Academic literature on the topic 'Threatened native species'
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Journal articles on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Van der Colff, Dewidine, Sabrina Kumschick, Wendy Foden, and John R. U. Wilson. "Comparing the IUCN’s EICAT and Red List to improve assessments of the impact of biological invasions." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52623.
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The IUCN recommends the use of two distinct schemes to assess the impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity at the species level. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Red List) categorises native species based on their risk of extinction. Such assessments evaluate the extent to which different pressures, including alien species, threaten native species. The much newer IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) categorises alien species on the degree to which they have impacted native species. Conceptually, the schemes are related. One would expect that: 1) if a native species is assessed as threatened under the Red List due to the impacts of alien species, then at least one alien species involved should be classified as harmful under EICAT; and 2) if an alien species is assessed as harmful under EICAT, then at least one native species impacted should be assessed as threatened by alien species under the Red List. Here we test this by comparing the impacts of alien gastropods, assessed using EICAT, to the impact on native species as assessed based on the Red List. We found a weak positive correlation, but it is clear there is not a simple one-to-one relationship. We hypothesise that the relationship between EICAT and the Red List statuses will follow one of three forms: i) the EICAT status of an alien species is closely correlated to the Red List status of the impacted native species; ii) the alien species is classed as ‘harmful’ under EICAT, but it does not threaten the native species with extinction as per the Red List (for example, the impacted native species is still widespread or abundant despite significant negative impacts from the alien species); or iii) the native species is classified as threatened under the Red List regardless of the impacts of the alien species (threatened species are impacted by other pressures with alien species potentially a passenger and not a driver of change). We conclude that the two schemes are complementary rather than equivalent, and provide some recommendations for how categorisations and data can be used in concert.
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LEVY, SHARON. "Native Incursions: Avian Range Expansions Imperil Threatened Species." BioScience 54, no. 2 (2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0094:niarei]2.0.co;2.
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Loomes, Robyn. "Tasmania's Threatened Fauna Handbook: What, Where and How to Protect Tasmania's Threatened Animals." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000175.
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Australia already has a long list of native species that have become extinct since the arrival of humans in this country. Even longer, however, is the list of flora and fauna currently under threat from human activity. Ongoing clearing, degradation and replacement of native vegetation combined with the invasion of exotic species, not only threatens the survival of endemic flora, but the animals clinging to existence in these vanishing habitats.
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Smith, Deane, Kristy Waddell, and Benjamin L. Allen. "Expansion of Vertebrate Pest Exclusion Fencing and Its Potential Benefits for Threatened Fauna Recovery in Australia." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091550.
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The global effort to conserve threatened species relies heavily on our ability to separate these species from the processes that threaten them, and a common tool used for this purpose is exclusion fencing. In Australia, pest animal exclusion fencing has been repeatedly used on conservation land on a small scale to successfully exclude introduced predators and competitors from threatened native fauna populations. However, in recent years, “cluster fencing” on agricultural land has re-emerged on a large scale and is used by livestock producers seeking to reduce predation losses by dingoes (Canis familiaris) and manage total grazing pressure from native and introduced herbivores, including red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus). Given that the primary threats to at-risk native fauna are also predation and overgrazing, there may be potential for cluster fencing on livestock land to achieve additional fauna conservation benefits. Understanding the amount, location and potential conservation value of cluster fenced livestock land is critical for determining how these areas might contribute to broader threatened fauna recovery goals. Drawing from publicly available databases maintained by the Australian Government, we assessed the spatial overlap of threatened species’ distributions with 105 cluster fences erected in Queensland since 2013, which cover 65,901 km2 of land. These cluster fenced areas represent 18 biogeographic subregions and may contain 28 extant threatened mammals, birds and reptiles including 18 vulnerable species, 7 endangered species and 3 critically endangered species. An average of nine threatened species or their habitats were identified per cluster, and over three quarters (78.6%) of these species face at least one threat that is being mitigated within clusters. The true status of threatened and pest species within clusters is largely unknown or unrecorded in most cases, but some examples of pest eradication and threatened species recovery are already emerging. Given the vast size of the cluster fenced estate, the many different biomes and species that it represents and the nature of the threats being removed within these fenced areas, we contend that agricultural cluster fencing may offer an unprecedented opportunity to advance threatened fauna conservation goals for some species at scales previously thought impossible and should be a research priority for threatened species managers.
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Ingram, Janeane, and Jamie B. Kirkpatrick. "Native vertebrate herbivores facilitate native plant dominance in old fields while preventing native tree invasion — implications for threatened species." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130331.
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In a world in which reconstruction of the ‘natural’ does not necessarily result in the best outcomes for biodiversity, it is important to consider the implications of management change on faunal populations in protected areas, and on the future of the species that are most in need of protecting. On the old fields of Maria Island National Park, Tasmania we use vegetation data from exclosure plots and adjacent controls to reveal that current populations of native vertebrate herbivores prevent tree and shrub invasion of marsupial lawns and reduce the abundance of introduced plants. This maintenance of marsupial lawns may be less effective after an insurance population of the endangered marsupial carnivore, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii, is introduced to the island. Native vertebrate herbivores represent potential prey for the devils, impacting on grazing regimes and plant succession. Vegetation change is most likely to favour two threatened bird species, while reducing the prospects for the threatened Tasmanian Devil and potentially threatened Tasmanian Pademelon Thylogale billardierii.
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Salariato, Diego L., and Fernando O. Zuloaga. "Diversity patterns and conservation status of native argentinean crucifers (Brassicaceae)." Darwiniana, nueva serie 8, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 530–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2020.82.922.
