Journal articles on the topic 'Threatened native species'
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1
Van der Colff, Dewidine, Sabrina Kumschick, Wendy Foden, and John R. U. Wilson. "Comparing the IUCN’s EICAT and Red List to improve assessments of the impact of biological invasions." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52623.
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The IUCN recommends the use of two distinct schemes to assess the impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity at the species level. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Red List) categorises native species based on their risk of extinction. Such assessments evaluate the extent to which different pressures, including alien species, threaten native species. The much newer IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) categorises alien species on the degree to which they have impacted native species. Conceptually, the schemes are related. One would expect that: 1) if a native species is assessed as threatened under the Red List due to the impacts of alien species, then at least one alien species involved should be classified as harmful under EICAT; and 2) if an alien species is assessed as harmful under EICAT, then at least one native species impacted should be assessed as threatened by alien species under the Red List. Here we test this by comparing the impacts of alien gastropods, assessed using EICAT, to the impact on native species as assessed based on the Red List. We found a weak positive correlation, but it is clear there is not a simple one-to-one relationship. We hypothesise that the relationship between EICAT and the Red List statuses will follow one of three forms: i) the EICAT status of an alien species is closely correlated to the Red List status of the impacted native species; ii) the alien species is classed as ‘harmful’ under EICAT, but it does not threaten the native species with extinction as per the Red List (for example, the impacted native species is still widespread or abundant despite significant negative impacts from the alien species); or iii) the native species is classified as threatened under the Red List regardless of the impacts of the alien species (threatened species are impacted by other pressures with alien species potentially a passenger and not a driver of change). We conclude that the two schemes are complementary rather than equivalent, and provide some recommendations for how categorisations and data can be used in concert.
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LEVY, SHARON. "Native Incursions: Avian Range Expansions Imperil Threatened Species." BioScience 54, no. 2 (2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0094:niarei]2.0.co;2.
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Loomes, Robyn. "Tasmania's Threatened Fauna Handbook: What, Where and How to Protect Tasmania's Threatened Animals." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000175.
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Australia already has a long list of native species that have become extinct since the arrival of humans in this country. Even longer, however, is the list of flora and fauna currently under threat from human activity. Ongoing clearing, degradation and replacement of native vegetation combined with the invasion of exotic species, not only threatens the survival of endemic flora, but the animals clinging to existence in these vanishing habitats.
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Smith, Deane, Kristy Waddell, and Benjamin L. Allen. "Expansion of Vertebrate Pest Exclusion Fencing and Its Potential Benefits for Threatened Fauna Recovery in Australia." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091550.
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The global effort to conserve threatened species relies heavily on our ability to separate these species from the processes that threaten them, and a common tool used for this purpose is exclusion fencing. In Australia, pest animal exclusion fencing has been repeatedly used on conservation land on a small scale to successfully exclude introduced predators and competitors from threatened native fauna populations. However, in recent years, “cluster fencing” on agricultural land has re-emerged on a large scale and is used by livestock producers seeking to reduce predation losses by dingoes (Canis familiaris) and manage total grazing pressure from native and introduced herbivores, including red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus). Given that the primary threats to at-risk native fauna are also predation and overgrazing, there may be potential for cluster fencing on livestock land to achieve additional fauna conservation benefits. Understanding the amount, location and potential conservation value of cluster fenced livestock land is critical for determining how these areas might contribute to broader threatened fauna recovery goals. Drawing from publicly available databases maintained by the Australian Government, we assessed the spatial overlap of threatened species’ distributions with 105 cluster fences erected in Queensland since 2013, which cover 65,901 km2 of land. These cluster fenced areas represent 18 biogeographic subregions and may contain 28 extant threatened mammals, birds and reptiles including 18 vulnerable species, 7 endangered species and 3 critically endangered species. An average of nine threatened species or their habitats were identified per cluster, and over three quarters (78.6%) of these species face at least one threat that is being mitigated within clusters. The true status of threatened and pest species within clusters is largely unknown or unrecorded in most cases, but some examples of pest eradication and threatened species recovery are already emerging. Given the vast size of the cluster fenced estate, the many different biomes and species that it represents and the nature of the threats being removed within these fenced areas, we contend that agricultural cluster fencing may offer an unprecedented opportunity to advance threatened fauna conservation goals for some species at scales previously thought impossible and should be a research priority for threatened species managers.
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Ingram, Janeane, and Jamie B. Kirkpatrick. "Native vertebrate herbivores facilitate native plant dominance in old fields while preventing native tree invasion — implications for threatened species." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130331.
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In a world in which reconstruction of the ‘natural’ does not necessarily result in the best outcomes for biodiversity, it is important to consider the implications of management change on faunal populations in protected areas, and on the future of the species that are most in need of protecting. On the old fields of Maria Island National Park, Tasmania we use vegetation data from exclosure plots and adjacent controls to reveal that current populations of native vertebrate herbivores prevent tree and shrub invasion of marsupial lawns and reduce the abundance of introduced plants. This maintenance of marsupial lawns may be less effective after an insurance population of the endangered marsupial carnivore, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii, is introduced to the island. Native vertebrate herbivores represent potential prey for the devils, impacting on grazing regimes and plant succession. Vegetation change is most likely to favour two threatened bird species, while reducing the prospects for the threatened Tasmanian Devil and potentially threatened Tasmanian Pademelon Thylogale billardierii.
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Salariato, Diego L., and Fernando O. Zuloaga. "Diversity patterns and conservation status of native argentinean crucifers (Brassicaceae)." Darwiniana, nueva serie 8, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 530–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2020.82.922.
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Global warming, coupled with habitat destruction and human activity, are accelerating the rates of species extinction worldwide. Species-extinction risk assessment using the IUCN Red List categories, together with the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity, are fundamental approaches for identifying conservation priorities and targeting government decisions to mitigate impacts on biodiversity. Here, we analyzed the geographic distribution of Argentinean species of Brassicaceae using species point distributional data. In this way, we classified species following the IUCN threat categories at a regional level, and analyzed patterns of richness, endemism, and threat on the different ecoregions and biomes of the country. In addition, we also explored differences in elevation, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and aridity between endemic vs. non-endemic and threatened vs. non-threatened species. The results showed that of the 162 Argentinean taxa, 58 species were here categorized as threatened (VU, EN, or CR) (36%). However, when only endemics are considered, more than half of these (33 spp, 57%) are threatened. Although species inhabit all environments and biogeographic regions of the country, arid to semi-arid areas, which are associated to the Andes and the Patagonian steppe, contained most of the species. Specifically, the Central Andean Puna and the Patagonian steppe ecoregions included the greatest number of species, endemics, and threatened species. Furthermore, different hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat were detected along Andean regions and the Patagonian steppe, and endemics were characterized by inhabiting on average drier areas than non-endemic native species. An up-to-date species list, including conservation status, distribution maps for all species, hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat, are also provided. This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the Argentinean flora and its conservation, complementing the information published in the Flora of Argentina.
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Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M., Jarrett R. Johnson, D. Kevin Kump, Jeramiah J. Smith, S. Randal Voss, and H. Bradley Shaffer. "Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 8 (February 2, 2010): 3606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911802107.
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Taccari, Leonardo E., Alina G. Greslebin, María E. Salgado Salomón, and María L. Vélez. "Two conifer species native to Patagonia threatened by Phytophthora austrocedri." Forest Pathology 49, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): e12496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12496.
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Pan, Kaixuan, Merijn Moens, Leon Marshall, Ellen Cieraad, Geert R. de Snoo, and Koos Biesmeijer. "Importance of natural land cover for plant species’ conservation: A nationwide study in The Netherlands." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): e0259255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259255.
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While shifts to high-intensity land cover have caused overwhelming biodiversity loss, it remains unclear how important natural land cover is to the occurrence, and thus the conservation, of different species groups. We used over 4 million plant species’ observations to evaluate the conservation importance of natural land cover by its association with the occurrence probability of 1 122 native and 403 exotic plant species at 1 km resolution by species distribution models. We found that 74.9% of native species, 83.9% of the threatened species and 77.1% rare species preferred landscapes with over 50% natural land cover, while these landscapes only accounted for 15.6% of all grids. Most species preferred natural areas with a mixture of forest and open areas rather than areas with completely open or forested nature. Compared to native species, exotic species preferred areas with lower natural land cover and the cover of natural open area, but they both preferred extremely high and low cover of natural forest area. Threatened and rare species preferred higher natural land cover, either cover of natural forest area or cover of natural open area than not threatened and common species, but rare species were also more likely to occur in landscapes with 0–25% cover of natural open area. Although more natural land cover in a landscape will not automatically result in more native species, because there is often a non-linear increase in species occurrence probability when going from 0% to 100% natural land cover, for conserving purposes, over 80% natural land cover should be kept in landscapes for conserving threatened and very rare species, and 60% natural land cover is the best for conserving common native species. Our results stress the importance of natural areas for plant species’ conservation. It also informs improvements to species conservation by increasing habitat diversity.
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Gould, William, and Robert Moore. "Baseline Inventories of Fish, Reptile, Mammal, Amphibian and Avian Species of the Knife River Indian Villages N.R.S." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 10 (January 1, 1986): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1986.2581.
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The ongoing research has the following objectives. 1. Establish baseline data on vertebrate populations and their ecological distributions. 2. Identify and estimate population sizes for state and federally listed threatened or endangered species and develop management recommendations for them. 3. Identify and estimate population sizes of exotic species. The study will provide basic management information relative to threatened or endangered species and relative to maintenance of native species in the remnants of native prairie and Missouri River bottom land on the KNRI.
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Broughton, D. A., and J. H. McAdam. "A Red Data List for the Falkland Islands vascular flora." Oryx 36, no. 3 (July 2002): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000509.
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The Falkland Islands are situated in the South Atlantic and have a native flora of 171 vascular plant species. Although a relatively high proportion of the native flora is of conservation concern, this is poorly recognized, both nationally and internationally. Typically, threatened species occur as only a few small, isolated populations, and they are facing increasing pressure from land-use change, particularly agricultural intensification. This paper presents the first national Red Data List for the Falkland Islands, and provides an overview of the 23 threatened plants of the archipelago as well as covering another 16 species of relevance to the national conservation strategy. This Red List provides an important first step towards the recognition and conservation of the threatened native flora of the Falkland Islands at both the national and international level.
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R. Fulton, Graham. "The Threatened and Non-Threatened Native Vertebrate Fauna of New South Wales: Status and Ecological Attributes." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (2003): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030157.
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THIS monograph presents the status of all mammal, bird, reptile and frog species in NSW and compares ecological attributes at the familial level. It has been compiled by a diverse array of experts including the authors. The monograph identifies the status of each species and provides their ecological attributes from which patterns of decline (or increase) may be determined. It provides the first official list of vertebrate fauna in NSW and gives scores for each variable affecting species status, which explain the reasons for their inclusion or exclusion in the Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995). The most significant function of the monograph is the establishment of baseline data for future studies. In addition, the report identifies the magnitude of problems faced, provides new material, ideas and direction for conservation programs.
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Dickman, C. R., L. K. P. Leung, and S. M. Van Dyck. "Status, ecological attributes and conservation of native rodents in Queensland." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97130.
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In total, 41 species of native rodents have been recorded from Queensland, more than for any other State or Territory in Australia. Assessments of status for these species, using information on patterns of distribution and abundance, indicate that 21 species remain common, 3 are rare, 2 are vulnerable, 7 are endangered and 8 are presumed extinct. Comparisons of body weights, habits and habitats revealed no differences between common and threatened species, but species with broad diets have tended to remain common compared with dietary specialists. South-eastern Queensland has relatively more threatened and extinct species combined than the richer north-east, while species that occur or occurred in two or more regions are more likely to have remained common than those that occurred in one region only. All 12 extant rare and threatened species appear to be afflicted by one or more threatening processes, with only seven of these having ranges that coincide with reserved land. Although native rodents have fared better in Queensland than in other, principally southern States, their status leaves no room for complacency for future management. We propose several measures for survey, research, management and education to assist progress toward conservation goals.
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Frachon, Natacha. "Plant Health Protocols for the Reintroduction of Native Plants." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 11 (October 29, 2013): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2013.50.
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Many botanic gardens and conservation agencies are now cultivating threatened native species specifically for reintroduction programmes in response to the second part of Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). While collection, cultivation and reintroduction techniques are frequently discussed in workshops and described in papers, few seem to have considered the threats of introducing non-native pests, diseases, weeds and hybrids between different populations of the same species. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh has been cultivating plants for its Target 8 programme since 2005 and now grows 82 per cent threatened Scottish species. It is running active reintroduction programmes for nine of these species with programmes planned for a further five species. In recent years increasing attention has been paid to reducing the risks of introducing non-native organisms and hybrids between different populations of native species into the wild.This paper describes the protocols that have been developed, including verification, screening for pests and diseases, averting spontaneous hybridisation and preparing plants for reintroduction.
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Gardner, Zoë E., Lorna Lueck, and Lyle E. Craker*. "Morphological Variation in Black Cohosh—A Threatened Medicinal Plant." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 779A—779. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.779a.
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Black cohosh [Actaea racemosa L.; syn. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt], a plant native to the eastern United States, is believed to have been used as a medicinal by Native Americans for thousands of years. Currently, the root of the species is popular as a herbal remedy for the relief of menopausal symptoms. Recent estimates suggest that over 90% of the black cohosh sold is collected from the wild, resulting in an unsustainable harvest of ≈9 million individual plants per year. This study investigated the morphological variation of the plant at the population and species levels to assist plant breeders working on domestication and government agencies responsible for conservation of the species. Examination of leaves and flowers suggest morphological of the species is relatively low, but that several populations have unique morphological characteristics.
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Wan, Justin S. H., Keith L. McDougall, and Edward C. Y. Liew. "The susceptibility of rare and threatened NSW species to the root-rot pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi: 1. Initial testing and identification of key research questions." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 7 (2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19090.
