Relevant bibliographies by topics / Three-Body Effects

Academic literature on the topic 'Three-Body Effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Three-Body Effects.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Garrido, E., D. V. Fedorov, and A. S. Jensen. "Three-body halo fragmentation: polarization effects." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 36, no. 7 (December 1, 1996): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1996-00259-y.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Sasakawa, T., S. Ishikawa, Y. Wu, and T.-Y. Saito. "Rho-meson exchange three-body force effects." Physical Review Letters 68, no. 24 (June 15, 1992): 3503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.3503.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Glöckle, W., T. S. H. Lee, and F. Coester. "Relativistic effects in three-body bound states." Physical Review C 33, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.33.709.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Eyre, D., and H. G. Miller. "Sturmian approximation of three-body continuum effects." Physics Letters B 153, no. 1-2 (March 1985): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)91429-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Oryu, Shinsho, and Hiroshi Yamada. "Effects of the three-body force in three-nucleon systems." Physical Review C 49, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 2337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.49.2337.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Arena, N., Seb Cavallaro, G. Fazio, G. Giardina, A. Italiano, M. Herman, M. Bruno, F. Cannata, M. D’Agostino, and M. Lombardi. "Three-body effects in theLi7(d,ααn) reaction." Physical Review C 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.40.55.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Knutson, L. D., and A. Kievsky. "Effects of three-body forces in the3Hbound state." Physical Review C 58, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.58.49.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Prasad, Anil, and Charles H. K. Williamson. "Three-dimensional effects in turbulent bluff body wakes." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1777(96)00107-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Charlton, M., D. P. van der Werf, R. J. Lewis, P. R. Watkeys, and S. J. Kerrigan. "Three-body effects in positron annihilation on molecules." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, no. 17 (August 29, 2006): L329—L334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/17/l03.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

PRASAD, ANIL, and CHARLES H. K. WILLIAMSON. "Three-dimensional effects in turbulent bluff-body wakes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 343 (July 25, 1997): 235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209700579x.

Full text
Abstract:
There has recently been a surge in activity concerning the development of three-dimensionality in the wakes of nominally two-dimensional bluff bodies, yielding the realization that end effects can influence the wake vortex shedding pattern over long spanlengths. Much of this work has been focused on low Reynolds numbers (Re), but virtually no studies have investigated to what extent it is possible to control shedding patterns at higher Reynolds numbers, through the use of end manipulation. In the present paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to induce parallel shedding, oblique shedding and vortex dislocations, by manipulation of the end conditions, over a large range of Reynolds number. Such patterns affect the frequency of primary wake instability and its amplitude of fluctuation, as they do at low Reynolds number, although distinct differences are found at the higher Reynolds numbers.We find that imposition of oblique shedding conditions at high Reynolds number leads to a spatial variation of both the oblique shedding angle and shedding frequency across the span, and to sparse dislocations which are not restricted to the spanwise end regions, as they are at low Reynolds numbers (under similar geometrical conditions). In the wake transition regime (Re=190–250), it is confirmed that the spontaneous appearance of vortex dislocations in mode-A shedding precludes the control of shedding patterns using end manipulation. However, it has proven possible to extend the regime of Reynolds number where dislocations ‘naturally’ exist to Re>250, by introducing them artificially through end control, where they would otherwise not occur. The possibility of introducing dislocations and of inducing oblique vortex shedding at higher Reynolds numbers has practical significance, if one can deliberately decorrelate the vortex shedding, and hence reduce the spanwise-integrated unsteady fluid forces on the body.We confirm the existence of a transition in the mode of shedding at Re≈5000 (originally found by Norberg 1987) under conditions where parallel shedding is attempted. This mode transition displays similarities to an inverse of the mode A→mode B transition that is found in the wake transition regime. It is clear that vortex dislocations occur beyond Re=5000, although it is not clear why the flow is unstable to such a mode. Furthermore, there appears to be some support for the suggestion that vortex dislocations may be a feature of the flow for Re at least up to 30×103, as evidenced by the work of Norberg (1994).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Tombazis, Nicholas. "Effects of three-dimensional disturbances on bluff body near wakes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61139.

