Journal articles: 'Three-dimensional display systems'

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McKenna, Michael, and David Zeltzer. "Three Dimensional Visual Display Systems for Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1, no. 4 (January 1992): 421–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421.

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This paper surveys three-dimensional (3D) visual display technology as it relates to realtime, interactive systems—or virtual environment systems. Five major 3D display types are examined: stereoscopic, lenticular, parallax barrier, slice-stacking, and holographic displays. The major characteristics of each display type are examined, i.e. spatial resolution, depth resolution, field of view, viewing zone, bandwidth, etc. In addition, the corresponding parameters of the human visual systems are described. The different display systems, as well as the human visual system, are compared in tabular form.

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Qin, Damin, Mamoru Takamatsu, and Yoshio Nakashima. "Binocular Disparity Limit in Three-dimensional Display Systems." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 126, no. 6 (2006): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.126.513.

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Isono, Haruo. "II. Three-dimensional Image Display Systems and Equipments." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 112, no. 5 (1992): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.112.5_278.

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Helseth, L. E. "Optical transfer function of three-dimensional display systems." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.23.000816.

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Moura-Coelho, Nuno, José Henriques, João Nascimento, and Marco Dutra-Medeiros. "Three-dimensional Display Systems in Ophthalmic Surgery – A Review." European Ophthalmic Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2019.13.1.31.

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Kim, Seung-Cheol, and Eun-Soo Kim. "Performance analysis of stereoscopic three-dimensional projection display systems." 3D Research 1, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3dres.01(2010)1.

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Kang, Dongwoo, Jin-Ho Choi, and Hyoseok Hwang. "Autostereoscopic 3D Display System for 3D Medical Images." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094288.

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Recent advances in autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display systems have led to innovations in consumer electronics and vehicle systems (e.g., head-up displays). However, medical images with stereoscopic depth provided by 3D displays have yet to be developed sufficiently for widespread adoption in diagnostics. Indeed, many stereoscopic 3D displays necessitate special 3D glasses that are unsuitable for clinical environments. This paper proposes a novel glasses-free 3D autostereoscopic display system based on an eye tracking algorithm and explores its viability as a 3D navigator for cardiac computed tomography (CT) images. The proposed method uses a slit-barrier with a backlight unit, which is combined with an eye tracking method that exploits multiple machine learning techniques to display 3D images. To obtain high-quality 3D images with minimal crosstalk, the light field 3D directional subpixel rendering method combined with the eye tracking module is applied using a user’s 3D eye positions. Three-dimensional coronary CT angiography images were volume rendered to investigate the performance of the autostereoscopic 3D display systems. The proposed system was trialed by expert readers, who identified key artery structures faster than with a conventional two-dimensional display without reporting any discomfort or 3D fatigue. With the proposed autostereoscopic 3D display systems, the 3D medical image navigator system has the potential to facilitate faster diagnoses with improved accuracy.

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PHILLIPSON, PAUL E., and PETER SCHUSTER. "BIFURCATION DYNAMICS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 10, no. 08 (August 2000): 1787–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127400001122.

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Oscillations described by autonomous three-dimensional differential equations display multiple periodicities and chaos at critical parameter values. Regardless of the subsequent scenario the key instability is often an initial bifurcation from a single period oscillation to either its subharmonic of period two, or a symmetry breaking bifurcation. A generalized third-order nonlinear differential equation is developed which embraces the dynamics vicinal to these bifurcation events. Subsequently, an asymptotic averaging formalism is applied which permits an analytic development of the bifurcation dynamics, and, within quantifiable limits, prediction of the instability of the period one orbit in terms of the system control parameters. Illustrative applications of the general formalism, are made to the Rössler equations, Lorenz equations, three-dimensional replicator equations and Chua's circuit equations. The results provide the basis for discussion of the class of systems which fall within the framework of the formalism.

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Bennett, Christopher B. "FRAME3D: Interactive, three-dimensional display of earthquake hypocenters." Computers & Geosciences 11, no. 2 (January 1985): 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(85)90010-x.

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Zehner, Gregory F. "Three-Dimensional Summarization of Face Shape." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 3 (September 1986): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000302.

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This paper describes the first year's progress in a three–year U.S. Air Force research project aimed at defining and summarizing the shape of the human face. These types of data are needed to enhance the fit and performance of protective equipment designed for the human body. Described are three–dimensional laser measuring systems, subject alignment and coordinate reference systems, angular statistical methods for summarizing points in space, principal component analysis of head cross sections, and data display and computer graphics development.

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Gao, Hongyue, Jicheng Liu, Xinge Fu, Jinxuan Hu, Hailei Zhu, Yaguang Xu, Huimin Liu, et al. "49‐1: Invited Paper: “Optical Clone” Holographic Three‐dimensional Video‐rate Display." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (April 2024): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17102.

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“Optical clone” represents an advanced conceptualization of traditional holography, transcending the dichotomy between reality and virtuality by replicating authentic three‐dimensional optical images for display purposes. Holographic true threedimensional display technology is thus acknowledged globally as a pinnacle future display modality. The systems demonstrated in this paper are flat‐panel "optical clone" holographic true threedimensional display and the space floating holographic threedimensional display system, which surmounted the significant challenge of substituting dual‐beam coupling with single‐beam direct writing in hologram inscription systems, paving the way for compatibility with existing two‐dimensional display technologies.

