Dissertations / Theses: 'Three-dimensional imaging in medicine'

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Pao, Tsang-Long. "Ultrasonic tapered phased arrays for three-dimensional imaging." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13541.

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Gomersall, William Henry. "Deconvolution of three-dimensional medical ultrasound." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609431.

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Hazey, Michael A. "Sensitivity comparison evaluation of computer-generated three dimensional surface topography to conventional maxillofacial radiographic imagery." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4481.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 220 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).

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Barry, Sarah Jane Elizabeth. "Longitudinal analysis of three-dimensional facial shape data." Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/190/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Gibson, Christopher John. "Three dimensional display of tomographic images using shaded surfaces." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6436/.

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Several medical imaging techniques are capable of producing tomographic images, corresponding to cross-sections through the body. A stack of adjacent sections contains three dimensional information about the organs of interest, and this can be presented on a two dimensional screen using shaded surface techniques. In order to facilitate the routine use of such images, algorithms and techniques were developed on a conventional medical imaging computer system in a hospital environment. Several object representation schemes were compared, and two new schemes were devised. The 'solid binary object' technique facilitated exploration of the interior of an object, while the 'ordered surface list' technique enabled real time display of object surfaces. Several shading algorithms were compared, and a local polynomial fitting routine was devised. This was found to be superior to other methods using objective evaluation of the accuracy of surface normal estimations, and subjective evaluation of the corresponding image appearance. The techniques developed were applied to a variety of data obtained using xray computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and emission computed tomography. For display of myocardial tomograms, a technique was devised for superposition of colour coded coronary arteries, showing their relationship to observed perfusion defects. For display of time varying images of the heart, a rapid display routine was developed to enable ventricular wall motion to be evaluated from any angle. Colour display techniques were also applied to this data to produce single images which incorporated kinetic as well as morphological information. The results obtained have confirmed that shaded surface images can be produced using computers currently available in hospital imaging departments. Interactive object modification and real time object display can be achieved without requiring special hardware.

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Poulsen, Carsten. "Development of a positioning system for 3D ultrasound." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-101805-180813/.

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Quartararo, John David. "Semi-automated segmentation of 3D medical ultrasound images." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020509-161314/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: 3d ultrasound; ultrasound; image processing; image segmentation; 3d image segmentation; medical imaging Includes bibliographical references (p.142-148).

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Goldsmith, Abraham Myron. "An inertial-optical tracking system for quantitative, freehand, 3D ultrasound." Worcester, Mass. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-011609-133509/.

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Yang, Fang, and 杨芳. "Application of three-dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196083.

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Three-dimensional (3D) sonography is regarded as a further development of ultrasound imaging technology and its application has greatly increased in recent years. This thesis summarizes the original research findings of the application of 3D ultrasonography for biometry measurement, morphology screening, prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities, ultrasound training and the application of 3D volumetry in the early diagnosis of homozygous α-thalassemia and birth weight prediction in term pregnancy. In a study involving 50 singleton pregnancies at 17-34 weeks' gestation, fetal biometric measurements obtained by an inexperienced operator using both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound were reproducible and showed good agreement with those obtained by an experienced operator (all intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.991). The use of 3D ultrasound by an inexperienced operator allowed faster measurement of fetal biometric parameters than the use of 2D ultrasound, and also seemed to facilitate the acquisition of higher-quality images for the measurement of abdominal circumference. In basic central nervous system and cardiac screening examination, for the inexperienced operator, 3D/four-dimensional(4D) volume acquisition yielded a quicker but less optimal anatomic examination of the fetal central nervous system and heart structures compared to 2D. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasonography in central nervous system abnormalities was also investigated. The results illustrated that 3D agreed with 2D ultrasonography in the prenatal diagnosis of intracranial malformations. Homozygous α0-thalassemia is very common in South-east Asia and its prenatal diagnosis is essential due to increased fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Placental volume/CRL quotient measured by 3D volumetry was significantly higher in pregnancies with α0-thalassemia major cases, and 1.49 may be regarded as a cut-off for early prediction of α0-thalassemia major. In a cross-sectional study of 290 Hong Kong Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy at 37-42 weeks of gestation, the birth weight prediction models based on 3D thigh volume and conventional 2D biometric measurements were developed. It was found that with 3D thigh model, the precision of birth weight prediction to within 5 and 10% of actual birth weight in a Chinese population at term gestation could be achieved. Previous studies have shown that there is a difference in the learning curve of fetal biometry measurement by 2D ultrasound among trainees. Whether there is any difference in the learning curve between 2D and 3D ultrasound is unknown. The study included three trainees and each of them performed 90 scans in biometry measurements. By using cumulative sum analysis graphs, it could be shown that there was no difference in the learning curve between 2D and 3D ultrasound. In conclusion, the above studies have demonstrated that the use of 3D ultrasound has diversified and provided much additional information in selected indications.
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Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Jong, Jing-Ming. "Organ volume estimation from magnetic sensor based 3D ultrasound data : application in gastric emptying /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6003.