Full text
Abstract:
The three-dimensionality of the near wake of bluff bodies at high Reynolds numbers is studied experimentally. Measurements were carried out in a 0.9Imx 0.91m wind tunnel (for Re=20000 to 60000) and flow visualisation in a 0.6mx 0.6m water flume (for Re=25(X)). The main purpose is to identify inherent three-dimensional features that may also arise in nominally two-dimensional flows. In order to fix the three-dimensional effects in both time and space, a mild, periodic, geometrical disturbance was imposed on the otherwise two-dimensional geometry of a model with a blunt trailing edge. The trailing edge thus followed a sinusoidal pattern, but a straight edge model was also studied for comparison purposes. Quantitative measurements and flow visualisation revealed that a dual shedding frequency characteristic prevails in the wake of the sinusoidal model. Base drag shows a noticeable drop (in comparison to the straight edge model). Most of the activity seems to happen in the region of the peak, where the dual frequency characteristic is more apparent and also the base drag shows its largest variations. Flow visualisation showed different modes of vortex shedding to exist. Vortical structures in the x- and z- directions were observed for both models. Og vortices are present in the near wake. It is believed that the observed vortices are responsible for the intense base pressure fluctuations and gradients, and also for thin "wisps" appearing between Karman vortices in flow visualisation. A model for the dynamics of the formation region is proposed, by considering the interaction of mean, time-averaged quantities. It is suggested that forming vortices have a tendency to straighten-out. A concept is proposed which links the vortex formation length to other wake parameters, most notably wake width and base pressure. Wake similarity arguments are used in order to explain the shedding frequency variations along the span. The dynamics of vortex dislocations are also discussed. A mechanism is proposed which explains the significance of a characteristic dislocation frequency, fd in the near wake dynamics. It is suggested that fd is a result of the geometrical properties of the vortex filaments and that a link exists between the dislocation frequency and fluctuations in base pressure, vortex strengths and spanwise dislocation position.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Wang, Liping, and lwang@it swin edu au. "Three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases from molecular simulation." Swinburne University of Technology. Centre for Molecular Simulation, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060608.145124.

Full text
Abstract:
In this work the phase behaviour of noble gases is studied comprehensively by different molecular simulation methods using different intermolecular potentials. The aim is to investigate three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases. A true two-body potential model (Barker-Fisher-Watts potential) and the three-body potential model (Axilrod-Teller term) have been used. The results obtained from the two-body BFW potential with the three-body Axilrod-Teller potential included for the vapour-liquid and solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of pure noble gases are compared with the calculations using the Lennard-Jones potential with different suggested parameter values. The results have been compared with experimental data and the best parameter values for simulating the thermodynamic properties of noble gases are found. Three-body effects on the phase behaviour of noble gases are reported for a large range of density, temperature and pressure. Simple relationships have been found between two-body and three-body potential energies for pure fluids and solids. Three-body effects on the vapour-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton, xenon and argon-krypton systems are studied by the Gibbs-Duhem integration Monte Carlo method. Three-body effects on the solid-liquid phase equilibrium properties of argon, krypton and xenon are investigated by non-equilibrium and equilibrium molecular dynamics techniques. All the calculations have been compared with experimental data, which show that three-body interactions play an important role in the overall interatomic interactions of noble gases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hunt, Linda Schmehl. "The Effects of Three Exercise Intensity Levels, Progression Through an Aerobic Exercise Session, and Body Position on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Elderly /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745336901.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Smart, Tracey Irene 1978. "Effects of body size and particle size on feeding rates and morphology of the larvae of three congeneric barnacles (class cirripedia : genus balanus)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9239.

Full text
Abstract:
ix, 84 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm Notes Typescript Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2003 Includes vita and abstract Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-84) Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rendek, Marek. "Analýza silových účinků v tříbodovém závěsu na výstupní parametry traktoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378510.

Full text
Abstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of force effects in the three-point hitch links in the multi-body environment depending on the forces ejected to the plow during the plowing. Through simulations, force responses under the tractor wheels are also identified for various conditions. The work is also analyzed for the impact of the upper link attachment relative to the tractor output parameters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Norman, Kristina. "Effects of a three-month intervention with protein and energy rich supplements on body composition, muscle function and quality of life in malnourished patients with nonneoplastic gastrointestinal disease : a randomised controlled trial /." Tönning ; Lübeck Marburg : Der Andere Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015675745&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Vautier, Mana P. Sinclair Andrew J. "Effect of coordinate switching on simulation accuracy of translunar trajectories." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Aerospace_Engineering/Thesis/Vautier_Mana_34.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Comparin, Tommaso. "From few-body atomic physics to many-body statistical physics : the unitary Bose gas and the three-body hard-core model." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE042/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Les gaz d'atomes ultrafroids offrent des possibilités sans précédent pour la réalisation et la manipulation des systèmes quantiques. Le contrôle exercé sur les interactions entre particules permet d'atteindre le régime de fortes interactions, pour des espèces d'atomes à la fois fermioniques et bosoniques. Dans la limite unitaire, où la force d'interaction est à son maximum, des propriétés universelles émergent. Pour les atomes bosoniques, celles-ci comprennent l'effet Efimov, l'existance surprenante d'une séquence infinie d'états liés à trois corps. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudiés un système de bosons unitaires. Partant des cas à deux et à trois corps, nous avons montrés que le modèle choisi capturait correctement les caractéristiques universelles de l'effet Efimov. Pour le modèle à N-corps, nous avons développé un algorithme de Monte Carlo quantique capable de réaliser les différentes phases thermodynamiques du système : gaz normal à haute-température, condensat de Bose-Einstein, et liquide d'Efimov. Un unique composant de notre modèle resterait pertinent à la limite de température infinie, à savoir la répulsion corps dur à trois corps, qui constitue une généralisation du potentiel classique entre sphères dures. Pour ce modèle, nous avons proposé une solution au problème d'empilement compact en deux et trois dimensions, fondée sur une Ansatz analytique et sur la technique de recuit simulé. En étendant ces résultats à une situation de pression finie, nous avons montré que le système présente une transition de fusion discontinue, que nous avons identifié à travers la méthode de Monte Carlo
Ultracold atomic gases offer unprecedented possibilities to realize and manipulate quantum systems. The control on interparticle interactions allows to reach the strongly-interacting regime, with both fermionic and bosonic atomic species. In the unitary limit, where the interaction strength is at its maximum, universal properties emerge. For bosonic atoms, these include the Efimov effect, the surprising existence of an infinite sequence of three-body bound states. In this thesis, we have studied a system of unitary bosons. Starting from the two- and three-body cases, we have shown that the chosen model correctly captures the universal features of the Efimov effect. For the corresponding many-body problem, we have developed a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm capable of realizing the different thermodynamic phases in which the system may exist: The high-temperature normal gas, Bose-Einstein condensate, and Efimov liquid. A single ingredient of our model would remain relevant in the infinite-temperature limit, namely the three-body hard-core repulsion, which constitutes a generalization of the classical hard-sphere potential. For this model, we have proposed a solution to the two- and three-dimensional packing problem, based on an analytical ansatz and on the simulated-annealing technique. Extending these results to finite pressure showed that the system has a discontinuous melting transition, which we identified through the Monte Carlo method
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Yujun. "Universal Efimov physics in three- and four-body collisions." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4315.

Full text
Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Physics
Brett D. Esry
The Efimov effect plays a central role in few-body systems at ultracold temperature and has thus accelerated a lot of studies on its manifestation in the collisional stability of the quantum degenerate gases. Near broad Feshbach resonances, Efimov physics has been studied both theoretically and experimentally through the zero-energy scattering observables. We have extended the theoretical studies of Efimov physics to a much broader extent. In particular, we have investigated the three-body Efimov physics near narrow Feshbach resonances and have also identified the Efimov features beyond the zero temperature limit. We have found, near a narrow Feshbach resonance, the non-trivial contribution from both of the resonance width and the short-range physics to the three-body recombination and vibrational dimer relaxation. Remarkably, the collisional stability of the Feshbach molecules are found to be opposite to that near the broad resonances: an increased stability for molecules made by bosons and a decreased stability for those made by fermions. The universal physics observed near the narrow Feshbach resonances is further found not to be limited to the zero temperature observables. We have found that the general features of Efimov physics and those pertaining to a narrow resonance are manifested in different energy ranges above zero temperature. This opens the opportunity to observe Efimov physics by changing the collisional energy while keeping the atomic interaction fixed. The landscape of the universal Efimov physics is thus delineated in both of the interaction and the energy domain. We have also investigated Efimov physics in heteronuclear four-body systems where the complexity can be reduced by approximations. In particular, we have proposed ways for controllable production of the Efimov tri-atomic molecules by three-body or four-body recombinations involving four atoms. We have also confirmed the existence of four-body Efimov effect in a system of three heavy particles and one light particle, which has resolved a decade-long controversy on this topic. Finally, we have studied the collisional properties of four identical bosons in 1D, which is important to the experiments on the quantum gases confined in the 1D optical lattices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Pedersen, Helle Anette. "Étude de la diffraction tridimensionnelle des ondes sismiques dans des structures à géométrie bidimensionnelle : développement théorique et applications." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10212.

Full text
Abstract:
La diffraction tridimensionnelle (3d) des ondes sismiques par des structures a geometrie bidimensionnelle (2d) est etudiee par la methode indirecte d'elements de frontiere (ibem, pour indirect boundary element method). Les ondes incidentes peuvent arriver en dehors du plan 2d et, en consequence, la diffraction est 3d avec couplage de tous les types d'onde. Ce travail est divise en trois parties. La theorie de ibem et son extension aux problemes de diffraction 3d par des structures 2d sont presentees dans la premiere partie. La deuxieme est consacree a l'application de la methode pour l'etude de la diffraction et de l'amplification par des reliefs topographiques et des vallees sedimentaires. La derniere partie consiste en l'etude d'une suture lithospherique et en une simulation numerique de la diffraction des ondes de surface par cette suture. Les resultats majeurs de ce travail sont a la fois de nature theorique et pratique. Ibem s'avere etre une methode precise et rapide pour simuler la diffraction 3d par des structures 2d. Elle est numeriquement stable et permet le calcul du champ d'onde complet en prenant en compte le transfert d'energie entre differentes types d'ondes. Ibem semble ainsi etre un outil prometteur pour l'interpretation de donnees sismologiques. L'analyse de donnees ainsi que les simulations numeriques de la propagation d'ondes au travers de reliefs topographiques et de vallees sedimentaires montrent que: 1) les effets 3d sont importants, 2) l'amplification due aux reliefs topographiques est faible, et 3) des ondes diffractees sont emises du sommet des reliefs. Enfin, nous avons mis en evidence un changement rapide de la structure lithospherique sous la zone sorgenfrei-tornquist par analyse d'ondes de rayleigh de longue periode. La simulation numerique montre que les ondes de rayleigh incidentes sur une telle suture sont transmises ou reflechies sous la forme d'ondes de surface ou de volume
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa. Effect of abrasive grit size on wear of manganese-zinc ferrite under three-body abrasion. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hunt, Linda Schmehl. THE EFFECTS OF THREE EXERCISE INTENSITY LEVELS, PROGRESSION THROUGH AN AEROBIC EXERCISE SESSION, AND BODY POSITION ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN HEALTHY ELDERLY. 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Finkler, Michael S. Effects of temperature, body size, substrate and season on the locomotor performance of three species of Colubrid snake (Nerodia sipedon, Regina septemvittata and Thamnophis sirtalis). 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

