To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Thionolactones.

Journal articles on the topic 'Thionolactones'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Thionolactones.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Chayajarus, Kampanart, and Antony J. Fairbanks. "Efficient synthesis of carbohydrate thionolactones." Tetrahedron Letters 47, no. 21 (May 2006): 3517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.104.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Iwasa, Seiji, Makoto Yamamoto, Shigeo Kohmoto, and Kazutoshi Yamada. "Synthesis of thionolactones from homoallylic xanthates." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 5 (1991): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19910001173.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wang, Wendong, Pornpun Rattananakin, and Peter G. Goekjian. "Synthesis of N‐Glycoside Analogs via Thionolactones." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 22, no. 7-8 (December 31, 2003): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/car-120026472.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

IWASA, S., M. YAMAMOTO, S. KOHMOTO, and K. YAMADA. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thionolactones from Homoallylic Xanthates." ChemInform 22, no. 33 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199133165.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wilkinson, Brendan L., and Antony J. Fairbanks. "One-pot synthesis of carbohydrate thionolactones from 1-thiosugars." Tetrahedron Letters 49, no. 33 (August 2008): 4941–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.145.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bringmann, Gerhard, Andreas Wuzik, Jörg Kümmel, and Wolfdieter A. Schenk. "Atropo-Enantioselective Ring Cleavage of Lewis Acid Modified Biaryl Thionolactones†,‡." Organometallics 20, no. 8 (April 2001): 1692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om001040e.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Milewska, Maria J., Maria Gdaniec, and Tadeusz Poloński. "Synthesis, stereochemistry, and chiroptical spectra of cyclopropyl lactones and thionolactones." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 7, no. 11 (November 1996): 3169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4166(96)00419-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lee, Hyeon Kyu, Jia Kim, and Chwang Siek Pak. "Reaction of thionolactones with zinc enolate: new synthesis of vinylogous carbonates." Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 34 (August 1999): 6267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01231-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Filippi, Jean-Jacques, Xavier Fernandez, and Elisabet Duñach. "Lewis acid-catalysed isomerisation of thionolactones to thiolactones: inversion of configuration." Tetrahedron Letters 47, no. 34 (August 2006): 6067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.104.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Beck, Thomas, and Armin Mosandl. "γ(δ)-Thionolactones - Enantioselective Capillary GC and Sensory Characteristics of Enantiomers." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 22, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990201)22:2<89::aid-jhrc89>3.0.co;2-e.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Jang, Doo Ok, and Seong Ho Song. "ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Hydride Catalyzed Radical Desulfurization of Thionoesters and Thionolactones." ChemInform 31, no. 40 (October 3, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200040050.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Nicolaou, K. C., D. G. McGarry, P. K. Somers, B. H. Kim, W. W. Ogilvie, G. Yiannikouros, C. V. C. Prasad, C. A. Veale, and R. R. Hark. "Synthesis of medium-sized ring ethers from thionolactones. Applications to polyether synthesis." Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 17 (August 1990): 6263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00173a013.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Nicolaou, Kyriacos C., Mitsunobu Sato, Emmanuel A. Theodorakis, and Neil D. Miller. "Conversion of thionoesters and thionolactones to ethers; a general and efficient radical desulfurisation." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 15 (1995): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39950001583.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Lee, Hyeon Kyu, Jia Kim, and Chwang Siek Pak. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Thionolactones with Zinc Enolate: New Synthesis of Vinylogous Carbonates." ChemInform 30, no. 45 (June 12, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199945081.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Jang, Doo Ok, Seong Ho Song, and Dae Hyan Cho. "Conversion of esters and lactones to ethers via thionoesters and thionolactones using reductive radical desulfurization." Tetrahedron 55, no. 11 (March 1999): 3479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(98)01156-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