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Global warming, coupled with habitat destruction and human activity, are accelerating the rates of species extinction worldwide. Species-extinction risk assessment using the IUCN Red List categories, together with the study of the spatial patterns of biodiversity, are fundamental approaches for identifying conservation priorities and targeting government decisions to mitigate impacts on biodiversity. Here, we analyzed the geographic distribution of Argentinean species of Brassicaceae using species point distributional data. In this way, we classified species following the IUCN threat categories at a regional level, and analyzed patterns of richness, endemism, and threat on the different ecoregions and biomes of the country. In addition, we also explored differences in elevation, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and aridity between endemic vs. non-endemic and threatened vs. non-threatened species. The results showed that of the 162 Argentinean taxa, 58 species were here categorized as threatened (VU, EN, or CR) (36%). However, when only endemics are considered, more than half of these (33 spp, 57%) are threatened. Although species inhabit all environments and biogeographic regions of the country, arid to semi-arid areas, which are associated to the Andes and the Patagonian steppe, contained most of the species. Specifically, the Central Andean Puna and the Patagonian steppe ecoregions included the greatest number of species, endemics, and threatened species. Furthermore, different hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat were detected along Andean regions and the Patagonian steppe, and endemics were characterized by inhabiting on average drier areas than non-endemic native species. An up-to-date species list, including conservation status, distribution maps for all species, hotspots of richness, endemism, and threat, are also provided. This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the Argentinean flora and its conservation, complementing the information published in the Flora of Argentina.
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Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M., Jarrett R. Johnson, D. Kevin Kump, Jeramiah J. Smith, S. Randal Voss, and H. Bradley Shaffer. "Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 8 (February 2, 2010): 3606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911802107.
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Taccari, Leonardo E., Alina G. Greslebin, María E. Salgado Salomón, and María L. Vélez. "Two conifer species native to Patagonia threatened by Phytophthora austrocedri." Forest Pathology 49, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): e12496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12496.
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Pan, Kaixuan, Merijn Moens, Leon Marshall, Ellen Cieraad, Geert R. de Snoo, and Koos Biesmeijer. "Importance of natural land cover for plant species’ conservation: A nationwide study in The Netherlands." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): e0259255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259255.
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While shifts to high-intensity land cover have caused overwhelming biodiversity loss, it remains unclear how important natural land cover is to the occurrence, and thus the conservation, of different species groups. We used over 4 million plant species’ observations to evaluate the conservation importance of natural land cover by its association with the occurrence probability of 1 122 native and 403 exotic plant species at 1 km resolution by species distribution models. We found that 74.9% of native species, 83.9% of the threatened species and 77.1% rare species preferred landscapes with over 50% natural land cover, while these landscapes only accounted for 15.6% of all grids. Most species preferred natural areas with a mixture of forest and open areas rather than areas with completely open or forested nature. Compared to native species, exotic species preferred areas with lower natural land cover and the cover of natural open area, but they both preferred extremely high and low cover of natural forest area. Threatened and rare species preferred higher natural land cover, either cover of natural forest area or cover of natural open area than not threatened and common species, but rare species were also more likely to occur in landscapes with 0–25% cover of natural open area. Although more natural land cover in a landscape will not automatically result in more native species, because there is often a non-linear increase in species occurrence probability when going from 0% to 100% natural land cover, for conserving purposes, over 80% natural land cover should be kept in landscapes for conserving threatened and very rare species, and 60% natural land cover is the best for conserving common native species. Our results stress the importance of natural areas for plant species’ conservation. It also informs improvements to species conservation by increasing habitat diversity.
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Gould, William, and Robert Moore. "Baseline Inventories of Fish, Reptile, Mammal, Amphibian and Avian Species of the Knife River Indian Villages N.R.S." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 10 (January 1, 1986): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1986.2581.
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The ongoing research has the following objectives. 1. Establish baseline data on vertebrate populations and their ecological distributions. 2. Identify and estimate population sizes for state and federally listed threatened or endangered species and develop management recommendations for them. 3. Identify and estimate population sizes of exotic species. The study will provide basic management information relative to threatened or endangered species and relative to maintenance of native species in the remnants of native prairie and Missouri River bottom land on the KNRI.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Rinne, John N., and Brian Deason. "Habitat Availability and Use by Two Threatened Native Fish Species in Southwestern Rivers." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296553.
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Manawaduge, Chapa Gimhani. "Conservation biology of threatened native olives (Notelaea Spp., Oleaceae) in Southern Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208105/1/Chapa%20Gimhani_Manawaduge_Thesis.pdf.
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Due to the limited resources available, it is necessary to prioritise the conservation action for taxa most at risk of extinction. This study investigated the systematics, population genetics and life-history traits of the two least studied threatened native olive species (Notelaea ipsviciensis and N. lloydii) in Australia, to improve our knowledge of their conservation biology. The results obtained from the genome wide molecular, morphological and comparative life-history trait analysis between rare and common Notelaea spp. in southern Queensland revealed that the taxonomic status of these two species should be re-evaluated and conservation priorities should be revised accordingly.
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King, Narelle Gaye. "Tourism Based on Reintroductions of Threatened Mammals: Achieving Positive Conservation Outcomes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366358.