The training effects of a vigorous aerobic exercise program upon the changes of body composition: Neuromuscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity of 24 males aged 49 to 69 years as measured annually over three years. 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

King, Carolyn M., Grant Norbury, and Andrew J. Veale. Small mustelids in New Zealand: invasion ecology in a different world. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0010.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter reviews the ecology of the three species of small mustelids introduced into New Zealand: the ferret (Mustela furo), the stoat (M. erminea) and the weasel (M. nivalis), for biological control of rabbits. New Zealand offers a mosaic of environments totally different from those in which the three species evolved, including a diminishing array of endemic fauna especially vulnerable to mammalian predators. Mustelids in New Zealand display significant adaptive flexibility in diet, habitat selection, co-existence, dispersal, body size, population biology and predatory impact, with results contrasting with those observable in their northern-hemisphere ancestors. These evolutionary and ecological responses by mustelids to new opportunities are of considerable interest to evolutionary ecologists, especially those interested in competition and predator-prey relationships. Likewise, the need to protect New Zealand’s native fauna has stimulated extensive research on alternative options for mitigating the effects of invasive predators, applicable to pest management problems in other countries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Vernon, Hilary. Phenylketonuria. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0064.

Full text
Abstract:
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive biochemical disorder most often resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. The remainder of the cases are caused by abnormalities in the phenylalanine hydroxylase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Phenylketonuria can be divided into three subgroups based on the elevation of plasma phenylalanine in the untreated state: “classical,” “variant,” and “benign.” Untreated individuals with classical phenylketonuria develop neurocognitive abnormalities including seizures, microcephaly, and severe intellectual disability. Other clinical effects include a musty body odor, eczema, and reduced skin pigmentation. Treatment, which includes dietary restriction of phenylalanine, supplementation with synthetic protein, and, in some cases, administration of a synthetic form of tetrahydrobiopterin, is successful in preventing the long-term consequences of phenylketonuria.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Puntis, John. Nutritional assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition complicates both acute and chronic illness with negative effects on outcomes. In clinical practice, a useful approach to nutritional assessment is to consider three elements: ‘what you are’ (i.e. body habitus—underweight for height; short for age; etc.), ‘what you can do’ (functional activity), and ‘what you eat’ (current nutritional intake).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lambert, Matthew M. The Green Depression. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830401.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This book argues that depression-era authors contributed to the development of modern environmental thought in three distinct ways. First, they began recognizing as never before the devastating and even apocalyptic effects that humans can have on the environment, particularly in response to the period’s dust storms, flooding, and other human-created ecological disasters. Next, they acknowledged the ecological importance of nonhuman nature, including animal “predators” and “pests,” as conservationists were beginning to do during the period. And lastly, they laid the groundwork for what we now refer to as “environmental justice” by directly connecting environmental exploitation with racial, economic, and gender inequality. To illustrate the reach of environmental thought during the period, the first three chapters of the book focus on different geographical landscapes, including the wilderness, rural, and urban. The last chapter examines the period’s growing concern over the effects of technology on the human and nonhuman world. Ultimately, The Green Depression illustrates the importance of depression-era literature to the development of the modern environmentalist and environmental justice movements. It also contributes to a growing body of scholarship that identifies the importance of environmental thought to the literature and culture of African Americans and other minority groups as well as in considering urban landscapes and other built environments. Finally, the book seeks to initiate a conversation to consider how experiences and ideas from the period have influenced and can inform responses to the intersections of environmental, social, and economic issues in our own time.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Boehmer, Elleke. The Mind in Motion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
Drawing on insights from relevance theory, the chapter explores how W.B. Yeats’s late poem ‘Long-legged Fly’ creates an exemplary occasion for reflecting first on cognition and then on the ways in which cognition might be made manifest in poetic language; in particular, here, in a dominant simile that repeats as a refrain through the poem. Processing the three stanzas’ different inferential, sensorimotor, and intertextual effects, we as readers at one and the same time contemplate in each case a body in thought, and we contemplate ourselves thinking. The poem in this sense repeatedly performs how a history-changing reflective moment holds a range of creative energies in dynamic tension. Relevance theory’s ‘loose’ sifting of literal and other meanings, in Deirdre Wilson’s words, allows us to become aware of these two processes unfolding at the same time, and in relation to each other, as is demonstrated in this close reading.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Carrette, Jeremy. William James. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0024.