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Lin, Chiuhsiang Joe, Chih-Feng Cheng, Hung-Jen Chen, and Kuan-Ying Wu. "Training Performance of Laparoscopic Surgery in Two- and Three-Dimensional Displays." Surgical Innovation 24, no. 2 (February 12, 2017): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350617692638.

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Introduction. This research investigated differences in the effects of a state-of-art stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3D) display and a traditional 2-dimensional (2D) display in simulated laparoscopic surgery over a longer duration than in previous publications and studied the learning effects of the 2 display systems on novices. Methods. A randomized experiment with 2 factors, image dimensions and image sequence, was conducted to investigate differences in the mean movement time, the mean error frequency, NASA-TLX cognitive workload, and visual fatigue in pegboard and circle-tracing tasks. Results. The stereoscopic 3D display had advantages in mean movement time ( P < .001 and P = .002) and mean error frequency ( P = .010 and P = .008) in both the tasks. There were no significant differences in the objective visual fatigue ( P = .729 and P = .422) and in the NASA-TLX ( P = .605 and P = .937) cognitive workload between the 3D and the 2D displays on both the tasks. For the learning effect, participants who used the stereoscopic 3D display first had shorter mean movement time in the 2D display environment on both the pegboard ( P = .011) and the circle-tracing ( P = .017) tasks. Conclusions. The results of this research suggest that a stereoscopic system would not result in higher objective visual fatigue and cognitive workload than a 2D system, and it might reduce the performance time and increase the precision of surgical operations. In addition, learning efficiency of the stereoscopic system on the novices in this study demonstrated its value for training and education in laparoscopic surgery.

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Gao, Hongyue, Fan Xu, Jicheng Liu, Zehang Dai, Wen Zhou, Suna Li, Yingjie Yu, and Huadong Zheng. "Holographic Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Display Based on 4K-Spatial Light Modulators." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061182.

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In this paper, we propose a holographic three-dimensional (3D) head-mounted display based on 4K-spatial light modulators (SLMs). This work is to overcome the limitation of stereoscopic 3D virtual reality and augmented reality head-mounted display. We build and compare two systems using 2K and 4K SLMs with pixel pitches 8.1 μm and 3.74 μm, respectively. One is a monocular system for each eye, and the other is a binocular system using two tiled SLMs for two eyes. The viewing angle of the holographic head-mounted 3D display is enlarged from 3.8 ∘ to 16.4 ∘ by SLM tiling, which demonstrates potential applications of true 3D displays in virtual reality and augmented reality.

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Kapralos, B., M. R. Jenkin, and E. Milios. "Virtual Audio Systems." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 17, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.17.6.527.

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To be immersed in a virtual environment, the user must be presented with plausible sensory input including auditory cues. A virtual (three-dimensional) audio display aims to allow the user to perceive the position of a sound source at an arbitrary position in three-dimensional space despite the fact that the generated sound may be emanating from a fixed number of loudspeakers at fixed positions in space or a pair of headphones. The foundation of virtual audio rests on the development of technology to present auditory signals to the listener's ears so that these signals are perceptually equivalent to those the listener would receive in the environment being simulated. This paper reviews the human perceptual and technical literature relevant to the modeling and generation of accurate audio displays for virtual environments. Approaches to acoustical environment simulation are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are presented.

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Takaki, Yasuhiro. "Three-dimensional Display Using Modified Two-dimensionally Aligned Multiple Telecentric Optical Systems." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 57, no. 2 (2003): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.57.293.

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Pan, Yijie, Juan Liu, Xin Li, and Yongtian Wang. "A Review of Dynamic Holographic Three-Dimensional Display: Algorithms, Devices, and Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 12, no. 4 (August 2016): 1599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2496304.

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Madhu, Aravind P., C. Akhil Balu, Akshay Krishnan, Adithya Aravind, Jibin Noble, and Vishnu Sankar. "Design of 3D volumetric display." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012204.

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Abstract Stereoscopic, or multi-view, display systems that can give significant visual clues for the human brain to understand three-dimensional (3D) objects, they are regarded as better alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) displays. A device that can render 3D images for viewers without the use of specific headgear or glasses is known as an auto-stereoscopic display. Manipulation of light rays via Light engines is also used to create 3D images in 3D space. We introduce a new auto-stereoscopic swept-volume display (SVD) system based on light-emitting diode (LED) arrays in this research. A display device plus a graphics control sub-system makes up this system. The display device is a 2D revolving panel of LEDs that generates 3D images using “persistence of vision”.

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Gopher, Daniel, Ruth Kimchi, F. Jacob Seagull, Irit Catz, and Ori Trainin. "Flying with Dichoptic Displays: The Interplay between Display Characteristics and Attention Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 18 (October 1992): 1469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601823.

