Academic literature on the topic 'Thoracic vertebrae'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thoracic vertebrae"
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Slijepčević, Maja, Frietson Galis, Jan W. Arntzen, and Ana Ivanović. "Homeotic transformations and number changes in the vertebral column ofTriturusnewts." PeerJ 3 (November 10, 2015): e1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1397.
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We explored intraspecific variation in vertebral formulae, more specifically the variation in the number of thoracic vertebrae and frequencies of transitional sacral vertebrae inTriturusnewts (Caudata: Salamandridae). Within salamandrid salamanders this monophyletic group shows the highest disparity in the number of thoracic vertebrae and considerable intraspecific variation in the number of thoracic vertebrae.Triturusspecies also differ in their ecological preferences, from predominantly terrestrial to largely aquatic. Following Geoffroy St. Hilaire’s and Darwin’s rule which states that structures with a large number of serially homologous repetitive elements are more variable than structures with smaller numbers, we hypothesized that the variation in vertebral formulae increases in more elongated species with a larger number of thoracic vertebrae. We furthermore hypothesized that the frequency of transitional vertebrae will be correlated with the variation in the number of thoracic vertebrae within the species. We also investigated potential effects of species hybridization on the vertebral formula. The proportion of individuals with a number of thoracic vertebrae different from the modal number and the range of variation in number of vertebrae significantly increased in species with a larger number of thoracic vertebrae. Contrary to our expectation, the frequencies of transitional vertebrae were not correlated with frequencies of change in the complete vertebrae number. The frequency of transitional sacral vertebra in hybrids did not significantly differ from that of the parental species. Such a pattern could be a result of selection pressure against transitional vertebrae and/or a bias towards the development of full vertebrae numbers. Although our data indicate relaxed selection for vertebral count changes in more elongated, aquatic species, more data on different selective pressures in species with different numbers of vertebrae in the two contrasting, terrestrial and aquatic environments are needed to test for causality.
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Men’shchikova, I. A. "Osteometry of the human spine at the age of maturity in the Ural region." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-622.
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Aim. To reveal the patterns of the changes of osteometric characteristics of the adults living in the Ural region.
Methods. 56 cadavers of human beings at the age of maturity were analyzed (28 women aged 21 to 55 years, and 28 men aged 22 to 60 years) being the residents of the Ural region. The scheme recommended by the Symposium on Age Periodization at the Institute of Age Physiology in 1969, was used for distribution by age groups. Osteometry and statistical method were used.
Results. In the cervical spine, the greatest sagittal size was determined in the spinal process of the VII cervical vertebra (30.9±1.79 mm), in the thoracic spine — in the VII thoracic vertebra (41.5±2.4 mm), and in lumbar spine — in the III lumbar vertebra (36.4±0.95 mm). The frontal size of vertebral bodies increased from overlying vertebrae to underlying ones, however, the decrease in the frontal size of vertebral bodies was noted from the I thoracic to the VI thoracic vertebra, and starting from the VII thoracic vertebra its further increase was observed. The sagittal size of vertebral body increased only from the II cervical vertebra to the III lumbar one. The sagittal size of the bodies of the III–V vertebrae was within the range of 32–34 mm. The sizes of vertebral arch pedicle allow conducting the transpedicular fixation at the level of all vertebrae, but it should be taken into account that in V and VI thoracic vertebrae frontal size of arch pedicle is the least as compared to other levels. The frontal sizes of spinal canal were more than sagittal ones at the levels of all vertebrae, with the exception of atlas and the V thoracic vertebra.
Conclusion. The results can serve as the basis for performing any surgical interventions on the spine and as the norm for evaluation of its pathological changes.
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Phansangiemjit, Amonsiri, Kamolphatra Kasemjiwat, Krit Patchanee, Yossapat Panninvong, Ana Sunisarud, Nan Choisunirachon, and Chutimon Thanaboonnipat. "The Differences in Radiographic Vertebral Size in Dogs with Different Chest and Skull Types." Animals 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2024): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030470.
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The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria—BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3). Age had weak negative correlations with vertebral length and height. Sex did not affect the vertebral size parameters. BW had strong positive correlations with vertebral length and height, but there was no influence of BW on vertebral length/height ratio. Regarding the different body sizes and conformations, large breeds had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than small and medium breeds (p < 0.001). In Criterion 2, the vertebrae of the mesocephalic dogs had significantly greater length and height than those of the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs (p < 0.05). In Criterion 3, both deep-chest and round-chest dogs had vertebrae with significantly greater length and height than the barrel-chest dogs (p < 0.0001). Only vertebral length/height ratios of T4 were not influenced by age, sex, BW, skull type, and thoracic conformation. Age, differences in body size, skull type, and thoracic conformation could affect the vertebral size in dogs. Therefore, using breed-specific vertebral lengths and/or heights is a better approach for comparative radiographic analysis with vertebral measurements.
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Hurtado-Avilés, José, Vicente J. León-Muñoz, Pilar Andújar-Ortuño, Fernando Santonja-Renedo, Mónica Collazo-Diéguez, Mercedes Cabañero-Castillo, Ana Belén Ponce-Garrido, et al. "Validity and Absolute Reliability of Axial Vertebral Rotation Measurements in Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 11084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311084.
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Axial vertebral rotation (AVR) and Cobb angles are the essential parameters to analyse different types of scoliosis, including adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The literature shows significant discrepancies in the validity and reliability of AVR measurements taken in radiographic examinations, according to the type of vertebra. This study’s scope evaluated the validity and absolute reliability of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae AVR measurements, using a validated software based on Raimondi’s method in digital X-rays that allowed measurement with minor error when compared with other traditional, manual methods. Twelve independent evaluators measured AVR on the 74 most rotated vertebrae in 42 X-rays with the software on three separate occasions, with one-month intervals. We have obtained a gold standard for the AVR of vertebrae. The validity and reliability of the measurements of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were studied separately. Measurements that were performed on lumbar vertebrae were shown to be 3.6 times more valid than those performed on thoracic, and with almost an equal reliability (1.38° ± 1.88° compared to −0.38° ± 1.83°). We can conclude that AVR measurements of the thoracic vertebrae show a more significant Mean Bias Error and a very similar reliability than those of the lumbar vertebrae.
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Skawiński, Tomasz, Piotr Kuziak, Janusz Kloskowski, and Bartosz Borczyk. "Phylogenetic Diversity of Ossification Patterns in the Avian Vertebral Column: A Review and New Data from the Domestic Pigeon and Two Species of Grebes." Biology 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020180.