Full text
Abstract:
William James's 1884 theory of emotion is perhaps the most well known of all his psychological ideas, particularly as it forms a key historical landmark in the history of the concept. His notion of “religious emotion” is perhaps one of the most important in shaping the subject in the twentieth century. The complex history of James's theory of emotion begins when he and the Danish physician Karl Georg Lange established a post-Darwinian, organic theory of emotions, in what became known as the James-Lange theory. This view of emotion went against the grain of contemporary theories of emotion in the new psychology, particularly that put forward by Wilhelm Wundt, who argued for a theory of “apperception”—the process by which a state of mind (the affect or emotion) produces bodily effects. This article examines James's theory of emotion and religious emotion, focusing on his views about mind and body. It also discusses three theories of emotion, namely, organic theory, cognitive theory, and social theory. Finally, it considers pluralism, mystical emotions, metaphysical emotions, and the reflex circuit of emotion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Sasakawa, Tatuya. "Three-Body Force Effects in Three-Nucleon Systems." In Few-Body Problems in Physics, 254–64. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7581-1_25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Laget, J. M. "Correlations and Three-Body Effects in Photo- and Electronuclear Reactions." In Few-Body Problems in Particle, Nuclear, Atomic, and Molecular Physics, 126–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8956-6_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Berakdar, J., and J. S. Briggs. "Ionization Dynamics and Exchange Effects in Pure Three-Body Coulomb Scattering." In Coincidence Studies of Electron and Photon Impact Ionization, 57–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9751-0_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mikkola, Seppo. "On the Effects of Unequal Masses in the Statistics of Three-and Four-Body Interactions." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 261–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2917-3_42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Takada, Masumi, Masaki Sakai, Masaru Miyao, and Hiroki Takada. "Visual Pursuit of Two-Dimensional/Three-Dimensional Objects on Video Clips: Effects on the Human Body." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Interaction, 264–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20681-3_25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Eramzhyan, R. A., G. G. Ryzhikh, V. I. Kukulin, and Yu M. Tchuvil’sky. "6 Li as Three Body α-2n System. The Role of Exchange Effects in Electromagnetic form Factors." In Mesons and Light Nuclei, 110–16. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7617-7_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Irgaziev, B. F., E. O. Alt, and A. M. Mukhamedzhanov. "Three-Body Coulomb Effects in the Direct Coulomb Breakup of 8B into 7Be + p in the Field of a 208Pb Ion." In Few-Body Problems in Physics ’98, 379–82. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6798-4_68.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Heckel-Reusser, S. "Whole-Body Hyperthermia (WBH): Historical Aspects, Current Use, and Future Perspectives." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 143–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_11.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractWhole-body hyperthermia (WBH), induced by passive heating, and active fever therapy induced by pyrogenic drugs, have been accepted as therapy of various diseases for many decades. However, the introduction of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs caused the interest in this traditional therapy to decline. The development of modern WBH using infrared irradiation (IR) started in the 1960s.Three levels of hyperthermia differ fundamentally in practical implementation, mechanisms of action, and indications. Mild WBH is stress-free and aims mainly to muscle relaxation and increased perfusion in the locomotor system. Fever-range whole-body hyperthermia (FRWBH) requires a more extensive nursing care due to major thermoregulatory stress. FRWBH is applied for stimulation of anti-tumor immune responses and for anti-inflammatory effects in case of chronic inflammation. Moreover, anti-depressive effects of FRWBH could recently be shown. Extreme WBH needs an intensive care environment and aims to the direct damage of cancer cells or therapy-resistant pathogens. In general, inconsistent effects of WBH on blood perfusion must be taken into account if combined with medication.Two commercially available medical WBH devices both use water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA), but deviate in the practical implementation. Contraindications and the risk of side effects differ essentially between the three levels and must carefully be observed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bhasin, Vidya Sagar, and Indranil Mazumdar. "Efimov’s Universal Three-Body Effect." In Few Body Dynamics, Efimov Effect and Halo Nuclei, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56171-0_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hakami, Ferial, Alokesh Pramanik, and Animesh Kumar Basak. "Effect of the Three-Body Abrasion." In Tribology of Elastomers, 111–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2908-3_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Wadehra, J. M. "Mutual neutralization-three body effects." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 158. AIP, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.36580.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ishikawa, Souichi, Akira Ozawa, and Weiping Lu. "Three-body force effects in few-nucleon systems." In NUCLEAR PHYSICS TRENDS: 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3442607.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