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Reintroduction programs have often been used to help redress serious declines across species' former ranges, but they suffer from high expense and low success rates. Tourism is one tool that could be used to support such programs, by generating funding for the programs and the local community, and by educating tourists about reintroductions and conservation. However, if tourism is not incorporated successfully into reintroduction programs, it may not provide any advantages and may even harm the reintroduction. There is a need to find ways to ensure efforts to integrate tourism and reintroductions achieve positive conservation outcomes. This is a topic that has been little researched to date. To achieve positive conservation outcomes, the enterprises must have financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations. This thesis investigates ways to achieve these dual goals. The international literature is reviewed to establish what can be learnt from previous reintroduction attempts to increase the likelihood of reintroductions of mammals being successful. A number of broad measures are established, including starting the enterprises by reintroducing herbivores and early breeders, preferably wild caught, and then moving to carnivores or omnivores and captive-bred animals when staff have more experience. Some new ideas are developed for experimental releases that will add to the available knowledge on how to increase the chance of successful reintroductions. Tourism enterprises based on reintroductions of threatened native mammals in Australia and South Africa are reviewed. The review shows tourism enterprises based on reintroductions make significant contributions to conservation, but enterprises in Australia need to diversify further. It also describes a number of significant obstacles that enterprises in Australia and South Africa face in achieving financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations. It then provides recommendations for dealing with the problems, such as employing staff or consultants with knowledge of wildlife management and marketing, and allowing tourists to view wildlife only on guided tours. Finally, the review identifies ways that government bodies in Australia could better facilitate enterprises based on reintroductions, such as making endangered species available free of charge or heavily subsidised at this stage, and then later running wildlife auctions. Legislation systems applying to tourism enterprises based on mammal reintroductions in Australia and South Africa are also reviewed. The review identifies a number of shortcomings of the current Australian legislation that affects the ability of government bodies to facilitate the development of such enterprises. Certain changes to the legislation are suggested. The international literature on factors influencing tourist satisfaction is reviewed and field research at an Australian case study site described, to determine ways tourism enterprises based on reintroductions can maximise tourist satisfaction. The field research draws out a number of new lessons for satisfying tourists, including: placing supplementary food or building waterholes in grasslands and areas with sparse vegetation; providing supplementary food for some species of wildlife; and providing pamphlets with information on the wildlife. The field research also illustrates some new ideas for tests to determine which methods should be used to maximise tourist satisfaction at a specific site, such as testing whether it is better to run tours in vehicles or on foot. The published international literature on minimising impacts of tourism on wildlife is reviewed and field research at one Australian case study site and one Chinese case study site described, to determine how to minimise the negative impacts of tourists on wildlife. The field research illustrates some new ideas for tests to determine which techniques should be used to minimise the impacts of tourism on wildlife at a specific site, such as tests to determine whether it is necessary to ensure tourists remain on the path at all times. The thesis then brings all these elements together into a flow chart giving recommendations to increase the rate of success of tourism enterprises that reintroduce mammals in achieving financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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King, Narelle Gaye, and n/a. "Tourism Based on Reintroductions of Threatened Mammals: Achieving Positive Conservation Outcomes." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070212.113043.
Full textAbstract:
Reintroduction programs have often been used to help redress serious declines across species' former ranges, but they suffer from high expense and low success rates. Tourism is one tool that could be used to support such programs, by generating funding for the programs and the local community, and by educating tourists about reintroductions and conservation. However, if tourism is not incorporated successfully into reintroduction programs, it may not provide any advantages and may even harm the reintroduction. There is a need to find ways to ensure efforts to integrate tourism and reintroductions achieve positive conservation outcomes. This is a topic that has been little researched to date. To achieve positive conservation outcomes, the enterprises must have financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations. This thesis investigates ways to achieve these dual goals. The international literature is reviewed to establish what can be learnt from previous reintroduction attempts to increase the likelihood of reintroductions of mammals being successful. A number of broad measures are established, including starting the enterprises by reintroducing herbivores and early breeders, preferably wild caught, and then moving to carnivores or omnivores and captive-bred animals when staff have more experience. Some new ideas are developed for experimental releases that will add to the available knowledge on how to increase the chance of successful reintroductions. Tourism enterprises based on reintroductions of threatened native mammals in Australia and South Africa are reviewed. The review shows tourism enterprises based on reintroductions make significant contributions to conservation, but enterprises in Australia need to diversify further. It also describes a number of significant obstacles that enterprises in Australia and South Africa face in achieving financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations. It then provides recommendations for dealing with the problems, such as employing staff or consultants with knowledge of wildlife management and marketing, and allowing tourists to view wildlife only on guided tours. Finally, the review identifies ways that government bodies in Australia could better facilitate enterprises based on reintroductions, such as making endangered species available free of charge or heavily subsidised at this stage, and then later running wildlife auctions. Legislation systems applying to tourism enterprises based on mammal reintroductions in Australia and South Africa are also reviewed. The review identifies a number of shortcomings of the current Australian legislation that affects the ability of government bodies to facilitate the development of such enterprises. Certain changes to the legislation are suggested. The international literature on factors influencing tourist satisfaction is reviewed and field research at an Australian case study site described, to determine ways tourism enterprises based on reintroductions can maximise tourist satisfaction. The field research draws out a number of new lessons for satisfying tourists, including: placing supplementary food or building waterholes in grasslands and areas with sparse vegetation; providing supplementary food for some species of wildlife; and providing pamphlets with information on the wildlife. The field research also illustrates some new ideas for tests to determine which methods should be used to maximise tourist satisfaction at a specific site, such as testing whether it is better to run tours in vehicles or on foot. The published international literature on minimising impacts of tourism on wildlife is reviewed and field research at one Australian case study site and one Chinese case study site described, to determine how to minimise the negative impacts of tourists on wildlife. The field research illustrates some new ideas for tests to determine which techniques should be used to minimise the impacts of tourism on wildlife at a specific site, such as tests to determine whether it is necessary to ensure tourists remain on the path at all times. The thesis then brings all these elements together into a flow chart giving recommendations to increase the rate of success of tourism enterprises that reintroduce mammals in achieving financial sustainability and sustainable mammal populations.
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Gruner, Ingrid Gerda. "Comparative Ecology and Conservation of Rare Native Broom, Carmichaelia (Fabaceae), South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4152.
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Using a comparative approach, the presented study explores the ecology of ten species of native New Zealand broom, Carmichaelia, and their vulnerability to competition and herbivory, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the significance of introduced species as a threat to rare indigenous plants in New Zealand. In particular, the study focuses on the relationship between characteristics of the Carmichaelia species and their vulnerability, as well as on other factors influencing the significance of introduced species as a threat.
To gain a better understanding of the ecology of the Carmichaelia species, their current habitats and associated plant communities were investigated using quantitative-descriptive methods in the field. The effect of competition with introduced plants was studied in two glasshouse experiments, differentiating above ground competition for light from below ground competition for nutrients and water. The experiments focussed on the early life-stage
of seedling establishment of the Carmichaelia species. The impact of herbivory by introduced mammals was studied in four field-based exclosure trials, focussing on the effects on survival and reproductive activity of adult Carmichaelia plants.
The results showed that the effects of competition and herbivory vary between the different species. Furthermore, they provided a set of species characteristics that can be used as indicators to predict the vulnerability of Carmichaelia to the impact of introduced species. These indicators provide a useful tool for threatened species management, as they allow the identification of the most vulnerable species as well as the most significant threat to each species. Furthermore, the indicators can be used to group species, combining those with similar vulnerability profiles, and therefore, likely similar management needs.