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Despite many decades of studies, our knowledge of skeletal development in birds is limited in many aspects. One of them is the development of the vertebral column. For many years it was widely believed that the column ossifies anteroposteriorly. However, later studies indicated that such a pattern is not universal in birds and in many groups the ossification starts in the thoracic rather than cervical region. Recent analyses suggest that two loci, located in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, were ancestrally present in birds. However, the data on skeletal development are very scarce in the Neoaves, a clade that includes approximately 95% of extant species. We review the available information about the vertebral column development in birds and describe the ossification pattern in three neoavians, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), the great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) and the red-necked grebe (Podiceps grisegena). In P. cristatus, the vertebral column starts ossifying in the thoracic region. The second locus is present in the cervical vertebrae. In the pigeon, the cervical vertebrae ossify before the thoracics, but both the thoracic and cervical loci are present. Our ancestral state reconstructions confirm that both these loci were ancestrally present in birds, but the thoracic locus was later lost in psittacopasserans and at least some galloanserans.
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Eby, Adam, Peter Early, Simon Roe, Karl Kraus, Yuan Lingnan, and Jonathan Mochel. "Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Mid-thoracic Vertebral Corridors in Normal French Bulldogs." European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2022.2.1.21.
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Objectives: (1) To report internal measurements of thoracic vertebral bone morphology and (2) identify safe and clinically applicable surgical implant corridors in the T7-T9 thoracic vertebrae of French Bulldogs.
Study Design: Observational, cross‐sectional, descriptive study.
Sample Population: Seven client-owned French Bulldogs with normal thoracic vertebrae.
Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) studies of normal French Bulldogs were reviewed. Multiplanar reconstruction of the CT images was used to determine thoracic vertebral corridors. Corridor measurements included the width, length, insertion distance off midline, and angle off midline (sagittal) for each thoracic vertebra. One‐way analysis of variance was used to detect differences between groups.
Results: Measurements of vertebral corridor width (p>0.9848), length (p>0.8113), implant center (p>0.9282) and angle (p>0.3609) did not differ between each vertebra. The average vertebral corridor width was 4.5 ± 0.7 mm. The average corridor length was 17.2 ± 2.5 mm. The average corridor angle was 22.3 ± 1.9 °. The mean distance the proposed implant center was from the vertebral midline was 8.2 ± 1.1 mm. Inter-observer agreement of corridor length and implant center was good but poor for corridor angle and width.
Conclusion: Based on average corridor width and length, commercially available cortical screws or pins can be utilized for implants in this region of the thoracic spine. The angle of corridor trajectory from a dorsal approach seems most applicable for T7-T9.
Clinical Significance: Vertebral corridors can be measured using CT-MPR, and implant specifications and angles derived. Surgical guides can also be created to guide implant placement. This approach provides a simple and accurate method to guide the placement of thoracic vertebral implants.
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Fessler, Richard G., Donald D. Dietze, Michael Mac Millan, and David Peace. "Lateral parascapular extrapleural approach to the upper thoracic spine." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 3 (September 1991): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.3.0349.
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✓ The upper thoracic vertebrae are difficult to approach surgically because of the narrowing of the thoracic inlet, the proximity of the brachial plexus, and the parascapular shoulder musculature. A novel lateral parascapular extrapleural approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae is described. The parascapular shoulder musculature (trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles) is reflected off the spinous processes to the scapula as a musculocutaneous flap, preserving the neurovascular supply. The paraspinal musculature is mobilized and retracted, and the upper dorsal ribs are removed with caution to avoid injury to the C-8 and T-1 nerve roots. The rami communicantes are transected, and the sympathetic chain is displaced anterolaterally. The T2–4 vertebrae can be approached unobstructed. The T-1 nerve root obstructs posterolateral access to the T-1 vertebra, necessitating an inferolateral approach underneath the T-1 nerve root axilla. Four patients with compressive myelopathy from upper thoracic vertebral metastases underwent neural decompression, vertebral reconstruction, and posterior spinal fixation with this approach. Their postoperative neurological status was either unchanged or improved. Complications included radiographic pleural effusion and superficial wound dehiscence; one patient required posterior spinal reinstrumentation for progressive kyphosis. One patient developed pneumonia 7 days postoperatively which was unresponsive to appropriate treatment. It is believed that the anatomical limitations to this region have been overcome, and that excellent exposure of the T1–4 vertebrae for neural decompression and vertebral reconstruction can be performed safely. A major advantage is that posterior spinal fixation can be carried out simultaneously.
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Rajabi, Ramin, Abed Ebrahimi, Sara Rahimi, and Behzad Gholamveisi. "Transsternal surgery on a patient with a pathological lesion in the thoracic vertebrae and severe destruction of the third thoracic vertebra." Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 43, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2021.057.
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Due to the critical and important structures in the thorax, transsternal surgery on thoracic vertebrae is very complex and rarely performed. We report a case of successful transsternal surgery on thoracic vertebrae. In this study, a 27-year-old man presented to the hospital with progressive lower extremity complaints. Pathologic lesions and severe destruction of the T3 vertebra were diagnosed. Considering the location of the lesion, an anterior approach was performed. The results of this operation have been very successful and have some noteworthy points. In this study, transsternal surgery is supported in patients with anterior vertebral conditions.
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Orel, A. M., and O. K. Semenova. "Functional division and age differences in cervical spine of males and females." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 2 (June 27, 2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2023-2-105-118.
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Introduction. The cervical spine from osteopathy point of view, taking into account spine functional division, includes vertebrae of the cervical-thoracic junction, and the approach requires additional coordination. The X-ray examination experience with the entire spine integrity suggests that both cervical vertebrae and vertebrae of cervical-thoracic junction are the place of the greatest age-related changes. The study of gender difference in cervical spine vertebra positions and its age-related dynamics requires additional attention. The purpose of the work: on the basis of digital radiographs to develop an integral indicator for assessing the position of the vertebrae of the middle cervical spine; research objectives: to quantify vertebra positions from CIII–VI; to propose a characteristic of transition smoothness from vertebral CIII–VI group to the vertebral CVII–TIII group; to study the male/female features of age trend in cervical spine shape.Materials and methods. Radiographs of all spine parts in sagittal plane were examined for 141 patients with dorsopathies (57 males and 84 females). The cohort of patients is divided into 4 groups: I (n=31) — 21–44 years (average age 33,1 years); II (n=39) — 45–59 years (average age 52,6 years); III (n=50) — 60–74 years (average age 66,8 years); IV (n=21) — 75–88 years (average age 81,1 years). A single digital X-ray spine image in sagittal plane was obtained for each patient. On the combined digital radiograph, the occipital vertical was drawn along all spine parts, starting from the external tubercle of occipital bone, and anteroposterior axes for CIII–TIII vertebrae (r axes) were drawn. The angles between the occipital vertical and the perpendiculars restored to the axes at the points of their intersection with the occipital vertical were measured. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out.Results. The St integral indicator has been developed to quantify the vertebra position of middle cervical spine. It was calculated by formula St = (rCIII+rCIV+rCV +rCVI)/4. Using St the type boundaries are determined, and four displacement types for the cervical vertebra group (from CIII–VI) are identifi ed: I — low start; II — medium start; III — high start; IV — ultra-high start. An age-related trend of changes in CIII–VI vertebra position was detected. The correlation between the position indicator St of the middle cervical vertebrae and indicator ArCT for the vertebrae of cervical-thoracic junction CVII–TIII was proved. Gender differences depending on age were revealed in transition smoothness between these spine parts.Conclusion. Some arguments have been obtained confi rming the validity of attributing the vertebra group of cervical-thoracic junction from CVII to TIII to the functional unity of cervical spine. Quantitative smoothness assessment of transition from the middle cervical spine to the vertebra group of cervical-thoracic junction can be carried out by calculating the difference between the ArCT and St indicators. The difference demonstrates age-related shape features of the spine part for males and females.