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Burton, Hanna Elisabeth. "Characterisation of coronary arteries : mechanical testing and three-dimensional imaging." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7967/.

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Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the UK. The studies in this thesis aim to influence the design of new biomaterials and medical devices used to treat coronary artery disease through the characterisation of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries. The mechanical properties of arteries were quantified using dynamic mechanical analysis, at physiological relevant frequencies. The surface roughness of porcine LAD coronary arteries was quantitatively measured using optical, scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy at various magnifications to assess its multi-scale characteristics. Further, the effect of damage to surface roughness of biological tissue was investigated due to mechanical overloading and chemical processing, with a correction factor presented for the changes to surface roughness due to processing techniques associated with SEM. This thesis found LAD arteries to be viscoelastic, with a frequency-dependent storage moduli that does not vary along the length of the artery. Processing of tissue caused a significant increase in surface roughness, which must be considered for different microscopy techniques. The dehydration process had a greater effect on surface roughness than mechanical damage. The mechanical and surface roughness properties presented in this thesis can be specified for biomaterials to replicate natural, healthy coronary arteries.

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Backman, Ronald Bruce. "A temporal 3D-registration framework for computer-integrated surgery." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Computer Science, 1999. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0012.

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Traditionally, volumetric modalities such as CT and MRI have provided static snapshots of anatomy enabling insight into the progression of disease and to the severity of injury. Recently, 3D-registration algorithms, originating in the neurosurgical field, have been used to merge these images resulting in richer visualizations. However, in situations where trauma patients are unable to be moved or are at risk of infection, there have been comparatively few advances. This thesis presents a 3D-registration framework that supports longitudinal study of morphologic changes in surface images of the upper body based on an optical technique - structured light imaging. The framework incorporates soft-tissue deformation modeling to allow coordinate frame determination and specific point tracking required for applications of Computer-Integrated Surgery. The framework is implemented in three stages using a coarse-fine approach that separately addresses the different sources of registration error commonly found in temporal registration applications. The coarse stage defines seven thoracic fiducials that form a rigid body. A special anthropomorphic stand is designed and used to enforce a rigid body assumption. Experimental results show the fiducials to have precision of approximately 2 mm. The medium stage incorporates the novel use of ultraviolet light as a surface registration technique. UV is used to avoid error caused when the projected light stripes interfere with the marker material - a common problem with external landmarks and optical assessment systems. A semi-automatic algorithm for identifying the centre of the fiducials is given and shown to be highly accurate - to within 1 pixel precision compared to the visually assessed centre. The movement of these fiducials is also modelled at the extremes of the respiratory cycle with individual fiducials moving from 5-17 mm. A least-squares algorithm is implemented to bring surfaces together based on their fiducial locations and rigid-body motion. This algorithm results in RMS error of approximately 1.17 +/- 0.45 mm. The fine stage involves finding fixed point correspondences in changed regions between a base surface and a comparison surface acquired at a different time given the rigid body registration from the previous stages. Five algorithmic variants are assessed using two simulations of thoracic swelling. The results do not show statistical significance between variants but do indicate visually some promising results. An application of this framework could be the near real-time guidance of the FAROArm, a precision measuring instrument commonly used in Computer-Integrated Surgery, to these points. This would facilitate the collection of functional information of clinical interest while maintaining positional congruence with data acquired at a different time point.