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In Australia disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi can have devastating impacts on native vegetation, especially on plant species with restricted distributions. The identification of susceptible threatened species is a crucial first step in understanding disease aetiology and selecting appropriate management. In a glasshouse trial, plants of 16 rare and threatened New South Wales native species from 10 families were inoculated with the pathogen. Phebalium squamulosum spp. alpinum was included as a susceptible control. We found that three species are highly susceptible to the pathogen (Nematolepis rhytidophylla (Albr. & N.G.Walsh) Paul G.Wilson, Prostanthera marifolia R.Br., Pultenaea sp. ‘Genowlan Point’); four others (Hibbertia spanantha Toelken & A.F.Rob, Phebalium bifidum P.H.Weston & M.J.Turton, Plinthanthesis rodwayi (C.E.Hubb.) S.T.Blake, Pomaderris delicata N.G.Walsh & Coates) are likely to be susceptible based on symptoms. The remaining species had few or no plant deaths and no pathogen recovery from the roots. All of the species regarded as highly susceptible are known from single populations. Following these results, subsequent research will assess the efficacy of prophylactic treatment on highly susceptible threatened species, and test whether glasshouse tests are indicative of field responses. Other threatened species will also be tested for susceptibility.
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Caruso, Yole. "Thermoregulation comparisons between a threatened native and an invasive lizard species." Herpetological Journal, Volume 31 Number 2 (April 1, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj31.2.7076.
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Lizard thermoregulation is costly and is largely behavioural. Podarcis raffonei, endemic of few islets of the Aeolian archipelago (southern Italy), is one of the most threatened lizards in Europe, its survival being under threat also due to the presence of the congeneric P. siculus, a successful invader characterised by behavioural plasticity and effectiveness and precision at regulating body temperature (Tb). We tested whether thermoregulation behaviour diverges between the two species by analysing (i) the heating rates under a standard thermal condition, and (ii) the temperature at which lizards ended basking (Tfinal) along a thermal gradient. Overall, we found behavioural differences between the two lizards (i.e. P. siculus exhibited lower Tfinal), although both species had comparable heating rates and thermoregulated in the same thermal conditions. The invasive P. siculus had lower Tfinal and, since heating rates were similar between species, it expended less time basking than native P. raffonei. We speculate that the observed thermal ecology differences could provide a selective advantage to P. siculus in the harsh island environment.
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Essl, Franz, Dietmar Moser, Thomas Dirnböck, Stefan Dullinger, Norbert Milasowszky, Marten Winter, and Wolfgang Rabitsch. "Native, alien, endemic, threatened, and extinct species diversity in European countries." Biological Conservation 164 (August 2013): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.005.
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Craig, Cody Andrew, and Timothy Hallman Bonner. "Drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys for inland fishes of Texas." ZooKeys 874 (September 2, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.35618.
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Species checklists and dichotomous keys are valuable tools that provide many services for ecological studies and management through tracking native and non-native species through time. We developed nine drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys for 196 inland fishes of Texas, consisting of 171 native fishes and 25 non-native fishes. Our checklists were updated from previous checklists and revised using reports of new established native and non-native fishes in Texas, reports of new fish occurrences among drainages, and changes in species taxonomic nomenclature. We provided the first dichotomous keys for major drainage basins in Texas. Among the 171 native inland fishes, 6 species are considered extinct or extirpated, 13 species are listed as threatened or endangered by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and 59 species are listed as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) by the state of Texas. Red River drainage basin was the most speciose with 120 fishes. Rio Grande & Pecos drainage basin had the greatest number of threatened or endangered fishes (N = 7) and the greatest number of SGCN fishes (N = 28). We revised drainage basin occurrences for 77 species. Drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys provide finer resolution of species distributions within the geopolitical boundaries of Texas and can reduce probability of errors in fish identification errors by removing species not occurring within a natural boundary.
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John, Linda, Sujith V. Gopalan, S. Priyanka, and Krishna Panicker Laladhas. "Sighting of Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758) (Psittaciformes: Psittaculidae) from Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 4 (April 26, 2016): 8732. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2201.8.4.8732-8735.
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Red-breasted Parakeet is one among the most widespread parakeets of the world. The ‘Near Threatened’ bird has been in pet trade for long and is already known as a feral bird from major cities in India. The biodiversity of India has been threatened by many alien invasive species and some have been of a serious threat to native species pushing them to extinction. Though Red-breasted Parakeet with a limited population in many of the cities is of no immediate threat, an increase in population can be of serious threat to native bird species. In this paper, we report the new sighting of Red-breasted Parakeet from Vellayani-Punjakari wetlands, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and discuss the possible threats this particular species can impart to the native bird diversity.
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Ferguson, Jake M., Mark L. Taper, Christopher S. Guy, and John M. Syslo. "Mechanisms of coexistence between native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): inferences from pattern-oriented modeling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 4 (April 2012): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-177.
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Determining the ecological mechanisms that control population abundances is an important issue for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. We examined whether a threatened bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ) population could coexist at observed levels with the ecologically similar introduced species, lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ), using a pattern-oriented analysis of population dynamics models. We used a large suite of stage- and age-structured models to examine how both competitive and predatory interactions, combined with differing life-history strategies and species vital rates, drove salmonid coexistence patterns. In our models, an ontogenetic shift in juvenile bull trout resource use was the most important factor contributing to the two species coexistence; however, this coexistence occurred with reduced abundances in bull trout that increase the chances of extirpation for the native species. Observed levels of competition were found to have stronger effects than predation on population abundances. We used a pattern-oriented modeling approach to inference; this approach assumes process models that can generate patterns similar to the observed patterns are better supported than those that cannot. This methodology may find wide use on a number of data-limited fishery management and conservation problems.
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Dickman, Christopher R., Daniel Lunney, and Alison Matthews. "Ecological attributes and conservation of native rodents in New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97133.
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In New South Wales, at least 28 species of native rodents have been recorded since European settlement. Four of these are extinct nationally, six are extinct in the State, six are vulnerable and four are endangered; only eight remain non-threatened. Declines and losses have been greatest in central and western New South Wales and least in the State’s north-east. Neither body weight nor habit are associated with status, but taxa such as Rattus species with broad diets and habitat preferences remain generally less threatened than ecological specialists. Threatening processes affect all vulnerable and endangered species, with predation from introduced carnivores, grazing from livestock, clearance of vegetation and changed fire regimes being among the most severe. No species occur entirely on reserved land, while two endangered species have no secure land tenure. A program of survey, research, management and education is proposed to help achieve recovery.
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West, R. S., L. Tilley, and K. E. Moseby. "A trial reintroduction of the western quoll to a fenced conservation reserve: implications of returning native predators." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19041.