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Wickramarathna, E. A. A. M., K. M. W. W. Priyadarshani, D. A. S. S. Kumara, and K. M. Chandimal. "Vertebral synostosis of three thoracic vertebrae." Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2024): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v7i2.199.
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This case report presents a unique finding of fused thoracic vertebrae in the Anatomy osteology collection at the Faculty of Medicine, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka. The specimen exhibits a rare condition wherein three adjacent thoracic vertebrae have fused together. This report describes the anatomical features and implications of this fused thoracic vertebra in the context of clinical significance and research.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thoracic vertebrae"
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Tan, Celia I. C. "A radiological and biochemical perspective on ageing and degeneration of the human thoracic intervertebral disc." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0059.
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Disc degenerative changes are directly or indirectly associated with spinal pain and disability. Literature revealed a high prevalence of disc degeneration in the thoracic region, however thoracic MRI degeneration trends and information on disc biochemical matrix constituents are limited for thoracic discs compared to lumbar and cervical discs. The objective of this thesis was to use MRI to investigate the prevalence of disc degenerative changes affecting the human thoracic spine, and to determine the factors affecting spinal disc biochemical matrix. A 3-point subjective MRI grading scale was used to grade the films. The feasibility of using archived formalin-fixed cadaver material was investigated to analyse collagen and elastin crosslinks. The prevalence of degenerative changes in human thoracic discs and vertebrae (T1 to T12) was determined retrospectively from an audit of 216 MRI cases, using sagittal T1- and T2-weighted MR images. In a subsequent series of ex-vivo studies, human thoracic discs and LF from 26 formalin-fixed and two fresh spines, involving all thoracic levels, were examined macroscopically to determine the degeneration status. Subsequently, disc and ligament tissues were analysed biochemically for collagen (pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) and elastin (desmosine and isodesmosine) crosslinks. These crosslinks were extracted from hydrolysed samples by cellulose partition chromatography, and analysed by reverse-phase HPLC. Collagen content was determined using its hydroxyproline content, and proteoglycan content was assayed using a modified DMB assay for chondroitin sulphate. Finally the MRI and macroscopic assessments of thoracic discs, were compared with the biochemical data from two fresh cadaver thoracic spines. The 3-point MRI grading scale had a high inter- (k = 0.57 to 0.78) and intra-rater (k = 0.71 to 0.87) reliability. There were no significant differences in the collagen and elastin content and extent of collagen crosslinks between formalin fixed and unfixed ligament and disc tissues, after 25 weeks of formalin fixation. From the in-vivo MRI series of investigations (n = 216 MRI films), the prevalence of thoracic disc degenerative and vertebral morphological changes revealed significant age, gender and spinal level trends (p < 0.05).Generally, males had a higher propensity for disc degeneration in contrast to females, especially older females, where the trend showed a higher prevalence of osteophytes and vertebral body changes. In particular, the mid and lower thoracic levels have a higher prevalence of degenerative changes, except for osteophytes and anterior vertebral wedging. With increased age, there was a concomitant increase in anterior wedging and bi-concavity and disc degenerative changes except for end-plates. The biochemical investigations on the ex-vivo series of formalin-fixed thoracic discs (n = 303) also revealed significant changes in the disc matrix due to degeneration status, age, gender and spinal regional factors. With increased age, normal disc matrices have significantly lower collagen content and extent of pyridinoline (p < 0.001). In contrast, the degenerated disc matrix revealed significantly higher collagen content and extent of deoxypyridinoline (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that an altered matrix existed in normal ageing discs, which render the disc prone to injury and degeneration over the life span. The higher collagen and deoxypyridinoline in degenerated disc matrices reflects an increase in chondrocyte synthesis, and is also a novel finding, suggesting that they may be used as markers of ageing and degeneration processes. The biochemical investigations on another series of ex-vivo spinal LF tissues (n = 364), revealed that this had a lower collagen and pyridinoline, but significantly higher elastin and deoxypyridinoline compared to spinal discs (p < 0.05). Elastin crosslinks however were difficult to detect in spinal discs, being present in negligible amounts in a few lumbar discs. The elastin crosslinks in the LF were not significantly affected by age, but were significantly higher in calcified, and female ligamentum tissues, and also in the lumbar region (p < 0.05). These MRI prevalence findings enhanced our knowledge of vertebral body and disc degeneration trends in the thoracic region and contributed to the interpretation of MR images for pathology in the human thoracic spine. Information on the associated collagenous and elastic changes in the disc and ligamentum matrices provide original data and insight on the pathogenesis of degeneration in the disc matrix from a biochemical perspective, highlighting gender, age and spinal level influences on the matrix tensile strength and cellular synthetic activities.
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Loomis, David Arthur. "A Biomechanical Analysis of Ape and Human Thoracic Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography Based Finite Element Models." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1260218025.
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Thesis(M.S.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of EMC - Mechanical Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Cortez-Bazán, Nathaly, Jennifer R. Delgado, Omar Galdos, and Luis Huicho. "Pott’s disease in upper thoracic vertebrae in atwo-year-old boy: Case report." Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624633.