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Lassige, Timothy A. "Comparison of septal defects in 2-D and 3-D echocardiography using active contour models." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13839.

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Simpson, David Elliott. "Maximum entropy image processing in two and three dimensional single photon nuclear medicine imaging." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259973.

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Jayaratne, Yasas Shri Nalaka. "Three-dimensional assessment of facial deformities and their surgical outcomes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210236.

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Data on the three?dimensional (3?D) morphology of normal faces and facial deformities as well as objective techniques for evaluating postoperative changes are currently unavailable. With the advent of stereophotography and cone?beam CT (CBCT), it is possible to acquire 3?D images of soft and hard tissues of the maxillofacial complex. A series of studies were conducted aimed at 1) establishing 3?D facial anthropometric norms for Hong Kong young adults, 2) determining 3?D facial anthropometric features in skeletal Class II and III deformities, 3) characterizing the oropharyngeal space in Class II and III skeletal deformities, 4) exploring clinical applications of 3?D colour maps, 5) establishing a non?invasive technique for estimating serial volume changes and 6) creating virtual craniofacial models by fusing 3?D photographs and CBCT images. Study 1: A stereophotographic system was used to capture 3?D images of 103 Hong Kong Chinese young adults with normal balanced faces. An anthropometric analysis protocol with linear, angular and proportional measurements was developed to establish a normative database and quantify dysmorphology. The Hong Kong Chinese norms were distinct from Caucasians, especially with regard to ocular and nasal measurements. Facial height and nasolabial measurements differed significantly between Hong Kong males and females. Study 2: Anthropometric analyses of 3?D facial images from 41 skeletal Class II and 43 Class III subjects were performed. The Class II subjects had increased lower facial height compared with Class III, who had longer total facial heights and narrower faces. While Class II deformity primarily resulted from mandibular deficiency with a normal maxilla, Class III presented as combined midfacial hypoplasia and mandibular hyperplasia. Study 3: Anthropometric characteristics of the oropharygeal space in skeletal Class II and III were evaluated using 62 CBCT scans. The retroglossal (RG) and retropalatal (RP) volumes and average cross sectional areas were significantly larger in Class III than Class II skeletal deformity. The RP compartment was larger but less uniform than the RG compartment in both Classes. Study 4: 3?D photographs or CBCT images acquired at two different time points were superimposed using a common unaffected area. 3?D colour maps were generated depicting distance differences between superimposed images in a graphical format. These maps were used as an objective tool for treatment planning and assessing outcomes after orthognathic surgery, bimaxillary distraction and facial trauma. Study 5: 3?D photogrammetry was employed for planning soft tissue expansion (STE) and transplantation of a vascularised scapular flap in hemifacial microsomia. This technique facilitated the identification of extent and degree of tissue deficiency, selection of the appropriate tissue expander, monitoring volumetric changes during STE and estimation of the free flap dimensions. Study 6: 3?D facial photographs and CBCT scans of 29 subjects were merged to create virtual craniofacial models with natural surface texture. Accuracy was assessed with 3?D colour maps and Root Mean Square (RMS) error. The CBCT and 3?D photographic data were integrated while minimizing average RMS error to 0.441mm. These virtual composite craniofacial models permitted concurrent 3?D assessment of bone and soft tissue.
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Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Sechopoulos, Ioannis. "Investigation of physical processes in digital x-ray tomosynthesis imaging of the breast." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22589.

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Wong, Yuk Lam. "Optical tracking for medical diagnosis based on active stereo vision /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202006%20WONGY.

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Chan, Balwin Man Hong. "A miniaturized 3-D endoscopic system using active stereo-vision /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20CHANB.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-108). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Cheng, Xuefeng. "Development of diffuse optical tomography for imaging the brain /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2000.
Adviser: David A. Boas. Submitted to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-147). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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Chen, Min. "Application of ultrasonography in early pregnancy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36603314.

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關福延 and Folk-year Kwan. "An intelligent approach to automatic medical model reconstruction fromserial planar CT images." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243216.

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Hinshaw, Kevin P. "Seeing structure : using knowledge to reconstruct and illustrate anatomy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6882.