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While fenced reserves provide sanctuary for many threatened prey species, few projects have reintroduced native threatened predators, despite their potential role in regulating prey, addressing prey naivety, trophic regulation, and predator conservation. We aimed to investigate a set of issues unique to predator reintroduction into fenced reserves: how to contain predators that are naturally wide roaming, how to estimate carrying capacity, and will native predators impact resident threatened species? We conducted a trial reintroduction of four western quolls (Dasyurus geoffroii) (two males, two females) into a fenced reserve where four threatened prey species had been reintroduced and feral cats and foxes excluded. We monitored quoll survival, diet, movement and reproduction. Nocturnal foraging ranges measured over a fortnight were 3–17km2, favouring burrows in dune habitat for shelter. Dietary analysis indicated a preference for reintroduced bettongs and western barred bandicoots, and resident hopping mice. Successful breeding was recorded but the two male quolls eventually escaped the reserve by climbing over the external fence and did not return. Results suggest that quoll reintroductions to fenced reserves will require fence designs that enable quolls to climb back into the reserve, threat management outside the reserve, and close monitoring of prey species.
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Kirkpatrick, J. B. "Collateral benefit: unconscious conservation of threatened plant species." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06104.
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In Europe, the conservation of rare or threatened plant species (ROTS) largely involves the manipulation of anthropogenic disturbance regimes rather than the mitigation of human-induced threatening processes, as has been the case in Australia. In Tasmania, there are many ROTS, especially those of the depleted and stock-grazed grasslands and grassy woodlands, which survive because, unconscious of the needs of ROTS, people have disturbed land in ways that suit their life-cycle requirements. Such species are found in quarries, in borrow pits, in scrapes, on roadsides, on track edges, on old roads, under introduced trees, in heavily grazed native pastures, in regenerating clearfell coupes and on mown ground. They are disturbance-dependent species, usually with poor competitive abilities. Many cannot survive stock-grazing. Unconscious conservation of these species needs to become conscious, in the European manner. Spatial heterogeneity in disturbance regimes is important for maintaining this set of species, whereas temporal heterogeneity is likely to lead to their doom.
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Morris, K. D. "The status and conservation of native rodents in Western Australia." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97054.
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This paper examines the conservation status of Western Australia’s native rodent fauna using IUCN criteria and compares this with their current status under State and Commonwealth legislation, as well as that recommended in the Rodent Action Plan. Of the 35 native rodent taxa known in Western Australia, four (11%) are currently listed as extinct, and six (17%) as threatened under Western Australian legislation. Nine are listed as threatened under Commonwealth legislation. It is proposed that two, currently unlisted, island sub-species should be regarded as threatened. Some decreases in conservation status are also proposed. Predation by feral cats, habitat destruction and the use of surface shelter structures are suggested as primary factors in the decline of native rodents. Conservation programs are underway for most threatened taxa in Western Australia, including the implementation of recovery plans for the Shark Bay mouse and greater stick-nest rat. The heath rat is the only threatened rodent lacking a conservation program in Western Australia. The work planned or required for rodent conservation is presented and includes survey for the critically endangered central rock-rat, and translocation programs for other threatened taxa. The distribution of most taxa is relatively well known; however, there is a need to commence, or complete, taxonomic assessment of some.
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Kurniawan, Vandra, Dwinda Mariska Putri, and Muhammad Imam Surya. "Current Status of Threatened Plant Collections in Cibodas Botanical Garden Based on IUCN Red List." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2020.vol9iss1pp31-42.
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One of the main task of Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) is to conserve the Indonesian plants species. Moreover, the preservation and enrichment of threatened plant collections based on IUCN red list categories became an important programme for plants conservation in CBG. The aims of this study are to inventory threatened plant collections and to review the status of CBG threatened plant collections. List of threatened plant collections was gathered from SINDATA, a system developed by CBG. The collection, was reviewed by inspecting current collections in CBG. Literature study was done to review the conservation status of the threatened plant collections. The conservation status was checked in IUCN red list website. The results shown that CBG had collected 86 species of threatened plants, which is 13 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 39 Endangered (EN) species, and 34 Vulnerable (VU) species. Critically endangered category consists of 13 species belong to 8 families and 10 genus. Endangered category consists of 39 species belong to 17 families and 34 genus. Vulnerable category consists of 34 species belong to 27 families and 28 genus. The largest collections of threatened species was genus Nepenthes, which is 16% (14 species) from the total threatened species in CBG. Furthermore, CBG had succeeded in collecting 40 species of Indonesian native plants in which Dipterocarpaceae species were dominate the collection with 7 species. These species are listed as critically endangered (3 species) and endangered (4 species).
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Stevens, Scott D., and Troy I. Wellicome. "A Survey for Federally Listed Grassland Birds at First Nations Reserves." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i4.178.
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We surveyed native and non-native grassland for federally listed grassland bird species at Reserves and/or Treaty Land Entitlements (TLE) belonging to five First Nations in the prairie ecozone of Canada. Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis – of special concern), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus – threatened), and Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus – of special concern) were observed at five of 335, three of 361, and five of 329 survey points within their respective geographic ranges. Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii – threatened) was observed at 69 of 361 survey points and accounted for 84% of sites with listed birds. Estimates of proportions of native and non-native grassland within 400 m of survey points indicated that Sprague’s Pipit preferred native grassland. Despite special effort, the Burrowing Owl (Athene culicularia – endangered) was not observed, although a nest from a previous year was encountered. We recorded the greatest number of species and individuals on reserves located in mixed and moist-mixed grasslands that contained large portions of native grassland. In many instances, field assessments revealed unsuitable habitat at sites that remote-sensing data classified as suitable.
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Hasnat, G. N., M. Hossain, M. Bhuiyan, and M. Alam. "Fourteen Threatened Native Trees of Bangladesh: Which Pretreatment Generates Maximum Germination Percent?" Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2015-a8wjs2.
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Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on germination of fourteen threatened native tree species of Bangladesh was studied to find out the appropriate pre-sowing treatments to speed up germination rate of the required and desired species. Hard coated fruits and seeds of Canarium resiniferum, Castanopsis indica, Protium serratum, Quercus acuminata and Vitex peduncularis were treated with sand paper, nicking, cold water, hot water, H2SO4 and HCl. Seeds of Brownlowia elata, Dichopsis polyantha, Firmiana colorata, Lophopetalum fimbriatum, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Pterygota alata and Sterculia villosa were sown in polybags, propagator house and nursery bed in normal, flat and in 450 angle position. Hard fruits of Castanopsis indica sown in polybags without any treatment showed 25% germination but increased to 67% when fruits were treated with sand paper rubbing at the distal end. Seeds of Lophopetalum fimbriatum germinated only 26% when sown normally in polybags but when sown in propagator house it increased to 90%. Different species response differently with pre-sowing treatments but in general pre-sowing treatments increases the germination percent in all the species.
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Reynolds, John D., Thomas J. Webb, and Lorraine A. Hawkins. "Life history and ecological correlates of extinction risk in European freshwater fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-066.
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We used phylogenetically based comparative analyses to test for associations between extinction risk in European freshwater fishes and a variety of life history, ecological, and biogeographical traits. Based on the World Conservation Union classification scheme, a total of 47% of Europe's 287 native species are classified as threatened with extinction. Threatened species are significantly smaller than less-threatened species in the same genera when analyses are restricted to fully freshwater species. This trend is reversed when anadromous genera are included. These comprise many large-bodied species in which fishing has often played a greater role in declines than in other taxa. Threatened species did not differ significantly in their habitats, although they tended to occupy a narrower variety of habitats biased toward streams and rivers. Threatened species occupy much narrower latitudinal ranges than close relatives that are less threatened, and they also have more southerly distributions where pressures on habitats are intense. This study suggests that links between life histories and threat status of freshwater fishes are not as clearcut as for marine species. For fish restricted entirely to freshwater, small-bodied species are most at risk owing to their naturally small ranges, which may put them in a more precarious position when their habitats are impacted by humans.
