Academic literature on the topic 'Thornber'

Many development projects in Vietnam today, including tourism, are partially focused on ecology. However, the mentality of cultivating for later gains is still popular. In addition to the goal of creating opportunities to benefit local communities, this development discourse conveys a sense of ‘ecoambiguity’. This study mainly applies the concept of "ecoambiguity" of Thornber (2012) to discuss the current situation and impact of tourism activities in the Khmer community around Bà Om Pond in Trà Vinh, Vietnam. Unlike previous works that discussed the beauty and value of Khmer religion, temples, rural life, festivals, and art, this research argues that people-centered policies have never enabled people to achieve their goals.

With help of the nonequilibrium Green’s function technique and the Feynman path integral theory, we present a self-consistent approach to the Thornber-Feynman model of a polaron under high electric field. The applied field and the electron-phonon interaction both are treated non-perturbatively so that the high-field effect as well as the quantum interference effect have been taken into account. A set of coupled equations are derived to consistently describe the drift motion and the fluctuation of the electron. By solving these equations numerically we obtain (1) the nonlinear relation between the drift velocity and the applied electric field; (2) the effective electron temperature, the nonequilibrium noise, and the distribution functions.

AbstractA theoretical model for electrons in the conduction band intend to investigate the optical breakdown threshold in femtosecond laser pulse-fused silica interaction is presented. The model is derived from a rate equation that includes the avalanche and multi-photon ionization processes of Thornber and Keldysh, respectively, and also the three-body and exciton recombination mechanisms. In addition, the time evolution of electron mean energy is also considered through the energy balance equation. The mean energy acts as a trigger for the avalanche mechanism. The evolution of electron density profiles is calculated and discussed with respect to the ionization and recombination mechanisms. The results for the fluence threshold as a function of the pulse duration fall in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature.

In this paper, we present a mesoscopic-macroscopic model of self-consistent charge transport. It is based upon an asymptotic expansion of solutions of the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). We identify three dimensionless parameters from the BTE. These parameters are, respectively, the quotient of reference scales for drift and thermal velocities, the scaled mean free path, and the scaled Debye length. Such parameters induce domain dependent macroscopic approximations. Particular focus is placed upon the so-called high field model, defined by the regime where drift velocity dominates thermal velocity. This model incorporates kinetic transition layers, linking mesoscopic to macroscopic states. Reference scalings are defined by the background doping levels and distinct, experimentally measured mobility expressions, as well as locally determined ranges for the electric fields. The mobilities reflect a coarse substitute for reference scales of scattering mechanisms. See [9] for elaboration.The high field approximation is a formally derived modification of the augmented drift-diffusion model originally introduced by Thornber some fifteen years ago [25]. We are able to compare our approach with the earlier kinetic approach of Baranger and Wilkins [5] and the macroscopic approach of Kan, Ravaioli and Kerkhoven [20].

Uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan los productores forestales es la incógnita de saber cómo estimar el volumen de madera que tienen en su área boscosa, a partir de datos obtenidos de un inventario forestal. Las ecuaciones de volumen y sus expresiones tabuladas son una de las principales herramientas para conocer, de manera confiable, las existencias reales y realizar un manejo sostenible, así como para la gestión forestal. En este contexto, se realizó un estudio para elaborar ecuaciones y tablas de volúmenes para Pinus lawsonii y P. oocarpa en la zona sur de la Sierra Purhépecha. La toma de datos de campo se llevó a cabo mediante el derribo y cubicación de 152 árboles de P. lawsonii y 83 para P. oocarpa. Se ajustaron y compararon los modelos de Schumacher-Hall , Thornber , Spurr con variable combinada aritmética, Spurr con variable combinada logarítmica y Korsun, los cuales presentaron valores de R2 ajustada entre 0.97 a 0.99 estadísticos de Durbin Watson cercanos a 2; la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk muestra una buena distribución de los residuales. Un análisis ponderado concluyó que para la estimación del volumen de árboles en pie, el modelo de Schumacher-Hall fue el de mejor ajuste. La prueba de homogeneidad de varianzas indica que se puede emplear de manera indistinta este modelo para ambas especies.

Originaire des Amériques où il occasionne des dégâts importants sur diverses cultures le nématode phytoparasite Nacobbus aberrans est un ravageur potentiellement dangereux pour les pays ou les zones encore indemnes comme l'Europe. Afin d'éviter son introduction et d'évaluer le risque représenté par ce ravageur inscrit sur les listes de quarantaine européennes, il est indispensable de mieux cerner les contours de ce complexe d'espèces et de déterminer certains facteurs clefs de sa biologie. Dans un premier temps nous avons évalué en conditions de laboratoire les capacités de différentes populations de N. Aberrans à se développer sur différentes cultures. La nature du parasitisme varie selon le couple hôte-population de nématode étudié et corrobore la notion de race physiologique. En outre une catégorie de plantes qualifiées de réservoirs a été identifiée. Elle permet au nématode d'y réaliser son développement jusqu'au stade J4, stade qui se maintient en état de dormance sans assurer la multiplication de l'espèce. Un type original chez les Tylenchides de parasitisme du second stade juvénile a été caractérisé avec le recours à un puits métabolique et l'induction de la synthèse de plastes d'amidon par les cellules adjacentes au nématode. Dans un deuxième temps la variabilité génétique du nématode a été appréhendée d'une part l'étude du caryotype, qui se révèle varier entre 6 et 8 chromosomes à l'état haploïde, d'autre part par l'analyse de l'ensemble de la zone ITS de l'ADN ribosomique. Cette dernière nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence de deux groupes distincts au sein du complexe actuellement identifié comme N. Aberrans. La reconstruction phylogénétique d'un des groupes a permis de proposer un scénario évolutif impliquant l'apparition d'évènements d'insertions-délétions au sein de la région ITS d'un groupe puis l'apparition d'évènements d'insertions-délétions au sein de la région ITS d'un groupe, puis d'hybridations entre plusieurs groupes divergents
Native from the Americas where it is a wide spread pest on several crops, the plant parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans is a potential damaging pest for non contaminated countries or areas, such as Europe. To avoid its introductionand to assess the pest risk associated with this European quarantine organism, it is necessary to define the species limits and to describe some key elements of its biology. First the abilities of various population which corroborates the physiological race notion. Besides a different type of host was identified and mentioned as “reservoir” host, enabling the nematode to reach the J4 stage without completing its life cycle and without multiplying. A particular parasitism modality for J2 stage was observed : the juvenile feeds through a metabolic well and induces starch production in adjacent cells. This feeding system for second juvenile stage has not been described among Tylenchida until now. The genetic variability of the nematode was estimated with karyological observations, which indicate that the haploid chromosome number varies among 6 to 8. The analysis of the complete ITS ribosomal DNA underline that the N. Aberrans species complex is composed of two distinct groups. The phylogenetic analysis from one of these groups led to the proposition of a putative evolutionary scenario. After the divergence of some groups from a common ancestor and insertion-deletion event occurred within the ITS region of one group followed by some hybridizations among several divergent groups