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Interest in the study of attention control under dichoptic conditions is instigated by the contemporary development of night-vision systems based on single-eye helmet-mounted displays. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the concurrent performance of a tracking task and letter classification under dichoptic display conditions. Subjects were required to fly a simulated helicopter path while classifying letter pairs presented intermittently. Experimental instructions in Experiment A specifically emphasized a two-dimensional interpretation of the visual field. Under these instructions, the presentation of a common visual axis to the two eyes provided by the flight-tunnel did not aid subjects, and their performance deteriorated in dichoptic conditions. In Experiment B, the instructions to subjects were changed to advocate a three-dimensional interpretation of the display. Under these instructions, dichoptic performance-levels were substantially improved when the tunnel was present. These results imply that the presence of a common visual axis is not automatically beneficial. In order to improve performance, attention should be intentionally directed to utilize information supporting a three-dimensional frame of mind. These findings have important implications for understanding the dynamics of performance with single-eye helmet-mounted displays, and the training of pilots in their use.

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Harrington, Thomas L., and Denise Quon. "A Method of Stereoptically Simulating Manifolds of Three-Dimensional Objects Using Only a Single Display Pattern: A Shape-Depth-Texture Invariance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1163.

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A means of conceptualizing and generating visual displays that are “self-stereoptic manifolds” is described. First, single patterns that can replace pairs of stereograms to produce illusions of depth are defined and an example is shown. Patterns such as these produce illusory three-dimensional objects hanging in space before or behind the display surface. It is further demonstrated geometrically that such a display actually has three-dimensional information embedded in it peculiar to each of a family, or manifold, of objects that can be experienced one at a time. Each object of the family appears when the viewer looks in space where it “exists.” The others remain invisible unless their locations are fixated. If any member of a specific manifold of three-dimensional illusory objects is physically duplicated as a real object and textured in the same way that the illusory object appeared to be, then this new real object will, in turn, generate an illusion of each of the other objects of the manifold when the observer fixates in space where each “exists.” Also, if then the viewer looks where the original display previously was, the newly constructed object will disappear and the display will reappear. The geometry and the advantages and disadvantages in relation to a stereoptic pair are discussed.

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Barnes, David G., Christopher J. Fluke, Paul D. Bourke, and Owen T. Parry. "An Advanced, Three-Dimensional Plotting Library for Astronomy." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 23, no. 2 (2006): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as06009.

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AbstractWe present a new, three-dimensional (3D) plotting library with advanced features, and support for standard and enhanced display devices. The library — s2plot — is written in c and can be used by c, c++, and fortran programs on GNU/Linux and Apple/OSX systems. s2plot draws objects in a 3D (x,y,z) Cartesian space and the user interactively controls how this space is rendered at run time. With a pgplot-inspired interface, s2plot provides astronomers with elegant techniques for displaying and exploring 3D data sets directly from their program code, and the potential to use stereoscopic and dome display devices. The s2plot architecture supports dynamic geometry and can be used to plot time-evolving data sets, such as might be produced by simulation codes. In this paper, we introduce s2plot to the astronomical community, describe its potential applications, and present some example uses of the library.

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Ellerbroek, Joost, Mark Visser, Stijn B. J. van Dam, Max Mulder, and M. M. van Paassen. "Design of an Airborne Three-Dimensional Separation Assistance Display." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans 41, no. 5 (September 2011): 863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmca.2010.2093890.

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Kim, Sun-Je, Changhyun Kim, Youngjin Kim, Jinsoo Jeong, Seokho Choi, Woojun Han, Jaisoon Kim, and Byoungho Lee. "Dielectric Metalens: Properties and Three-Dimensional Imaging Applications." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134584.

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Recently, optical dielectric metasurfaces, ultrathin optical skins with densely arranged dielectric nanoantennas, have arisen as next-generation technologies with merits for miniaturization and functional improvement of conventional optical components. In particular, dielectric metalenses capable of optical focusing and imaging have attracted enormous attention from academic and industrial communities of optics. They can offer cutting-edge lensing functions owing to arbitrary wavefront encoding, polarization tunability, high efficiency, large diffraction angle, strong dispersion, and novel ultracompact integration methods. Based on the properties, dielectric metalenses have been applied to numerous three-dimensional imaging applications including wearable augmented or virtual reality displays with depth information, and optical sensing of three-dimensional position of object and various light properties. In this paper, we introduce the properties of optical dielectric metalenses, and review the working principles and recent advances in three-dimensional imaging applications based on them. The authors envision that the dielectric metalens and metasurface technologies could make breakthroughs for a wide range of compact optical systems for three-dimensional display and sensing.

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Calhoun, Gloria L., German Valencia, and Thomas A. Furness. "Three-Dimensional Auditory Cue Simulation for Crew Station Design/Evaluation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 12 (September 1987): 1398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703101221.

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A three-dimensional (3-D) auditory display can increase the pilot's situational awareness without requiring visual fixation. When visual acquisition is required, the directional sound can give the pilot a more rapid cue to aim the eyes or head. In order to determine the utility and performance of a 3-D auditory display for cockpit applications, a method for generating 3-D auditory cues is required for simulation. Two laboratory systems are described which create, from monaural stimuli, binaural stimuli which can be perceived as localized and stabilized in space, regardless of the listener's head position. Additionally, preliminary results of the localization performance with one approach are presented.