KIEVSKY, A. "THREE-BODY FORCE EFFECTS IN FEW-NUCLEON SYSTEMS." In A Festschrift in Honour of the 65th Birthdays of John W Clark, Alpo J Kallio, Manfred L Ristig and Sergio Rosati. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799760_0012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chua, Chun-Khiang. "Finite-Width Effects in Three-Body B Decays." In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.398.0506.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rasch, J., and Colm T. Whelan. "Three body effects in low energy (e,2e) processes." In The fifteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59114.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Muto, Takumi, Toshiki Maruyama, Toshitaka Tatsumi, and Tatsuyuki Takatsuka. "Effects of Universal Three-Body Repulsion on Kaon Condensation in Hyperonic Matter." In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics (QNP2018). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.26.024019.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lee, Kuen Bae, Jin Ho Kim, Jin Seok Park, and Chongam Kim. "Unsteady Aerodynamic Effects of Wing-Body Interactions in Three-dimensional Insects' Flapping Flight." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-419.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mermod, P. "Investigation of Three-Body Force Effects in Neutron-Deuteron Scattering at 95 MeV." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1945102.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wójs, Arkadiusz. "Moore-Read states on a sphere: Three-body correlations and finite-size effects." In PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors - ICPS-27. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1994221.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tewari, Shri-Prakash, Poonam Silotia, Aditya Saxena, and Lokesh Kumar Gupta. "Dimensionality effects on the strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate with three-body interactions." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Martin W. McCall, Graeme Dewar, and Mikhail A. Noginov. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.618739.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Three-Body Effects"

1

Szewczyk, Albin A., and Peter Bearman. Effects of Three-Dimensional Imposed Disturbance on Bluff-Body Near Wake Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232137.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Szewczyk, Albin A. The Effects of Three-Dimensional Imposed Disturbances on Bluff Body Near Wake Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada259501.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Szewczyk, Albin A. The Effects of Three-Dimensional Imposed 3-D Disturbances on Bluff-Body Near Wake Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada274845.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lee, T. S. H., T. T. S. Kuo, and Y. Tzeng. The effect of the {Delta} three-body force on effective nucleon-nucleon interactions of the nuclear shell-model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/166437.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