However, the example of the Carmichaelia species also illustrated that the use of indicators for the vulnerability of threatened species is limited and needs to be combined with case-by-case studies to verify the actual significance of threats for each population of concern. The
vulnerability profiles derived from species’ characteristics can be used to guide such site specific
studies, ensuring they focus on the most relevant threat factors. This combination of the understanding of general patterns in the vulnerability of species with targeted species and site-specific studies will lead to increased efficiency in the conservation management of threatened plant species.
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Viljoen, Morné. "A critical review of the South African freshwater angling legislative framework / Morné Viljoen." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4235.
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Prior to 1993, freshwater angling in South Africa had been governed by the
respective nature conservation legislation of the four South African provinces, the
four “independent homelands" and the six so-called Bantustans. In 1993 a South
Africa with nine provinces was created, of which only Limpopo and Mpumalanga
promulgated its own laws governing freshwater angling.
From 2008 angling for listed threatened and protected freshwater fish species has
been regulated by the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act,
supplemented by the Threatened or Protected Species Regulations. In addition, it is
anticipated that the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations, which will regulate
angling for listed alien and invasive freshwater fish, will be promulgated in the near
future. The result is that freshwater angling is currently being governed by a plethora
of pre-1993 provincial, homeland and Bantustan legislation, two post-1993 provincial
acts, as well as post-1993 national legislation.
In this dissertation the South African freshwater angling legislative framework was
critically analysed. It was found that the multitude of fragmented and complex laws,
created 15 “angling provinces” which leads to confusion amongst anglers and
government officials alike. In the process legal certainty and reasonableness,
cornerstones of a sound legal system, are being compromised, indigenous
freshwater fish are not adequately protected and alien or invasive freshwater fish are
not properly managed.
In the light of the above, and after taking comments by anglers and enforcement
officials into account, recommendations are made for an improved legislative
framework for freshwater in South Africa. It is recommended that all freshwater fish
species be managed and/or protected on a catchment basis, as opposed to the
current provincial basis. This will ensure legal certainty and reasonableness and that
all indigenous freshwater fish which are subject to the similar threats are protected
adequately and uniformly.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Dao, Thi Hoa Hong Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hölscher, Christian [Gutachter] Ammer, Holger [Gutachter] Kreft, and Achim [Gutachter] Dohrenbusch. "Threatened tree species across conservation zones in a nature reserve of North-Western Vietnam / Thi Hoa Hong Dao ; Gutachter: Christian Ammer, Holger Kreft, Achim Dohrenbusch ; Betreuer: Dirk Hölscher." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1128400634/34.
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Cazalis, Victor. "Efficacité des aires protégées : la pierre angulaire de la conservation de la biodiversité permet-elle réellement de protéger la nature ?" Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG019.
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Les espoirs de stopper la crise actuelle de biodiversité reposent principalement sur les aires protégées, qui visent à écarter ou restreindre les activités humaines de ces sites. Malgré le rôle central que jouent les aires protégées dans les stratégies de conservation de la biodiversité, les études mesurant leur efficacité réelle à limiter la perte de biodiversité restent rares. Mesurer cette différence n’est pas si évident qu’il y paraît puisque cela nécessite de comparer la biodiversité de sites protégés et de sites témoins non-protégés (qui ne diffèrent que par leur statut de protection) et requiert donc l’utilisation de gros jeux de données, qui sont rares. Dans cette thèse, j’utilise plusieurs jeux de données publics, principalement issus de programmes de sciences participatives, pour mesurer l’efficacité des aires protégées. Dans le premier chapitre, j’utilise des données d’abondance d’oiseaux issues de la « North American Breeding Bird Survey » et je montre que les aires protégées n’ont pas d’effet sur la richesse spécifique ou l’abondance totale mais qu’elles favorisent les espèces spécialistes. Dans le second chapitre, je me concentre sur les forêts tropicales de huit points chauds de biodiversité et j’utilise les données eBird pour montrer que les aires protégées ralentissent les déclins d’espèces d’oiseaux dépendantes des forêts, endémiques et menacées. De plus, je montre que cet effet sur les oiseaux est induit par le double effet qu’ont les aires protégées sur la réduction de la déforestation et de la dégradation de la forêt. Dans le troisième chapitre, je modélise la sensibilité à la pression humaine de chaque espèce d’oiseaux se reproduisant en Amérique et j’explore la capacité du réseau d’aires protégées à conserver les espèces les plus sensibles. Je montre que les zones où les espèces sont très sensibles (principalement dans les tropiques) sont souvent trop peu couvertes par des aires protégées intactes, laissant de nombreuses espèces sensibles sans aucun habitat protégé intact sur l’ensemble de leur aire de répartition. Enfin, dans le quatrième chapitre, j’interroge l’effet que peuvent avoir les aires protégées sur les comportements humains, en montrant que les habitants de municipalités françaises qui sont proches de parcs naturels adoptent plus de comportements pro-environnementaux. Dans leur ensemble, ces travaux de thèse soutiennent que les aires protégées peuvent constituer un outil efficace pour conserver la biodiversité et soulignent l’importance et la complexité de mesurer leur efficacitéHumanity’s main hope to halt the ongoing dramatic biodiversity declines is to buffer and restrict human activities from some sites, called protected areas. Despite the central role that protected areas have in biodiversity conservation strategies, there have been surprisingly few studies evaluating their practical effects in terms of avoiding biodiversity loss. Measuring the difference protected areas make is challenging, as it requires substantial datasets that enable comparing biodiversity from protected versus unprotected counterfactual sites (differing only in their protection status). In this thesis, I take advantage of extensive publicly available datasets, mainly from citizen science programs, to measure the effectiveness of protected areas. In the first chapter, I use bird data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and show that protected areas do not increase overall species richness or abundance but that they favour specialist species. In the second chapter, I focus on tropical forests from eight biodiversity hotpots and use eBird data (a global network of bird observations) to show that protected areas mitigate declines from forest-dependent, endemic, and threatened species. I additionally show that this positive effect on birds is due to the mitigating effect that protected areas have on both forest loss and forest degradation. In the third chapter, I model the sensitivity to human pressure of all bird species breeding in the Americas and explore the ability of the protected area network to conserve the most sensitive species. I show that protected area intactness is not higher where species need it the most, leaving many high-sensitivity species with null coverage of their distribution by intact protected habitats. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I question the effects that protected areas can have on human behaviours, showing that inhabitants from municipalities that are located close to natural parks in France are more likely to adopt pro-environmental behaviours. Globally, this thesis emphasises that protected areas can be an effective tool to conserve biodiversity and highlights the need to, and the complexity of, measuring their effectiveness
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(9822014), Vatsal Naik. "Conservation ecology, genetics and propagation of the threatened species Samadera bidwillii (Hook.f.) Oliv." Thesis, 2016. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Conservation_ecology_genetics_and_propagation_of_the_threatened_species_Samadera_bidwillii_Hook_f_Oliv_/13444670.