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Nijhawan, Romi. "‘Reversed’ Illusion with Three-Dimensional Müller-Lyer Shapes." Perception 24, no. 11 (November 1995): 1281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p241281.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Müller-Lyer illusion is produced by a mechanism which uses information defined in the retinal coordinates, or by a mechanism taking into account the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of the illusion figure. The classical Müller-Lyer figure could not be used to address this question since it is two-dimensional. Three-dimensional Müller-Lyer figures were created to see if the illusion they produce is correlated with the shape of the projected retinal image, or with the shape of these figures defined in a 3-D coordinate frame. In the experiments retinal image shape was juxtaposed against the 3-D shape of the illusion displays. For some displays the direction in which the fins pointed, relative to the shafts, in the 3-D frame was the ‘opposite’ of the direction in which they pointed in the retinal images. For such displays, the illusion predicted on the basis of the 3-D structure was the opposite of that predicted on the basis of retinal image shapes. For another 3-D display the fins were oriented such that each projected a single straight line in the retinal image, thus the typical retinal image (< >, > <) was replaced by straight lines (‖, ‖). For all the displays the observed illusion was consistent with how the fins were oriented relative to the shaft in the 3-D coordinate frame, ie with the 3-D shape of the illusion displays. The retinal image shape appeared to play little, if any, role. One conclusion that emerges is that the specific retinal image shape projected by the classical line-drawn pattern is neither necessary nor sufficient for producing the illusion. The present findings are inconsistent with two well known theories of the Müller-Lyer illusion: inappropriate constancy scaling and selective filtering.

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Strybel, Thomas Z. "Auditory Spatial Information and Head-Coupled Display Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200215.

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Developments of head-coupled control/display systems have focused primarily on the display of three dimensional visual information, as the visual system is the optimal sensory channel for the aquisition of spatial information in humans. The auditory system improves the efficiency of vision, however, by obtaining spatial information about relevant objects outside of the visual field of view. This auditory information can be used to direct head and eye movements. Head-coupled display systems, can also benefit from the addition of auditory spatial information, as it provides a natural method of signaling the location of important events outside of the visual field of view. This symposium will report on current efforts in the developments of head-coupled display systems, with an emphasis on the auditory spatial component. The first paper “Virtual Interface Environment Workstations”, by Scott S. Fisher, will report on the development of a prototype virtual environment. This environment consists of a head-mounted, wide-angle, stereoscopic display system which is controlled by operator position, voice, and gesture. With this interface, an operator can virtually explore a 360 degree synthesized environment, and viscerally interact with its components. The second paper, “A Virtual Display System For Conveying Three-Dimensional Acoustic Information” by Elizabeth M. Wenzel, Frederic L. Wightman and Scott H. Foster, will report on the development of a method of synthetically generating three-dimensional sound cues for the above-mentioned interface. The development of simulated auditory spatial cues is limited to some extent, by our knowlege of auditory spatial processing. The remaining papers will report on two areas of auditory space perception that have recieved little attention until recently. “Perception of Real and Simulated Motion in the Auditory Modality”, by Thomas Z. Strybel, will review recent research on auditory motion perception, because a natural acoustic environment must contain moving sounds. This review will consider applications of this knowledge to head-coupled display systems. The last paper, “Auditory Psychomotor Coordination”, will examine the interplay between the auditory, visual and motor systems. The specific emphasis of this paper is the use of auditory spatial information in the regulation of motor responses so as to provide efficient application of the visual channel.

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Iwane, Toru, and Marie Shoda. "Light-field camera and display as information retrieval systems for three-dimensional images." Optical Engineering 57, no. 06 (May 8, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.6.061616.

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Zhao, Zifeng, Juan Liu, Liangfa Xu, Zhiqi Zhang, and Naiqin Zhao. "Wave-optics and spatial frequency analyses of integral imaging three-dimensional display systems." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 37, no. 10 (September 21, 2020): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.397255.

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Jin, Yao, Xiaozhe Tan, Linghou Miao, Jie Zhao, Zhuoyan Song, Wenxing Yu, Binglei Xue, and Dongliang Shao. "Three-Dimensional Geographic Information System Assisted Intelligent Review of Power Grid Design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022055.

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Abstract In order to strengthen the management of the three-dimensional design review of power transmission and transformation projects, the Ministry of Infrastructure of the State Grid has successively issued the “Notice of Guiding Opinions on the Management of Preliminary Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Design of Transmission and Transformation Projects” and the “Preliminary Review Outline of Three-dimensional Design of Transmission and Transformation Projects (for Trial Implementation) )announcement of”. At present, most of the existing engineering design review systems are two-dimensional systems, which cannot visually display design results. In order to better display the results of three-dimensional design and improve review efficiency, it is necessary to apply GIS technology to the three-dimensional design of power transmission and transformation projects, and it is very necessary to develop a set of 3D GIS power transmission and transformation engineering design review system. In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method based on 3D GIS power transmission and transformation engineering design review, using 3D visualization technology to combine GIS with power transmission and transformation engineering design results to achieve visual browsing and query of 3D design models, and 3D design Achievement display,3D design results review and scoring,3D design model collision relationship calculation and other intelligent management applications.

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Andersen, George J., Myron L. Braunstein, and Asad Saidpour. "The Perception of Depth and Slant from Texture in Three-Dimensional Scenes." Perception 27, no. 9 (September 1998): 1087–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p271087.