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Manasas, Mark A. "An Automated System for Design and Analysis of Total Hip Implants: A Method of Modeling the Proximal Endosteal Canal Using 3-D CT Data." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1326.

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The clinical success of Total Hip Arthroplasty is enhanced by matching hip implant geometry to femoral geometry. Traditionally, the shapes of hip implant designs have been based on data collected from patient populations using X-ray, CT Scan, digitized sliced bone, and other physical methods. The morphology of interest and the frame of reference often vary across researchers and the resulting numeric data are difficult to use in a Computer Aided Design package to build an implant model. This goal of this thesis was to develop procedures and automated programs for the design and evaluation of femoral hip implants using CT data. The procedures bridge the gap between patient specific "custom" prosthesis design and the so-called "averaged femur" implant designs. By automating the measurement, orientation and averaging of any user selected grouping of femora, these programs allow construction of an average femur template for small subsets of a population or populations. The programs allow grouping of femora using either dimensional attributes and/or patient attributes such as pathology, ethnic background, etc. The average femur template created for each group can then be used as the design boundary for a discrete implant size. Additional functionality is also provided for comparing average femur templates to their constitutive femora and for comparison of average femur templates against each other. To illustrate that the goals of this theses were realized, an example of the use of the system for a population of 192 Japanese is included in this thesis. The criteria for evaluation of the average femur templates was the gap or interference of the template to that of each constitutive femur along the medial and lateral endosteal contours. Testing 24 template sizes, the average of the worst fitting template to femur combination for each size resulted in a gap or interference of less than 2mm in the metaphysis and less than 4mm proximally.

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Chan, Ho-Ming. "A supervised learning framework for multi-modal rigid registration with applications to angiographic images /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20CHAN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Chan, Ming-Yuen. "Transfer function design and view selection for angiographic visualization /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202006%20CHAN.

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Cooter, Rodney D. "Craniofacial fracture patterns : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Medicine /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdc779.pdf.

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Yuk, Jongtae. "Hemorrhage and aortic aneurysm detection in the abdomen using 3D ultrasound imaging /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5882.

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Baum, Karl G. "Multimodal breast imaging : registration, visualization, and image synthesis /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7063.

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Lam, Steve Troluong. "Analysis tools for brachytheraphy seed reconstruction /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6027.

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Prasai, Persis. "Multimodality image registration." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/prasai.pdf.

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31

Chen, Min, and 陳敏. "Application of ultrasonography in early pregnancy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36603314.

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Kang, Xin, and 康欣. "Feature-based 2D-3D registration and 3D reconstruction from a limited number of images via statistical inference for image-guidedinterventions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079625.

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Traditional open interventions have been progressively replaced with minimally invasive techniques. Most notably, direct visual feedback is transitioned into indirect, image-based feedback, leading to the wide use of image-guided interventions (IGIs). One essential process of all IGIs is to align some 3D data with 2D images of patient through a procedure called 3D-2D registration during interventions to provide better guidance and richer information. When the 3D data is unavailable, a realistic 3D patient-speci_c model needs to be constructed from a few 2D images. The dominating methods that use only image intensity have narrow convergence range and are not robust to foreign objects presented in 2D images but not existed in 3D data. Feature-based methods partly addressed these problems, but most of them heavily rely on a set of \best" paired correspondences and requires clean image features. Moreover, the optimization procedures used in both kinds of methods are not e_cient. In this dissertation, two topics have been studied and novel algorithms proposed, namely, contour extraction from X-ray images and feature-based rigid/deformable 3D-2D registration. Inspired by biological and neuropsychological characteristics of primary visual cortex (V1), a contour detector is proposed for simultaneously extracting edges and lines in images. The synergy of V1 neurons is mimicked using phase congruency and tensor voting. Evaluations and comparisons showed that the proposed method outperformed several commonly used methods and the results are consistent with human perception. Moreover, the cumbersome \_ne-tuning" of parameter values is not always necessary in the proposed method. An extensible feature-based 3D-2D registration framework is proposed by rigorously formulating the registration as a probability density estimation problem and solving it via a generalized expectation maximization algorithm. It optimizes the transformation directly and treats correspondences as nuisance parameters. This is signi_cantly di_erent from almost all feature-based method in the literature that _rst single out a set of \best" correspondences and then estimate a transformation associated with it. This property makes the proposed algorithm not rely on paired correspondences and thus inherently robust to outliers. The framework can be adapted as a point-based method with the major advantages of 1) independency on paired correspondences, 2) accurate registration using a single image, and 3) robustness to the initialization and a large amount of outliers. Extended to a contour-based method, it di_ers from other contour-based methods mainly in that 1) it does not rely on correspondences and 2) it incorporates gradient information via a statistical model instead of a weighting function. Tuning into model-based deformable registration and surface reconstruction, our method solves the problem using the maximum penalized likelihood estimation. Unlike almost all other methods that handle the registration and deformation separately and optimized them sequentially, our method optimizes them simultaneously. The framework was evaluated in two example clinical applications and a simulation study for point-based, contour-based and surface reconstruction, respectively. Experiments showed its sub-degree and sub-millimeter registration accuracy and superiority to the state-of-the-art methods. It is expected that our algorithms, when thoroughly validated, can be used as valuable tools for image-guided interventions.
published_or_final_version
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Goldsmith, Abraham Myron. "An Inertial-Optical Tracking System for Quantitative, Freehand, 3D Ultrasound." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/107.

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Three dimensional (3D) ultrasound has become an increasingly popular medical imaging tool over the last decade. It offers significant advantages over Two Dimensional (2D) ultrasound, such as improved accuracy, the ability to display image planes that are physically impossible with 2D ultrasound, and reduced dependence on the skill of the sonographer. Among 3D medical imaging techniques, ultrasound is the only one portable enough to be used by first responders, on the battlefield, and in rural areas. There are three basic methods of acquiring 3D ultrasound images. In the first method, a 2D array transducer is used to capture a 3D volume directly, using electronic beam steering. This method is mainly used for echocardiography. In the second method, a linear array transducer is mechanically actuated, giving a slower and less expensive alternative to the 2D array. The third method uses a linear array transducer that is moved by hand. This method is known as freehand 3D ultrasound. Whether using a 2D array or a mechanically actuated linear array transducer, the position and orientation of each image is known ahead of time. This is not the case for freehand scanning. To reconstruct a 3D volume from a series of 2D ultrasound images, assumptions must be made about the position and orientation of each image, or a mechanism for detecting the position and orientation of each image must be employed. The most widely used method for freehand 3D imaging relies on the assumption that the probe moves along a straight path with constant orientation and speed. This method requires considerable skill on the part of the sonographer. Another technique uses features within the images themselves to form an estimate of each image's relative location. However, these techniques are not well accepted for diagnostic use because they are not always reliable. The final method for acquiring position and orientation information is to use a six Degree-of-Freedom (6 DoF) tracking system. Commercially available 6 DoF tracking systems use magnetic fields, ultrasonic ranging, or optical tracking to measure the position and orientation of a target. Although accurate, all of these systems have fundamental limitations in that they are relatively expensive and they all require sensors or transmitters to be placed in fixed locations to provide a fixed frame of reference. The goal of the work presented here is to create a probe tracking system for freehand 3D ultrasound that does not rely on any fixed frame of reference. This system tracks the ultrasound probe using only sensors integrated into the probe itself. The advantages of such a system are that it requires no setup before it can be used, it is more portable because no extra equipment is required, it is immune from environmental interference, and it is less expensive than external tracking systems. An ideal tracking system for freehand 3D ultrasound would track in all 6 DoF. However, current sensor technology limits this system to five. Linear transducer motion along the skin surface is tracked optically and transducer orientation is tracked using MEMS gyroscopes. An optical tracking system was developed around an optical mouse sensor to provide linear position information by tracking the skin surface. Two versions were evaluated. One included an optical fiber bundle and the other did not. The purpose of the optical fiber is to allow the system to integrate more easily into existing probes by allowing the sensor and electronics to be mounted away from the scanning end of the probe. Each version was optimized to track features on the skin surface while providing adequate Depth Of Field (DOF) to accept variation in the height of the skin surface. Orientation information is acquired using a 3 axis MEMS gyroscope. The sensor was thoroughly characterized to quantify performance in terms of accuracy and drift. This data provided a basis for estimating the achievable 3D reconstruction accuracy of the complete system. Electrical and mechanical components were designed to attach the sensor to the ultrasound probe in such a way as to simulate its being embedded in the probe itself. An embedded system was developed to perform the processing necessary to translate the sensor data into probe position and orientation estimates in real time. The system utilizes a Microblaze soft core microprocessor and a set of peripheral devices implemented in a Xilinx Spartan 3E field programmable gate array. The Xilinx Microkernel real time operating system performs essential system management tasks and provides a stable software platform for implementation of the inertial tracking algorithm. Stradwin 3D ultrasound software was used to provide a user interface and perform the actual 3D volume reconstruction. Stradwin retrieves 2D ultrasound images from the Terason t3000 portable ultrasound system and communicates with the tracking system to gather position and orientation data. The 3D reconstruction is generated and displayed on the screen of the PC in real time. Stradwin also provides essential system features such as storage and retrieval of data, 3D data interaction, reslicing, manual 3D segmentation, and volume calculation for segmented regions. The 3D reconstruction performance of the system was evaluated by freehand scanning a cylindrical inclusion in a CIRS model 044 ultrasound phantom. Five different motion profiles were used and each profile was repeated 10 times. This entire test regimen was performed twice, once with the optical tracking system using the optical fiber bundle, and once with the optical tracking system without the optical fiber bundle. 3D reconstructions were performed with and without the position and orientation data to provide a basis for comparison. Volume error and surface error were used as the performance metrics. Volume error ranged from 1.3% to 5.3% with tracking information versus 15.6% to 21.9% without for the version of the system without the optical fiber bundle. Volume error ranged from 3.7% to 7.6% with tracking information versus 8.7% to 13.7% without for the version of the system with the optical fiber bundle. Surface error ranged from 0.319 mm RMS to 0.462 mm RMS with tracking information versus 0.678 mm RMS to 1.261 mm RMS without for the version of the system without the optical fiber bundle. Surface error ranged from 0.326 mm RMS to 0.774 mm RMS with tracking information versus 0.538 mm RMS to 1.657 mm RMS without for the version of the system with the optical fiber bundle. The prototype tracking system successfully demonstrated that accurate 3D ultrasound volumes can be generated from 2D freehand data using only sensors integrated into the ultrasound probe. One serious shortcoming of this system is that it only tracks 5 of the 6 degrees of freedom required to perform complete 3D reconstructions. The optical system provides information about linear movement but because it tracks a surface, it cannot measure vertical displacement. Overcoming this limitation is the most obvious candidate for future research using this system. The overall tracking platform, meaning the embedded tracking computer and the PC software, developed and integrated in this work, is ready to take advantage of vertical displacement data, should a method be developed for sensing it.