The root lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus thornei, is a biotrophic migratory pest of plant roots and its infestation causes losses in many economically important crops. RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring eukaryotic phenomenon and can be used to silence parasitism effector genes of P. thornei using host-mediated RNAi. This may be developed as an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective control strategy. The overall aims of this research were to investigate the effects of in vitro and in planta RNAi silencing of putative P. thornei parasitism effector genes, and their nematicidal effects in two host plants. Five putative target parasitism genes vital for nematode entry into roots (Pt-Eng-1, Pt-PL), feeding (Pt-CLP) and suppressing host defence responses (Pt-UEP, Pt-GST) were identified, validated in silico using comparative bioinformatics, cloned into suitable in vitro transcription and binary vectors, and advanced to RNAi studies. Partial sequences for four of these target effector genes (Pt-Eng-1, Pt-PL, Pt-CLP, Pt-GST) were identified using Rapid Amplification of cDNA (RACE) PCRs and annotated in silico. Protein families, conserved domains, taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships for all four effectors were studied. This sequence information will help inform future investigations involving gene expression and proteomics of the selected putative effectors. In vitro RNAi was used for functional characterisation of the five effector sequences. Effects on nematode phenotype, behaviour, gene expression, and longer-term effects on reproduction were assessed after soaking nematodes in dsRNA through infection of healthy wild type soybean and alfalfa roots. Soaking of mixed stage P. thornei in 1mg/mL dsRNA of target genes for 16 h did not cause phenotypic changes except for Pt-PL, which exhibited straight or slightly curved phenotypes after soaking compared to the normal sigmoid body movement, also evident for green fluorescent protein (gfp) and no dsRNA treated controls. Semi-quantitative PCRs and densitometry analysis revealed a significant reduction of transcript accumulation for all five putative parasitism effector genes. Longer-term effects assessed at 21 dpi reduced nematode reproduction by 40 to 70% for all target genes compared to respective control treatments suggesting that the effectors studied were required for nematode infectivity, survival or reproduction. In planta RNAi involved Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformations to develop axenic transgenic hairy root events of soybean (Glycine max var. Williams 82) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and non-axenic hairy roots (composite plants) of soybean. Both hosts were amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, but hairy root induction was faster in alfalfa than soybean. However, more events were generated for soybean than alfalfa. Transgenic hairy roots confirmed by molecular analyses were challenged with P. thornei and their presence confirmed after 14 dpi. After 21 dpi, nematode numbers and transcript abundance was assessed using semi-quantitative PCRs and densitometry analysis. Host-mediated silencing of the five putative parasitism effector genes using transgenic soybean and alfalfa hairy roots showed a significant reduction in target transcript accumulation and approximately 38 to 75% reduction in P. thornei numbers compared to untransformed wild-type controls. For some events, there was a positive correlation between reduced transcripts and nematode numbers. Based on percent reduction in transcript accumulation of the target genes relative to 18S rRNA as assessed by densitometry, the extent of gene knockdown measured (from most to least) was: Pt-Eng-1, Pt-PL, Pt-CLP, Pt-UEP, and Pt-GST. Similarly, Pt-Eng-1, Pt-PL and Pt-CLP were ranked in the same order, from the lowest to highest reproduction on soybean and alfalfa, indicating a positive correlation between the level of knockdown and reduced reproduction. In soybean, these genes were followed by Pt-GST and Pt-UEP for the percentage of reproduction recorded, whereas, in alfalfa, reduction in reproduction for these two target genes did not differ significantly. Composite soybean with wild-type shoots and transgenic hairy roots expressing Pt-Eng-1 and Pt-PL genes were developed and provided an opportunity to test the effectiveness of silencing target genes in planta and on nematode numbers in conditions that mimicked natural host infections. For both Pt-Eng-1 and Pt-PL genes, there was a significant reduction in percentage of transcript accumulation relative to 18S rRNA, which correlated with a reduction in nematode numbers by 53.4% and 48.5% for Pt-Eng-1 and Pt-PL, respectively. The amenability of P. thornei to host-mediated RNAi using effector gene sequences, and the overall results of this study, point towards the potential use of this technology to control P. thornei and related RLN species effectively in different host crops.

Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.

A record of a steady, largely unnoted move towards a sufficient technical education in Wakefield Metropolitan District from the 1850s to the present time is the material cause of this thesis. The theme is the consequences of inescapable obligations imposed by central government through several Acts from the mid-nineteenth century to the present time which have been appraised as far as possible in their effect on two institutions: Wakefield (Technical) College and Thornes House Grammar School. The particular throws light on the general; theory translated into action produces unforeseen outcomes and tensions in addition to desired, planned results. State educational foundations in other counties of England will have had problems unique to each area: the common factor is the humanity of staff and pupils affected by central legislation which last casts a shadow if it does not totally colour the cultural ambience in which they work. Studies of institutions throw into relief interrelations between local and central administration as well as social interaction. Problems which apparently are educational are also reflections of groups' or districts' experience in the past. 'History' is a driving force, not a cliche. The research falls into three sections. Part One is concerned with the technical aspect and traces the development of technical instruction in Wakefield, the West Riding of Yorkshire, from the foundation of the independent Industrial and Fine Art Institution through its years under the local authority to its present, incorporated status as Wakefield College. Part Two covers the foundation and early life of Thornes House Grammar School, from the time it was established in 1921, in response to the 1918 Education Act, to 1961, when Mr. C. C. Bracewell, M.C., M.A., retired as Headmaster. Part Three outlines the effect of local political response to declining rolls and population change in the district on Thornes House School, combined with the weight of central government intervention in boundary re-organisation. When the succeeding comprehensive school which followed Thornes House Grammar School was closed, Thornes House buildings and Park were allocated to the College, finally to be sold to the College in February 1995. Access was left to other WMDC schools to use certain facilities. Through the lives of Wakefield College and Thornes House Grammar School the history of the struggle for secondary education for the total educable section of the population is epitomised. Two strands of argument are plaited through the fabric of this account. One: the concept of praxis, informed action, as demonstrated in the idiosyncratic balance of theory applied to action by the local population in its response to central authority's incomprehension of a heterogeneous community lying at the crossroads of a spreading county; second the equally individualistic interpretation of social obligation by those local dominant social groups which followed each other in each generation. That the Riding needed trained, educated middle range people as well as a skilled workforce was recognised, but, children of their time, these people earmarked a classical education for their own offspring as their prerogative. Across this period their reference group quite impartially worked hard for the Industrial and Fine Art Institution and the following Technical College/School, and introduced a broadened curriculum and teacher training. The lives of all these people, now part of local history, and sadly short on biographical detail, form two Interludes, and demonstrate a move from a voluntary, dispassionate yet benevolent autocracy of the nineteenth century to the business acumen of the following wealthy lower middle class supported by the professionalism of a rising, ambitious local administration, their names recorded in County Council and City Minute and Log Books. The Conclusion endorses the foreword that technological knowledge must now of necessity be part of an educated person's cultural luggage and as Brighouse stated, 'the education system must educate everyone.' The technical/technological sector has a wide remit in the spread of I. Q. from elementary to higher education, and subscribes to the words of Viscount Milton, 'the wider appreciation more than a single skill,' in its response. It has been attempted to suggest it comes back to the use of language, and some questions: Whom do we teach, what do we teach, why? to arrive at informed action. The argument has run through time - the lives of two institutions which had to put up a struggle to survive, and which have been overtaken by external circumstances - weighing in the process dissonances and harmonies, the principle of voluntary effort balancing professional administration; centre/locality; a 'liberal' curriculum/contrived, teaching - the 'good' teacher or 'teacher effectiveness.' A poor argument is not resolved by a worse one, but by dialectic. In effect, classical and technological aspects are both needed, and we are back with people of the calibre of Milnes-Gaskell, Sir Michael Sadler, Sir Alec Clegg and A.H.D. Acland, and those forgotten names who first spoke on behalf of the Society for the Promotion of Technical Education last century and in the early years of this. They are thin on the ground.