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Pott’s disease is a health problem in developing countries and its diagnosis in children is a challenge. Here we present the case of a two-year-old boy with Pott’s disease involving T1 to T3 thoracic vertebrae. The clinical presentation was characterized by difficulty walking, fever, cough, and dyspnea. At physical examination, kyphosis and bony prominence were observed in the cervicodorsal area. A positive tuberculin test was obtained, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated via culture of the gastric aspiration sample. The spine MRI showed a chronic abscess, destruction of two vertebrae, and bone marrow compression. The patient experienced some improvement with anti-TB therapy. Here, we emphasize the importance of giving consideration to the clinical suspicion for the early detection of this condition, as well as a quick TB-treatment start so as to avoid the disability and mortality associated to this disease.Revisión por pares
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Botha, René. "Demonstrating the cervicothoracic junction : a comparison of two techniques." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/113.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008Motivated by the challenges associated with demonstrating the cervicothoracic junction, a study was conducted at Pelonomi Regional Hospital from May 2006 to June 2007. In this study, two projections of the cervicothoracic junction were done, with the only difference between them being the orientation of the arms. One projection was done using the swimmer’s projection and the other using an adaptation of the swimmer’s projection where the orientation of the arms was reversed. The sample, consisting of 45 patients, was referred from the emergency department and wards. Most of the patients (95.5%) were examined using a computed radiography system providing digital images that were printed using a laser film printer. Other patients were examined using conventional film/screen systems. The objectives of this study were to compare the two imaging techniques with reference to diagnostic quality of the projections, diagnosis of pathology and repeat rate. Radiographers obtained the two projections of the cervical spine; the researcher collected the images and distributed these to three participating radiologists on a rotational basis. The radiologists evaluated the films using a set of criteria; a biostatistician analysed the results of these evaluations. In all the criteria of image quality the swimmer’s projection showed better results. There were also, however, instances where the adapted swimmer’s had better results. The differences in percentages were not significant enough to show any statistical difference between the resultant images of the two techniques. No valid deduction could be made in relation to the demonstration of pathology due to variable instances of pathology evaluated by the radiologists. The repeat rate of the adapted swimmer’s projection compared well with the swimmer’s projection. Though the swimmer’s projection had better results for most of the criteria used in this study, no unequivocal, statistically significant evidence of it demonstrating C7-T1 better could be found. What was evident was the validity of the adapted swimmer’s projection as an alternative under certain conditions. Knowing that there is an alternative method to visualising the C7- T1 junction could be beneficial not only to radiography, but also to our patients. In cases where the swimmer’s projection is not possible due to extremity injuries, an alternative arm orientation can be useful. The alternative can also address the problem regarding multiple repeats of the swimmer’s projection.
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De, Donno Giulia. "Three dimensional strain analysis of vertebrae with artificial metastases through digital volume correlation." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19911/.
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Bone is a common site for metastases and spine represent the most frequent site. Lytic lesions are associated with the loss of bone tissue, which can compromise the mechanical competence of the vertebra, leading to spine instability. Rigid stabilization is a solution, but it is a complex surgery, that can be very critical for oncologic patients; on the other hand, an untreated metastasis can lead to mechanical failure of the bone, leading to pain, immobilization and in the worst case, paralysis.
In this study, a protocol to analyse the strain with simulated lytic metastasis under compressive loading has been developed and optimized using a porcine vertebra. The strain distribution has been measured experimentally using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC), which provided three-dimensional displacements and strains maps inside the specimen. The ideal parameters for the DVC have been found by analysing two repeated scans in constant strain condition and setting a target of 200 microstrain for the errors (one order of magnitude lower than typical strains in bone subjected to physiological loading conditions). An ideal nodal spacing of 50 voxels (approximately 2 mm) has been chosen and a voxel detection algorithm has been applied to all data to remove regions outside the bone. In order to understand how the presence of the defect could alter the strain distribution, the porcine vertebra has also been subjected to non-destructive compressive load before and after the preparation of a mechanically induced lytic metastasis in the vertebral body. An increase of the 40% of the compressive principal strain after the defect has been found in proximity of the lesion.
This protocol will be used in future studies to analyse the effect of size and position of artificially metastatic lesions in the vertebral body of human spines.
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Dare, Michael Robert. "Investigation of hip kinematics in adult sports participants during single leg drop landing with chronic groin pain." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86334.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction-Groin injuries are among the top six most cited injuries in soccer and account for 10-18 per cent of all injuries reported in contact sport. Groin pain can result from a variety of pathologies, but according to literature, 63 per cent of groin pain is due to adductor pathology. Objective-The objective of this study was to explore if there are kinematic differences in the hip joint in sports participants with groin pain compared to matched healthy controls. Study design A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Study setting-The study was conducted at the FNB -3D motion analysis laboratory at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Outcome variables-The dependent variables included hip kinematics in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes at foot strike, lowest vertical point of the pelvis and total range of hip motion during a single leg drop landing. Methodology-The study sample comprised 20 male club level soccer-and, rugby players, running and cycling participants between the ages of 18-55 years of age. Ten of the subjects had chronic groin pain and the other ten were healthy matched controls. An eight-camera Vicon system was used to analyse the kinematics of the hip joint during single leg drop landing. For the purpose of comparison, the data was analysed for participants with unilateral groin pain and matched controls (n=14) and participants with bilateral groin pain and controls (n=6). The full set of data was subdivided for analysis into three distinct sub-groups. Unilaterally injured groin cases (n=7) were matched with seven healthy controls for analysis. Bilaterally injured groin cases (n=3) were matched with three healthy controls. Results-Cases with unilateral groin pain at initial contact had significantly more abduction of the hip joint when compared to controls (p<0.05). The effect size of this difference was large (0.94). Cases with unilateral groin pain also demonstrated greater hip internal rotation while the controls had external rotation (p<0.05) during a drop landing activity. Bilaterally injured groin cases landed with significantly (p=?) greater ranges of hip flexion as well as in significantly (p=?) more hip abduction during a drop landing activity. They also demonstrated greater total range of motion in the frontal plan when compared to controls. Groin pain cases overall demonstrated greater ranges of motion and tended to land in more abduction compared to controls. Conclusion-This study found that during a single leg drop landing, sports participants with unilateral chronic groin pain landed with significantly greater hip abduction and exhibited larger total range of motion in the transverse plane, which may indicate impaired stability of the hip complex when compared to controls.