NICOLAOU, K. C., M. SATO, E. A. THEODORAKIS, and N. D. MILLER. "ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Thionoesters and Thionolactones to Ethers; a General and Efficient Radical Desulfurization." ChemInform 26, no. 49 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199549062.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Huang, Ya-Qing, Xiong-Zhi Huang, and Pei-Qiang Huang. "Synthesis of 5-(1-Alkoxyalkylidene)tetronates by Direct Condensation Reactions of Tetronates with Thionolactones and Thionoesters." Journal of Organic Chemistry 86, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 2359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02502.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Yuan, Pengjun, Yangyang Sun, Xiaowei Xu, Yi Luo, and Miao Hong. "Towards high-performance sustainable polymers via isomerization-driven irreversible ring-opening polymerization of five-membered thionolactones." Nature Chemistry 14, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00817-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Nicolaou, K. C., D. G. McGarry, P. K. Somers, C. A. Veale, and G. T. Furst. "Nucleophilic additions to thionolactones. New synthetic technology for the construction of medium and large ring ethers." Journal of the American Chemical Society 109, no. 8 (April 1987): 2504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00242a041.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Schenk, W. A., T. Beucke, J. Kummel, F. Servatius, N. Sonnhalter, G. Bringmann, and A. Wuzik. "ChemInform Abstract: Stereo- and Enantioselective Reactions of Thioaldehydes, Thioketones, Thioketenes, and Thionolactones Mediated by Ruthenium Complexes." ChemInform 33, no. 15 (May 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200215276.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

MILEWSKA, M. J., M. GDANIEC, and T. POLONSKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Chiroptical Spectra of Cyclopropyl Lactones (cf. (V)) and Thionolactones (cf. (VI))." ChemInform 28, no. 12 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199712098.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Zaorska, Ewelina, Marta Gawryś-Kopczyńska, Ryszard Ostaszewski, Marcin Ufnal, and Dominik Koszelewski. "Evaluation of thionolactones as a new type of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors for a blood pressure regulation." Bioorganic Chemistry 108 (March 2021): 104650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104650.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Bachi, Mario D., and Eric Bosch. "Free radical cyclization of thionocarbonic acid derivatives of 4-phenyl-3-butenol. A new route to thionolactones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 6 (March 1989): 1234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00267a002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Jang, Doo Ok, Seong Ho Song, and Dae Hyan Cho. "ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Esters and Lactones to Ethers via Thionoesters and Thionolactones Using Reductive Radical Desulfurization." ChemInform 30, no. 30 (June 14, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199930065.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Bingham, Nathaniel M., and Peter J. Roth. "Degradable vinyl copolymers through thiocarbonyl addition–ring-opening (TARO) polymerization." Chemical Communications 55, no. 1 (2019): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08287a.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Schenk, Wolfdieter A., Jörg Kümmel, Irene Reuther, Nicolai Burzlaff, Andreas Wuzik, Olaf Schupp, and Gerhard Bringmann. "Enantioselective Organic Syntheses Using Chiral Transition Metal Complexes, 9 Atropo-Diastereoselective Ring Opening of Biaryl Thionolactones Using [CpRu{(S,S)-CHIRAPHOS}]+ as a Chiral Auxiliary." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 1999, no. 10 (October 1999): 1745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199910)1999:10<1745::aid-ejic1745>3.0.co;2-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Takano, Seiichi, Shun’ichi Tomita, Michiyasu Takahashi, and Kunio Ogasawara. "Thionolactone Claisen Rearrangement." Chemistry Letters 16, no. 7 (July 5, 1987): 1379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1987.1379.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Stojanović, Marija, Ljiljana Šćepanović, Olivera Bosnić, Dušan Mitrović, Olga Jozanov-Stankov, Vuk Šćepanović, Radomir Šćepanović, Teja Stojanović, Slobodan Ilić, and Dragan Djurić. "Effects of Acute Administration of D,L-Homocysteine Thiolactone on the Antioxidative Status of Rat Intestine and Liver." Acta Veterinaria 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0002.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractOxidative stress appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Increased homocysteine levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of homocysteine on the antioxidant status of rat intestine and liver. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), activity of catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were investigated in the isolated gut and liver of young male rats in the control group (8 rats) and after 3-hоur incubation in high doses of D, L-homocysteine thionolactone (Hcy) (10 μmol/L) (8 rats). Samples of duodenum, ileum, colon and liver were homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer (1:10). Homogenates were centrifuged at 10000 for 10 min at 4° C and the supernatant was taken for biochemical assays. Our results showed that high D, L-homocysteine thionolactone concentration reduced enzymatic catalase activity in homogenates of the isolated segments of duodenum (27.04%) p<0.01; ileum (37.27%), colon (34.17%) and liver (67.46%) p<0.001. Exposition to high D,L-homocysteine thiolactone concentration significantly increased TBARS levels in the duodenum (106.05%), ileum (47.24%), colon (112.75%) and liver (32.07%) (p<0.01). Homocysteine also modifi ed the total antioxidant status of homogenates from the duodenum, ileum, colon and liver, increasing by 20.68% (duodenum), 24.74% (ileum), 14.88% (colon) and 19.35% (liver) (p<0.001). Homocysteine induced a consistent oxidative stress in rat’s intestine and liver (reduced activity of catalase and increased level of TBARS), but the elevated activity of TAS in our experiments could be explained as an adaptive response to the generated free radicals which indicates the failure of the total antioxidant defense mechanism to protect the tissues from damage caused by homocysteine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Bringmann, G., B. Schöner, O. Schupp, W. A. Schenk, I. Reuther, K. Peters, E. M. Peters, and H. G. von Schnering. "Synthesis and ring-opening reactions of cationic ruthenium biaryl thionolactone complexes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 472, no. 1-2 (June 1994): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(94)80213-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Iwasa, Seiji, Makoto Yamamoto, Shigeo Kohmoto, and Kazutoshi Yamada. "Tandem radical cyclization of acyclic homoallylic xanthates: cyclopentannulated .gamma.-thionolactone and .gamma.-lactones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 56, no. 8 (April 1991): 2849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a048.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

IWASA, S., M. YAMAMOTO, S. KOHMOTO, and K. YAMADA. "ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Radical Cyclization of Acyclic Homoallylic Xanthates: Cyclopentannulated γ-Thionolactone and γ-Lactones." ChemInform 22, no. 41 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199141137.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Peters, Karl, Eva-Maria Peters, Gerhard Bringmann, and Olaf Schupp. "Notizen:1,3-Dimethoxy-6H- benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]pyran-6-thione, a Thionolactone-Bridged Axially Prostereogenic Biaryl." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0320.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The title compound was prepared from the cor­responding “ordinary” oxolactone bridged biaryl using Lawesson’s reagent. It crystallizes from dichloromethane / petroleum ether in the mono­clinic system, space group P21/a; a = 1115.7(2),b = 1383.9(2), c = 1042.0(1) pm and β = 106.67(1)°.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Bringmann, Gerhard, Andreas Wuzik, Olaf Schupp, Karl Peters, and Eva-Maria Peters. "1,3-Di-terf-butyl-6H-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]pyran-6-thione, a Severely Helically Distorted Thionolactone-Bridged Biaryl." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0310.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The title compound 2c, a potentially useful synthetic intermediate in stereoselective biaryl synthesis, has been prepared from the oxolactone 1c, by treatment with Lawesson′s reagent. An X-ray structure analysis reveals its strongly helically distorted structure, the overall molecular distortion even slightly exceeding that of the corresponding oxo compound 1c.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

BRINGMANN, G., A. WUZIK, O. SCHUPP, K. PETERS, and E. M. PETERS. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Concepts in Direct Biaryl Synthesis. Part 60. 1,3-Di-tert-butyl- 6H-benzo(b)naphtho(1,2-d)pyran-6-thione, a Severely Helically Distorted Thionolactone-Bridged Biaryl." ChemInform 28, no. 35 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199735150.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Chayajarus, Kampanart, and Antony J. Fairbanks. "Efficient Synthesis of Carbohydrate Thionolactones." ChemInform 37, no. 35 (August 29, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200635209.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Ivanchenko, Oleksandr, Stéphane Mazières, Rinaldo Poli, Simon Harrisson, and Mathias Destarac. "Ring size-reactivity relationship in radical ring-opening copolymerisation of thionolactones with vinyl pivalate." Polymer Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2py01153k.

Full text
Abstract:
The radical ring-opening copolymerisation (rROcoP) of unsubstituted thionolactones of different ring sizes, namely γ-thionobutyrolactone (TBL), δ-thionovalerolactone (TVL), ε-thionocaprolactone (TCL) and ω-thionopentadecalactone (TPDL), with vinyl pivalate has been mechanistically investigated. The...
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Wang, Wendong, Pornpun Rattananakin, and Peter G. Goekjian. "Synthesis of N-Glycoside Analogues via Thionolactones." ChemInform 35, no. 14 (April 6, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200414226.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

"Organotin Hydride Catalyzed Radical Desulfurization of Thionoesters and Thionolactones." Synlett 2000, no. 06 (2000): 0811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-6723.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Wilkinson, Brendan L., and Antony J. Fairbanks. "ChemInform Abstract: One-Pot Synthesis of Carbohydrate Thionolactones from 1-Thiosugars." ChemInform 39, no. 47 (November 18, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200847198.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Filippi, Jean-Jacques, Xavier Fernandez, and Elisabet Dunach. "Lewis Acid Catalyzed Isomerization of Thionolactones to Thiolactones: Inversion of Configuration." ChemInform 37, no. 48 (November 28, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200648125.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Kalana, U. L. D. Inush, Partha P. Datta, Rukshika S. Hewawasam, Elizabeth T. Kiesewetter, and Matthew K. Kiesewetter. "Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of thionolactones: anything O can do, S can do better." Polymer Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01393e.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

NICOLAOU, K. C., D. G. MCGARRY, P. K. SOMERS, B. H. KIM, W. W. OGILVIE, G. YIANNIKOUROS, C. V. C. PRASAD, C. A. VEALE, and R. R. HARK. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Medium-Sized Ring Ethers from Thionolactones. Applications to Polyether Synthesis." ChemInform 21, no. 49 (December 4, 1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199049319.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Ivanchenko, Oleksandr, Stéphane Mazières, Simon Harrisson, and Mathias Destarac. "On-Demand Degradation of Thioester/Thioketal Functions in Vinyl Pivalate-Derived Copolymers with Thionolactones." Macromolecules, June 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00312.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Rix, Matthew F. I., Kyle Collins, Samuel J. Higgs, Eleanor M. Dodd, Simon J. Coles, Nathaniel M. Bingham, and Peter J. Roth. "Insertion of Degradable Thioester Linkages into Styrene and Methacrylate Polymers: Insights into the Reactivity of Thionolactones." Macromolecules, November 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01811.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

NICOLAOU, K. C., D. G. MCGARRY, P. K. SOMERS, C. A. VEALE, and G. T. FURST. "ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Additions to Thionolactones. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Medium- and Large-Ring Ethers." ChemInform 18, no. 35 (September 1, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198735251.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

BACHI, M. D., and E. BOSCH. "ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Cyclization of Thionocarbonic Acid Derivatives of 4-Phenyl-3-butenol. A New Route to Thionolactones." ChemInform 20, no. 35 (August 29, 1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198935184.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Prebihalo, Emily A., Anna M. Luke, Yernaidu Reddi, Christopher J. LaSalle, Vijay M. Shah, Christopher J. Cramer, and Theresa M. Reineke. "Radical ring-opening polymerization of sustainably-derived thionoisochromanone." Chemical Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sc06040j.

Full text
Abstract:
We demonstrate computational insight and radical ring opening polymerization of a fungi-derived thionolactone, thionoisochromanone (TIC), to create homo-, block-, and statistical copolymers under entirely free radical conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

TAKANO, S., S. TOMITA, M. TAKAHASHI, and K. OGASAWARA. "ChemInform Abstract: Thionolactone Claisen Rearrangement." ChemInform 19, no. 5 (February 2, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198805164.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Elliss, Harry, Frances Dawson, Qamar un Nisa, Nathaniel M. Bingham, Peter J. Roth, and Maciej Kopeć. "Fully Degradable Polyacrylate Networks from Conventional Radical Polymerization Enabled by Thionolactone Addition." Macromolecules, July 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01140.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Lages, Maëlle, Noémie Gil, Paul Galanopoulo, Julie Mougin, Catherine Lefay, Yohann Guillaneuf, Muriel Lansalot, Franck D’Agosto, and Julien Nicolas. "Degradable Latexes by Nitroxide-mediated Aqueous Seeded Emulsion Copolymerization Using a Thionolactone." Macromolecules, September 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography