Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thiol binding'
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Tong, Grace C. "Characterization of Cys-34 in serum albumin." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5fnum=osu1061473878.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 325 p.; also contains graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Gary E. Means, Dept. of Biochemistry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-225).
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Rossato, Mateus Fortes. "Eriodictiol: um flavonóide antagonista do receptor trpv1 com atividade antioxidante." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11134.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a calcium permeable channel responsible for the transduction and modulation of acute and chronic pain signaling, being a potential target for treatment of different pain disorders. In spite of that, AMG517, a TRPV1 antagonist, presents several clinical limitations, such as the development of severe hypertermia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible interaction of the flavonoid eriodictyol with the TRPV1 receptor and its putative antinociceptive and hyperthermic effect. Eriodictyol was able to displace the [3H]-resiniferatoxin binding (IC50 = 47 (21 - 119) nM) and to inhibit the calcium influx mediated by capsaicin (IC50 = 44 (16 125) nM), suggesting that eriodictyol acts as a TRPV1 antagonist. Moreover, eriodictyol induces antinociception in the intraplantar capsaicin test, with maximal effect of 49±10 and 64±4% of inhibition for oral (ED50 = 2 (1-5) mg/kg) and intrathecal (ED50 = 2 (1-3) nmol/site) routes, respectively. Concomitantly, eriodictyol did not induce any alteration on body temperature or locomotor activity. Orally administered eriodictyol (4.5 mg/kg) prevented the nociception induced by intrathecal injection of capsaicin (72±6% of inhibition), the non-protein thiol loss and the 3-nitrotyronise (3-NT) formation induced by capsaicin in spinal cord. Eriodictyol (4.5 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced the thermal hyperalgesia (100% of inhibition) and mechanical allodynia (62±9% of inhibition) elicited by complete Freund s adjuvant (CFA) paw injection. In conclusion, Eriodictyol acts as an antagonist of TRPV1 receptor and an antioxidant, inducing antinociception without some side effects and limitations expected for TRPV1 antagonists, as hyperthermia.
O receptor de potencial transiente vanilóide 1 (TRPV1) é um canal iônico permeável a cátions ativado por uma série de estímulos nocivos, como calor, acidificação e agentes irritantes como a capsaicina. Este receptor é responsável pela detecção e transmissão da dor aguda e crônica. Devido a isso, substâncias que modulem a atividade deste receptor apresentam um potencial clínico para o tratamento da dor. Assim, este trabalho objetiva a possível interação do flavonóide eriodictiol com o receptor TRPV1. Inicialmente, observamos que o eriodictiol foi capaz de deslocar o radioligante [3H]-resiniferatoxina, em ensaio de união específica, do receptor TRPV1 com uma concentração inibitória 50% (IC50) de 46.9 (20.70 - 118.9) nM. Ao mesmo tempo, o eriodictiol também inibiu o influxo de cálcio estimulado por capsaicina com IC50 de 44,4 (15,6 125,1) nM, sugerindo que este aja como um antagonista do receptor. Além disso, também observamos que o eriodictiol induz antinocicepção no teste da capsaicina intraplantar com efeito máximo de 49,0±10.5 e 63,9±4.0 % de inibição máxima para o tratamento oral e intratecal, respectivamente, e com uma dose efetiva 50% (DE50) de 2,4 (1,0 5,5) mg/kg 2,2 (1,6 2,9) nmol/site, respectivamente. Além disso, não observamos alterações na atividade locomotora ou temperatura corporal dos animais. A administração oral de eriodictiol também foi capaz de prevenir a nocicepção induzida por capsaicina intratecal (71,7±5,7 % de inibição). Ao mesmo tempo, o eriodictiol também aboliu a hiperalgesia térmica e reduziu a alodínia mecânica (62,4±9,2 %) induzidas por adjuvante completo de Freund. Da mesma forma, o eriodictiol também preveniu totalmente a diminuição de tiois não protéicos e formação de 3-nitrotirosina (3-NT) espinhais induzidas por capsaicina, ao passo que apresentou atividade antioxidante direta no texto de neutralização do radical ABTS. Em conclusão, nossos resultados mostram que o eriodictiol age como um antagonista do receptor TRPV1, com atividade antioxidante, induzindo antinocicepção sem os efeitos colaterais e limitações esperados para antagonistas do receptor TRPV1.