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding-Liesbeserings is een van die top ses mees prominente sokker beserings. Dit beloop 10-18 persent van alle beserings wat in kontaksport aangemeld word. Liespyn kan die gevolg wees van ‘n verskeidenheid patologië, maar volgens die literatuur is 63 persent van liespyn as gevolg adduktor patologie. Doelwitte-Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel of daar enige kinematiese veranderinge in die heupgewrig is in spelers met liespyn in vergelyking met dieselfde vergelykbare spelers sonder liespyn. Studie Ontwerp-‘n Deursnit, beskrywende studie was onderneem. Studie Omgewing-Die studie was uitgevoer by die FNB-3D bewegingsanalise laboratorium van die Stellenbosch Universiteit, Suid-Afrika. Uitkomsveranderlikes-Die afhanklike veranderlikes het in gesluit die heup kinematika in die sagitale, frontale en transvers vlakke met voet kontak endie laagste vertikale punt van die pelvis sowel as die totale heup omvang van beweging gedurende een been landing. Metodologie-Die studie populasie het bestaan uit 20 manlike sokker- en, rugbyspelers, hardlopers en fietsryers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 55 jaar. Tien van die deelnemers het kroniese liespyn gehad en die ander tien in die gelyke gesonde groep was sonder liespyn. Die agt kamera Vicon sisteem was gebruik om die kinematika van die heupgewrig te analseer tydens een been landing. Vir die doel om ‘n vergelyking te kan maak, was die data geanaliseer van deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn en die vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=14) en deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn en hulle vergelykende groep sonder liespyn (n=6).. Die volledige stel data was onderverdeel in drie afsonderlike sub groepe. Vir die analiese was unilaterale liesbeserings (n=7) vergelyk met sewe deelnemers sonder liespyn in die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met bilaterale liesbeserings (n=3) was vergelyk met drie in die kontrolegroep. Resultate-Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het met eerste kontak beduidend meer abduksie van die heupgewrig gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep (p<0.05). Die effek van hierdie verskil was groot (0.94). Die deelnemers met unilaterale liespyn het ook ‘n grooter interne rotasie getoon, terwyl die kontrole groep meer eksterne rotasie gedemonstreer het (p<0.05) met landing. Deelnemers met bilaterale liespyn het beduidend (p=?) meer heup fleksie en abduksie omvang van beweging tydens landing. Hulle het ook ‘n groter totale heup omvang van beweging in die frontale vlak gehad in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep. Deelnemers met liespyn het oor die algemeen ‘n grooter omvang van beweging getoon, en was geneig om met meer abduksie van die heup te land as die kontrolegroep. Gevolgtrekking-Die studie toon dat deelnemers met kroniese unilaterale liespyn, tydens een been landing, beduidende meerheup abduksie toon en dat die heup in die transverse vlak meer totale omvang van beweging gebruik wat kan dui op onstabiliteit in die heupkompleks in vergelyking met die kontrolegroep.
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Fujii, Kota. "Association of Chemoradiotherapy With Thoracic Vertebral Fractures in Patients With Esophageal Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/264656.
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Sugino, Rafael Lindi. "Estudo morfométrico da coluna vertebral torácica: relação da transição cervicotorácica com o esterno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17142/tde-08062017-095810/.
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A transição cervicotorácica compreende a região anatômica que envolve as vértebras cervicais distais e as torácicas proximais. Durante a realização de abordagens cirúrgicas anteriores para tratamento de afecções que acometem as vértebras desta região, o esterno pode representar uma barreira mecânica. Assim, diversos métodos de programação pré-operatório foram propostos para avaliar a necessidade de osteotomias do esterno. Até a presente data, não existem trabalhos correlacionando as medidas com as variáveis sexo e idade. Nosso estudo envolveu a avaliação retrospectiva de 300 exames de tomografia computadorizada. Os pacientes foram separados de acordo com o sexo em dois grupos e de acordo com a faixa etária em 3 subgrupos. Os parâmetros estudados foram: nível horizontal em relação ao esterno (NHE), angulação do corpo (AC), nível discal (ND) e angulação do nível discal (AND). O NHE variou de C7 a T4, sendo mais frequente o nível T2 (34,3%). Os NHE menos frequentes foram T4 (0,3%) e C7 (1%). A AC e AND evidenciaram uma média de 18,51o e 19,63o, respectivamente. O AC variou de 1,29o a 54,32o, enquanto o AND variou de 0o a 49o. O ND variou de C5-C6 a T2-T3, sendo C7-T1 o ND mais frequente com 46%. O ND menos frequente foi encontrado nos níveis T2-T3 (1,7%) e C5-C6 (3%). Comparado o AND entre os grupos masculino e feminino, encontramos diferença estatística (p=0,003), sendo maior no grupo masculino. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado os valores da AND entre os grupos etários (p=0,01). Com relação a AC, encontramos diferença estatística entre os grupos dos sexos masculino e feminino (p=0,02), sendo maior no grupo masculino. A comparação do AC entre os grupos de diferentes faixas etárias demonstrou uma diferença estatística (p=0,001). Não houve diferença quando comparados os resultados do NHE entre os grupos masculino e feminino (p=0,3), nem comparando valores de NHE entre as diferentes faixas etárias (p=0,79). O ND e NHE de nossa amostra da população brasileira apresenta valores menores quando comparados à outras amostras populacionais. O ND apresentou diferenças entre os grupos etários, sendo que quanto mais velho o grupo, menor eram os valores. Os nossos resultados evidenciaram que o nível discal mais distal acessível com a realização de abordagem anterior à região cervicotorácica da coluna vertebral, sem a teórica necessidade de uma osteotomia do esterno, apresenta valores menores quando comparados aos dados previamente relatados atribuídos a outras populações. Em outras palavras, este achado pode ser traduzido como se os pacientes envolvidos no estudo apresentassem um menor número de vértebras passíveis de serem abordadas por meio de procedimento cirúrgico anterior sem a realização de osteotomia do esterno. Desta forma, o mesmo raciocínio pode ser aplicado para o nível horizontal em relação ao esterno, pois nossos resultados apresentaram valores mais craniais, comparados aos resultados de estudos prévios. Além disso, o nível discal apresentou diferença quando comparamos os pacientes de diferentes faixas etárias, sendo que, quanto maior a faixa etária, menor foram os valores encontrados. Este achado representa uma migração para cranial do nível discal mais distal, conforme aumentamos a faixa etária dos pacientes estudadosThe cervicothoracic transition comprises the anatomical region including the distal cervical and proximal thoracic vertebrae. While conducting anterior surgical approaches for treatment of conditions that affect the vertebrae in this region, the sternum may represent a mechanical barrier. Thus, various methods of preoperative programming have been proposed to assess the need for osteotomies of the sternum. To date, there are no studies correlating the measures with gender and age. Our study involved a retrospective review of 300 CT examinations. Patients were separated according to gender into two groups and according to age into 3 subgroups. The studied parameters were: horizontal level in relation to the sternum (LHS), vertebral body angle (VA), disc level (DL) and angulation of the disc level (ADL). The LHS ranged from C7 to T4, and T2 was the most frequent (34.3%). The less frequent LHS were T4 (0.3%) and C7 (1%). The AC and ADL showed an average of 18,51o and 19,63o respectively. The VA varied 1,29o the 54,32o, while the ADL varied from 0o to 49o. DL ranged from C5-C6 to T2-T3, being C7-T1 the most frequent (46%). The less frequent DL found were T2-T3 (1.7%) and C5-C6 (3%). Compared the ADL between male and female groups, we found statistically significant difference (p = 0.003), being higher in the male group. There was a statistically significant difference when compared the values of ADL between the groups (p = 0.01). Regarding VA, we found statistically significant differences between male and female groups (p = 0.02), being higher in the male group. Comparison of VA