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Law, Kwok-wai Albert, and 羅國偉. "3D reconstruction of coronary artery and brain tumor from 2D medical images." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245572.

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Icenogle, David A. "Development of virtual mitral valve leaflet models from three-dimensional echocardiography." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48994.

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Mitral valve (MV) disease is responsible for approximately 2,581 deaths and 41,000 hospital discharges each year in the US. Mitral regurgitation (MR), retrograde blood from through the MV, is often an indicator of MV disease. Surgical repair of MVs is preferred over replacement, as it is correlated with better patient quality of life. However, replacement rates are still near 40% because MV surgical repair expertise is not spread across all hospitals. In addition, 15-80% of surgical repair patients have recurrent MR within 10 years. Quantitative patient-specific models could aid these issues by providing less experienced surgeons with additional information before surgery and a quantitative map of patient valve changes after surgery. Real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) can provide high quality 3D images of MVs and has been used to generate quantitative models previously. However, there is not currently an efficient, dynamic, and validated method that is fast enough to use in common practice. To fill this need, a tool to generate quantitative 3D models of mitral valve leaflets from RT3DE in an efficient manner was created. Then an in vitro echocardiography correction scheme was devised and a dynamic, in vitro validation of the tool was performed. The tool demonstrated that it could generate dynamic, complex MV geometry accurately and more efficiently than current methods available. In addition, the ability for mesh interpolation techniques to reduce segmentation time was demonstrated. The tool generated by this study provides a method to quickly and accurately generate MV geometry that could be applied to dynamic patient specific geometry to aid surgical decisions and track patient geometry changes after surgery.