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This study examined the population ecology, genetics and propagation methods of the native threatened Samadera bidwillii (Hook.f.) Oliv. This species, previously known as Quassia bidwillii, belongs to the Simaroubaceae (order: Sapindales). It has a narrow geographic range from Mackay to Gympie in Coastal Queensland, Australia. Plant communities of S. bidwillii occur in the margins of lowland rainforests, open forests and woodlands. Some of these habitats have been subjected to extensive clearance and disintegration, resulting in a major decline in the population of S. bidwillii in recent times. Samadera bidwillii is also found in the Callide coal mine area in Central Queensland, where its presence was recognised as a matter of national environmental significance under the EPBC Act and hence the species needs to be protected.
Field trips were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to 16 sites harbouring populations of S. bidwillii in the Callide, Hervey Bay and Mary River areas. Habitat survey and genetic analysis were limited to 11 sites. Site areas ranged from 0.34 to 6.67 ha and were 6 to 554 m above mean sea level on steep to moderate inclines mostly on southern slopes. The greater part of the habitat was dominated by tall open woodland and open to mid dense microphyll vine forest. Other genera such as Eucalyptus, Acacia, Boronia, Carissa, and Grevillea, along with the weed species Asparagus africanus and Panicum maximum were found across the sites. Soil pH and EC ranged from 4.4 to 5.4 and 0.031 to 0.116 ds M-1, respectively. Soil nutrients levels fluctuated across the sites, but overall Hervey Bay region was found having nutritious soils. Plant height and stem diameter varied significantly across populations and averages ranged from 68–309 cm and 7–33 mm, respectively. Fruiting was not observed at Callide mine populations but all other sites exhibited abundant fruiting. Threats to the species included habitat fragmentation, s, land clearing and mining, and the frequency of fire regimes. Population, growing in the dense tall forest was observed to have high flowering and fruiting, along with the least insect damage and minimal natural threats.
A total of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers for S. bidwillii were designed and successfully used in population genetic studies. These markers have been deposited in GenBank to provide substantial sequencing data for future studies. Population-level genetic analysis using these microsatellite markers revealed that S. bidwillii exhibited a low level of genetic diversity (A= 1.83, AE= 1.29; HE= 0.16 and %P= 57.3). Genetic differentiation among regions was found to be high, with high correlations between geographic and genetic distance. Bayesian cluster analyses identified three distinct genetic clusters, which divided the population of Callide, Hervey Bay and Mary River regions. Except for one population from Hervey Bay region (H2), no other population of S. bidwillii evidenced genetic bottleneck. Population density, altitude and slope correlated with genetic diversity of the species.
Germination and propagation studies conducted using seeds and root cuttings resulted in successful reproduction of S. bidwillii. A total of 66% seeds found viable and 53% seeds latter germinated which were collected in summer (January). For plants propagated by root cuttings, 5 cm long cuttings treated with 8 g L-1 IBA hormone resulted in 66.7% success.
The results of this research have provided a framework for the development of species-specific conservation and restoration strategies for S. bidwillii. The Callide mine populations should be treated with care while selecting propagation materials, due to the distinct genetic structure with lack of allelic diversity and the presence of private alleles.
Recovery measures such as protection, monitoring and management of the habitats containing S. bidwillii populations, along with associated adjacent ecosystems are critical. It is also essential (a) to conduct long-term site-specific ecological studies, (b) to preserve considerable populations in large reserves, (c) to collect seeds from as many plants as feasible to maintain levels of genetic diversity and (d) to implement effective programs of fire and pest management. e reserves, (c) to collect seeds from as many plants as feasible to maintain levels of genetic diversity and (d) to implement effective programs of fire and pest management.
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Dao, Thi Hoa Hong. "Threatened tree species across conservation zones in a nature reserve of North-Western Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3DE7-F.
Full textBooks on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Poole, Jackie M. Endangered, threatened, or protected native plants of Texas. [Austin]: Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept., 1987.
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United States. National Park Service. and United States. Soil Conservation Service., eds. Native plants for parks: Cost-effective programs for resource management, revegetation with native plants, threatened or endangered species, historical plants. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Park Service, 1989.
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Centre, World Conservation Monitoring, ed. Nature in danger: Threatened habitats and species. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Service, United States Forest. Threatened, endangered & sensitive species recovery & conservation: Action plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1990.
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1954-, Terwilliger Karen, Tate John R. 1946-, and Woodward, Susan L., 1944 Jan. 20-, eds. A guide to endangered and threatened species in Virginia. Blacksburg, Va: McDonald & Woodward Pub., 1995.
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Owen, David. Tasmanian devil: A unique and threatened animal. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2005.
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David, Owen. Tasmanian devil: A unique and threatened animal. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2005.
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Hawaii. Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Threatened and endangered species plan for wildlife, plants, and invertebrates. Honolulu, Hawaii: State of Hawaii, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, 1988.
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Service, United States Forest. Endangered Species Act review: Threatened, endangered, and sensitive species management course. [Washington, D.C.?]: Forest Service, 1993.
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Art, Wolfe, ed. Animals on the edge: Reporting from the frontline of extinction. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Stévart, Tariq, Gilles Dauby, Davy U. Ikabanga, Olivier Lachenaud, Patricia Barberá, Faustino de Oliveira, Laura Benitez, and Maria do Céu Madureira. "Diversity of the Vascular Plants of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 249–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_10.
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AbstractDespite a long history of botanical collecting in the three oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea, no recent studies have documented floristic patterns. This chapter summarizes information on the vascular plants of the islands, including inventories conducted on Príncipe and São Tomé since 2017, as well as two recent expeditions to Annobón. An updated database of the vascular flora was compiled, which includes 14,376 records representing 1285 species and infraspecific taxa (1028 native). Príncipe has 445 species and infraspecific taxa (394 native), São Tomé has 1044 (842 native), and Annobón has 344 (274 native). Recent inventory work has generated collections of more than 90% of the endemic woody species. Several very rare taxa were rediscovered, including Balthasaria mannii (Oliv.) Verdc., 1969 (Pentaphylacaceae) and Psychotria exellii R. Alves, Figueiredo and A.P. Davis, 2005 (Rubiaceae), neither of which had been seen for more than 50 years. At least 17 species new to science were also discovered on Príncipe and São Tomé. Of the 1028 indigenous taxa, 164 (16%) are currently considered endemic to the islands. Of the 285 species evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria, 2 (0.7%) were Data Deficient, 226 (79.3%) Least Concern or Near Threatened, 55 (19.3%) threatened (including 3 Critically Endangered, 21 Endangered, and 31 Vulnerable), and 2 (0.7%) Extinct. On São Tomé and Príncipe, 325 plant species are used in traditional medicine, 37 of which are endemic. These results should be used to identify new priority sites for conservation, including on Annobón, where priority sites are less well defined.
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Melo, Martim, Peter J. Jones, and Ricardo F. de Lima. "The Avifauna of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 555–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_21.
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AbstractAlthough birds have always been one of the best-known taxa on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, our understanding of their ecology and evolution has increased substantially in the last two decades. Intensive field-based surveys have allowed the first detailed island-wide distribution maps for most species and a much better grasp of habitat associations, highlighting the importance of native forests for many of the endemic birds. Molecular data have provided important insights into evolutionary history, leading to an extensive revision of the taxonomy of the islands’ endemic avifauna. Most speciation events are much more recent than the age of the islands, indicating a high species turn-over that is likely explained by the islands’ history of intense volcanic activity and their moderate distances to the mainland. These islands have the highest accumulation of endemic bird species for small oceanic islands: at least 29 endemic species occur in three islands with a total area of just over 1000 km2. This may be explained by their particular geographic location: offshore from a species-rich continent at distances that allowed the colonization and evolution in isolation of many distinct lineages. All these contributions are now being used to ensure bird conservation, through updated species conservation status and species action plans for the most threatened species, and also to promote the conservation of the native forests on which most of the endemic birds depend.
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Copp, G. H., S. Warrington, and K. J. Wesley. "Management of an ornamental pond as a conservation site for a threatened native fish species, crucian carp Carassius carassius." In Pond Conservation in Europe, 149–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9088-1_13.
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Hettinger, Ned. "Understanding and Defending the Preference for Native Species." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 399–424. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_22.
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AbstractThe preference for native species, along with its concomitant antipathy toward non-natives, has been increasingly criticized as incoherent, obsolete, xenophobic, misanthropic, uncompassionate, and antithetical to conservation. This essay explores these criticisms. It articulates an ecological conception of nativeness that distinguishes non-native species both from human-introduced and from invasive species. It supports, for the most part, the criticisms that non-natives threaten biodiversity, homogenize ecological assemblages, and further humanize the planet. While prejudicial dislike of the foreign is a human failing that feeds the preference for natives, opposition to non-natives can be based on laudatory desires to protect natural dimensions of the biological world and to prevent biological impoverishment. Implications for our treatment of non-native, sentient animals are explored, as well as are questions about how to apply the native/non-native distinction to animals that share human habitats and to species affected by climate change.
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Rainho, Ana, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir, Javier Juste, and Jorge M. Palmeirim. "Current Knowledge and Conservation of the Wild Mammals of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 593–619. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_22.
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AbstractOceanic islands are usually difficult for mammals to colonize; consequently, the native mammal fauna is typically species-poor, often consisting of just a few species of bats. The oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are no exception to this pattern. Still, the known mammal richness is relatively high for the small size of the islands. Out of a total of 13 native species, including 11 bats and 2 shrews, at least 7 species and 3 subspecies are single-island endemics. In addition to native species, at least 6 other wild mammals have been introduced to the islands purposely or accidentally by humans. Some of these are among the world’s most notorious invasive species and cause damage to native species, ecosystems, and humans. Predation by exotic species can threaten native island mammals, which are especially sensitive due to their small populations and limited ranges. These impacts are likely worsened by other threats, such as forest degradation and climate change, and a general lack of knowledge about the natural history of most species also hampers the implementation of conservation measures. Therefore, fostering further research on the endemic-rich mammal fauna of these islands is vital to ensure their persistence.
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Herkert, James R. "Nature Preserves, Natural Areas, and the Conservation of Endangered and Threatened Species in Illinois." In Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes, 395–406. Boston, MA: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0656-7_17.
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Galil, Bella S. "A Sea, a Canal, a Disaster: The Suez Canal and the Transformation of the Mediterranean Biota." In Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 199–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15670-0_10.