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The perception of depth and slant in three-dimensional scenes specified by texture was investigated in five experiments. Subjects were presented with computer-generated scenes of a ground and ceiling plane receding in depth. Compression, convergence, and grid textures were examined. The effect of the presence or absence of a gap in the center of the display was also assessed. Under some conditions perceived slant and depth from compression were greater than those found with convergence. The relative effectiveness of compression in specifying surface slant was greater for surfaces closer to ground planes (80° slant) than for surfaces closer to frontal parallel planes (40° slant). The usefulness of compression was also observed with single-plane displays and with displays with surfaces oriented to reduce information regarding the horizon.

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Sun, Shuo, Jin Li, and Xiaoxun Li. "59‐1: Metasurface‐Based Holographic Display Systems." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (April 2024): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17124.

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The holographic display is based on wavefront‐based light field methods, enabling the implementation of photorealistic three‐dimensional (3D) images. Thus, it is probably the final 3D visualization technology. The creation of a high‐quality holographic display involves three fundamental components: the generation of hologram, the utilization of hologram carrier, and the implementation of optical reconstruction system. In particular, the hologram carrier directly determines the resolution and field of view (FOV) of holographic display. The spatial light modulators (SLMs), serving as a device capable of manipulating the amplitude, polarization, or phase of incident light field, constitutes the primary hologram carrier in 3D holography. However, SLMs also present challenges such as limited FOV, complex integration, and multi‐order diffraction, which impede the enhancement of holographic display performance. The utilization of metasurface comprising subwavelength nanostructures enables precise manipulation of the light field, serving as an exceptional hologram carrier with the potential to replace conventional SLMs. Here, this paper will review the current research progress of metasurface‐based holographic systems to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing status. This work focuses on two aspects (i.e., static and dynamic metasurface‐based holographic systems), highlighting the principles, techniques, and advancements.

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Young, J. S., S. R. Fox, and K. S. Anseth. "A Novel Device for Producing Three-Dimensional Objects." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832705.

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This work describes a novel device for producing three-dimensional objects that has been developed using a liquid crystal display as a programmable, dynamic mask and visible light to initiate photopolymerization. This device has the potential to produce three-dimensional objects of comparable quality to the existing commercial devices, but in significantly less time. Additionally, capital, maintenance and operating costs are expected to be substantially lower than those for laser-based systems. The reduction in time and expense could expand this technology into the realm of custom part production and further increase the accessibility and usefulness of solid freeform fabrication and rapid prototyping.

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Amer, T. S., and Sury Ravindran. "The Effect of Visual Illusions on the Graphical Display of Information." Journal of Information Systems 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2010.24.1.23.

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ABSTRACT: Graphical displays of business and accounting information are widely used as decision aids. Theoretical work in visual perception indicates graphs that exhibit certain characteristics create visual illusions that may result in biased decision making. This paper reports the results of an experiment that demonstrates how such two-dimensional and three-dimensional visual illusions cause viewers to make biased comparison judgments. The experiment also shows that these decision biases can be mitigated by including gridlines in both two- and three-dimensional graphs.

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Khundam, Chaowanan, and Frédéric Nöel. "Evaluation of Adaptive Interaction Systems for Virtual Museum Development." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.1405.

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Virtual Museum (VM) is an application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology generating realistic visualization and sensation to convince museum visitors to interact with digital content. There are many immersive VR devices that support interactive VM applications. We investigate appropriate devices for interaction within VM. We proposed a Storytelling platform to achieve device organization without modification, the story and interaction were self-adapted to the selected device. Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: a 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display and a full immersive CAVE. The results showed different performances of each system supporting VM developers to select an appropriate interaction system. The evaluation contributes to the design of content and interaction of VM development with more efficiency based on user requirements. HIGHLIGHTS Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: A 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display, and a full immersive CAVE The 2D Powerwall system with a wide range of views provides immersion. However, with two-dimensional displays, users lack depth perception Users spent more time in selection and manipulation in the 3D stereoscopic system because depth perception is added The CAVE system has user attraction or holding power, users spent more interacting time GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Wiegand, David A., Robert B. Page, and David S. Channin. "The Surgical Workstation: Surgical Planning Using Generic Software." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 3 (September 1993): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900308.

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Computer software for rendering and display of three-dimensional data is becoming readily available for all types of computers. Such programs typically accept data from any source, compute a three-dimensional volume of data, and display it with a variety of rendering options. Although not specifically designed for medical image processing, these programs can provide very detailed and finely rendered images that are useful for surgical planning. We use one such program to display data from standard computed tomography scans, which gives us a photorealistic three-dimensional view of patient anatomy. This view can be modified to render tissues transparent, translucent, or opaque, and thus allows the surgeon to selectively enhance bony architecture, tumors, or other details. Images can be rotated, sliced, and displayed in the surgical position. Image animation can be added to facilitate the display of complex anatomic relationships. Our experience with this technology suggests that such programs can provide the basis for personal surgical workstations for medical image analysis and surgical planning. Further development of such generic imaging systems should allow this useful technology to become widely available for surgical planning and education. We discuss our experience with a typical generic imaging workstation. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:434-40.)

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Daniels, Victoria, and Ian E. Gordon. "Occlusion and the Distortion of Alignment in Three-Dimensional Space." Perception 22, no. 9 (September 1993): 1037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221037.