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Dickman, Christopher R., Sarah M. Legge, and John C. Z. Woinarski. "Assessing Risks to Wildlife from Free-Roaming Hybrid Cats: The Proposed Introduction of Pet Savannah Cats to Australia as a Case Study." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100795.
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Hybrid cats—created by crossing different species within the family Felidae—are popular pets, but they could potentially threaten native species if they escape and establish free-roaming populations. To forestall this possibility, the Australian government imposed a specific ban on importation of the savannah cat, a hybrid created by crossing the domestic cat Felis catus and serval Leptailurus serval, in 2008. We develop a decision–framework that identifies those species of non-volant native mammals in Australia that would likely have been susceptible to predation by savannah cats if importation and establishment had occurred. We assumed that savannah cats would hunt ecologically similar prey to those that are depredated by both the domestic cat and the serval, and categorised native mammals as having different levels of susceptibility to predation by savannah cats based on their size, habitat range, and behaviour. Using this framework, we assessed savannah cats as likely to add at least 28 extant native mammal species to the 168 that are known already to be susceptible to predation by the domestic cat, posing a risk to 91% of Australia’s extant non-volant terrestrial mammal species (n = 216) and to 93% of threatened mammal species. The framework could be generalised to assess risks from any other hybrid taxa.
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Seabrook-Davidson, Mark N. H., and Dianne H. Brunton. "Public attitude towards conservation in New Zealand and awareness of threatened species." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140286.
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A survey was conducted amongst a sample (n = 3 000) of the New Zealand public to gauge their perception of government spending on conservation. The survey also obtained an understanding of the level of awareness the public has of New Zealand threatened species. Respondents ranked eight areas of government spending, namely health, education, superannuation, law and order, defence, conservation of native species, primary industry research & development and tourism. From a response rate of n = 131 (4.5%), health and education were ranked the highest, followed by law and order with conservation in fourth position. Except for conservation of native species, these rankings by respondents closely aligned with priorities of average annual government spending. Awareness was the highest for endemic species such as kiwi Apteryx spp, Hector’s dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori, kokako Callaeas cinerea cinerea, kakapo Strigops habroptilus, takahe Porphyrio mantelli, Maui’s dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori maui and tuatara Sphenodon punctatus. The awareness for these prominent species may suggest that the Department of Conservation is achieving some success in its advocacy role to increase the public’s awareness of species threatened with extinction. With awareness of threatened species and the moderate ranking given to conservation expenditure, it is evident there is a level of public support for expenditure on protection of biodiversity and natural heritage.
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Claridge, Andrew W., Douglas J. Mills, and Simon C. Barry. "Prevalence of threatened native species in canid scats from coastal and near-coastal landscapes in south-eastern Australia." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09038.
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Predator scat analysis was used to infer the potential impact of wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo, C. l. familiaris and hybrids of the two) on threatened native terrestrial mammals in coastal and near-coastal southern New South Wales, Australia. Prey items recorded in wild dog scats were compared with those occurring in scats of the red fox collected at the same study sites. Six threatened mammal species were recorded in either wild dog or fox scats: eastern pygmy possum, grey-headed flying fox, long-nosed potoroo, southern brown bandicoot, white-footed dunnart and yellow-bellied glider. The prevalence of these threatened species in fox scats was significantly higher than in wild dog scats. Otherwise, wild dogs mostly consumed larger prey items such as swamp wallabies and wombats whereas foxes more heavily preyed on small mammals such as antechinus and rats. Our results suggest that foxes are the major threat to threatened mammal species in the study region. Land management agencies in south-eastern mainland Australia should therefore focus on controlling foxes for biodiversity gain.
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Hradsky, Bronwyn A. "Conserving Australia’s threatened native mammals in predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes." Wildlife Research 47, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19027.
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Abstract Inappropriate fire regimes and predation by introduced species each pose a major threat to Australia’s native mammals. They also potentially interact, an issue that is likely to be contributing to the ongoing collapse of native mammal communities across Australia. In the present review, I first describe the mechanisms through which fire could create predation pinch points, exacerbating the impacts of predators, including red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and feral cats, Felis catus, on their native mammalian prey. These mechanisms include a localised increase in predator activity (a numerically mediated pathway) and higher predator hunting success after fire (a functionally moderated pathway), which could both increase native mammal mortality and limit population recovery in fire-affected landscapes. Evidence for such interactions is growing, although largely based on unreplicated experiments. Improving native mammal resilience to fire in predator-invaded landscapes requires addressing two key questions: how can the impacts of introduced predators on native mammals in fire-affected areas be reduced; and, does a reduction in predation by introduced species result in higher native mammal survival and population recovery after fire? I then examine potential management options for reducing predator impacts post-fire. The most feasible are landscape-scale predator control and the manipulation of fire regimes to create patchy fire scars. However, robust field experiments with adequate statistical power are required to assess the effectiveness of these approaches and preclude null (e.g. compensatory mortality) or adverse (e.g. mesopredator or competitor release) outcomes. Ongoing predator management and prescribed burning programs provide an opportunity to learn through replicated natural experiments as well as experimental manipulations. Standardised reporting protocols and cross-jurisdiction monitoring programs would help achieve necessary spatial and environmental replication, while multi-trophic, spatially explicit simulation models could help synthesise findings from disparate study designs, predict management outcomes and generate new hypotheses. Such approaches will be key to improving management of the complex mechanisms that drive threatened native mammal populations in Australia’s predator-invaded, fire-prone landscapes.
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Espinosa-Molina, Martín, Ignacio A. Rodriguez-Jorquera, and Volker Beckmann. "Effect and difference between the threatened and endemic status on the general public support towards wildlife species in a biodiversity hotspot." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 11 (July 6, 2021): 3219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02245-0.
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AbstractGeneral public inclusion in nature conservation is crucial to accomplish wildlife species recovery. Mammal and bird species usually receive most of the research and general public attention, leaving aside other taxa species. It is necessary to obtain general public support towards other taxa species by emphasizing ecological attributes. Here we test if the disclosure of the threatened and endemic status of amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, could increase general public support. Additionally, we wanted to identify if the threatened and endemic status could implicate a difference in support. Interviews (N: 359) were conducted among the general public in Valdivia, Chile, to elicit the support, allocation of a fictional fixed amount of conservation funds (WTS), towards native wildlife species. The species were two mammals, and four bird species, none threatened nor endemic, and two amphibians, one fish, and three invertebrates, all threatened and endemic. The WTS was derived on two occasions for each participant. Firstly presenting colorful pictures with the name of the species and, secondly, adding the threatened and endemic status in two separate treatments. Results indicated mammal and bird species with significantly higher WTS when pictures and names were provided. The main driver was a misperception of the threatened status of these species. When the threatened and endemic status was disclosed, the WTS significantly shift towards the amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. No difference in the WTS was spotted between the threatened or endemic status. As our results indicate participants associate charismatic species (mammal and birds) with threatened status. We encourage nature conservation entities to promote a broader spectrum of wildlife species by emphasizing conservation needs.
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Canavero, Andrés, Santiago Carreira, José A. Langone, Federico Achaval, Claudio Borteiro, Arley Camargo, Inés da Rosa, et al. "Conservation status assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 100, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 05–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212010000100001.
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The native species of amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay were categorized according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Out of 47 amphibian species, seven are listed as Critically Endangered (CR), five as Endangered (EN), one as Vulnerable (VU), three as Near Threatened (NT), and two as Data Deficient (DD); the remaining species are considered to be Least Concern (LC). Among the 64 species of reptiles evaluated, one is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), seven as Endangered (EN), two as Vulnerable (VU), one as Near Threatened (NT) and seven as Data Deficient (DD); the rest are considered to be Least Concern (LC). The use of these results as an additional criterion in the definition of protected areas in Uruguay will contribute towards the conservation of the aforementioned threatened species and their associated ecosystems.
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Christensen, Carl C., Kenneth A. Hayes, and Norine W. Yeung. "Taxonomy, Conservation, and the Future of Native Aquatic Snails in the Hawaiian Islands." Diversity 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050215.
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Freshwater systems are among the most threatened habitats in the world and the biodiversity inhabiting them is disappearing quickly. The Hawaiian Archipelago has a small but highly endemic and threatened group of freshwater snails, with eight species in three families (Neritidae, Lymnaeidae, and Cochliopidae). Anthropogenically mediated habitat modifications (i.e., changes in land and water use) and invasive species (e.g., Euglandina spp., non-native sciomyzids) are among the biggest threats to freshwater snails in Hawaii. Currently, only three species are protected either federally (U.S. Endangered Species Act; Erinna newcombi) or by Hawaii State legislation (Neritona granosa, and Neripteron vespertinum). Here, we review the taxonomic and conservation status of Hawaii’s freshwater snails and describe historical and contemporary impacts to their habitats. We conclude by recommending some basic actions that are needed immediately to conserve these species. Without a full understanding of these species’ identities, distributions, habitat requirements, and threats, many will not survive the next decade, and we will have irretrievably lost more of the unique books from the evolutionary library of life on Earth.
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Májeková, Jana, Dominik Roman Letz, Michal Slezák, Marica Zaliberová, and Richard Hrivnák. "Rare and threatened vascular plants of the railways in Slovakia." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 35, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2014-0024.
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Abstract The paper presents data on the occurrence and secondary spreading of rare and threatened vascular plant species in railway habitats of Slovakia. We recorded 17 threatened vascular plant species and other 9 species that we considered to be rare in Slovakia. They grew at railway stations, mainly directly in the rail yard and also at the platforms or other similar facilities. Records of further 39 species were excerpted from literature sources. More native thermophilous species were represented among the recorded species as railway substrates provide suitable conditions for their growth. Also some archaeophytic segetal species were found quite frequent in the studied biotopes due to spreading of their seeds together with cereals transported by trains. Various habitats of railway transport facilities often provide suitable conditions for the secondary occurrence and further spreading not only of synanthropic or adventive, but also of rare and threatened plant species.
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White, Laura, Claudia Catterall, Ben Wirf, and Kathryn Taffs. "Waterlogging tolerance of the threatened grass Arthraxon hispidus and implications for its habitat niche within endangered wetlands in north-eastern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 27, no. 1 (2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc20044.
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Knowledge of a target species’ habitat niche and physiological tolerances is important for conservation planning. However, these factors are not well understood for the threatened annual grass Arthraxon hispidus in New South Wales (NSW). Although the species is widespread in modified environments, recent studies have suggested that several threatened wetland types may represent original native habitat for the species, but documented field examples are lacking and the species’ physiological response to soil moisture is not clear. We undertook a detailed survey of an A. hispidus population within a relatively intact native sedgeland community, and carried out a nursery experiment to test the hydrological tolerances of the species. We found that A. hispidus plants grew more vigorously in poorly drained or waterlogged conditions, suggesting that the species is well-adapted to overcome such stressors, possibly through the formation of adventitious roots, a trait shared by many wetland plants globally. Our field survey confirmed that the A. hispidus population within the study site occurred only within species assemblages that were characteristic of a freshwater wetland formation and that matched descriptions of a listed endangered ecological community. These findings provide a deeper insight into the species’ habitat and threats, and offer a valuable management focus for conservation of A. hispidus as a component of threatened wetland communities in north-eastern NSW.
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White, Laura, Claudia Catterall, and Kathryn Taffs. "The habitat and management of hairy jointgrass (Arthraxon hispidus, Poaceae) on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19017.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological information about threatened species is required to guide strategic management approaches for effective biodiversity conservation in Australia. Arthraxon hispidus (hairy jointgrass) is a listed threatened species in New South Wales (NSW), but there is limited information on its habitat preferences and native vegetation associations, as well as the impact of historical and ongoing anthropogenic disturbance on its distribution and abundance. In the present study, populations of A. hispidus on the north coast of NSW were surveyed to investigate the habitat characteristics associated with various occurrences of the species. Its preferred habitat was found to be dense ground-cover formations in high-moisture, low-canopy conditions. Cover was highest in moisture-associated assemblages in and around wetlands, drainage lines and groundwater seepages, often in association with native grasses, sedges and herbs. These findings suggest that naturally open freshwater wetland communities comprise the most plausible native habitat niches for A. hispidus populations on the north coast of NSW. A. hispidus also occurs widely among introduced pastures and weeds in previously forested areas, demonstrating the species’ potential to exploit derived habitat. Results indicate that, although ongoing disturbance continues to promote A. hispidus in these exotic-dominated landscapes where historical clearing has created potential habitat opportunities, anthropogenic disturbance (slashing or cattle grazing) is not necessary to sustain A. hispidus within native-dominated wetland communities. Findings suggest more scope for integrated management of A. hispidus within broader native vegetation conservation strategies rather than a single species approach.
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Pethiyagoda Jr, Rohan S., and Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi. "Endangered anurans in a novel forest in the highlands of Sri Lanka." Wildlife Research 39, no. 7 (2012): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12079.
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Context Lands without agricultural or urban use embedded within agricultural and urban regions now account for ~35% of Earth’s terrestrial extent. Although created by human disturbances, these ‘novel ecosystems’, usually poor in native flora and often dominated by alien species, do not require human intervention for their maintenance. Given their large and increasing area, however, their ability to support native – and especially threatened – faunas warrants investigation. With 20 species already extinct and 47 of its 91 extant species assessed as Endangered or Critically Endangered, Sri Lanka’s amphibian fauna is in trouble. The 18 anurans (12 of these Endangered) occurring above 1500 m in the island’s central mountains are at particular risk from drastic declines in the extent and quality of habitat. Habitat restoration, however, is retarded by successional vegetation being arrested at least in the decadal time-frame by alien invasive species, creating a ‘novel ecosystem’. Aim To investigate whether such an ecosystem is able to support native anurans with a species richness and abundance comparable to that of neighbouring tropical montane cloud forest. Methods We surveyed 110 transects (each 20 m × 2 m) across three neighbouring locations covering three microhabitat-types, and recorded 552 specimens. One-way analyses of variance and post hoc, pair-wise Tukey’s tests were performed to test for differences in species richness and abundance among the three microhabitat types. Key result Of the 15 anuran species occurring in the neighbouring primary forest, 12 (eight of them Endangered) had established populations in the novel ecosystem (a former tea plantation), with abundances comparable to (or in some cases exceeding) those in primary forest. Conclusion Even young secondary forest dominated by alien plant species, in which native vegetation is almost wholly absent, can provide adequate habitat for most threatened highland anurans in Sri Lanka. Implications (1) Even if florally poor and dominated by alien species, novel ecosystems may present potential conservation opportunities for previously threatened faunas. (2) Threatened anurans exclusively dependent on primary forest and unable to utilise secondary-growth forest should receive greater conservation attention and be prioritised for in situ conservation measures. (3) Given their large and increasing extent globally, novel ecosystems should be considered as part of the area of occupancy of species able to complete their life cycles in them when assessed for conservation purposes, rather than being arbitrarily discarded as ‘degraded’.
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Jones, Holly P., Nick D. Holmes, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Bernie R. Tershy, Peter J. Kappes, Ilse Corkery, Alfonso Aguirre-Muñoz, et al. "Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 21, 2016): 4033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521179113.
Full textAbstract:
More than US$21 billion is spent annually on biodiversity conservation. Despite their importance for preventing or slowing extinctions and preserving biodiversity, conservation interventions are rarely assessed systematically for their global impact. Islands house a disproportionately higher amount of biodiversity compared with mainlands, much of which is highly threatened with extinction. Indeed, island species make up nearly two-thirds of recent extinctions. Islands therefore are critical targets of conservation. We used an extensive literature and database review paired with expert interviews to estimate the global benefits of an increasingly used conservation action to stem biodiversity loss: eradication of invasive mammals on islands. We found 236 native terrestrial insular faunal species (596 populations) that benefitted through positive demographic and/or distributional responses from 251 eradications of invasive mammals on 181 islands. Seven native species (eight populations) were negatively impacted by invasive mammal eradication. Four threatened species had their International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List extinction-risk categories reduced as a direct result of invasive mammal eradication, and no species moved to a higher extinction-risk category. We predict that 107 highly threatened birds, mammals, and reptiles on the IUCN Red List—6% of all these highly threatened species—likely have benefitted from invasive mammal eradications on islands. Because monitoring of eradication outcomes is sporadic and limited, the impacts of global eradications are likely greater than we report here. Our results highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands for protecting the world's most imperiled fauna.
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Miller, James S., and Holly A. Porter Morgan. "Assessing the effectiveness of Madagascar’s changing protected areas system: a case study of threatened Boraginales." Oryx 45, no. 2 (April 2011): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000803.
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AbstractThreat analyses of the Boraginales were conducted and used to assess the effectiveness of Madagascar’s current and proposed protected area systems in conserving the threatened species of a group of plants widespread in Madagascar. Specimen locality data for 52 species of four families of Boraginales were analysed to provisionally assign species to IUCN Red List categories. Six species were excluded from these global analyses as they are non-native and introduced. IUCN’s criterion B, analysis of geographical range, was found to be the most reliable means of estimating threat, and predicted future decline was found to overestimate threat. Twenty-six of the 46 native species of Boraginales were found to be threatened. Sixty-five percent of these have portions of their ranges in the 2002 protected areas system. When the protected areas system was expanded in 2006 the percentage of species with some protected populations increased to 78%. More than 93% would be protected if a series of proposed priority areas for plant conservation were protected. The implications of these analyses for the conservation of plant species in Madagascar are discussed.
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Rivière, S., and J. V. Müller. "Contribution of seed banks across Europe towards the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation targets, assessed through the ENSCONET database." Oryx 52, no. 3 (May 22, 2017): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316001496.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo meet the international biodiversity targets of the 2011–2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, it is important to assess the success of coordinated ex situ plant conservation initiatives such as the European Native Seed Conservation Network (ENSCONET), which operated during 2005–2009, and the ENSCONET Consortium, which was established in 2010. In particular, analysis of the ENSCONET database (ENSCOBASE) indicates that ex situ seed banks have been making significant progress towards meeting targets 8 (at least 75% of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20% available for recovery and restoration programmes) and 9 (70% of the genetic diversity of crops, including their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species, conserved, while respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge) for native European species. However, the infraspecific diversity of threatened species stored in ENSCONET seed banks needs to be increased to meet research and conservation objectives.
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Galib, Shams Muhammad. "Fish fauna of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh: richness, threats and conservation needs." Journal of Fisheries 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2015): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v3i3.2015.120.
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The Brahmaputra River is one of the largest rivers in the world as well as in Bangladesh. The present study was carried out for a period of one year from January to December 2013 with a view to assessing the availability of fishes in the river with species emphasis on species richness, existing threats and conservation issues. Daytime and night sampling were carried out in three sites located along the upstream to downstream course of the river on a monthly basis. Three fishing gears including cast net, seine net and drag net and one fishing trap were employed to collect fishes. A total of 67 finfish species including 63 indigenous and 4 exotic/alien species have been recorded belonging to 46 genera, 24 families and 8 orders. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were the most dominating order (21 species) family (15 species) of native fishes. A small portion (2%) of native fishes was globally threatened. Over one third of total species (38%) were considered threatened to extinct species in Bangladesh. Population trend of over two third of total fish species was Declining in the river. Major threats were alien/invasive species, banned fishing gears and loss of habitats.
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Galib, Shams Muhammad. "Fish fauna of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh: richness, threats and conservation needs." Journal of Fisheries 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2015): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.46.
Full textAbstract:
The Brahmaputra River is one of the largest rivers in the world as well as in Bangladesh. The present study was carried out for a period of one year from January to December 2013 with a view to assessing the availability of fishes in the river with species emphasis on species richness, existing threats and conservation issues. Daytime and night sampling were carried out in three sites located along the upstream to downstream course of the river on a monthly basis. Three fishing gears including cast net, seine net and drag net and one fishing trap were employed to collect fishes. A total of 67 finfish species including 63 indigenous and 4 exotic/alien species have been recorded belonging to 46 genera, 24 families and 8 orders. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were the most dominating order (21 species) family (15 species) of native fishes. A small portion (2%) of native fishes was globally threatened. Over one third of total species (38%) were considered threatened to extinct species in Bangladesh. Population trend of over two third of total fish species was Declining in the river. Major threats were alien/invasive species, banned fishing gears and loss of habitats.
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Mickaill, Lily N. N., Stephen A. J. Bell, and Chad T. Beranek. "Dispersal potential in two restricted and five wide-ranging Senecio (Asteraceae) taxa from central eastern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 5 (2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20015.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge on how life history traits affect distribution in range-restricted and endemic plants is paramount for conservation and management, particularly for threatened species. Traits relating to dispersal ability are important in the ongoing persistence of range restricted species and may present a pathway to extinction or invasion. This is evident in the highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus Senecio (Asteraceae), where both threatened and invasive species occur within Australia. In this study, propagule geometry, settling velocity and dispersal potential for two range-restricted and threatened native taxa (S. linearifolious var. dangarensis Belcher ex I.Thomps., S. spathulatus var. attenuatus I.Thomps.) are contrasted with four native taxa that occupy wider ranges (S. amygdalifolius F.Muell., S. l. var. arachnoideus I.Thomps., S. l. var. macrodontus (DC.) I.Thomps., S. pinnatifolius A.Rich. var. pinnatifolius) and one introduced, wide-ranging species (S. madagascariensis Poir.). Differences were found in settling velocity and propagule morphology across all taxa. Based on propagule morphology, S. amygdalifolius has the greatest dispersal potential, S. spathulatus var. attenuatus the smallest, whereas all other taxa were similar. Although useful, dispersal potential alone does not fully explain distributional differences between all range-restricted and widespread taxa, and close assessment of habitat attributes may be required to further elucidate dispersal limitations in some taxa.
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Bračić, Živa, Natalija Hočevar, and Nina Šajna. "Allelopathic potential of Helleborus dumetorum and its prospects for conservation with gardening." Glasilo Future 5, no. 5-6 (December 31, 2022): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32779/gf.5.5-6.2.
Full textAbstract:
To tackle global biodiversity loss, we will need to sustain biodiversity beyond protected areas. Here we present a case study of a rare and threatened native species Helleborus dumetorum. First, we assessed by laboratory experiments if H. dumetorum has a competitive advantage over weeds because of its allelopathic potential; secondly, we reviewed the literature to discuss if this threatened species could be conserved as an ornamental species for gardening while at the same time its cultivation would benefit local biodiversity. Using bioassays, we tested the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of H. dumetorum leaves and of soil samples, collected at or away from H. dumetorum plants, on garden cress Lepidium sativum germination and seedling development. The results confirmed the presence of H. dumetorum aqueous allelochemicals in leaves as well as allelopathic effects of the soil where H. dumetorum was growing, supporting the competitive advantage of H. dumetorum. Literature review combined with our observations in the field indicated more characteristics of H. dumetorum suitability for ornamental purposes and species’ conservational opportunities: easy and successful transplanting, survival in various habitats, no invasive potential, flowering in early spring, long-lived leaves. Our study shows, that considering threatened native plants for ornamentals could have a multitude of benefits for local biodiversity.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z., A. Fisher, M. Armstrong, K. Brennan, A. D. Griffiths, B. Hill, J. Low Choy, et al. "Monitoring indicates greater resilience for birds than for mammals in Kakadu National Park, northern Australia." Wildlife Research 39, no. 5 (2012): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11213.
Full textAbstract:
Context A previous study reported major declines for native mammal species from Kakadu National Park, over the period 2001–09. The extent to which this result may be symptomatic of more pervasive biodiversity decline was unknown. Aims Our primary aim was to describe trends in the abundance of birds in Kakadu over the period 2001–09. We assessed whether any change in bird abundance was related to the arrival of invading cane toads (Rhinella marina), and to fire regimes. Methods Birds were monitored at 136 1-ha plots in Kakadu, during the period 2001–04 and again in 2007–09. This program complemented sampling of the same plots over the same period for native mammals. Key results In contrast to the decline reported for native mammals, the richness and total abundance of birds increased over this period, and far more individual bird species increased than decreased. Fire history in the between-sampling period had little influence on trends for individual species. Interpretation of the overall positive trends for bird species in Kakadu over this period should be tempered by recognition that most of the threatened bird species present in Kakadu were unrecorded in this monitoring program, and the two threatened species for which there were sufficient records to assess trends – partridge pigeon (Geophaps smithii) and white-throated grass-wren (Amytornis woodwardi) – both declined significantly. Conclusions The current decline of the mammal fauna in this region is not reflected in trends for the region’s bird fauna. Some of the observed changes (mostly increases) in the abundance of bird species may be due to the arrival of cane toads, and some may be due to local or regional-scale climatic variation or variation in the amount of flowering. The present study provides no assurance about threatened bird species, given that most were inadequately recorded in the study (perhaps because their decline pre-dated the present study). Implications These contrasting trends between mammals and birds demonstrate the need for biodiversity monitoring programs to be broadly based. The declines of two threatened bird species over this period indicate the need for more management focus for these species.
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Pereira, Leonardo, José Milton Barbosa, and Raniere Sousa. "THE AMAZONIAN Arapaima CHANGES ITS STATUS FROM THREATENED SPECIES TO AN INVADER OF EARTH’S FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS." ACTA OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESSOURCES 10, no. 2 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46732/actafish.2022.10.2.97-107.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of the records was conducted regarding the locations on the planet in which Arapaima has been introduced from its natural habitats in areas of South America, whether for aquaculture or the aquarium trade. Originally, the global expansion of this species was intended to maintain its existence in the face of a perceived risk of extinction. However, the results of the intended and accidental spread of its distribution reveal that Arapaima is an invasive species that can endanger native fish species diversity. It is an air breather, which allows it to inhabit low oxygen conditions of warm tropical water, and a species that grows fast, attaining a large size when mature. It also presents parental care and is a generalist predator that feeds on many other species. Furthermore, it can escape from managed fish farms into natural waterways and establish viable populations without control. From the literature, 228 sites with records of Arapaima from around the world were identified, 95 of which are native sites for the species and 133 are sites where they were introduced. These sites are distributed in 28 countries in the Americas (North, Central and South), Europe, and Asia. Published results of introductions reveal that Arapaima has had negative impacts on native fish species, thus warranting closer attention in regards to how, when and where this species should be allowed.
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Wei, Jie, Zhulan Nie, Fenfen Ji, Longhui Qiu, and Jianzhong Shen. "Trophic Niche Overlap between Invasive and Indigenous Fish in a Northwest Reservoir of China." Water 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233459.
Full textAbstract:
The Kizil reservoir in the Tarim River basin is an important habitat for the native Schizothoracinae fish (including Aspiorhynchus laticeps, Schizothorax biddulphi, Schizothorax eurystomus, Schizothorax intermedius and Schizothorax barbatus). Unfortunately, these species are threatened by many exotic fish, such as Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Silurus asotus. As an isolated habitat, the Kizil reservoir is an ideal area for studying biological invasions. However, the impact of invasive species on indigenous species in this reservoir remains unknown. In this study, the niche width and niche overlap between invasive and indigenous species in Kizil reservoir were studied based on stable isotope analysis. The results showed that niche width of two invasive species, S. asotus and C. idellus, was larger than that of native fish species, which confirmed the hypotheses that successful invaders have larger niche width. The niche overlap analysis showed that the two invasive species had high niche overlap with native fish species, which meant that there might be intensive interspecific competitions between them. The invasion of non-native species could be the main reason for the decrease of native species in the Kizil reservoir.