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1
The world in miniature: Container gardens and dwellings in Far Eastern religious thought. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1990.
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Panischev, Aleksey. Methodology and history of Theology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1176841.
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The textbook provides information about the philosophy of science and theology as academic disciplines. The primary purpose of the manual is not only to inform students about the content of various concepts of religious philosophy, but also to promote their intellectual and spiritual growth.
It contains information on several theological disciplines that have only recently been introduced into the educational space of the Russian Federation. Among these are The History and Methodology of Theology, Methods and Tasks of Theology of Western Christian Thought, and The History of Theological Thought in the Russian Orthodox Church.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students receiving higher education in theological and religious studies specialties.
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Odincov, Boris. Models and intelligent systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1060845.
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The monograph consists of three chapters, the first of which outlines the theoretical foundations of intelligent information systems. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the term "model" as the intended meaning depends on the understanding of the material. Introduces and examines the new concepts such as the associative and intuitive knowledge while in the creation of intellectual information systems are not used.
The second Chapter contains the analysis of problems of development of artificial intelligence (AI), developed in two directions: classical and statistical. Discusses difficulties in the development of the classical approach, associated with identifying the meaning of words, phrases, text, and formulating thoughts. The analysis of problems arising in the play of imagination and insight, machine understanding of natural language texts, play, verbalization and reflection.
The third Chapter contains examples of the development of intelligent information systems and technologies in practice of management of economic objects. Theoretical bases of construction of information robots designed to support the task hierarchy of the knowledge base and generating control regulations. The technology of their creation and application in the management of the business efficiency of enterprise business processes and its investment activities.
Focused on researchers and developers, AI and intelligent information systems, as well as graduate students and faculty in related academic disciplines.
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Knappett, Carl, Lambros Malafouris, and Peter Tomkins. Ceramics (As Containers). Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0026.
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This article focuses on the importance of ceramics in material cultural studies. It proceeds to say that ceramics are considered a key feature of human material culture because of what they are taken to represent in economic, technological, and evolutionary terms. The innovation of taking the plastic medium of clay and marrying it with pyrotechnology to create irreversibly a resilient object — usually in the form of a container, has frequently been assumed to mark a revolutionary stage in the development of modern human thought and practice, forming with agriculture and sedentism a trinity of epoch-changing innovations. This article talks about the idea of the body as being used as a container. It says that ‘Containment’ may well be the ‘function’ offering archaeology one of the most important sources of archaeological data and windows into society, and culture; but very little is known about the cognitive, experiential, and evolutionary grounding of the concepts embodied in each and every container.
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Arteaga Pupo, Frank. Martí’s thought in Philosophy of Education. Editorial Tecnocientífica Americana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51736/eta2021cs1.
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The book contains arguments on the anthropological, epistemological, teleological functions of educational philosophy; the experiential pedagogical experience as a qualitative research resource; the principle of an education from, during and for life, as a premise; the discipline of History in professional training; actuality of The Golden Age; importance of reading and its reflection as a function of life; Marti's ideology in Cuban culture; utopia of the Apostle's existence in the digital era; classic models for scientific writing; differences between the experiential and experimental methods. Marti's spirituality as a safeguard of the nation; the philosophical perspective of the Apostle in scientific writing and communication; and thought and the nation as components of Cuban spirituality. The relationship between these contents constitutes the theoretical and practical platform of Marti's Educational Philosophy in pursuit of human improvement.
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Wong, David B. Dignity in Confucian and Buddhist Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385997.003.0004.
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“Dignity” in the Western tradition typically connotes the inherent and unearned worth that entitles each person to respectful attitudes and treatment. Confucian and Buddhist thought contains concepts that overlap with this concept, making possible a three-way dialogue. Confucianism forthrightly asserts the special value of the individual, but that special value lies in one’s capacities to connect with others and to create a truly worthwhile life of relationships. Correspondingly, if one fails to develop these capacities, one may lose one’s dignity. A possible basis in Buddhism for human dignity lies in the distinctively human capability for “awakening.” However, this capability involves realizing that one’s individuality is not as real or as important as one thought it was, and that this is the key to being free from the suffering that any being, human or animal, should be free from.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. Transitional Figures: Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879808.003.0004.
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In the classical age, everything finds its place in a class of things; all classes are ordered; taxonomy represents the order of the world. Discussion of space exemplifies the transition to the world as a table. Descartes and Leibniz advanced a relational conception of space, while Newton held space to function as a container. This transition in conditions of thought affected the way people thought about the “person” who rules and is subject to rule. While Hugo Grotius’s De jure belli ac pacis conveys a Renaissance sensibility, it adapts a medieval-Aristotelian stance on human faculties to suit moral persons, including political bodies. Pufendorf furthered the Grotian position by positing the natural equality of human beings and working out the idea that rights among equals imply correlative duties. In Leviathan, Hobbes located “artificial persons” in an equally artificial setting to illustrate the logic of rule over territory as a contained space.
