Academic literature on the topic 'Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?-1274 Contributions in ontology'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?-1274 Contributions in ontology"

1

Massobrio, Simona Emilia. "Aristotelian matter as understood by St. Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39263.

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The concept of matter as it is treated in the philosophical systems of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus is examined, partly to ascertain the influence which the original Aristotelian concept of matter had on the two medieval thinkers, and partly to determine which of these two thinkers remained more faithful to the original Aristotelian concept. An analysis is carried out of the views of the three philosophers regarding the ontological status of matter; the intelligibility of matter; the issue of the real distinction between matter and form; the role played by matter in individuating composite substances; and its role in defining composite substances and determining their essences. Finally, the views of Aquinas and Scotus regarding the theory of universal hylomorphism and the theory of the plurality of forms are discussed and compared. It is shown that, while most of the Franciscan philosophical tradition up to Scotus's time was far more influenced by Platonist than by Aristotelian principles, Scotus, though a Franciscan, was much closer to Aristotle than to Plato in his views regarding matter. In fact, the few deviations from the original Aristotelian concept found in Scotus's theory can be ascribed to theological concerns. It is argued, furthermore, that Scotus's views on the concept of matter are far closer to the original Aristotelian theory than our analysis shows Aquinas himself to be.
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2

Duby, Steven J. "Divine simplicity : a dogmatic account." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5935.

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This thesis offers a constructive account of the doctrine of divine simplicity in Christian theology. In its methodology, the thesis aims to present this divine perfection as an implicate of the scriptural portrayal of God, to draw upon the insights and conceptual resources of Thomas Aquinas and various Reformed orthodox theologians, and to respond to some objections to divine simplicity. The focus on exegetical elaboration of biblical teaching and the use of Thomas and the Reformed orthodox distinguish this work from a number of recent accounts of God in both systematic theology and analytic philosophy. The case for God's simplicity is made by examining God's singularity, aseity, immutability, infinity, and act of creation in Holy Scripture and then tracing the ways in which these descriptions of God imply that he is (negatively) not composed of parts. Rather, he is (positively) actus purus and really identical with his own essence, existence, and attributes, each of which is identical with the whole being of the triune God considered under some aspect. In light of the constructive work, this study then addresses the three most pressing objections to divine simplicity: (1) that it denigrates God's revelation of his many attributes in the economy; (2) that it eliminates God's freedom in creating the world and acting in history; and (3) that it does not cohere with the doctrine of the Trinity.
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3

Debluë, Romain. "La révélation de l’être." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL073.pdf.