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AbstractThe introduction of non-native species is among the main direct drivers of biodiversity change. Off the Israeli coast 445 non-native species were recorded thus far, more than anywhere in the Mediterranean Sea. The number of recorded introductions has been rising inexorably, tripling since the 1970s. Nearly all have been introduced through the ever-enlarged Suez Canal. Worldwide there is no other vector of marine bioinvasions that delivers as high a propagule supply for so long to a certain locale. Once established, the non-native species are unlikely to be contained or controlled and their impacts are irreversible. The Canal-introduced species form prominent micro-communities and biological facies in most littoral habitats, some have been documented to displace or reduce populations of native species, alter community structure and food webs, change ecosystem functioning and the consequent provision of goods and services—profound ecological impacts that undermine the goals of sustainable blue economy in the Mediterranean Sea.These species have been spreading throughout the Mediterranean Sea while the Israeli shelf serves as a hotspot, beachhead, and dispersal hub. Their spatial and temporal spread has advanced concurrently with successive enlargements of the Suez Canal, rise in mean seawater temperature, and prevalence, duration, and severity of marine heat waves increase. The invasion poses a challenge to the environmental ethics and policies of the Mediterranean countries. As signatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity these countries are required to prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species (Article 8(h)), and ensure that the environmental consequences of their policies that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity are taken into account (Article 14.1). The present Egyptian government is in a position to reduce future introductions. Egypt announced the development of 35 desalination plants, of which the first 17 plants will add 2.8 million m3 daily capacity. It is suggested that an environmental impact assessment evaluates the environmental and economic consequences of utilizing the brine effluents from the large-scale desalination plants constructed in the vicinity of the Suez Canal to restore the salinity barrier once posed by the Bitter Lakes.
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"Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America." In Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America, edited by Donald W. Johnson and Katie Fite. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569896.ch8.
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ABSTRACT Ecologically distinct stocks of resident redband trout above the Hells Canyon dam complex in southwestern Idaho represent physiologically unique components of the evolutionary legacy of the Snake River steelhead evolutionarily significant unit. These gene pools from the most extreme environments inhabited by this species, absent introgression produced by pooled hatchery stocks, have the potential to provide the genetic diversity necessary for species survival. Populations of desert redband trout in the Snake River drainages of southern Idaho are severely threatened by degradation of riparian habitat resulting from land use practices, as well as decreased streamflows accompanying prolonged drought.
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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by John N. Rinne. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch8.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Fish assemblages in the Verde River, Arizona have changed markedly over the last quarter century. Nonnative fishes increase from headwaters toward the mouth and individual native species decrease. River hydrograph and the introduction of nonnative species appear to be the major factors determining fish assemblages, although information is lacking on water quality and other land management impacts. During floods, native species dominated fish assemblages. By contrast, during droughts and sustained base flows, nonnative fishes increased. The threatened spikedace <em>Meda fulgida </em>has been collected only in the uppermost reach of this desert river and, even here, has been absent since 1997. Five other native species also have become less abundant or rare. Continued monitoring of fish assemblages, comparison with another large southwestern river, the Gila, and aggressive management are critical to sustain the native fish component of this river.
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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by John N. Rinne. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch8.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Fish assemblages in the Verde River, Arizona have changed markedly over the last quarter century. Nonnative fishes increase from headwaters toward the mouth and individual native species decrease. River hydrograph and the introduction of nonnative species appear to be the major factors determining fish assemblages, although information is lacking on water quality and other land management impacts. During floods, native species dominated fish assemblages. By contrast, during droughts and sustained base flows, nonnative fishes increased. The threatened spikedace <em>Meda fulgida </em>has been collected only in the uppermost reach of this desert river and, even here, has been absent since 1997. Five other native species also have become less abundant or rare. Continued monitoring of fish assemblages, comparison with another large southwestern river, the Gila, and aggressive management are critical to sustain the native fish component of this river.
Conference papers on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Alarcon O., Andrea, Homero J. Velastegui, Marcelo V. Garcia, Veronica Gallo C., Pamela Espejo V., and Jose E. Naranjo. "Monitoring and Control System Approach for Native Threatened Species." In 2019 International Conference on Information Systems and Software Technologies (ICI2ST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ici2st.2019.00019.
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Llerena Sandoya, Lisse, and Gabriela Vega. "Partial plan for the environmental conservation and historical and tourist development of the Peñón del Río hill, Durán, 2022." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002715.
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In the north of the Durán canton, is located the hill called "Peñón del Rio", a natural elevation suitable for the development of agricultural and livestock activities, surrounded by rivers and streams that also harbor a dense amount of vegetative species. Archeological remains such as ceramics and burial pits from different cultures of the area were also found. The dry forest is one of the most threatened ecosystems and it is estimated that between 60% and 75% of it has disappeared. On the other hand, the sector is being seriously affected by the extraction of stone material, causing great damage to its ecosystem, to this is added the psychological and health damages caused by the noise, the trembling caused by the implosions executed, and the cloud of dust raised by the passage of heavy machinery; and finally, the high crime rate by which it is affected due to its abandonment. The purpose of this study is to develop a partial plan proposal, in which environmental and arqueological conservation areas of this natural elevation are determined to promote the preservation of the native flora avoiding the loss of identity of the vegetation, as well as the historical importance of the area, potentiating its tourist value, for which, through the observation technique and the handling of field cards, the identification of the plant species of the sector and the diagnosis of the affectation by the excavation of the stone material were carried out. In addition, georeferenced information on the trails and rest areas was collected with the help of Geographic Information Systems. To complement the study, qualitative research instruments were used to determine strategies for the conservation of green areas and the archaeological importance of the hill. As a result, a proposal was made for the location of walking trails, viewpoints and other rest areas, establishing their conservation and reforestation areas. In conclusion, the observed findings show historical roots of the Durán canton and even pre-Hispanic roots at the Latin American level, and the design of trails and rest areas, potentiate the tourist value of this natural elevation.
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Jin, Peng, Sankaran Murugesan, Zhengwei Liu, Haitao Fang, Shujun Gao, Lei Huang, Gilberto Guerrero, Tracey Jackson, Sunder Ramachandran, and Johnathon Brooks. "Prevent Failures and Extend Asset Life: A Reliable Onsite Corrosion Inhibitor Residuals Method Using SERS." In SPE International Oilfield Corrosion Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205048-ms.