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36

Narayanan, Sreeram. "Rapid 3d seed reconstruction from incomplete data sets for image guided prostate brachytherapy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5825.

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Hood, Catherine Anne. "Three-dimensional assessment of facial morphology in infants with cleft lip and palate." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/735/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2005.
Includes articles from journals: International journal of paediatric dentistry, vol. 13, 2003, pp. 404-410 ; Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, vol. 41, no. 1, 2004 ; Cleft palate-craniofacial journal vol. 40, no. 5, 2003. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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38

Scott, Dion Hamish. "Development of a dynamic 3D imaging system for vascular networks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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39

Kim, Jong Jin. "Temporal and spatial correspondence of intramural rotors and epicardial breakthrough patterns during ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in the swine heart." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/kim.pdf.

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40

Fan, Li. "3D reconstruction and deformation analysis from medical image sequences with applications in left ventricle and lung /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999280.

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41

Pinnamaneni, Pujita. "Wavelet-based volume rendering." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04032003-160411.

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42

Lee, Thomas Seward. "Software-based gradient nonlinearity distortion correction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3180.

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The primary purpose of the thesis is to discuss the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in functional proton radiosurgery. The methods presented in this thesis were specifically designed to correct gradient nonlinearity distortion, the single greatest hurdle that limits the deployment of MRI-based functional proton radiosurgery systems. The new system central in the thesis fully utilized MRI to provide localization of anatomical targets with submillimeter accuracy. The thesis provides analysis and solutions to the problems related to gradient nonlinearity distortion. The characteristics of proton radiosurgery are introduced, in addition to a discussion of its advantages over other current methods of radiation oncology. A historical background for proton radiosurgery is also presented, along with a description of its implementation at Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC), where a new system for functional proton radiosurgery has been proposed and is currently under development.

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43

Wang, Xiaoting, and 王筱婷. "Topological analysis and visualization of micro structure of trabecular bone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31228380.

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Rocha, Kelvin Raymond. "A variational approach for viewpoint-based visibility maximization." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24816.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Allen R. Tannenbaum; Committee Member: Anthony J. Yezzi; Committee Member: Gregory Turk; Committee Member: Joel R. Jackson; Committee Member: Patricio A. Vela

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45

Xie, Kai, and 謝凱. "Volume quantification and visualization for spinal bone cement injection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29807578.

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46

Nain, Delphine. "Scale-based decomposable shape representations for medical image segmentation and shape analysis." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11192006-184858/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Aaron Bobick, Committee Chair ; Allen Tannenbaum, Committee Co-Chair ; Greg Turk, Committee Member ; Steven Haker, Committee Member ; W. Eric. L. Grimson, Committee Member.

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47

Quartararo, John David. "Semi-Automated Segmentation of 3D Medical Ultrasound Images." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/155.

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A level set-based segmentation procedure has been implemented to identify target object boundaries from 3D medical ultrasound images. Several test images (simulated, scanned phantoms, clinical) were subjected to various preprocessing methods and segmented. Two metrics of segmentation accuracy were used to compare the segmentation results to ground truth models and determine which preprocessing methods resulted in the best segmentations. It was found that by using an anisotropic diffusion filtering method to reduce speckle type noise with a 3D active contour segmentation routine using the level set method resulted in semi-automated segmentation on par with medical doctors hand-outlining the same images.

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48

Huang, Wei. "Automatic affine and elastic registration strategies for multi-dimensional medical images." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050207-145713/.

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49

Abbott, Amanda Helen. "The acquisition and analysis of craniofacial data in three dimensions /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha131.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, 1990.
Typescript (Photocopy). A stereo-viewer is provided ... to facilitate fusing of the three dimensional CT reconstructions and the stereo wire frame models--Pref. v. 2. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [244]-263).

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Kim, Byoungjin. "Intracellular metabolism of cancer cells and drug delivery using gold nanoparticles in an in vitro 3D tumor model." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3359901/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Three-dimensional imaging in medicine'

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