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Pour nous, hommes du XXIe siècle, la question de l’être, et l’ouverture même de l’accès à elle, paraissent bien souvent intégralement en dépendance de la pensée heideggerienne, dont le geste le plus fondamental fut de reconduire l’être à l’horizon de la temporalité, en barrant dès lors l’accès à la double possibilité de fonder la finitude sur l’infini, et le temps sur l’éternité. Peut-on dès lors, aujourd’hui, ouvrir à nouveau un questionnement qui fasse signe vers une dimension infinie et éternelle de l’être en tant que tel ? Peut-on poser sur l’être un regard qui n’évacue pas, d’abord et par principe, la seule possibilité de voir l’étant fini faire signe, de lui-même, en direction de son origine infinie – qu’elle soit immanente ou transcendante ? Cette retrempe du regard, nous croyons pouvoir l’éprouver au contact de deux pensées, qui tiennent chacune une place éminente dans l’histoire de la philosophie occidentale, à savoir celle de Thomas d’Aquin et celle de Hegel. En effet, le thomisme et l’hégélianisme constituent les deux tentatives les plus complètes, avant le double interdit posé par Heidegger, de fonder sur l’être infini la finitude même de l’étant passager ; et au premier chef, bien entendu, la finitude de l’homme qui, chez l’un comme chez l’autre, est destinée par soi à son propre dépassement. En posant en effet la question de la manifestation de l’être, c’est-à-dire des modes de donation possible de l’être à la conscience, tant du côté de l’objet que du sujet, cette étude n’a pas pu faire l’économie d’interroger la possibilité, paradoxale à première vue, pour une pensée finie de s’élever jusqu’à une connaissance de l’Être premier en son infinité. Ainsi a-t-on dû s’attarder au thème hégélien du Savoir absolu, et, en regard, celui, thomiste, de la vision béatifique, qui n’est autre que la vue de l’Ipsum esse tel qu’en lui-même et dans sa propre essence. C’est seulement à ce point d’incandescence le plus haut qu’une conclusion devenait possible, où l’on a tenté de mettre en lumière le sens ultime de l’être selon Thomas d’Aquin et Hegel, tel qu’il s’est donné dans l’accomplissement de sa plus propre manifestation, à partir de lui-même et dans lui-même
To us, people from the 21st century, the question of the being, and in fact the very opening of our access to it, often seem to be intricately linked to Heidegger’s thought, whose most fundamental act was to reconnect the notion of being to that of temporality, thus forbidding any attempt at grounding both finitude on the infinite, and time on eternity. Is it therefore possible today to initiate a new reflexion pointing at an infinite and eternal dimension of the being as such ? Is it possible to look into the being without first refusing, as a matter of principle, the very possibility of seeing the finite being pointing by itself at its own infinite origin – be it an immanent or a transcendant one ? The present paper originates in the belief that this new attempt is indeed possible through a conversation between two particularly eminent systems of thought in the history of western thinking: that of Thomas Aquinas and that of Hegel. Thomism and Hegelianism indeed constituted the two most accomplished attempts, before Heidegger’s double interdiction, at grounding the very finitude of the fleetingness of beings on the infinite being; and first of all, of course, the finitude of man, which according to both thinkers is destined to surpass itself. By raising the question of the revealing of the being, that is to say, of the possible modes of bestowal of the being on our conscience, this paper could not avoid looking into the apparently paradoxical possibility for a finite thinking to raise to a knowledge of the prime Being in all its infinity. Hence the necessity to linger on the hegelian theme of the absolute Knowledge, and, on the other hand, on the thomistic theme of the beatific vision, which is nothing less than the vision of the Ipsum esse as such and in its very essence. Only upon reaching this highest point was it possible to draw a conclusion that would, hopefully, shine a light on the ultimate meaning of the being according to Thomas and Hegel, such as it gave itself in the accomplishment of its very own manifestation from itself and within itself
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4

Ehret, Charles. "Agir en vertu d'un autre : Thomas d'Aquin et l'ontologie de l'instrument." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H219.

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Le présent travail est une analyse du concept d’instrument qui en fait apparaître les exigences théoriques et demande si et dans quelle mesure le système de Thomas d’Aquin les remplit. D’abord, on montre que la notion d’instrument telle que Thomas la définit en général et conformément à l’aristotélisme dont il hérite — à savoir, comme un «moteur mû» — est contradictoire, dans la mesure où rien, d’après Thomas, ne peut être à la fois moteur et mû selon le même mouvement. Ensuite, on montre que la notion d’instrument telle que Thomas la redéfinit dans le contexte restreint de sa théologie sacramentelle — à savoir, comme ce qui «agit en vertu d’un autre» — échappe à cette contradiction, même si elle est, à son tour, problématique, parce qu’elle implique qu’un même pouvoir (virtus) transite de l’agent principal à l’instrument. Il faut étudier le modèle auquel Thomas renvoie — à savoir, l’être intentionnel des espèces sensibles — pour répondre à ce problème : il s’agit alors de montrer comment l’apparence peut être conçue comme une propriété en transit numériquement identique en plusieurs sujets (la chose, le milieu, le percepteur). Enfin, on justifie l’application de ce modèle au pouvoir instrumental grâce à deux thèses centrales de l’ontologie thomasienne des pouvoirs — à savoir, qu’ils sont distincts de la forme substantielle et qu’ils en fluent — qui reviennent à accorder au pouvoir, comme tel, le même statut ontologique qu’à l’espèce sensible, c’est-à-dire un être intentionnel (esse intentionale). On en conclut que ce qui fonde, en définitive, la causalité instrumentale, ce n’est pas tant la physique d’Aristote que l’ontologie des pouvoirs de Thomas
The aim of this study is to offer a better understanding of instrumental causation in Aquinas. It starts by calling into question the idea that an instrument is a « moved mover ». Behind this apparently innocuous phrase lurks a contradiction, for, as Aquinas states, it is impossible for something to both be a mover and be moved according to the same motion. Having argued that this contradiction may not be satisfyingly solved, an alternate definition is suggested, according to which an instrument acts "in virtue of another". Indeed, according to Aquinas’s sacramental theology, an instrument acts insofar as it contains a certain power (virtus). This power isn’t its own, but the individual property of something else, namely the principal cause. The question here is to account for what seems to be a transferable trope: an individual power present both in the principal and in the instrumental cause. Aquinas does this by comparing the power in the instrument to the species of color in the air. We follow this cue. First, by understanding how a sensible species may be understood as numerically identical across different subjects, namely the sensible object, the medium and the perceiver. Second, by turning to Aquinas’s thesis that powers are distinct and flow from a thing’s substantial form. This, it is argued, amounts to granting powers the same ontological status as sensible species, namely intentional being (esse intentionale). The study concludes that it is not Aristotelian physics but Aquinas’s metaphysics of powers that ultimately grounds instrumental causation
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5