between groups of different age showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). There was no difference when comparing the results of the LHS between male and female groups (p = 0.3), or comparing LHS values between the different age groups (p = 0.79). The DL and LHS in our sample of the population has lower values compared to other population samples. DL differ between age groups, and the older the group, the lower were the figures. Our results show that the most distal disc level accessible from an anterior approach to the cervicothoracic region of the spine, with no theoretical need for a sternal osteotomy, present lower values when compared to previously reported data assigned to other populations. In other words, this finding can be translated as if the enrolled patients presented fewer vertebrae that can be addressed through anterior surgical procedure without performing sternal osteotomy. Thus, the same thought can be applied to the horizontal level in relation to the sternum, since our results showed more cranial values compared to results of previous studies. In addition, the disc level was different when comparing patients of different age groups, and the higher the age, the lower were the values found. This finding represents a migration to the more distal cranial disc level, as we increase the age of the patients
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Voisin, Meghan Dawn. "Sexual dimorphism in the 12th thoracic vertebra and its potential for sex estimation of human skeletal remains." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3991.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the presence/degree of sexual dimorphism of the 12th thoracic vertebra through a quantitative analysis and to further examine its potential and reliability in the sex estimation of human skeletal remains. This study also explores the age-related changes of human skeletal remains and how these affect morphological variation conducive to sex estimation. In order to assess this, the 12th thoracic vertebrae, femur and sacrum of 168 mature skeletal remains (94 males and 74 females) from the Raymond Dart Collection in Johannesburg, South Africa and 407 (205 males and 202 females) mature skeletal remains from the Hamann-Todd Collection in Cleveland, Ohio were analyzed. Only individuals whose group affiliation was designated as “South African Black” from the Raymond Dart Collection and “African American” from the Hamann-Todd Collection were measured. This was done to permit the examination of geographical variance within and between the two samples.
The morphology of the 12th thoracic vertebra was examined by means of univariate and multivariate analyses to better assess each effect. These analyses resulted in relatively high correct classifications of males and females in all samples, with mean measurement values being larger in males in all measurements. While age-related changes have little effect on the high reliability of sex estimation in the African American sample, age-related changes decreases the reliability of sex estimation in the South African sample.
Overall, this study reveals that the 12th thoracic vertebra has potential for use in sex estimation as a result of the skeletal morphological variation between males and females both documented in the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons and the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology.
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Pinto, Inês Isabel Ramos. "Comparison of heart measurements in thoracic radiographs before and after the treatment of pulmonary edema in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease : a retrospective study of 18 clinical cases." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18204.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaThe Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease (DMVD) has the highest prevalence of all canine heart diseases accounting for 75-80% of the cases of dogs with cardiac disease. DMVD is characterized by having an evolutive nature. As the disease progresses the microscopic and macroscopic alterations of the mitral valve’s apparatus become more severe and gradually start preventing the valve’s normal function. One of the complications that may occur is the development of pulmonary edema. Overt pulmonary edema occurs when the capacity of the pulmonary lymphatic system is exceeded, leading to an increase in the extravascular water content of the lungs. The etiology and consequently the cure for DMVD are not currently known, hence the importance of understanding and developing tools that allow the monitoring of the disease. Even though the best way to assess and confirm the diagnosis of DMVD is through echocardiography, this exam requires additional expertise to be performed and interpreted, as well as substantial financial costs to the owner. Simultaneously, radiography of the thorax is widely available and cost-effective, which justifies the interest in studying the evolution of the radiographic measures Vertebral Heart Score (VHS) and Vertebral Left Atrium Size (VLAS) in dogs with DMVD. This retrospective study aims to compare heart measurements in thoracic radiographs before and after the treatment of pulmonary edema in 18 dogs with DMVD that were submitted to consultation in a french veterinary referral center. The main conclusion of this study is that the size of the left atrium and the cardiac silhouette decreases after the resolution of cardiogenic pulmonary edema when compared to the dimensions during its occurrence. Furthermore, this decrease in the left atrium’s size is detectable using the VLAS method, which confirms its value in monitoring the progression of the disease. Consequently, it is possible for those who do not have access to an echocardiographic exam, to use the VLAS method to follow the evolution of the left atrium’s size throughout the progression of DMVD. It was also verified that VLAS measurements have a positive correlation with echocardiographic measures of the left atrium, implying that when one increases the other does so as well, and vice-versa.
RESUMO - Comparação de medições cardíacas em radiografias torácicas antes e depois do tratamento de edema pulmonar em animais com Doença Degenerativa da Válvula Mitral: um estudo retrospetivo de 18 casos clínicos - A Doença Degenerativa da Válvula Mitral (DDVM) tem a prevalência mais alta de todas as doenças cardíacas caninas, representando 75-80% dos casos destes doentes. A DDVM é caracterizada pela sua natureza evolutiva. Assim à medida que a doença progride, as alterações microscópicas e macroscópicas da válvula mitral tornam-se mais graves e começam gradualmente a impedir o seu normal funcionamento. Uma das complicações que pode ocorrer é o desenvolvimento de edema pulmonar que sucede quando a capacidade do sistema linfático do pulmão é excedida, levando, por isso, à acumulação de conteúdo aquoso no compartimento extravascular dos mesmos. A etiologia e consequentemente a cura da DDVM não são atualmente conhecidas, dai a importância em perceber e desenvolver ferramentas que permitam a monitorização da doença. Embora a melhor maneira de determinar e confirmar o diagnóstico de DDVM seja através de uma ecocardiografia, este exame de diagnóstico representa um investimento para o proprietário, necessita de material caro e exige um nível de competência mais elevado para o realizar e interpretar. Simultaneamente, a realização de radiografias do tórax é uma técnica amplamente disponível e económica, o que justifica o interesse em estudar a evolução das medidas radiográficas Vertebral Heart Score (VHS) e Vertebral Left Atrium Size (VLAS) em cães com DDVM. O objetivo deste estudo retrospetivo prende-se com a comparação de medidas cardíacas, em radiografias da cavidade torácica, antes e depois do tratamento de edema pulmonar em 18 cães com DDVM que foram apresentados em consulta num centro hospitalar veterinário de referência francês. A principal conclusão deste estudo indica que o tamanho do átrio esquerdo e da silhueta cardíaca diminui depois da resolução do edema pulmonar de origem cardíaca, quando comparado com as dimensões durante a sua ocorrência. Adicionalmente, esta diminuição de tamanho do átrio esquerdo é detetável utilizando o método VLAS, o que confirma o seu valor na monitorização da progressão da doença. Consequentemente, é possível para aqueles que não têm acesso a um exame ecocardiográfico, utilizarem o método VLAS para seguir a evolução do tamanho do átrio esquerdo durante a progressão da DDVM. Também se verificou que as medições VLAS têm uma correlação positiva com as medidas ecocardiográficas do átrio esquerdo, o que implica que quando uma medida aumenta a outra aumenta também, e vice-versa.