The Pasteuria genus comprises gram-positive bacteria that are obligate parasites of arthropods and nematodes. Species of this genus are ubiquitous, being present in both aquatic and terrestrial environments all around the world. Pasteuria was first described as a genus at the end of the 19th century and has undergone considerable reclassification regarding its member species. Starting in the 1980s, a more meticulous classification effort regarding the identification of Pasteuria spp., and its parasitic habits began. These studies were strongly motivated by the ability of individuals of this genus to parasitize phytopathogenic nematodes of several plant species. Each species of the genus Pasteuria establishes a strict parasitic relationship with a specific genus of phytonematode. As an example of this interaction, Pasteuria thornei is a parasite restricted to the genus Pratylenchus, which comprises the nematodes popularly known as root-lesion-nematodes, a pest of several agronomically important crops. Considering the current relevance of studies involving the biological control of phytonematodes, in the present work three experiments were carried out, each one containing a replicate, totaling, therefore, six experiments. Two experiments were intended to verify the efficacy of P. thornei as a biological control agent (BCA) of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean. The remaining four experiments had a similar objective in the scope of the Pratylenchus zeae - maize pathosystem. Two experiments were carried out to verify the efficacy of P. thornei as a biological control agent for P. zeae in maize, and afterwards, two additional experiments were performed in order to verify the capacity of the BCA to reduce productivity losses in corn plants due to the parasitism of this nematode. For the soybean experiments, the following treatments were added to the seeds of the cultivar SYN1080: three different concentrations of P. thornei endospores per seed (5x106, 107 e 1,5x107), a commercial control group for comparison containing abamectin (0.58mg/seed) and a mixed treatment containing abamectin (0.58 mg / seed) and 107 P. thornei endospores. Untreated seeds were used as a control group. The treatments were sown in 500 cm3 plastic cups containing soil inoculated with 1000 nematodes (experiment 1) and 600 nematodes (experiment 2). Fresh root mass and nematodes extracted from the roots of each plant were used as parameters of evaluation, taking place 60 and 90 days after inoculation (DAI). Only the treatment with the highest concentration of P. thornei (1.5x107) reduced the final population of nematodes significantly, reaching 30-50% of reduction compared to the untreated seeds. However, treatments containing the commercial control abamectin were superior in reducing the final population of nematodes in all experiments evaluated. Regarding the maize efficacy experiments, CELERON hybrid seeds were treated as described: four concentrations of P. thornei endospores per seed (5x106, 107, 1,5x107, 2x107), a commercial control group for comparison containing abamectin (0.58 mg / seed) and a mixed treatment containing abamectin (0.58 mg / seed) and 107 P. thornei endospores. Untreated seeds were used as a control group. The treated maize seeds were planted in 500 cm3 plastic cups containing soil inoculated with 4000 and 1000 individuals for the efficacy experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Evaluations occurred at 60 and 90 DAI. For the productivity assays, the experiments 3 and 4 were carried out under a screened greenhouse, with experimental plots consisting of 9L pots filled with artificially infested soil. Seeds of the CELERON hybrid received the following treatments: abamectin (0.58mg / seed), P. thornei (107 endospores / seed) and mixed treatment containing both abamectin (0.58mg / seed) and P. thornei (107 endospores / seed). Two additional treatments containing untreated seeds served as controls, with and without the presence of Pratylenchus zeae. The evaluation measured several agronomic traits, such as dry weight of the aerial parts, fresh mass of roots at harvest and total weight of grains. In addition, the nematode population was measured in fresh roots at 45, 90 days and at the time of harvest. Efficacy trials showed that the highest concentrations of P. thornei (1.5x107 and 2x107) have a considerable potential of P. zeae control. The nematode population reduction was 54 and 47% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, for the highest P. thornei concentration treatment. The commercial formulation containing abamectin showed a reduction of P. zeae population above 90% in both experiments. Regarding the maize productivity experiments, control potential of nematodes by P. thornei was similar to that observed in the efficacy study. The treatments containing abamectin had an effect on the mitigation of yield losses caused by P. zeae in both experiments. The mixed treatment (abamectin and P. thornei) and the one containing exclusively P. thornei presented a positive performance in both replicates. In none of the experiments synergistic or additive effects were observed between P. thornei and abamectin. With the data obtained in these experiments, the control potential of P. thornei on P. brachyurus and P. zeae in soybean and corn, respectively, is evident. Additionally, P. thornei and abamectin in the form of seed treatment, show potential in mitigating yield losses caused by P. zeae in maize. This highlights the importance of P. thornei as an additional tool for the management of root lesion nematodes in soybean and maize, and should encourage subsequent work.
O gênero Pasteuria compreende bactérias gram-positivas parasitas obrigatórias de artrópodes e nematoides. A distribuição das espécies deste gênero pelo mundo é ubíqua, podendo ser encontradas em ambientes aquáticos e terrestres. Este gênero foi descrito no final do século XIX e sofreu consideráveis reclassificações em relação às espécies nele compreendidos. A partir da década de 80, deu-se início a um esforço de classificação mais minucioso com relação à identificação de Pasteuria spp. e seus hábitos parasitários. Estes estudos foram motivados, principalmente, pela capacidade dos indivíduos deste gênero em parasitar nematoides fitoparasitas de diversas culturas. Cada espécie do gênero Pasteuria estabelece relações parasitárias com um gênero específico de fitonematoide. A exemplo desta interação, Pasteuria thornei é um parasita restrito ao gênero Pratylenchus, que compreende os nematoides causadores das lesões radiculares, daninhos a diversas culturas de importância agronômica. Considerando a relevância atual de estudos envolvendo o controle biológico de fitonematoides, no presente trabalho foram realizados três experimentos, cada um contendo uma réplica em época distinta, totalizando, portanto, seis experimentos. Dois experimentos tiveram por objetivo verificar a eficácia de P. thornei como agente de controle biológico (ACB) de Pratylenchus brachyurus na cultura da soja. E os demais quatro experimentos abordaram o patossistema Pratylenchus zeae-milho. Para esse objetivo, foram realizados dois experimentos com o intuito de verificar a eficácia de P. thornei como agente de controle biológico de P. zeae em milho, e outros dois experimentos para testar a capacidade do ACB em reduzir a perda de produtividade em plantas de milho decorrente do parasitismo do nematoide. Para os experimentos de soja, às sementes da cultivar SYN1080 foram adicionados os tratamentos como se segue: três concentrações de endósporos de P. thornei por semente (5x106, 107 e 1,5x107), um grupo de controle químico comercial para comparação contendo abamectina (0,58 mg / semente) e um tratamento misto contendo abamectina (0,58 mg / semente) e 107 endósporos de P. thornei. Sementes não tratadas foram utilizadas como testemunha. As sementes tratadas foram semeadas em copos de plástico de 500 cm3 contendo solo inoculado com 1000 nematoides (experimento 1) e 600 nematoides (experimento 2). A massa de raiz fresca e os nematoides extraídos das raízes de cada planta foram utilizados como critério de avaliação dos experimentos, a qual foi realizada aos 60 e 90 dias após a inoculação (DAI). Apenas o tratamento com a maior concentração de P. thornei (1,5x107) reduziu a população final de nematoides de maneira significativa atingindo 30-50% de redução, comparado àquele contendo sementes não tratadas. No entanto, os tratamentos que contém abamectina foram superiores na redução da população final de nematoides em todos os experimentos avaliados. Em relação aos experimentos de eficácia em milho, sementes do híbrido CELERON foram tratadas como explicitado: quatro concentrações de endósporos de P. thornei por semente (5x106, 107, 1,5x107 e 2x107), um grupo de controle comercial para comparação contendo abamectina (0,58 mg / semente) e um tratamento misto contendo abamectina (0,58 mg / semente) e 107 endósporos de P. thornei. As sementes tratadas de milho foram semeadas em copos de plástico de 500cm3 contendo solo inoculado com 4000 e 1000 indivíduos para os experimentos de eficácia 1 e 2, respectivamente. As avaliações ocorreram aos 60 e 90 DAI. Para os estudos de produtividade, foram realizados os experimentos 3 e 4 sob um telado com parcelas experimentais constituídas por vasos de 9L preenchidos de solo infestado artificialmente. Sementes do híbrido CELERON foram utilizadas contendo os seguintes tratamentos: abamectina (0,58mg / semente), P. thornei (107 endósporos/semente) e um tratamento misto contendo abamectina (0,58mg / semente) e P. thornei (107 endósporos/semente). Dois tratamentos adicionais contendo sementes não tratadas serviram de testemunhas, com e sem Pratylenchus zeae. A avaliação consistiu na medição de várias características agronômicas, como peso seco da parte aérea, massa fresca de raízes no momento da colheita e peso total dos grãos. Adicionalmente, foi mensurada a população de nematoides em raízes frescas aos 45, 90 dias e no momento da colheita. Os ensaios de eficácia mostraram que as concentrações mais elevadas de P. thornei (1,5x107 e 2x107) possuem um potencial mensurável de controle de P. zeae. A redução da população de nematoides foi de 54 e 47% nos experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. A formulação comercial de abamectina mostrou uma redução da população de nematoides superior a 90% em ambos os experimentos. No que diz respeito aos experimentos de produtividade de milho, o potencial de controle de nematoides por P. thornei foi semelhante ao observado no estudo de eficácia. O tratamento com abamectina teve efeito na redução das perdas de rendimento causadas por P. zeae em ambos os experimentos; assim como os tratamentos misto (abamectina e P. thornei) e aquele contendo apenas P. thornei que apresentaram desempenho positivo em ambas as repetições. Em nenhum dos experimentos foi observado efeito sinérgico ou aditivo entre P. thornei e abamectina. Com os dados obtidos nestes experimentos, fica evidente o potencial de controle de P. thornei sobre P. brachyurus e P. zeae em soja e milho, respectivamente. Ainda, tanto P. thornei quanto abamectina apresentam o potencial de mitigar as perdas de rendimento causadas por P. zeae em milho através do tratamento de sementes. Isso evidencia a importância de P. thornei como uma ferramenta adicional para o manejo desses nematoides, e deve encorajar trabalhos subsequentes.

In this study, a new dynamical model is established based on Thornes’ model. Then a detailed competitive and interactive relationship between soil erosion process and vegetation growth process is detected in humid regions. By employing the nonlinear dynamical analyses, a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium point is obtained under given parameters. This stable state indicates the vegetation growth process can coexist with soil erosion process. Furthermore, the transitions among different equilibrium states caused by the variation describe the competitive process in diverse environment. The results show that the soil erosion has effect on the formations of vegetation patterns in humid regions.

In order to give a comprehensive view about the essential relationship between vegetation and erosion, we employ an analysis of systemic dynamic stability based on vegetation-erosion equation raised by Thornes, and the further simulation about the equilibriums (fixed points) of the dynamic system can be given. We get four different types of the real equilibriums of the system. As well as this, the stability about all equilibriums is determined by systematic differential equation qualitative theory -Jacobi method. As a development of the original work of J.B.Thornes, this theoretical study highlights the insight to the interactive competition between vegetation and erosion.

Marae Ora, Kāinga Ora (MOKO) is a marae-led community development and wellbeing research project. Lee-Morgan et al. (2021) explain this three-year research project, stating: “MOKO investigates the potential of five marae to strengthen their provision of kāinga (village, settlement) in the contemporary urban context of South Auckland” (p. 2). Using a Kaupapa Māori (KM) approach to Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), this project explores the ancient Indigenous innovation of marae (both a spiritual and physical location with a socio-cultural setting for Māori to be immersed in a cultural context) and kāinga to understand and co-create new culturally based initiatives and support the activation of community development and wellbeing initiatives. While marae are highly valued by Māori communities as being critical to cultural sustainability and are recognised by government agencies as important community providers, there is a dearth of research about how contemporary urban marae operate and how they can work with, and for, communities (Kawharu, 2014; Tapsell, 2002; Thornley et al., 2015). The MOKO research aim is to enable marae to explore their potential role within their communities, to develop their own interpretation and opportunities for kāinga. These insights influence opportunities to partner with external agencies and services to achieve greater outcomes and collaborative advantages for whānau (family group) and community wellbeing, alongside marae. In brief, the MOKO project is focused on the intergenerational sustainability of the knowledge systems and replenishment of resources inherent within marae, our natural environment and kāinga ora.

According to the multiannual researches, it was observed that, in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, the Nematodofauna of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of different varieties, collected from deposits, is specific, with the dominance of saprophytes due to the spread of bacteriosis and fungal infections. In the potato tubers, sick with dithylenchosis (phases 4, 5), the presence of 30 spec8es of nematoodes was identified, belonging to 24 genera, 14 families, 5 orders, 2 classes: 1. Class Secernentea, Orders Aphelenchida, Rhabditida and Tylenchida; 2. Class Adenophorea, Orders Dorylaimida and Plectida. Most species (19 species) are saprophytes of the Class Secernentea, Order Rhabditida with the dominance of the Superfamilies Cephaloboidea and Diplogasteroidea. According to the trophic-ecological group, the species detected in the potatoes tubers are included in all 5 groups: plant feeding, hiphal feeding, bacterial feeding, animal predation, omnivorous. In all researched varieties, both in frequency (100%) and density (thousands of individuals/gram of infested tissue) distinguished species Ditylenchus destructor Thorne 1945, Order Tylenchida, Family Anguinidae, which is also the main parasite in the culture of Solanum tuberosum in the Republic of Moldova, capable of causing dithylenhosis, as well as epiphytotics – mass infestation of potatoes in deposits

Semiconductors are critical to our Nation’s economic growth, national security, and public health and safety. Revolutionary advances in microelectronics continue to drive innovations in communications, information technology, health care, military systems, transportation, energy, and infrastructure. The potential for microelectronics to create transformational change is growing exponentially as they become smaller, faster, and more sophisticated—delivering unprecedented performance. Next-generation systems, devices, and related technologies are critical to addressing society’s most urgent needs. The nation that leads in microelectronics research, development, and manufacturing will lead in defining and reaping the benefits from dynamic shifts in technology. The ability to cost-effectively manufacture complex next-generation microelectronics devices and integrate them in novel systems and packages is a growing challenge, compounded by ever-greater requirements for performance, functionality, and security. To strengthen the U.S. position in semiconductors, Congress authorized a set of programs known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act (CHIPS Act) as part of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2021 (Pub. L. No. 116-283). These programs would help restore U.S. leadership in microelectronics manufacturing and ensure America’s supply of leading-edge products by providing incentives and encouraging investment to expand production capacity and grow the innovation ecosystem for microelectronics research and development (R&D). Leveraging decades of experience in next generation devices, systems, and related technologies, NIST has a specific role authorized under the CHIPS Act to undertake critical metrology R&D that will strengthen the domestic semiconductor industry.