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Abstract Asset integrity for oil and gas operations requires reliable chemical information to troubleshoot factors affecting chemical deliverability and performance. Accurate and precise measurement of corrosion inhibitor (CI) concentration in oilfield brine is significant to asset management. However, historically CI residual measurements are extremely problematic due to the surface-active nature of the chemicals which interact with a host of factors that parasitically deplete the CI solution concentration. It is typical to see >100% error on traditional residual measurements especially where dye transfer techniques are concerned. Current methods and sample handling for measuring residuals involves sending samples to a local laboratory for analysis. This time delay can add to the measurement error due to loss of inhibitor species to the sample container or solids that may form in transport. This paper describes the use of a simple, portable, handheld, onsite, nanotechnology-based, residual method to measure CI concentrations in oilfield brines. With more frequent and highly accurate CI residual feedback operators can react to system conditions that threaten to impact asset integrity. Using the CI residual data provided by a rapid, accurate analytical method, operators could extend asset life and prevent failures long before they become critical.
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Manzano Fernández, Sergio, Camilla Mileto, Fernando Vegas López-Manzanares, and Valentina Cristini. "Examination of earthen construction in archaeological sites of the Iberian Peninsula for risk analysis." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15251.
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Earthen constructions are one of the most widespread and fragile elements of the architectural heritage of the Iberian Peninsula. This situation is worsened when they lack the necessary protection and are found in vulnerable enclaves such as archaeological sites. Their geographical, cultural and constructive particularities expose them to different risks – natural, social and anthropic – which threaten their conservation and interpretation for future generations. This study aims to examine this type of heritage complex in constructive terms, focusing on constructions of a domestic and productive nature and paying special attention to those from prehistoric, protohistoric and Roman periods. Attention is also paid to later similar remains conserved. Quantitative and qualitative analysis methodologies are applied to a series of case studies found throughout the Iberian Peninsula in order to record the information on fiches examining general and specific aspects of the different techniques observed. Given the broad timeline and geography covered, as well as other identification and conservation factors, the data collected reflect a predominance of adobe over other earthen techniques which are also described, including daub, cob and rammed earth, with fewer examples identified throughout. This heritage is therefore classified to record the original states compiled from the different archives, reports and publications. Subsequently, a specific database is generated for the analysis of risks (exposure and sensitivity) and criteria, strategies or results (capacity for adaptation), gleaning as much information as possible from these characteristics.
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Taheri, Mohammad Hasan, and Hamid Reza Goshayeshi. "Numerical Simulation of Flows With Evaporation." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85425.
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Multiphase flows are usually accompanied by thermodynamic effects. These effects are associated with gas-liquid phase transition which can occur in a single fluid system as well as in systems comprising more than one species. Appearance of the transition in a system has substantial thermal and mechanical consequences, such as transfer of mass, momentum as well as energy and change in the temperature field. Flows coupled with phase change occur abundantly in nature. They are responsible for atmospheric phenomena such as cloud formation, absorption of gases (including green house ones) by sea water and many other phenomena of a global or local scale, which influences everyday life. Multiphase flows are also often present in many industrial applications in which their physical features are advantageous or disadvantageous. Installations in the oil production industry and energy production plants are examples of installations in which multi-phase flows with phase transition appear. Phase transition is a desired phenomenon in vapor generation systems such as power plant boilers or water cooled nuclear reactors; as well as indirect or direct contact vapor condensers or mass transfer equipment used e.g. for humidification. Phase transition can also be an undesired phenomenon. It occurs in pumps and on ship propellers where because the pressure decreases considerably at the suction side of the impeller or propeller blade, cavitation appears. This sort of transition can cause oscillations and may threaten the structural integrity of the impeller or propeller. Two driving mechanisms for phase transition inside a fluid can be distinguished. The first is variation of the pressure leading to cavitation, whereas the second one is heat transfer (temperature) resulting in boiling and evaporation/condensation. Over the past decades researchers put much effort in the development of algorithms capable of numerically simulate multiphase flows with phase transition. The present study concerns the development of a method for the prediction of multiphase flow with temperature-driven phase transition for which the geometry of the gas-liquid interface is not known in advance. A single substance is considered consisting of incompressible phases. The gas-liquid interface in multiphase flows, with or without phase transition, involves a discontinuity in the physical properties of the flow at the interface. This leads to difficulties in preserving convergence in numerical algorithms for predicting single phase flows. The investigation of mixed convection heat and mass transfer on a vertical plate with film evaporation has been numerically examined. Results were obtained for mixed convection driven by combined thermal and mass buoyancy forces. The numerical results, including velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, Nusselt number as well as Sherwood number and evaporation rate are presented. The results show that below a certain temperature, water evaporation rate decreases as the humidity of air increases and above it this relation reverses. This temperature is named “inversion point temperature”. A numerical model using the finite difference method was developed and tested systematically.
Reports on the topic "Threatened native species"
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.
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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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Jung, Jacob, Michael Guilfoyle, Austin Davis, Christina Saltus, Eric Britzke, and Richard Fischer. Threatened, endangered, and at-risk species for consideration into climate change models in the Northeast. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42143.
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This special report provides a selection process for choosing priority species using the specific focus of high-elevation, forested habitats in the North Atlantic to demonstrate the process. This process includes criteria for choosing invasive species to incorporate into models, given the predicted spread of invasive plant species because of climate change. Discussed in this report are the US Army Corps of Engineers’ Threatened and Endangered Species Team portal, the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Information for Planning and Consultation Portal, the nonprofit organization Partners in Flight’s watch list, the US Geological Survey’s Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation model, and NatureServe’s interagency effort Landfire. The data linked this montane habitat with a species of conservation concern, Cartharus bicknelli and the endangered squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus as target species and with Elaeagnus umbellate, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rhamnus cathartica, and Acer planoides as invasive species. Incorporating these links into the climate change framework developed by Davis et al. (2018) will create predictive models for the impacts of climate change on TER-S, which will affect land management decisions in the region.
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Boesten, Jan. Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/boesten.2021.33.
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This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.
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Brown, Jennifer, Richard Fischer, and Cynthia Banks. Threatened and endangered species team approach - USACE Southeastern Region opportunity assessment working meeting : advancing cost-efficient and effective Endangered Species Act (ESA) compliance and mission sustainability through Engineering With Nature (EWN) and ESA Section 7(a)(1) conservation plans. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32262.
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