Decaix, Véronique. "Le mode d'être des objets intentionnels : une étude du rôle constituant de l'intellect chez Thierry de Freiberg." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2028/document.

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Cette thèse traite de la doctrine catégorielle, de l’ontologie et de la théorie de la connaissance de Dietrich de Freiberg dans le De origine rerum praedicamentalium. L’enjeu principal est d’étudier la fonction constitutive que l’intellect opère sur catégories et sur l’étant en tant que tel. La première partie replace le traité dans le contexte historique des débats à l’université de Paris à la fin du XIIIe siècle touchant au statut des catégories et à la manière d’ordonner les genres réels de l’étant. Elle confronte la dérivation essentielle des prédicaments chez Dietrich aux modèles de systématisation élaborées par ses prédécesseurs, tels qu’Albert le Grand, Thomas d’Aquin, Henri de Gand. La deuxième partie s’attache aux objets constitués par l’intellect : l’Un comme principe du nombre et de la division, la relation et le temps. La dernière partie enquête la modalité sur laquelle l’intellect opère cette activité sur l’étant et montre en définitive que le sujet de la métaphysique, l’être quiditatif des étants, se situe à la croisée de la logique et du réel
This thesis deals with Dietrich of Freiberg’s doctrine of categories, ontology and theory of knowledge, as present in the treatise De origine rerum praedicamentalium. The primary aim is to examine the constitutive function the intellect exercises on the categories and being as being. The first part of this thesis replaces the treatise in the historical background of the late 13th century debates from the University of Paris regarding the nature of categories and the manner of organizing the real genera of being. It compares Dietrich’s deduction of the categories with the systematization of some of his predecessors such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas and Henry of Ghent. The second part of the thesis deals with the objects caused by the intellect: the One as principle of number and division, relation and time. The last part investigates the manner in which the intellect exercises its constitutive power on being and demonstrates in the final analysis that the subject of metaphysics, the quiditative being of things, is placed at the intersection of logic and reality
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Books on the topic "Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, 1225?-1274 Contributions in ontology"

1

Aquinas on being. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.

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Accidental being: A study in the metaphysics of St. Thomas Aquinas. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985.

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Dynamic transcendentals: Truth, goodness, and beauty from a Thomistic perspective. Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America Press, 2012.

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The metaphysics of being of St. Thomas Aquinas in a historical perspective. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993.

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Person and being. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1993.

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Bauloye, Laurence. La question de l'essence: Averroès et Thomas d'Aquin, commentateurs d'Aristote, métaphysique Z1. Louvain-La-Neuve: Peeters, 1997.

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Aquinas: Moral, political, and legal theory. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Being and predication: Thomistic interpretations. Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America Press, 1986.

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Vom Seienden als solchen zum Sinn des Seins: Die Transzendentalienlehre bei Edith Stein und Thomas von Aquin. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.

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Sheer joy: Conversations with Thomas Aquinas on creation spirituality. [San Francisco, Calif.]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

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