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Books on the topic "Thoracic vertebrae"
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K, Ferguson Mark, ed. General thoracic surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 2002.
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C, Benzel Edward, and Stillerman Charles B, eds. The thoracic spine. St. Louis, Mo: Quality Medical Pub., 1999.
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D, Boden Scott, and Bohlman H, eds. The failed spine. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
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R, Vaccaro Alexander, ed. Fractures of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. New York: M. Dekker, 2003.
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Grant, Ruth, M. App. Sc., ed. Physical therapy of the cervical and thoracic spine. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.
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Grant, Ruth, M. App. Sc., ed. Physical therapy of the cervical and thoracic spine. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994.
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1938-, Tarlov Edward, and AANS Publications Committee., eds. Neurosurgical treatment of disorders of the thoracic spine. Park Ridge, Ill: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1991.
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Yizhar, Floman, Farcy Jean-Pierre C, and Argenson Claude, eds. Thoracolumbar spine fractures. New York: Raven Press, 1993.
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1927-, Blaisdell F. William, and Trunkey Donald D, eds. Cervicothoracic trauma. New York: Thieme, 1986.
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1927-, Blaisdell F. William, and Trunkey Donald D, eds. Cervicothoracic trauma. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Thoracic vertebrae"
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Bab, Itai, Carmit Hajbi-Yonissi, Yankel Gabet, and Ralph Müller. "Thoracic Vertebrae." In Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton, 67–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39258-5_4.
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Latimer, Bruce, and Carol V. Ward. "The Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae." In The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton, 266–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10382-1_12.
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Forsberg, Daniel. "Atlas-Based Segmentation of the Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae." In Recent Advances in Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging, 215–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14148-0_18.
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Forsberg, Daniel. "Atlas-Based Registration for Accurate Segmentation of Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae in CT Data." In Recent Advances in Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging, 49–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14148-0_5.
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Węgrzyn, Weronika, Monika Pierzchała, Paulina Bałon, Robert Paweł Banyś, and Adam Piórkowski. "Assessment of Correlations Between Age and Textural Features of CT Images of Thoracic Vertebrae." In Progress in Image Processing, Pattern Recognition and Communication Systems, 107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81523-3_10.
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Di Angelo, Luca, Paolo Di Stefano, and Emanuele Guardiani. "The Morphological and Geometrical Segmentation of Human Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae: An Automatic Computer-Based Method." In Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing IV, 306–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15928-2_27.
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Pointillart, V., and M. Pedram. "Posterior thoracic and lumbar approach." In Vertebral metastases, 183–93. Paris: Springer Paris, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0757-7_23.
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Pointillart, V., and A. G. Suarez. "Anterior approaches to the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine." In Vertebral metastases, 166–69. Paris: Springer Paris, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0757-7_21.
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Peng, Zhigang, and Yingze Zhang. "Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Fractures." In Differential Diagnosis of Fracture, 667–704. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8339-7_15.
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Mangione, P. "Treatment of thoracic vertebral metastases by thoracoscopy: Technique and results." In Vertebral metastases, 170–82. Paris: Springer Paris, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0757-7_22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Thoracic vertebrae"
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Truman, Mari S., Lisa A. Ferrara, Ryan Milks, Illya Gordon, and Jason Eckhardt. "Acute Thoracic Vertebral Injury Thresholds." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62178.
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This study measures select static and dynamic characteristics of the human mid-thoracic spine, and compares them to previously published data for the thoraco-lumbar and cervical regions. Little information is available on the acute injury threshold for mid-thoracic intervertebral discs. The aim of this study was to characterize injury thresholds for the thoracic spine. Non-destructive combined flexion-compression loading experiments were conducted on 5 fresh human T5-T10 functional spinal units (FSU) at quasi-static and physiologic strain rates, and the resulting load-deflection responses were converted into global and local stiffness. Subsequently, 29 thoracic vertebrae (T5-T10) from 6 spines were subjected to moderate to severe impact loading in flexion. The peak forces and pressures were not statistically different between the thoracic disc levels. However, the mean injury forces and pressures were statistically different from mean failure forces found in the literature for both the lumbar and cervical spine regions, with the thoracic values falling between the cervical and lumbar values.
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Stemper, Brian D., Narayan Yoganandan, Jamie L. Baisden, Frank A. Pintar, and Barry S. Shender. "Rate-Dependent Failure Characteristics of Thoraco-Lumbar Vertebrae: Application to the Military Environment." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80139.
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Quantification of lumbar spine vertebral body tolerance to axial compressive loads is important to understand the biomechanics of injury and for the development of safety enhancements. While fracture tolerance for isolated lumbar vertebral bodies has been outlined in multiple experimental studies, compressive rates were generally in the quasi-static range (e.g., 5 mm/min) [1–4]. However, vertebral body fractures most commonly occur under dynamic mechanisms such as falls from height. In the military environment, lumbar fractures were demonstrated following aviator ejection, helicopter crashes, and underbody blast events involving improvised explosive devices. Vertebral body compression during those events is likely to be orders of magnitude greater than quasi-static rates used previously [5]. Due to the loading rate dependence demonstrated for other tissues, including thoracic vertebrae [6], arteries [7], ligaments [8], and isolated spines [9], tolerance limits obtained from quasi-static testing are not likely applicable for the dynamic loading environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify dynamic fracture biomechanics of lumbar vertebrae.
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Liebschner, Michael A. K., Tony M. Keaveny, and William S. Rosenberg. "Effects of Cortical Shell Concavity on Vertebral Body Compressive Properties." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23044.