ji, yuqin, hao tian, qiang ye, zhuoyan ye, and zeyu zheng. Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0013.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available randomized controlled trial studies concerning the effects of exercise interventions on fundamental motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Condition being studied: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complicated and highly prevalent neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The CDC reported that the prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 1 in 59 in the United States by 2020. Along with typical symptoms, a couple of studies have indicated that individuals with ASD encounter a variety of challenges, including sleep disturbance, obesity, executive function deficits, physical inactivity, and motor dysfunctions. Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the unnaturally occurring basic motor learning model of the human body, which are the building blocks for advanced specialized motor skills and for children and adolescents to participate in sports, games, or other context-specific physical activity.FMS falls into three different categories: (a) locomotor skills (e.g., running and hopping), (b) object control skills (e.g., catching and throwing), and balance or stability skills (e.g., balancing and twisting).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.

Full text
Abstract:
For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gothilf, Yoav, Roger Cone, Berta Levavi-Sivan, and Sheenan Harpaz. Genetic manipulations of MC4R for increased growth and feed efficiency in fish. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600043.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a central role in the regulation of food consumption and energy homeostasis in mammals. Accordingly, our working hypothesis in this project was that genetic editing of the mc4r gene, encoding Melanocortin Receptor 4 (MC4R), will enhance food consumption, feed efficiency and growth in fish. To test this hypothesis and to assess the utility of mc4r editing for the enhancement of feed efficiency and growth in fish, the following objectives were set: Test the effect of the mc4r-null allele on feeding behavior, growth, metabolism and survival in zebrafish. Generate mc4r-null alleles in tilapia and examine the consequences for growth and survival, feed efficiency and body composition. Generate and examine the effect of naturally-occurring mc4r alleles found in swordfish on feeding behavior, growth and survival in zebrafish. Define the MC4R-mediated and MC4R-independent effects of AgRP by crossing mc4r- null strains with fish lacking AgRP neurons or the agrpgene. Our results in zebrafish did not support our hypothesis. While knockout of the agrpgene or genetic ablation of hypothalamic AgRP neurons led to reduced food intake in zebrafish larvae, knockout (KO) of the mc4r gene not only did not increase the rate of food intake but even reduced it. Since Melanocortin Receptor 3 (MC3R) has also been proposed to be involved in hypothalamic control of food intake, we also tested the effectofmc3r gene KO. Again, contrary to our hypothesis, the rate of food intake decreased. The next step was to generate a double mutant lucking both functional MC3R and MC4R. Again, the double KO exhibited reduced food intake. Thus, the only manipulation within the melanocortin system that affected food intake in consistent with the expected role of the system was seen in zebrafish larvae upon agrpKO. Interestingly, despite the apparent reduced food intake in the larval stage, these fish grow to be of the same size as wildtype fish at the adult stage. Altogether, it seems that there is a compensatory mechanism that overrides the effect of genetic manipulations of the melanocortin system in zebrafish. Under Aim 3, we introduced the Xna1, XnB1l, and XnB2A mutations from the Xiphophorus MC4R alleles into the zebrafish MC4R gene. We hypothesized that these MC4R mutations would act as dominant negative alleles to increase growth by suppressing endogenous MC4R activity. When we examined the activity of the three mutant alleles, we were unable to document any inhibition of a co-transfected wild type MC4R allele, hence we did not introduce these alleles into zebrafish. Since teleost fish possess two agrpgenes we also tested the effect of KO of the agrp2 gene and ablation of the AgRP2 cells. We found that the AgRP2 system does not affect food consumption but may rather be involved in modulating the stress response. To try to apply genetic editing in farmed fish species we turned to tilapia. Injection of exogenous AgRP in adult tilapia induced significant changes in the expression of pituitary hormones. Genetic editing in tilapia is far more complicated than in zebrafish. Nevertheless, we managed to generate one mutant fish carrying a mutation in mc4r. That individual died before reaching sexual maturity. Thus, our attempt to generate an mc4r-mutant tilapia line was almost successful and indicate out non-obvious capability to generate mutant tilapia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Three-Body Effects' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography