahos, EUI; Professor Raquel Xalabarder, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Over the last years, academics, practitioners and policy makers have focused their attention on an emerging technology: three-dimensional printing (“3DP”). 3DP is often portrayed as a game changer, showing the potential to disrupt established socioeconomic paradigms and exert profound implications in disparate areas of law. 3DP not only is well integrated in the manufacturing industry, but also increasingly adopted at consumer level. Recent developments have made it possible for ordinary people to take an active role in the production, customization and distribution of goods, and likewise paved the way for the proliferation of new market entrants, such as 3DP online platforms. Against this background, this thesis aims to shed some light on the implications that 3DP may have for Intellectual Property Law. In particular, this work attempts to predict and grasp the consequences that the digitization of real world things may carry in the area of IP law, both from the side of protection and infringement. This contribution is intended to create general awareness about the current state of the art and likewise delineate possible future scenarios in the 3DP ecosystem. The research question at the core of the analysis is whether the current legal framework of different IPRs already offers suitable means for regulating the thin dividing line between the digital and the analogue world, or rather needs to be amended, in order to cope with such a fascinating reality. To this end, the analysis contributes insights to the best legal treatment that CAD files shall receive, in case such files embed products protected by copyright, designs, patents and trademarks. Hence, it addresses right owners’ concern that the online transmission of CAD files, combined with the ease of converting such files into the final printout, will facilitate mass-scale and worldwide infringement of all IPRs.
Chapter 1, 'The magic world of three-dimensional printing becomes reality' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as a chapter: 'Tracing the historical roots of collaborative production: emerging challenges posed by three-dimensional printing' in the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Internet, Law and Politics, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: "Collaborative Economy: Challenges & Opportunities". Chapter 4, 'Three-Dimensional printing and European design law' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article: 'CAD files and European design law' in the journal JIPITEC. Chapter 6, 'EU trademark law and Three-Dimensional printing: opportunities and challenges' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as a chapter: 'The transfer of Computer-Aided Design files in the era of 3D printing : trademark infringement under the current European framework' in the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Internet, Law and Politics, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: "Building a European digital space."
Books on the topic "Three-dimensional printing – Law and legislation"
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Daly, Angela, and Angela Daly. Socio-Legal Aspects of the 3D Printing Revolution. Palgrave Pivot, 2016.
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Daly, Angela. Socio-Legal Aspects of the 3D Printing Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2015.
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Come and take it: The gun printer's guide to thinking free. 2016.
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Wilson, Cody. Come and Take It: The Gun Printer's Guide to Thinking Free. Gallery Books, 2017.
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Wilson, Cody. Come and Take It: The Gun Printer's Guide to Thinking Free. Gallery Books, 2016.
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Griffin, James, Hing Kai Chan, Onyeka Osuji, and Hui Leng Choo. Intellectual Property Rights and Emerging Technology: 3D Printing in China. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Griffin, James, Hing Kai Chan, Onyeka Osuji, and Hui Leng Choo. Intellectual Property Rights and Emerging Technology: 3D Printing in China. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Griffin, James, Hing Kai Chan, Onyeka Osuji, and Hui Leng Choo. Intellectual Property Rights and Emerging Technology: 3D Printing in China. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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Griffin, James, Hing Kai Chan, Onyeka Osuji, and Hui Leng Choo. Intellectual Property Rights and Emerging Technology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Three-dimensional printing – Law and legislation"
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Brown, Abbe, Smita Kheria, Jane Cornwell, and Marta Iljadica. "14. Trade marks 2: definition of a registrable trade mark, absolute grounds for refusal and invalidation, and revocation." In Contemporary Intellectual Property, 546–602. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198799801.003.0014.
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This chapter examines the definition of a registrable trade mark, absolute grounds for refusal or invalidation of a registered trade mark, the extent to which objections can be overcome through proof of distinctiveness acquired through use and the rules on revocation of a registered trade mark, both at national and EU levels. It examines these issues looking at many different kinds of trade mark, from traditional work marks and logos to so-called ‘non-conventional’ trade marks such as three-dimensional product shapes, sounds, smells, colours, and ‘position’ marks. The chapter reflects evolving legislation at an EU level (particularly the EU’s 2015 trade mark reform package), a rich base of case law, and links to the the theroetical debates seen in Chapter 13.
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Psuty, Norbert P., and Philip E. Steinberg. "Coastal and Marine Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0032.
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The 1990s witnessed a significant increase in popular interest in the US regarding the geography of the world’s coastal and marine spaces. Factors motivating this renewed interest included growing public environmental awareness, a decade of unusually severe coastal storms, more frequent reporting of marine pollution hazards, greater knowledge about (and technology for) depleting fishstocks, domestic legislation on coastal zone management and offshore fisheries policies, new opportunities for marine mineral extraction, heightened understanding of the role of marine life in maintaining the global ecosystem, new techniques for undertaking marine exploration, the 1994 activation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, reauthorization of the US Coastal Zone Management Act in 1996, and designation of 1998 as the International Year of the Ocean. Responding to this situation, the breadth of perspectives from which coastal and marine issues are being encountered by geographers, the range of subjects investigated, and the number of geographers engaging in coastal-marine research have all increased during the 1990s. As West (1989a) reported in the original Geography in America, North American coastal-marine geography during the 1980s was focused toward fields such as coastal geomorphology, ports and shipping, coastal zone management, and tourism and recreation. Research in these areas has continued, but in the 1990s, with increased awareness of the importance of coastal and marine areas to physical and human systems, geographers from a range of subdisciplines beyond those usually associated with coastal-marine geography have begun turning to coastal and marine areas as fruitful sites for conducting their research. Climatologists are investigating the sea in order to understand processes such as El Niño, remote-sensing experts are studying how sonic imagery can be used for understanding species distribution in three-dimensional environments, political ecologists are investigating the ocean as a common property resource in which multiple users’ agendas portend conflict and cooperation, and cultural geographers are examining how the ocean is constructed as a distinct space with its own social meanings and “seascapes.” Despite (or perhaps because of ) this expansion in coastal-marine geography, the subdiscipline remains fragmented into what we here call “Coastal Physical Geography,” “Marine Physical Geography,” and “Coastal-Marine Human Geography.”