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When observers are asked to align two rectangular stimuli oriented at 45° to the visual axis there is a slight tendency to set the more distant stimulus closer to the eye than its true coplanar position. However, when a large rectangular surface is interpolated between the two oblique stimuli and the observer, errors of alignment become relatively much larger. The displacement caused by the interpolated stimulus occurs both when the display is viewed monocularly and when it is viewed binocularly. Reducing the obliquity of the rectangles results in smaller judgment errors and increasing obliquity increases errors; this is true with and without occlusion. The addition of texture elements to the surfaces of the rectangles reduces judgment errors significantly, but only under conditions of occlusion. It is possible that misalignments recorded for three-dimensional displays have something in common with the two-dimensional Poggendorff illusion.

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Goodyer, Christopher, John Hodrien, Jason Wood, Peter Kohl, and Ken Brodlie. "Using high-resolution displays for high-resolution cardiac data." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1898 (July 13, 2009): 2667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0034.

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The ability to perform fast, accurate, high-resolution visualization is fundamental to improving our understanding of anatomical data. As the volumes of data increase from improvements in scanning technology, the methods applied to visualization must evolve. In this paper, we address the interactive display of data from high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scanning of a rabbit heart and subsequent histological imaging. We describe a visualization environment involving a tiled liquid crystal display panel display wall and associated software, which provides an interactive and intuitive user interface. The oView software is an OpenGL application that is written for the VR Juggler environment. This environment abstracts displays and devices away from the application itself, aiding portability between different systems, from desktop PCs to multi-tiled display walls. Portability between display walls has been demonstrated through its use on walls at the universities of both Leeds and Oxford. We discuss important factors to be considered for interactive two-dimensional display of large three-dimensional datasets, including the use of intuitive input devices and level of detail aspects.

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Tian, Ye, Yang Yang, Han Yang, and Ze Ji. "Model Implementation and Analysis of a True Three-dimensional Display System." Computer Systems Science and Engineering 39, no. 3 (2021): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/csse.2021.016357.

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Baştuğ, Yavuz, and Serdar Aykan. "Two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional vision during the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A matched comparison of operative and long-term functional outcomes." Journal of Surgery and Medicine 7, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28982/josam.7965.

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Background/Aim: The three-dimensional (3D) display system can solve essential problems in conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), like depth perception and spatial orientation. Several studies reported initial comparisons of LRP with 2D and 3D vision systems in terms of operative outcomes, with 3D systems coming out on top. However, there are few published comparison studies on the long-term outcomes of LRP with 2D and 3D vision systems. In this regard, we aimed to compare operative and long-term functional results of 3D-High definition (HD) LRP with conventional two-dimensional (2D)-HD display systems. Methods: A total of 115 cases that underwent LRP between October 2010 and December 2016 were prospectively evaluated, and a prospective cohort study was conducted. Inclusion criteria at baseline were as follows: age at surgery <75 yr, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration <20 ng/ml, clinical tumor stage <T4, no diagnosis of metastatic disease, and informed consent to participate in the study. Patients who underwent salvage treatments after LRP and patients with incomplete follow-up were excluded. The patients were divided into groups, Group 1 (n=72) and Group 2 (n=43), according to the display systems used, 2D-HD vs. 3D-HD during LRP. Demographic data, operative and postoperative, and long-term follow-up outcomes were recorded. Additionally, urinary continence rate determined with a patient questionnaire and erectile functions determined with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire were recorded. All obtained parameters were compared between the groups using the independent t-test and the chi-square test. Differences were considered significant at two-sided P <0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: All patients completed a 24-month follow-up procedure. The groups were similar in age, serum PSA level, prostate volume, preoperative Gleason score, and cancer-positive core number. There were significantly better results in group 2 than in group 1 for operative parameters, catheterization time, and hospital stay (P<0.001, for all parameters). At long-term follow-up, the urinary continence rate was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P=0.023). Similarly, significantly higher IIEF scores were determined in the group 2 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that using a 3D-HD display system during LRP provides much better long-term functional and operative outcomes and may provide a cheap and equal alternative to the RARP procedure.

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Chu, Hongxia. "Research on 3D Jewelry Design Based on Virtual Reality Technology." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3119037.

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The existing three-dimensional jewelry design method has the problem of imperfect three-dimensional display model, which leads to a high product wastage rate. A three-dimensional jewelry design method based on virtual reality technology is designed. From the perspective of diversified production needs, the jewelry production and processing process is obtained. CNC plate making is adopted to identify the technological characteristics of plane elements. The digital three-dimensional model is taken as the design carrier, and the three-dimensional display model is constructed by virtual reality technology. Experimental Results. The average product loss rate of the three-dimensional jewelry design method in this paper and the other two three-dimensional jewelry design methods were 5.523%, 8.043%, and 8.237%, respectively, indicating that the performance of three-dimensional jewelry design method is more perfect after the combination of virtual reality technology.

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M. B. Mustafin, O. N. Turar, and D. Zh. Akhmed-Zaki. "TESTING VULKAN VISUALIZATION FOR GEOMODELS ON SYSTEMS WITH GRAPHIC PROCESSORS FOR RAY TRACING." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3, no. 77 (October 15, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.05.

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This paper describes the development of a high-performance application for representing twodimensional and three-dimensional results of numerical calculations in graphical form. Two visualization modules developed on the basis of different methods for translating a three-dimensional model into a twodimensional image are compared. Vulcan technologies and rasterization and Ray Tracing algorithms are used for model visualization, and comparative analyses of the operation of two applications in different conditions are performed. The developed visualization modules can be used to display the results of numerical mathematical modeling on three-dimensional grids.

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Zhang, Hao, Liangcai Cao, and Guofan Jin. "Scaling of Three-Dimensional Computer-Generated Holograms with Layer-Based Shifted Fresnel Diffraction." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102118.

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Holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays can reconstruct a whole wavefront of a 3D scene and provide rich depth information for the human eyes. Computer-generated holographic techniques offer an efficient way for reconstructing holograms without complicated interference recording systems. In this work, we present a technique for generating 3D computer-generated holograms (CGHs) with scalable samplings, by using layer-based diffraction calculations. The 3D scene is partitioned into multiple layers according to its depth image. Shifted Fresnel diffraction is used for calculating the wave diffractions from the partitioned layers to the CGH plane with adjustable sampling rates, while maintaining the depth information. The algorithm provides an effective method for scaling 3D CGHs without an optical zoom module in the holographic display system. Experiments have been performed, demonstrating that the proposed method can reconstruct quality 3D images at different scale factors.

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OKNIŃSKI, A. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL ROTATIONS AND DISCRETE-TIME DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS: DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN CHAOS-ORDER TRANSITIONS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 01 (February 1994): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000150.

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It is shown that rotations in three dimensions induce two-dimensional noninvertible discrete time dynamical systems from which well-known one-dimensional mappings follow, for example, the logistic equation. The noninvertible mappings can be interpreted in terms of the dynamics of a kicked spherical top and display new forms of dynamics. The most interesting behavior of the generalized dynamical systems considered is a transition from a nearly homogeneous chaos to various forms of discrete symmetries on a unit sphere.

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Pladere, Tatjana, Mara Delesa-Velina, Viktorija Andriksone, Reinis Pitura, Karola Panke, and Gunta Krumina. "Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 4929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224929.

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The visual search performance of radiologists is systematically challenged due to the use of flat-panel displays when viewing multi-slice images. Three-dimensional visualization of information is expected to facilitate visual search for radiologists. However, as the differences in user performance, depending on radiologist experience, have not yet been assessed for real three-dimensional images, it is difficult to estimate the usability of new visualization systems for radiologists with different amounts of professional search experience. In this study, we aimed to determine how three-dimensional visual search is affected by radiologist experience and the physical properties of stimuli. Radiologists, residents, and medical students accomplished visual search tasks with varying set sizes and target-distractor similarities. Search items were presented on multiple display planes and image manipulation was conducted using a computer keyboard. We compared the search outcome and strategy among three groups of participants. All three groups submitted a similar number of correct responses depending on target-distractor similarity. However, in contrast to radiologists and residents, it took a considerably longer time for students to find the targets. The major differences were evident in search strategy when comparing the image manipulations of radiologists with those of residents and students. Our results demonstrated that experienced radiologists’ search performance benefited from seeing the entire three-dimensional view of an image, whereas residents and students focused instead on reducing the amount of information and searched in a selective manner. These findings should be taken into account when planning the implementation of new workstations with three-dimensional visualization in radiology.

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Simó, Águeda. "The Virtual Reality Art Installation Endocytosis: Evolving from a Flat Land into a Three-Dimensional World." Leonardo 51, no. 2 (April 2018): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01265.

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Virtual reality systems are an ideal platform for exploring spatial effects because of their ability to combine stereo imaging techniques and interactive real-time graphics. They allow the creation of artworks that, on the one hand, exhibit a dynamic organization of the environment’s spatial depth and, on the other, create an interaction with the stereoscopic optic flow. In this article, the author discusses the advantages of horizontal stereoscopic displays and describes how she has used the Responsive Workbench to display the evolution of a flat land into a three-dimensional world in her artwork Endocytosis. She uses endocytosis—a fundamental cellular trafficking process that moves material into the intracellular space—as a metaphor for this evolutionary process.

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Wang, Peiren, Jinqiang Bi, Zilong Li, Binbin Yan, Zhengyang Li, Xiaozheng Wang, and Li Liu. "Tabletop 360-Degree Three-Dimensional Light-Field Display Based on Viewpoint-Fitting Encoding Algorithm for Reducing Facet Braiding." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010178.

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Since the effect of the facet braiding phenomenon, the display quality of reconstructed image degrades with increasing depth of field in tabletop three-dimensional light-field display. Here, to analysis the facet braiding, the imaging process of the tabletop 360-degree three-dimensional light-field display based on conical lens array is mathematically modeled. A viewpoint-fitting encoding algorithm is proposed to reduce the effect of the facet-braiding phenomenon and improve the range of depth of field, which is optimized to form the best synthetic encoded image by fitting the reconstructed image seen by the simulated human eye to the parallax image captured at the corresponding location. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm is verified by simulation analysis and optical experiments, respectively. In the experiment, the clear depth of field range of the display system is increased from 13 cm to 15 cm, and the visualization effect of the reconstructed three-dimensional image is enhanced.