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Collins, John, and Tamara Dobler, eds. Reply to Hilary Putnam. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783916.003.0014.
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The replies by Charles Travis develop initial responses to eleven chapters contained in the rest of the volume. The replies have a number of aims. Firstly, they seek to clarify positions previously taken up by Charles Travis on, in particular, the interpretation of Frege, Cook Wilson, Wittgenstein, Austin, and Chomsky. Secondly, they advance some new thoughts on the nature of ‘Travis cases’, logic, and disjunctivism in perception, among other topics. Thirdly, they offer a conspectus of Travis’s latest thinking on how to square objectivity with parochialism across the various domains of language, thought, and perception.
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Meierhenrich, Jens, and Oliver Simons. “A Fanatic of Order in an Epoch of Confusing Turmoil”. Edited by Jens Meierhenrich and Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.26.
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This handbook engages with the critical ordering of Schmitt’s writings, investing in the proper contextualization of his polycentric thought. More important than whether Schmitt’s positions and concepts are relevant in the twenty-first century is how to read Schmitt so as to grasp the original meanings of his many publications. The handbook intends to provoke debate about the relevance of his canon for thinking about the present. It argues that the motif of order is central to making sense of Schmitt’s contributions to law, the social sciences, and the humanities, as well as that his contributions to diverse disciplines constituted a trinity of thought. Schmitt’s political thought cannot be understood without reference to his legal and cultural thought; his legal thought was informed equally by his political and cultural thought; and his cultural thought contains important traces of his political and legal thought. This theoretical and substantive overlap was deliberate.
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Coyer, Megan. Introduction: Medicine and Blackwoodian Romanticism. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405607.003.0001.
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Ours is not, strictly speaking, a medical Journal, though it contains many recipes for a long life and a merry one … Yet, though Maga is neither a physician nor a surgeon, nor yet an accoucheur – (though frequently she is Fancy’s midwife) – she does not regard with blind eye and deaf ear the medical and surgical world....
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Instone, Stephen. Pindar: Selected Odes. Liverpool University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780856686689.001.0001.
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Pindar's Odes, blending beauty of poetic form and profundity of thought, are one of the wonders of Ancient Greece. Composed in the first instance to commemorate athletics victories, they fan out like a peacock's tail to illuminate with brilliant subtlety and imagination the human condition in general, and how our moments of heroic achievement are inevitably tempered by our mortal frailties. This edition aims to make for the first time a selection of these wonderful, but complex, poems accessible and enjoyable not only to scholars and advanced students but especially to sixth-form students and non-Classicists (including anyone interested in Pindar's influence on English poetry). While particular attention is paid to elucidating Pindar's cryptic chains of thoughts and to explaining the significance of the myths in the odes, much greater help than usual in this series is given with translating the Greek. The selection, which contains Pindar's most famous poem (Olympian 1) and two particularly charming mythical stories (in Pythian 9 and Nemean 3), illustrates Pindar's range and variety by including odes commemorating victors at each of the four major games. The book presents Greek text with translation, commentary and notes.
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Meyer, Michel. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0012.
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The Conclusion summarizes the new conception of rhetoric as provided in the preceding chapters. It recapitulates the basic tenets of this view, showing the boundaries and the principles of rhetoric to be finally established by means of the question-view of thought, called problematology. This conclusion brings together all elements contained in our definition of rhetoric and vindicates this synthesis as a new and original conception of rhetoric and which includes all principal (if partial) contributions to the discipline since the Greeks and Romans.
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Hartmann, Anna-Maria. Truth Lost in the River of Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807704.003.0005.
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This chapter argues that Bacon’s philosophical and mythographical work are linked by the concept of prima philosophia. Primary philosophy, according to Bacon, is a universal science consisting of axioms that are so fundamental that they can be transferred from one science (or branch of knowledge) to many others. In Bacon’s thought, the study of Greek fables became important because he thought some of them originated close to Adam’s time and contained axioms of primary philosophy hidden within them. This wisdom was not perceived by later Greek poets, but had survived wrapped up in the fables. Bacon’s unique, allegorical approach to Greek myth is displayed in De sapienta veterum (1609), where he searches for shards of lost, ancient wisdom, especially axioms of prima philosophia. The final section of this chapter then looks at some of Bacon’s earliest readers and the extraordinary response his mythography produced in England and on the continent.
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Harrison, Douglas. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036972.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter contains reflections on scholarly investigations into religion and American culture, arguing that southern gospel as a field of religious thought, action, and feeling asks us to reimagine the concept of “organized religion” as a phenomenon—in this case, a popular music culture—that exists alongside, within, and beyond the church. It envisions a relational dynamic in which evangelical habits of mind and feeling and the expression of feelings shift along lines of individual and collective needs and desires. Furthermore, the chapter briefly delves into and defends the notion of gospel music as a meaningful language for postmodern transcendence.