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Abstract Quantification of the structural role of the vertebral shell and trabecular centrum is essential to determine if the shell should be given equal consideration when predicting the fracture strength. The contribution of the cortical shell and endplate to the stiffness and strength of the vertebral body is not well understood and the literature remains controversial [1–5]. The uncertainty of the mechanistic support of the cortical shell and the role of its geometry is due in part to the difficulty in obtaining physical information about the shell[5]. A study on sheep vertebrae performed by Kasra and Grynpas [6] suggested a negative correlation between failure load and the tangent of the cortical shell curvature measured in the AP and lateral plane. Nevertheless, the structural role of the vertebral shell may be different in human vertebrae due to altered loading situations and different geometry. Another study by Edmonston et al. [7] implied a strong correlation between vertebral bone density and thoracic curvature. No study reported in the literature investigated the effect of the cortical shell concavity of human vertebral bodies on their mechanical properties.
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Wang, Wei, Tian Tian, Likai Song, Mingxin Zhao, and Wei Huang. "A CNN-Based Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib Localization Method." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaica54878.2022.9844649.
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Goel, V. K., H. Kuroki, S. Holekamp, V. Pitka¨nen, S. Rengachary, and N. A. Ebraheim. "Biomechanical Comparison of Two Atlantoaxial Arthrodeses in a Cadaveric Spine Model: Transarticular Screw Fixation Versus Screw and Rod Fixation." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32631.
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The causes of atlantoaxial instability include trauma, tumor, congenital malformation, or rheumatoid arthritis. Commonly available fixation techniques to stabilize the atlantoaxial complex are several posterior wiring procedures (Brooks fusion, Gallie fusion), transarticular screw procedure (Magerl technique), either alone or in combination. Wiring procedures are obviously easier to accomplish however these do not provide sufficient immobilization across the atlantoaxial complex1,3,4. On the other hand, although transarticular screw fixation (TSF) affords a much stiffer atlantoaxial arthrodesis than posterior wiring procedures. However, TSF has some drawbacks; for example the injury of vertebral artery. Furthermore, body habitus (obesity or thoracic kyphosis) may prevent from achieving the low angle needed for correct placement of screws between C1 and C2. Recently, a new technique of screw and rod fixation (SRF) that minimizes the risk of injury to the vertebral artery and allows intraoperative reduction has been reported2,6. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability imparted to the C1 and C2 vertebrae by either TSF or SRF technique in a cadaver model.
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Renz, J., J. Beier, M. Abadier, and M. J. Junqueira. "NSCLC With Neoplastic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression of Thoracic Vertebrae Causing Cauda Equina Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a4183.
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Umale, Sagar, John R. Humm, and Narayan Yoganandan. "Effects of Personal Protective Equipment on Spinal Column Loads From Underbody Blast Loading." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73664.
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Abstract Combat-related spine injuries from improvised explosive devices are attributed to vertical loading transmitted from the seat to the pelvis to the torso and head-neck regions. The presence of personal protective equipment (PPE) adds to the weight of the torso, influencing the load transmission within the vertebral column. In this study, a detailed mid-size male finite element model from the Global Human Body Models Consortium was used to investigate the effect of PPE on spine kinematics, forces, and moments along the vertebral column. The model was positioned on a rigid seat, such that the posture represented an upright seated soldier. Once positioned, the model was updated with PPE. The models, with and without PPE were simulated under two high acceleration vertical loading pulses and the spine accelerations, forces and moments were investigated. The PPE increased the spinal loads, with reduced time to peak. The presence of PPE increased forces in the cervical and thoracic spines up to 14% and 9%, while it decreased the lumbar spine forces up to 7%. PPE increased cervical spine extension moment up to 104%, thoracic spine flexion moment up to 14%, and decreased the lumbar spine flexion moment up to 11%. The increase in thoracic spine compressive forces and flexion moments due to PPE suggest increased risk of injury in compression-flexion, such as anterior or burst fractures of the thoracic vertebrae with or without the distraction of posterior elements/ligaments. Whereas, the PPE may be effective in reducing the injury in lumbar spine, with reduced forces and moments. The pulse variation showed that the seat velocity along with the acceleration influence the spine kinematics and further parametric studies are needed to understand the effectiveness of PPE for varying seat velocities/accelerations. Spinal accelerations peaked earlier with PPE; however, their peak and morphologies were unchanged. This study delineates the kinetics of the spine injury during underbody blast loading and the role of PPE on potential injuries and injury mechanisms based on forces and moments.
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Nadeem, Syed Ahmed, Alejandro P. Comellas, Indranil Guha, Elizabeth A. Regan, Eric A. Hoffman, and Punam K. Saha. "CT-based segmentation of thoracic vertebrae using deep learning and computation of the kyphotic angle." In Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging, edited by Barjor S. Gimi and Andrzej Krol. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2613065.
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Saghbiny, Elie, Saman Vafadar, Antoine Harlé, and Guillaume Morel. "Design of an ex-vivo experimental setup for spine surgery based on in-vivo identification of respiration-induced spine movement." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.43.
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In spine surgery, e.g., pedicle screw placement, patients are in the prone position, anesthetized, and breath using respirators. Respiration-induced spine movements may interfere with the operation. For evaluating spine surgery robotic systems [1] without resorting to in-vivo experi- ments, it is necessary to provide a setup that realistically reproduces the spine movement in a lab. The literature is not very rich in documenting such a movement. Most of the time, only the range of motion of one or two vertebrae is provided. Glossop et al. [2] measured this respiration-induced motion for two human lumbar vertebrae (L3 and L4) to be 1.3 mm using optical markers screwed to the spinous process. The same authors [3] measured the respiration-induced motion, using the same techniques, for three pig lumbar vertebrae (L3-L5) under ventilation that ranged from 0.8-1.1 mm. In a more recent study, Liu et al. [4] measured this motion on different levels of vertebrae – cervical (C1), thoracic (T7), and lumbar spine (L4) – using optical markers placed on the patient’s skin. Mean ± 2SD motions were 1.3 ± 0.7 mm, 2.3 ± 1.6 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.7 mm. In this study, we measure respiration-induced spine movements (T6-L5) in an open-spine surgery on a pig. A mechanical probe mounted on a force-controlled medical robotic arm is used for measurements. Then, we propose an ex-vivo experimental setup that could implement the measured motions to emulate the respiration-induced movement.
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Yeni, Yener N., Do-Gyoon Kim, Roger R. Zauel, Evan M. Johnson, and Dianna D. Cody. "Micro-CT-Based Large Scale Linear Finite Element Models Predict the Strength of Human Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Bodies." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176699.
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Vertebral fractures are among the most common and debilitating fractures. Structural organization of cancellous and cortical bone in a vertebra and their local properties are important factors that determine the strength of a vertebra. Linear finite element models utilizing Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) images have proven useful for predicting vertebral strength and are potentially useful in predicting risk of fracture in a clinical setting [1]. However, the amount of architectural detail in these models is not sufficient for studying trabecular stress and strains, and their relationship with the microscopic structure, which is important for understanding the mechanisms behind vertebral fragility.