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Feng, Wei. "Virtual Display System of Geological Body Based on Key Algorithms of Three-dimensional Modelling." Earth Sciences Research Journal 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n3.81809.

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In order to study the virtual display system of geological body, the key algorithm of three-dimensional modelling is used to analyze it, and the virtual display scheme of geological body is realized. Three-dimensional modelling of geological bodies is a frontier field of current geoscience research, and also a hot issue in computer science. Its research can complement and improve the theoretical basis of virtual reality technology and expand its application fields. Geological body three-dimensional modelling software can meet the needs of geoscientists to study geological problems more effectively from three-dimensional space, and has considerable practical value. In the network environment, users' information needs are diversified and individualized, and special attention is paid to the breadth, novelty and timeliness of information. Faced with massive information resources, the information users need is a drop in the ocean in the huge and disorderly network information space. Users need to spend a lot of time and energy to find valuable information in all kinds of uniform systems. Traditional system information services can no longer help users effectively get rid of information overload and information lost. Therefore, the concept of personalized service system has become a hot spot of people' s attention as soon as it is put forward. In recent years, personalized systems have emerged in endlessly. In the early stage of formulation and implementation of personalized service strategy, the existing personalized service generally lacks the attention to context information such as user' s environment. There are weak links in personalization and intellectualization of service, which damages user experience. Therefore, Shepard algorithm and Kriging algorithm of three-dimensional modelling are used to study the virtual display system of geological bodies. The results show that these two key algorithms play a very important role in the research process of geological virtual display system, and also provide a new idea for further research on the popularization of geological knowledge.

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Scarborough, E., J. Brandt, S. Rogers, P. Amburn, D. Ruck, and M. Ericson. "A Prototype Visual and Audio Display." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1, no. 4 (January 1992): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.459.

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A display is described that provides a three-dimensional perspective view with spatially correlated audio. The system is developed around an optics device that projects a three-dimensional perspective view from a CRT to a concave mirror that focuses the energy at an image plane above the mirror. The result is that the objects displayed on the CRT appear to be floating in space. The directional audio is provided from an audio localization cue synthesizer that encodes pinna filtering and an interaural time delay onto an input audio signal. A magnetic head tracker is used to keep the audio images stable. The optical system is presented along with the graphics methods that were used to generate the visual cues. Then the audio localization cue synthesizer is described with emphasis on using this device to provide spatialized audio for use in synthetic environments.

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Endo, Takahiro, Mana Kobayashi, and Haruhisa Kawasaki. "A finger skill transfer system using a multi-fingered haptic interface robot and a hand motion image." Robotica 31, no. 8 (May 29, 2013): 1251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713000465.

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SUMMARYThe teaching of how to exert fingertip forces and how to move the fingers is essential for transferring skill using the fingers to perform fine motor tasks. In this paper we accomplish the transfer of fingertip forces and positions in three-dimensional space by combining a multi-fingered haptic interface robot, which can measure and present the three-dimensional forces and positions at five fingertips, and an image display system that records a trainer's hand image and displays it to a trainee. Several experimental results show a high fingertip force and position transferability and the great potential of our proposed transfer system.

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Momonoi, Yoshiharu, Koya Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Yokote, Atsushi Sato, and Yasuhiro Takaki. "Systematic Approach for Alignment of Light Field Mirage." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 12413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312413.

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We previously proposed techniques to eliminate repeated three-dimensional (3D) images produced by the light field Mirage, which consists of circularly aligned multiple-slanted light field displays. However, we only constructed the lower half of the system to verify the proposed elimination techniques. In this study, we developed an alignment technique for a complete 360-degree display system. The alignment techniques for conventional 360-degree display systems, which use a large number of projectors, greatly depend on electronic calibration, which indispensably causes image quality degradation. We propose a systematic approach for the alignment for the light field Mirage, which causes less image quality degradation by taking advantage of the small number of display devices required for the light field Mirage. The calibration technique for light field displays, the image stitching technique, and the brightness matching technique are consecutively performed, and the generation of 360-degree 3D images is verified.

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Chen, Chien-Yu, Chih-Hao Chuang, Hoang-Yan Lin, and Ding-Yu Zhuo. "Imaging evaluation of computer-generated hologram by using three-dimensional modified structural similarity index." Journal of Optics 24, no. 5 (March 29, 2022): 055702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac5ae9.

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Abstract Image quality evaluation is a key factor in the advancement and improvement of display technology, which could lead to effective improvement through the evaluation result from various aspects to achieve the better result further. However, display principles and image characteristics should be considered for Image quality evaluation. For three-dimensional (3D) holograms, charge-coupled devices are mainly applied to capture and record reconstructed images for analysis. 3D holograms have multiple depths and thus can lead to varying light intensities at the information points of the reconstructed images during image acquisition. Finally, it will lead to poor analysis results. Aiming at the previously mentioned problem, an algorithm called three-dimensional structural similarity (3D-SSIM) is proposed in this study. It is expected to optimize hologram evaluation and analysis. A fixed-focus shooting system matching silhouette sampling and SSIM is proposed to sample objects with 360° in order to implement 3D SSIM evaluation. This study successfully optimized the hologram evaluation method, leading to more accurate image evaluation results of hologram algorithms or holographic display systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-dimensional display systems'

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