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Bacon, Andrew. Relative Locations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828198.003.0002.
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The fact that physical laws often admit certain kinds of space-time symmetries is often thought to be problematic for substantivalism—the view that space-time is as real as the objects it contains. The most prominent alternative, relationism, avoids these problems but at the cost of giving abstract objects (rather than space-time points) a pivotal role in the fundamental metaphysics. This incurs related problems concerning the relation of the physical to the mathematical. This paper presents a version of substantivalism that respects Leibnizian theses about space-time symmetries, and argues that it is superior to both relationism and the more orthodox form of substantivalism.
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Chakkalakal, Tess. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036330.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter turns to a new, yet old, slave fiction: Hannah Crafts' The Bondwoman's Narrative(2002). According to its editor, the novel was written by a female fugitive slave in the 1850s, though it was never published during the author's lifetime. The book's gripping, visceral depictions of slave life and an escape to the North are familiar to readers of the slave narratives. From here, the chapter returns to the tension between history and fiction that was raised in the introduction. By doing so, the chapter considers Crafts' novel not as historical fact but as a slave fiction, a form that presents experience through the eyes of a slave. This perspective, fictional though it may be, offers readers today insights into the past that was not, for various reasons, contained by historical accounts of slavery.
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Falkenstein, Lorne. Hume and the Contemporary “Common Sense” Critique of Hume. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.11.
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This paper examines the principal objections that Hume’s Scots contemporaries, George Campbell, James Beattie, and Thomas Reid raised against his views of testimony, belief, and the “theory of ideas.” In opposition to Kant’s claim that “Reid, Oswald, and Beattie” had “appealed to common sense as an oracle when insight and research [failed them]” and had “[taken] for granted what [Hume] meant to call into doubt while emphatically, and often with great indignation, demonstrating what he had never thought to question” it is shown that, in each case, Hume’s critics understood him correctly and raised serious objections. But it is also shown that Hume’s work contains all the materials necessary to mount an effective response to their objections.
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Allegro, Linda, and Andrew Grant Wood. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0013.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This volume sought to encourage the reshaping of communities and the redrawing of boundaries as we rethink the study of the Americas. Moving beyond nation-state constructs—those containers of citizenship and fixed borders—it offers new meanings of place and belonging. Tracking the contributions of farmworkers in Idaho, Nebraska, North Carolina, Iowa, and elsewhere, the case studies presented here examine the enormous obstacles and often violent conditions Latin American farmworkers endure in their work experiences in the United States. It also draws attention to the reprehensible notion of “deportability” that continues to instill fear in the hearts of those who live in the shadows. It argues that it is not “foreigners” and people of color who are depressing wages and costing jobs but corporate decision makers themselves who exploit the laboring classes in their zeal to maximize profits.
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Chudacoff, Howard P. Integrating the Team. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039782.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the racial integration of college sports starting in the 1950s. The racial integration of teams, accelerating in the North and beginning in the South, altered the quality of games as well as the composition of rosters. By the 1970s, football and track squads contained two dozen or more black athletes, and on some basketball teams blacks constituted a majority. To a considerable extent, the opening up of these rosters spelled the decline—or at least inability to compete at the highest levels—of historically black college teams. Meanwhile, coaches, though they lost some of the battles against assertive black athletes, and though their sensitivities on race matters were raised, most often emerged with their authority not only intact but enhanced by control of scholarships and by increasingly independent athletic departments. The college athletic enterprise was opening a new playbook in which money and media would be involved as never before.
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Stone, Michael E. The Social Setting of Esoteric Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842383.003.0007.
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We can draw conclusions about the social context of transmission of secret knowledge. Secret Essene teachings were mentioned in the literary texts of the time. There was evidence of a tripartite division of esoteric groups. Qumran, Manichaeism (though this group does not have secret knowledge), Ascension of Isaiah, 4 Ezra, and 2 Baruch all hinted at these secrets. We look at the mysteries, knowledge, and secrets—the word raz. Secret knowledge was contained within some rabbinic circles, along with forbidden knowledge and the fallen angels. We examine these framework stories in the apocalypses, the transmission of knowledge, and their possible relation with reality.
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Olivier, Marius Paul, Letlhokwa George Mpedi, and Evance Kalula, eds. Liber Amicorum: Essays in honour of Professor Edwell Kaseke and Dr Mathias Nyenti. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928480839.
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Though some may categorise this work as a memorial publication, this book of friends is truly a celebratory publication by colleagues from Africa and beyond who had the privilege to know Edwell and Mathias personally. It is a tribute to the life and work of two individuals that each made a unique contribution to social justice, law and its development. As evidenced by the Tributes and Lists of Publications contained herein, both Edwell and Nyenti (as they were colloquially known) were productive scholars but they leave a legacy that extends beyond the academic realm to that of friendship and shared humanity.