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Cafe, Peter F. "Towards reliable contacts of molecular electronic devices to gold electrodes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3870.
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SYNOPSIS OF THIS THESIS The aim of this thesis is to more fully understand and explain the binding mechanism of organic molecules to the Au(111) surface and to explore the conduction of such molecules. It consists of five discreet chapters connected to each other by the central theme of “The Single Molecule Device: Conductance and Binding”. There is a deliberate concentration on azine linkers, in particular those with a 1,10-phenanthroline-type bidentate configuration at each end. This linker unit is called a “molecular alligator clip” and is investigated as an alternative to the thiol linker unit more commonly used. Chapter 1 places the work in the broad context of Molecular Electronics and establishes the need for this research. In Chapter 2 the multiple break-junction technique (using a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope or similar device) was used to investigate the conductance of various molecules with azine linkers. A major finding of those experiments is that solvent interactions are a key factor in the conductance signal of particular molecules. Some solvents interfere with the molecule’s interaction with and attachment to the gold electrodes. One indicator of the degree of this interference is the extent of the enhancement or otherwise of the gold quantized conduction peak at 1.0 G0. Below 1.0 G0 a broad range for which the molecule enhances conduction indicates that solvent interactions contribute to a variety of structures which could bridge the electrodes, each with their own specific conductance value. The use of histograms with a Log10 scale for conductance proved useful for observing broad range features. vi Another factor which affects the conductance signal is the geometric alignment of the molecule (or the molecule-solvent structure) to the gold electrode, and the molecular alignment is explored in Chapters 3 for 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) and Chapter 4 for thiols. In Chapter 3 STM images, electrochemistry, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) are used to determine 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) structures on the Au(111) surface. It is established that PHEN binds in two modes, a physisorbed state and a chemisorbed state. The chemisorbed state is more stable and involves the extraction of gold from the bulk to form adatom-PHEN entities which are highly mobile on the gold surface. Surface pitting is viewed as evidential of the formation of the adatom-molecule entities. DFT calculations in this chapter were performed by Ante Bilic and Jeffery Reimers. The conclusions to Chapter 3 implicate the adatom as a binding mode of thiols to gold and this is explored in Chapter 4 by a timely review of nascent research in the field. The adatom motif is identified as the major binding structure for thiol terminated molecules to gold, using the explanation of surface pitting in Chapter 3 as major evidence and substantiated by emergent literature, both experimental and theoretical. Furthermore, the effect of this binding mode on conductance is explored and structures relevant to the break-junction experiment of Chapter 2 are identified and their conductance values compared. Finally, as a result of researching extensive reports of molecular conductance values, and having attempted the same, a simple method for predicting the conductance of single molecules is presented based upon the tunneling conductance formula.
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Cafe, Peter F. "Towards reliable contacts of molecular electronic devices to gold electrodes." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3870.
Full textAbstract:
PhDSYNOPSIS OF THIS THESIS The aim of this thesis is to more fully understand and explain the binding mechanism of organic molecules to the Au(111) surface and to explore the conduction of such molecules. It consists of five discreet chapters connected to each other by the central theme of “The Single Molecule Device: Conductance and Binding”. There is a deliberate concentration on azine linkers, in particular those with a 1,10-phenanthroline-type bidentate configuration at each end. This linker unit is called a “molecular alligator clip” and is investigated as an alternative to the thiol linker unit more commonly used. Chapter 1 places the work in the broad context of Molecular Electronics and establishes the need for this research. In Chapter 2 the multiple break-junction technique (using a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope or similar device) was used to investigate the conductance of various molecules with azine linkers. A major finding of those experiments is that solvent interactions are a key factor in the conductance signal of particular molecules. Some solvents interfere with the molecule’s interaction with and attachment to the gold electrodes. One indicator of the degree of this interference is the extent of the enhancement or otherwise of the gold quantized conduction peak at 1.0 G0. Below 1.0 G0 a broad range for which the molecule enhances conduction indicates that solvent interactions contribute to a variety of structures which could bridge the electrodes, each with their own specific conductance value. The use of histograms with a Log10 scale for conductance proved useful for observing broad range features. vi Another factor which affects the conductance signal is the geometric alignment of the molecule (or the molecule-solvent structure) to the gold electrode, and the molecular alignment is explored in Chapters 3 for 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) and Chapter 4 for thiols. In Chapter 3 STM images, electrochemistry, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) are used to determine 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) structures on the Au(111) surface. It is established that PHEN binds in two modes, a physisorbed state and a chemisorbed state. The chemisorbed state is more stable and involves the extraction of gold from the bulk to form adatom-PHEN entities which are highly mobile on the gold surface. Surface pitting is viewed as evidential of the formation of the adatom-molecule entities. DFT calculations in this chapter were performed by Ante Bilic and Jeffery Reimers. The conclusions to Chapter 3 implicate the adatom as a binding mode of thiols to gold and this is explored in Chapter 4 by a timely review of nascent research in the field. The adatom motif is identified as the major binding structure for thiol terminated molecules to gold, using the explanation of surface pitting in Chapter 3 as major evidence and substantiated by emergent literature, both experimental and theoretical. Furthermore, the effect of this binding mode on conductance is explored and structures relevant to the break-junction experiment of Chapter 2 are identified and their conductance values compared. Finally, as a result of researching extensive reports of molecular conductance values, and having attempted the same, a simple method for predicting the conductance of single molecules is presented based upon the tunneling conductance formula.
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Bernhard, Max [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel, and Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] Laube. "Binding Proteins and Receptor Binding Domains as Sensor Elements for Biological and Artificial Nanopores / Max Bernhard ; Gerhard Thiel, Bodo Laube." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236344782/34.
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Ströh, Luisa Johanna [Verfasser], and Thilo [Akademischer Betreuer] Stehle. "Structural Analysis and Glycan Receptor Binding Specificities of Human Polyomaviruses / Luisa Johanna Ströh ; Betreuer: Thilo Stehle." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/119946306X/34.
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Schönrock, Michael [Verfasser], Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] Laube, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel. "Modular design of ionotropic glutamate receptors: Coupling of a viral K+-channel with a glutamate-binding domain / Michael Schönrock ; Bodo Laube, Gerhard Thiel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182537499/34.
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Yang, Chao. "Syntheses and Bioactivities of Targeted and Conformationally Restrained Paclitaxel and Discodermolide Analogs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28942.
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Paclitaxel was isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia in the late 1960s. It exerts its biological effect by promoting tubulin polymerization and stabilizing the resulting microtubules. Paclitaxel has become one of the most important current drugs for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers.
Studies aimed at understanding the biologically active conformation of paclitaxel bound on β–tubulin are described. In this work, the synthesis of isotopically labeled taxol analogs is described and the REDOR studies of this compound complexed to tubulin agrees with the hypothesis that palictaxel adopts T-taxol conformation. Based on T-taxol conformation, macrocyclic analogs of taxol have been prepared and their biological activities were evaluated. The results show a direct evidence to support T-taxol conformation.
(+) Discodermolide is a polyketide isolated from the Caribbean deep sea sponge Discodermia dissoluta in 1990. Similar to paclitaxel, discodermolide interacts with tubulin and stabilizes the microtubule in vivo. Studies aimed at understanding the biologically active conformation of discodermolide bound on β–tubulin are described. In this work, the synthesis of fluorescent labeled discodermolide analogs is described and their biological activities were evaluated. Synthetic approaches to fluorescent labeled and isotopically labeled discodermolide analogs discodermolide are also described.Ph. D.
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Hetzke, Thilo [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Prisner, Thomas [Gutachter] Prisner, and Josef [Gutachter] Wachtveitl. "PELDOR and hyperfine spectroscopy as complementary tools to investigate a tetracycline-binding RNA aptamer / Thilo Hetzke ; Gutachter: Thomas Prisner, Josef Wachtveitl ; Betreuer: Thomas Prisner." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212930312/34.
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Liu, Changhui. "Syntheses and Bioactivities of Targeted and Conformationally Restrained Taxol Analogs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11186.
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Taxol (1) was first isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew about 35 years ago by Drs. Wall and Wani. Although its development as an anticancer agent was delayed by numerous reasons, including its scarcity and insolubility, the discovery of its tubulin-assembly activity and other factors motivated oncologists to overcome these problems. It has since become one of the most important current drugs for the treatment of several cancers, including breast and ovarian cancers.
Like almost all anticancer drugs taxol does have some toxic side effects and many tumors also show significant resistance to therapy with taxol. Drug targeting studies aimed at improving its selectivity and efficacy is described. Two targeting methods, the estrogen receptor (ER) directed targeting and colloidal gold (cAu)directed targeting, were used in our research. In this dissertation, a series of estradiol-taxol conjugates (ETCs) were synthesized. They were active in four cytotoxicity assays and tubulin polymerization assay, but less active than taxol. One of them showed the desired selectivity for ER positive cancer cells.
Recently, several studies have attempted to elucidate the bioactive binding conformation of taxol on microtubules. Three models have been proposed for this conformation. The T-taxol conformation was proposed by Dr. Snyder based on electron crystallographic density and molecular modeling. In this dessertation, a series of cyclopropyl-containing taxol analogs and macrocyclic taxol lactones were synthesized. The bioassay results showed they are less active than taxol. The molecular modeling studies suggested that the cyclopropyl-containing taxol analogs could not adopt the T-taxol conformation, which would result in the loss of bioactivities. It is an indirect evidence to support T-taxol conformation. As for macrocyclic taxol lactones, it is proposed that they would have a close contact between the ester moiety on the C-3' phenyl ring and Phe272 of the β-tubulin protein when they adopt T-taxol conformation. It will push the macrocyclics out of the binding pocket and lead to the lost of bioactivities.Ph. D.
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Leeder, Wolf-Matthias [Verfasser], H. Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Göringer, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel. "Monitoring the Structural Changes of pre-edited mRNAs upon Editosome Binding - Evidence for the Evolutionary Origin of RNA-Editing / Wolf-Matthias Leeder. Betreuer: H. Ulrich Göringer ; Gerhard Thiel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112269797/34.
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Fried, Dorothee [Verfasser], Beatrix [Akademischer Betreuer] Süß, Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Burkhardt. "Molekulare Analyse der Interaktion der Disintegrin-Metalloproteinase ADAM15 mit der Fokalen Adhasionskinase und dem Poly(A)-Binding Protein in osteoarthrotischen Chondrozyten / Dorothee Fried ; Beatrix Süß, Gerhard Thiel, Harald Burkhardt." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161529519/34.
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Baumgärtel, Thomas. "Binding and characterization of fluorescent nano-aggregates on structured surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-91552.
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Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die selektive Funktionalisierung von Siliziumoxidnanostrukturen auf alkyl-passivierten Siliziumoberflächen welche durch rasterkraftmikroskopisch induzierte lokale anodische Oxidation (LAO) erzeugt werden. Bei der gezielten Immobilisierung von funktionalen Molekülen auf den Strukturen werden zwei verschiedene Routen verfolgt – Anbindung von ionischen Farbstoffen über elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen sowie stufenweise kovalente chemische Anbindung von bi-funktionalen Verbindermolekülen und Farbstoffen. Eine Untersuchung der hergestellten funktionalen Strukturen erfolgt mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie, Raster-Kelvin-Mikroskopie sowie zeitaufgelöster Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und-spektroskopie. Durch zwei unabhängige Methoden kann gezeigt werden dass die Ladungen im lokalen Oxide vergleichsweise stabil sind und die elektrostatische Anbindung somit auch noch nach Tagen möglich sein sollte. Das Verhalten der elektrostatisch angebundenen Farbstoffe hängt stark von deren Art ab. Während es bei Rhodamin 6G nur zu einer minimalen spektralen Änderung im Vergleich zur Lösung kommt so zeigen spermin-funktionalisierte Perylenbisimidfarbstoffe eine deutliche H-Aggregation und Ausbildung von Excimerzuständen. Diese Zustände sind eindeutig thermisch aktiviert und zeigen eine wesentlich höhere Aktivierungsenergie als bei allen anderen bisher untersuchten Perylenaggregaten sowie eine Hysterese bei Temperaturveränderung. Die physikalische Ursache für dieses Phänomen liegt allem Anschein nach in der elektrostatischen Anbindung selbst welche ein instabiles Gleichgewicht mit der Wechselwirkung der Moleküle untereinander bildet. Eine geordnete kovalente Anbindung von funktionalen Silanmolekülen an die mittels LAO erzeugten Strukturen erfordert sehr definierte Prozessparameter. Die spektroskopische Untersuchung von an die funktionalen Silane chemisch angebundenen Fluoresceinfarbstoffen lässt indirekte Schlüsse auf deren Belegungsdichte und damit die Qualität der Silanmonolage zu.
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Goldstein, Beth Erlichman. "Single channel analysis of thiol binding to a putative site of alcohol action on the glycine receptor." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6666.
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An alcohol and anesthetic binding pocket is hypothesized to exist among transmembrane domains of the α1 glycine receptor (GlyR). Prior work has shown that amino acid residue serine-267 plays a significant role in the enhancing effects of alcohol and anesthetics and is theorized to form part of an alcohol and anesthetic binding cavity among subunit transmembrane domains. Propyl methanethiosulfonate (PMTS), an alcohol-like thiol, was previously shown to bind to a cysteine residue introduced at position 267 (S267C) and this resulted in permanent enhancement of GlyR function. If ethanol is binding to residue 267 in wildtype GlyR to potentiate receptor function then we hypothesized that covalent thiol labeling would produce receptor enhancement by the same mechanisms as ethanol. Using outside-out patch single channel electrophysiology we determined the open and closed dwell-times and burst properties of S267C GlyR in the absence and presence of PMTS. The primary consequence of PMTS binding to S267C GlyR was an increase in the lengths of burst durations, paralleling the main effect of ethanol on wildtype GlyR. Our findings thus provide a new line of evidence suggesting that ethanol is exerting its enhancing effects on the GlyR through its interactions with amino acid residue 267 in the second transmembrane domain.text
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林俊毅. "The fabrication of Iron Oxide magnetic nanoparticles and the application to improve the binding efficiency of the IgG and Thiol SAMs." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27005461973066812588.
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McKnight-Whitford, Anthony Nicholai. "Arsenic Binding to Thiols and Applications to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Detection." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1128.
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Arsenic is a widespread environmental contaminant whose toxicity depends on its valence and its chemical form. Arsenic species have been typically determined using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS), however ICPMS cannot differentiate the co-eluting arsenic species. This thesis explores the use of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with HPLC separation for arsenic speciation and demonstrates applications of various HPLC-ESI-MS methods for the determination of toxicologically and environmentally relevant arsenic compounds.
The trivalent arsenicals, such as arsenite (AsIII) and its metabolites monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII) are not easily detected using ESI-MS due to their poor ionizability, but they are known to have high affinity for thiols. Thus, the easily ionizable dithiol dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was used to derivatize the trivalent arsenicals prior to ESI-MS. Selection of the derivatizing reaction was based on studies of arsenic-thiol interactions. An HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of derivatized AsIII, DMAIII and MMAIII and underivatized arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), and was used to analyze multiple types of samples including urine, plasma and water. One set of groundwater samples from the site of a former pesticide manufacturing plant contained concentrations of MMAIII as high as 3.9-274 mg/L, the highest ever observed in the environment.
Another HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method, without the need of derivatization, was developed for the detection of the toxic thio-arsenicals dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTAV). DMMTAV was present in rat plasma and human urine and both DMMTAV and MMMTAV were detected in rat urine.
The method of derivatization and ESI-MS/MS detection was extended to the speciation of inorganic SbIII and SbV. The use of the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method using DMPS derivatization enabled the speciation of SbIII and SbV in water samples from mine waste.
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Ogunbayo, T. B., and Tebello Nyokong. "Synthesis and Pd(II) binding studies of octasubstituted alkyl thio derivatised phthalocyanines." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004170.
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Synthesis and characterization of non-peripherally (4,5) and peripherally (6,7) substituted metal free and Pd octapentylthiophthalocyanine and coordination of palladium ions to these Pcs are reported. The unmetalated complexes (4 and 6) show Pd coordination at the central metal and at the ring. The number of Pd ions bound to complex 4 were found to be five and to complex 6 were three. The equilibrium constant for the binding of Pd to complexes 4 was lower (K = 1.2 × 109 dm3 mol−1) than for complex 6 (K = 5.7 × 1010 dm3 mol−1).