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Guay, Robert, ed. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464011.001.0001.
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In Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky uses the commission of a double-murder to initiate and organize a diverse set of philosophical reflections. This volume contains seven essays that approach the novel through philosophical themes in order to offer both readings of the text and continuations of its reflections. The topics addressed include Dostoevsky’s presentation of mind and psychological investigation, as well as the nature of self-knowledge; emotions, in particular guilt and love, and their role in overcoming ambivalence toward existence; the nature of agency; the metaphysical conditions of freedom and the possibility of evil; the family and the failure of utopian thought; individuality and the authority of the law; and Bakhtin’s conceptions of dialogue and polyphony and his views of the self and generative time.
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Thompson, Larry W., Leah Dick-Siskin, David W. Coon, David V. Powers, and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. Treating Late Life Depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195383706.001.0001.
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This workbook is designed for your use as you work together with a therapist to overcome your depression. It contains information on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and how it can help to reduce the symptoms of depression. Each chapter corresponds to a treatment module, and case examples are presented throughout and provide excellent illustrations of the main points, as well as summary questions, home assignments, and in-session exercises, worksheets, and forms. It explores how your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors work to maintain your depression and how to challenge and modify them in order to improve your mood and quality of life.
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Patten, Alan. 25. Hegel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0025.
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This chapter examines the political ideas of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. In his Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1821), Hegel articulates his views about reason, actuality, and philosophy. For Hegel, the task of philosophy is to identify and display the reason contained in the actual institutions and practices of the social world. Hegel believes that philosophy will be able to find reason in the institutions of the social world he inhabits. After providing a short biography of Hegel, this chapter considers some of the central themes and theses of the Philosophy of Right. It also explores several basic elements in Hegel's thought, including his concept of freedom, his ideas of spirit and dialectic, and his account of the institutions of property and contract. It concludes by reflecting on Hegel's significance as a political thinker.
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Depew, David J. Natural Selection, Adaptation, and the Recovery of Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0001.
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This chapter begins by contrasting Spencer’s view of natural selection with Darwin’s understanding of its “paramount power.” Darwin’s interpretation contains seeds of a defining mark of the modern evolutionary synthesis: Adaptation is necessarily a consequence of natural selection working as a “creative” factor over multiple generations. The chapter distinguishes between several versions of the modern synthesis in order to argue that some are less at odds than others with the current turn toward development and in order to suggest that allowing ontogeny to be the generative locus of (much) selectable variation makes for more continuity between the developmentalist turn and the modern synthesis than is sometimes thought. Shifting “adaptation” from trans-generational populations to ontogenetically construed organisms is in tension with the modern evolutionary synthesis, but not as much as some believe.
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Bryson, Alan. Elizabethan Verse Libel. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.27.
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The scurrilous, sometimes seditious, nature of verse libel made it immensely popular in Elizabethan England, although, while also restricting it mainly to manuscript circulation. Few examples found their way into print, rendering the genre largely invisible until today. Despite this, verse libel was one of the most pervasive forms of the period, nurtured with imagination and verve by a broad range of poets. Poems were passed—and not necessarily secretively—from one person to the next, they were cast into pulpits and public places, scattered about the streets, posted on walls. Some were even sung to popular tunes, the better to humiliate their victims while also introducing the genre to the illiterate (and thus broadening the public debate contained within them beyond the elite). Libellous verse was part of everyday life decades before scholars have thought; its impact largely unknown today.
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Kirsty, Gover. Part II Group Identity, Self-Determination, and Relations with States, Ch.7 Equality and Non-Discrimination in the UNDRIP: Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0008.
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This chapter analyses the rights to equality and non-discrimination in Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) covers the full spectrum of rights contained in international and regional instruments, adapted to the circumstances of indigenous peoples. Because the UNDRIP has an exceptionally wide substantive scope, debates about equality and non-discrimination were a central part of the negotiations leading to its adoption. Where provisions of the UNDRIP were thought to deviate from rights already expressed in international law, they were perceived in some states to compromise the fundamental principles of equality and non-discrimination that underpin existing human rights' instruments. In this way, the extensive discussions about equality and indigeneity that characterized the development of UNDRIP are also debates about the continuity and coherency of international human rights' law.
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Emir, Astra. 16. Wrongful Dismissal. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198814849.003.0016.
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Under the law which existed prior to 1971 an employer was entitled to dismiss an employee for any reason or no reason at all. In 1971 the Industrial Relations Act created the right for many employees not to be unfairly dismissed, and though that Act was repealed, the relevant provisions were substantially re-enacted in the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974, and further changes were made by the Employment Protection Act 1975. The Employment Rights Act 1996 (as amended) contains most of the relevant statutory provisions currently in force. This chapter discusses the ways in which wrongful dismissal may occur; collateral contracts; summary dismissal; and employment law remedies.
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Jarvis, Simon. Christmas and the Superman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737827.003.0019.
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The chapter considers what the truth content of Chesterton’s essays, especially of his many short columns for the Illustrated London News, might be today. It looks both at Chesterton’s principal ideas, and at some of his principal rhythms of writing. An opposition between modern routine and Christian ritual is central to Chesterton’s thought. It is connected to the contrast between two conceptions of personhood: (1) a ‘modern’ conception of personhood as constituted by limitless self-transformation, and (2) a Christian conception of the person as a constrained living individual. Ritual necessarily contains elements of freedom, of play, and of delight without which it cannot be felicitously performed. It is, rather, modern routine and the outbursts of false spontaneity attempting in vain to break out from it which more really exhibit the unfreedom attributed by secularists to ritual.
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Thoughts on education: To which is added reflections of the life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan contained in the inaugural address, delivered before the Sheridan Literary Society, of Toronto, on the 12th of November, 1859. [Toronto?: s.n., 1987.
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Ott, Walter. The Dioptrique. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791713.003.0004.
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Descartes’s treatment of perception in the Optics, though published before the Meditations, contains a distinct account of sensory experience. The end of the chapter suggests some reasons for this oddity, but that the two accounts are distinct is difficult to deny. Descartes in the present work topples the brain image from its throne. In its place, we have two mechanisms, one purely causal, the other inferential. Where the proper sensibles are concerned, the ordination of nature suffices to explain why a given sensation is triggered on the occasion of a given brain motion. The same is true with regard to the common sensibles. But on top of this purely causal story, Descartes re-introduces his doctrine of natural geometry.
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Zack, Naomi. Introduction. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.61.
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The philosophy of race, progressively understood, is new to academic philosophy, although figures in the canon, including Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and Hegel, expressed and influenced scientific ideas of human races in terms that would today be considered racist. Changes in the biological and social sciences and historical anti-oppression movements during the twentieth century led first to African American philosophy and today more broadly to the philosophy of race. This volume contains leading twenty-first-century thought in this new philosophical subfield, including the following: ideas of race in the history of philosophy; pluralistic historical ideas of race from Indigenous, Latin American, and Asian American traditions; philosophy of science and race; ideas of race in American philosophy and continental philosophy; racism and neo-racism; race as social construction; contemporary social issues in education, medicine, sports, IQ testing, and police profiling; public policy, law, and political philosophy; and race and gender.
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Ehrlich, Benjamin. The Dreams of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619619.001.0001.
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This book contains the first English translation of the lost dream diary of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), the Nobel Prize-winning “father of modern neuroscience.” In the late nineteenth century, while scientific psychologists searched the inner world of human beings for suitable objects of study, Cajal discovered that the nervous system, including the brain, is composed of distinctly independent cells, later termed neurons. “The mysterious butterflies of the soul,” he romantically called them, “whose beating of wings may one day reveal to us the secrets of the mind.” Cajal was contemporary with Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), whose “secrets of the mind” radically influenced a century of thought. Although the two men never met, their lives and works were intimately related, and each is identified with the foundation of a modern intellectual discipline—neurobiology and psychoanalysis—still in conversation and conflict today. In personal letters, Cajal insulted Freud and dismissed his theories as lies. In order to disprove his rival, Cajal returned to an old research project and started recording his own dreams. For the last five years of his life, he abandoned his own neurobiological research and concentrated on psychological manuscripts, including a new “dream book.” Although his intention was to publish, the project was never released. The unfinished work was thought to be lost, until recently, when a Spanish book appeared claiming to feature the dreams of Cajal, along with the untold story of their complex journey into print.
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Morgan, Michael L., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Levinas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190455934.001.0001.
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Emmanuel Levinas (1906—1995) emerged as an influential philosophical voice in the final decades of the twentieth century, and his reputation has continued to flourish and increase in our own day. His central themes—the primacy of the ethical and the core of ethics as our responsibility to and for others—speak to readers from a host of disciplines and perspectives. However, his writings and thought are challenging and difficult. The Oxford Handbook of Levinas contains essays that aim to clarify and engage Levinas and his writings in a number of ways. Some focus on central themes of his work, others on the ways in which he read and was influenced by figures from Plato, Hobbes, Descartes, and Kant to Blanchot, Husserl, Heidegger, and Derrida. Other essays focus on how his thinking has been appropriated in moral and political thought, psychology, film criticism, and more, and on the relation between his thinking and religious themes and traditions. Finally, several essays deal primarily with how readers have criticized Levinas and found him wanting. This volume exposes and explores both the depth of Levinas’s philosophical work and the range of applications to which it has been put, with special attention to clarifying how his interests in the human condition, the crisis of civilization, the centrality and character of ethics and morality, and the very meaning of human experience should be of interest to the widest range of readers.
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Lorino, Philippe. Pragmatism, a process perspective on organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0009.
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Mainstream organization studies have long conceptualized organizations as structures imposing order on individual and collective practices. Many organization scholars see organizing as an ongoing process, given the ceaseless adaptative experience of organizations. After an account of the “process turn” in organization studies, this chapter identifies six key questions about the characteristics of organizing processes and analyzes the process orientation of pragmatism and the specific contribution of the main pragmatist thinkers to process thought. It clarifies the pragmatist responses to the six key issues: (1) Organizing is an intrinsic dimension of ordinary activity rather than a specific process reflexively examining activity; (2) organizing is a relational/trans-actional rather than (inter-)subjective process; (3) organizing is a teleological rather than self-contained and autopoietic process; (4) organizing operates segmentation and unification, spatializing and temporalizing at the same time; (5) organizing is both experience-based and creative, it entangles cognition and intuition; (6) organizing is ediated by signs.
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Straus, Joseph. Autism and Postwar Serialism as Neurodiverse Forms of Cultural Modernism. Edited by Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, and Joseph Straus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331444.013.44.
Full textAbstract:
From their shared beginnings in the mid-1940s on the East Coast of the United States, people classified as autistic and musical works identified as serial or twelve-tone have been described and stigmatized in strikingly similar ways. Both are understood as excessively isolated or alone, with each entity self-contained and self-enclosed. Both are understood as uncommunicative, or communicating in atypical ways, with an excess of private meanings and self-references, and as demonstrating an unproductive preference for routines and rituals. Similar descriptive metaphors have accreted around each, including inaccessible fortresses, incomprehensible aliens, and unfeeling machines. Autism and postwar twelve-tone music may thus be thought of as related forms of cultural modernism (in its postwar American incarnation). This essay both documents the shared stigmatization and pushes back against it. Neurodiversity and cultural diversity require and reward appropriate accommodation, in the recognition that pleasure and value may take many different forms.
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Okasha, Samir. Social Evolution, Hamilton’s Rule, and Inclusive Fitness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815082.003.0006.
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Inclusive fitness theory, originally due to W. D. Hamilton, is a popular approach to the study of social evolution, but shrouded in controversy. The theory contains two distinct aspects: Hamilton’s rule (rB > C); and the idea that individuals will behave as if trying to maximize their inclusive fitness in social encounters. These two aspects of the theory are logically separable but often run together. A generalized version of Hamilton’s rule can be formulated that is always true, though whether it is causally meaningful is debatable. However, the individual maximization claim only holds true if the payoffs from the social encounter are additive. The notion that inclusive fitness is the ‘goal’ of individuals’ social behaviour is less robust than some of its advocates acknowledge.
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Houston, Terry. Guide to Native Bees of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304073.
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Bees are often thought of as yellow and black striped insects that live in hives and produce honey. However, Australia’s abundant native bees are incredibly diverse in their appearance and habits. Some are yellow and black but others have blue stripes, are iridescent green or wasp-like. Some are social but most are solitary. Some do build nests with wax but others use silk or plant material, burrow in soil or use holes in wood and even gumnuts!
A Guide to Native Bees of Australia provides a detailed introduction to the estimated 2000 species of Australian bees. Illustrated with stunning photographs, it describes the form and function of bees, their life-cycle stages, nest architecture, sociality and relationships with plants. It also contains systematic accounts of the five families and 58 genera of Australian bees. Photomicrographs of morphological characters and identification keys allow identification of bees to genus level. Natural history enthusiasts, professional and amateur entomologists and beekeepers will find this an essential guide.
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Shatz, Marshall. Anarchism. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0045.
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Anarchism rejects the state as an inherently despotic institution that must be abolished in order for human nature to flower. This does not mean the absence of social order, however, for anarchism also contains a positive vision of the kind of community it expects to arise when political authority is eliminated. Although it shares liberalism's commitment to individual autonomy and Marxism's commitment to social justice, anarchism claims that it can implement those principles more fully and effectively without utilizing the mechanism of the state. Anarchism as a secular political philosophy originated as a product of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, and anarchist thought was the cumulative product of a number of different individuals in different countries who elaborated its basic principles. This article examines the views of several thinkers on anarchism, including William Godwin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Michael Bakunin, and Prince Peter Kropotkin. It also considers the link between anarchism and terrorism.
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Papacharalambous, Charis, ed. The Aims of Punishment. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748922384.
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Punishing people for crimes depends upon aims the penal system should go after. This is a field of inquiry always actual and sensitive. The present volume contains contributions of acknowledged experts in jurisprudence, criminal law theory, criminology and penology. It focuses on a variety of the most recent streams of thought as to the philosophy of punishment, on international and interdisciplinary criminal law issues, on the role criminal sanctions play as well as on law comparative issues concerning Cyprus and Greece. The theoretical part presents vistas relative to the relationship of criminal law and politics, whereas the international/interdisciplinary criminal justice discourse touches upon topics like EU and international criminal law, organized crime, sentencing, correctional policy and transitional justice. The comparative part deals with crucial sectors of applied discourse as to punishment like suspension of imprisonment, life term, penology problems and problems of specific sanctions like confiscation. The volume contributes thus to a comprehensive updating of the respective academic discussion.
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Fitzgerald, William, and Efrossini Spentzou, eds. The Production of Space in Latin Literature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768098.001.0001.
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This volume addresses, through a range of different authors and genres, Latin literature’s psychogeographical engagement with space. The volume’s title alludes to Henri Lefebvre’s La Production de l’espace of 1974, a seminal work in what is now called ‘the spatial turn’ in the humanities. Lefebvre stresses that space is to be included among the sites of hegemonic power and ideological contestation in a society and should not simply be thought of as a neutral container for human action, the setting in which it takes place. The contributions to this volume focus mainly on movement, or the mobile subject, in the experience, and making, of space rather than on the fixed monumental space within which that subject moves and acts. The contributions cover a broad terrain, both temporally (from Catullus to St Augustine) and generically (lyric, epic, elegy, satire, epistolography, historiography, autobiography, antiquarianism). They discuss the distinctively Roman experiences of space, and their intersections with empire, urbanism, identity, ethics, exile, and history. From a range of different angles they consider the specifically literary modes of the engagement with space in different genres and authors and pay special attention to the ideological stakes of this engagement.
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Buchanan, Allen. De-Moralization and the Evolution of Invalid Moral Norms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868413.003.0009.
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The focus of this chapter shifts from moral progress in the form of inclusion to moral progress in the dimension of “de-moralization,” which occurs when behavior once thought to be morally impermissible comes to be seen as morally neutral or even laudable. The chapter shows that evolutionary processes act as both constraints and enablers in this important dimension of moral progress and then draws upon this analysis to rebut a different set of evoconservative arguments that view de-moralization as a hubristic endeavor that is bound to have unintended bad consequences. These evoconservative arguments are premised on overly simplified conceptions of evolutionary theory, and as a result they underestimate the extent to which cultural evolution permits the origin, proliferation, and preservation of invalid moral norms. Although the conservative worry that de-moralization (or other forms of moral reform, for that matter) could result in unintended bad consequences is valid, contained and limited experiments in de-moralization can manage this risk without forgoing the benefits of emancipation from invalid moral constraints.
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Moyn, Samuel. Legal History as a Source of International Law. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0015.
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This chapter maintains that no serious theory of the sources of international law can avoid what professional historians now take for granted: namely, that historical knowledge is necessarily political. It begins by laying out this argument, before assessing its implications for mainstream accounts of the sources of international law. The chapter goes on to explore a recent legal conflict in which history figured in order to test and improve the claim that history is political. It looks at the recent contention in US courts interpreting the Alien Tort Statute (1789) about whether a norm of corporate liability for atrocity crimes is part of customary international law. Finally, the chapter concludes that this fascinating instance of the uses of history in the ascertainment of the requirements of international law fits well the theory that historical knowledge is ineradicably political, though contained by professionalism.
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Callender, Craig. Looking at the World Sideways. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797302.003.0008.
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When physics tells its story of the world, it writes on spatial pages and we flip pages in the temporal directions. The present moment contains the seeds of what happens next. Relativity challenges many of our pre-theoretical thoughts about time, yet even this would-be destroyer of time adheres to the idea that production or determination runs along the set of temporal directions. We might think of this fact as one of the last remnants left of manifest time in physics. Is even this residue of manifest time safe from physics? Looking at the world sideways, can we march “initial” data from “east” to “west” as well as from earlier to later? Or put even more loosely: can physics tell its stories if we write on non-spatial pages and read in non-temporal directions?
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Basu, Kaushik. An Economist's Miscellany. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190120894.001.0001.
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The book ranges over a vast canvas of experience, from the world of economics, covering glimpses of life and thought in academe and universities, to policymaking and politics. The author comments on contemporary debates in economics and politics and presents his own ideas and criticisms. The book is interspersed with commentaries on personalities, places, and theories of economics. The personalities we encounter here range from Nobel laureates, Kenneth Arrow, Paul Samuelson, and Amartya Sen, to the author’s mother at the age of 90. The places described in the book range from Jerusalem and Florence, to the foothills of Mount Fuji in Japan to Monte Alban in Mexico. In this book, the author talks about his encounters both philosophical and comical. This expanded edition of An Economist’s Miscellany also contains author’s literary forays with translations of two Bengali short stories and a four-act play about a professor of philosophy. This book brings together an eclectic collection of writings on the world of academe, politics, policy, travel, and more.
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Ziccardi Capaldo, Giuliana, ed. The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2017. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.001.0001.
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The 2017 edition both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of both UN-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2017 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists. It also includes expert introductory essays by prominent scholars in the realm of international law, on topics as diverse and current as the erosion of the postwar liberal global order by national populism and the accompanying disorder in global politics, a bifurcated global nuclear order due to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the Nuclear Weapons Prohibition Treaty, and the expansion of the principle of no-impunity and its application to serious violations of social and economic rights. New to the 2017 edition, the author of the article in Recent Lines of Internationalist Thought will now talk about their own work as a Scholar/Judge. In addition, this edition memorializes the late M. Cherif Bassiouni. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals and a section focusing on the thought of leading international law scholars on the subject of the globalization.
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Watson, David, and Michael W. O'Hara. Understanding the Emotional Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199301096.001.0001.
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Understanding the Emotional Disorders: A Symptom-Based Approach examines replicable symptom dimensions contained within five adjacent diagnostic classes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews several problems and limitations associated with traditional, diagnosis-based approaches to studying psychopathology, and it establishes the theoretical and clinical value of analyzing specific types of symptoms within the emotional disorders. It demonstrates that several of these disorders—most notably, major depression, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—contain multiple symptom dimensions that clearly can be differentiated from one another. Moreover, these symptom dimensions are highly robust and generalizable and can be identified in multiple types of data, including self-ratings, semistructured interviews, and clinicians’ ratings. Furthermore, individual symptom dimensions often have strikingly different correlates, such as varying levels of criterion validity and diagnostic specificity. It concludes with the development of a more comprehensive, symptom-based model that subsumes various forms of psychopathology—including sleep disturbances, eating- and weight-related problems, personality pathology, psychosis/thought disorder, and hypochondriasis—beyond the emotional disorders.
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Wright, Samuel. A Time of Novelty. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568163.001.0001.
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This book argues that a philosophical community emerged in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century India that crafted an intellectual life on the basis of intellectual and emotional responses to novelty in Sanskrit logic (nyāya-śāstra). As the book demonstrates, novelty was a primary concept used by Sanskrit logicians during this period to mark the boundaries of a philosophical community in both intellectual and emotional terms. This concept was expressed in their texts through the use of terms such as “old” and “new” when discussing certain philosophical opinions, signaling that periodization was a major component of their philosophy. By retaining space for emotion when studying intellectual thought, this book recovers not only what it means to “think” novelty but also what it means to “feel” novelty. Studying little-known essays by Sanskrit logicians in early modernity, the book explores the contours of what is termed “intellectual novelty” and “affective novelty” in Sanskrit logic—expressions of novelty in which is contained both cognitive and emotional content that, taken together, constitute intellectual life. As these expressions ultimately collapse into each other, the book argues that what emerges is an imaginative process that brings into being a new philosophical community.
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Tennant, Neil. Epistemic Gain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777892.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Core Logic avoids the Lewis First Paradox, even though it contains ∨-Introduction, and a form of ∨-Elimination that permits core proof of Disjunctive Syllogism. The reason for this is that the method of cut-elimination will unearth the fact that the newly combined premises form an inconsistent set. A new formal-semantical relation of logical consequence, according to which B is not a consequence of A,¬A, is available as an alternative to the conventionally defined relation of logical consequence. Nevertheless we can make do with the conventional definition, and still show that (Classical) Core Logic is adequate unto it. Although Core Logic eschews unrestricted Cut, nevertheless (i) Core Logic is adequate for all intuitionistic mathematical deduction; (ii) Classical Core Logic is adequate for all classical mathematical deduction; and (iii) Core Logic is adequate for all the deduction involved in the empirical testing of scientific theories.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. Productive Efficiency Analysis over Six Decades. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0006.
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This chapter contains an efficiency analysis for Indian industry from 1950–51 to 2013–14. Overall, there had been consistent growth in manufacturing employment over six decades, though by the 2010s only 13 million persons, or 0.1% of the population, had industrial jobs. Capital widening and deepening in India was substantial. In the 1950s, productive efficiency was high. In the 1960s, average productive efficiency declined sharply. In the 1970s, productive efficiency declined and stagnated till the 1980s when it started rising again. In the 1990s, productive efficiency rose and efficiency patterns were stable till the late 2010s when decline set in. Productive efficiency began a downward trend in the 2010s. In spite of capital widening and deepening, Indian industry was inept at managing technology. Indian industry has not possessed the competence to handle the knowledge embodied in fixed capital inputs, which is a hallmark of modern economies.