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Journal articles on the topic 'Thin-walled ductile iron castings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Skrbek, B., and K. Policar. "Structure Distribution in Precise Cast Iron Moulded on Meltable Model." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0082.

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Abstract Topic of this work is to compare metalurgy of cast irons poured into sand moulds and into shell molds at IEG Jihlava company and from it following differencies in structures of thin- and thick-walled castings. This work is dealing with investigation and experimental measurement on surfaces and sections suitable thin- and thick-walled investment castings at IEG Jihlava. Cast irons with flake graphite (grey cast iron) and cast irons with spheroidal graphite (ductile cast iron). Both mechanical and physical properties are determined using calculations from as measured values of wall thicknesses L and Lu, Vickers hardness and remanent magnetism. Measurement results are discussed, findings are formulated and methods for castings metallurgical quality improvement are recommended finally.

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2

Pedersen, K. M., and N. S. Tiedje. "Undercooling and nodule count in thin walled ductile iron castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 20, no. 3 (June 2007): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404607x239816.

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3

Fraś, E., M. Górny, and W. Kapturkiewicz. "Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings: Technological Aspects." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0005.

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Abstract The paper discusses the reasons for the current trend of substituting ductile iron castings by aluminum alloys castings. However, it has been shown that ductile iron is superior to aluminum alloys in many applications. In particular it has been demonstrated that is possible to produce thin wall wheel rim made of ductile iron without the development of chills, cold laps or misruns. In addition it has been shown that thin wall wheel rim made of ductile iron can have the same weight, and better mechanical properties, than their substitutes made of aluminum alloys.

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4

Górny, Marcin, Magdalena Kawalec, Gabriela Sikora, Ewa Olejnik, and Hugo Lopez. "Primary Structure and Graphite Nodules in Thin-Walled High-Nickel Ductile Iron Castings." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080649.

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This paper considers the most important quality factors in processing spheroidal graphite cast iron; namely, primary grains and graphite nodules in thin-walled ductile iron castings (TWDI). In the present study, the effect of grain refinement (by means of Ti, Nb and Zr) and of the holding time after spheroidization and inoculation on effecting the primary grains and eutectic structure in TWDI castings was investigated. Moreover, metallographic examinations (including electron backscattering diffraction, EBSD) were carried out to reveal the macro- and micro-structural features during the primary and eutectic solidification of the cast iron. EBSD results indicate that, within a single dendritic grain, there are numerous boundaries that split the grain into numerous smaller areas. In particular, it is found that the graphite nodules are in contact with the boundaries inside the primary dendritic grain. In turn, crystallization of highly branched dendrites is observed, which seems to “push” the graphite nodules into the interdendritic regions during their growth. The present work investigates the dominant mechanism that gives rise to the primary spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) structure. In addition, this work shows that the melt quality is closely associated with the resultant morphology and number of austenite dendrites, graphite nodules, and matrix structure.

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5

Pedersen, K. M., and N. S. Tiedje. "Experimental validation of error in temperature measurements in thin walled ductile iron castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 20, no. 2 (April 2007): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404607x226838.

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6

Fraś, E., M. Górny, and H. Lopez. "Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings as Substitutes for Aluminium Alloy Castings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0076.

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Abstract The paper discusses the reasons behind current trends for substituting cast iron castings by aluminum alloys. In particular it is shown that it is possible to produce thin wall castings (control arms, cantilevers and rotors) made of ductile iron without the development of chills, cold laps or misruns, and with a strength to weight ratio of up 87 MPa cm3/g. In addition, austenitizing at 900 °C for 20 minutes and then austempering in a salt bath at 350 °C for 15 minutes promotes the development of a fully ausferritic matrix in thin wall castings with a the strength to weight ratio increase of up to 154 MPa cm3/g. Finally, it is shown that thin wall castings made of ductile or austemperded cast iron can be lighter and with superior mechanical properties then their substitutes made of aluminum alloy.

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7

Kapturkiewicz, Wojciech, Andriy Burbelko, and Marcin Górny. "Undercooling, Cooling Curves and Nodule Count for Near-eutectic Thin-walled Ductile Iron Castings." ISIJ International 54, no. 2 (2014): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.288.

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8

Elbanna, Noha, Adel Nofal, Abdelhamid Hussein, and Mahmoud Tash. "Mechanical Properties of Thin Wall Ductile Iron: Experimental Correlation Using ANOVA and DOE." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.171.

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different metallurgical parameters such as casting techniques, wall thickness, inoculant technique, carbon equivalent, nodule count, ferrite and pearlite percent on the mechanical properties of thin wall ductile iron castings (TWDI). Understanding of the effect of chemistry, casting techniques, melting and molten treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructural features of TWDI castings would help in selecting conditions required to achieve optimum mechanical properties and alloy high strength to weight ratio. The use of the design of experiment (DOE) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be a useful methodology to reach this objective. The analysis of the effects of each variable and their interaction on the mechanical properties of TWDI castings using green sand, green sand with insulation and investment casting techniques plays a key role in improved materials performance.The results indicate that nodule count, pearlite content and the interaction between carbon equivalent, nodule count and pearlite content have a significant effect on the tensile strength of TWDI castings. The impact toughness values decrease with smaller section thickness and increased nodule count. Using investment casting technique, decreasing the pearlite percent and nodule count, and increasing the wall thickness and ferrite percent reduce the values of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. The results of percent elongation and impact toughness show a reverse trend compared with those of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength in terms with different metallurgical parameters.

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9

Sheikh, M. Ashraf. "Production of carbide-free thin ductile iron castings." Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material 15, no. 5 (October 2008): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8850(08)60103-6.

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10

Benedetti, Matteo, Vigilio Fontanari, and Danilo Lusuardi. "Fatigue and fracture resistance of ferritic ductile cast iron: the effect of Sb and solidification time." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 13011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816513011.

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In this paper, we explore the effect of inoculants and solidification time on the mechanical properties of an EN-GJS-400-type ferritic ductile cast iron (DCI). For this purpose, static tensile, rotating bending fatigue, fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness tests are carried out on three different material conditions. They are produced under fast cooling (solidification time 2h45min), representative of thin walled castings, and very slow cooling (solidification time 10—13h), representative of thick walled castings, this latter with and without the addition of Sb. It has been found that the long solidification time leads to an overgrowth and degeneration of the spheroidal graphite nodules. The addition of Sb avoids the formation of chunky graphite observed in the slowly cooled condition but results in large exploded graphite nodules. These effects impact negatively on tensile strength, total elongation and fatigue strength. Conversely, the resistance to fatigue crack growth is even superior and the fracture toughness comparable to that of the fast cooled condition. Metallurgical and fractographic analyses are carried out to explain this behaviour.

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11

Fraś, E., M. Górny, E. Tyrała, and H. Lopez. "Effect of nodule count on austenitising and austempering kinetics of ductile iron castings and mechanical properties of thin walled iron castings." Materials Science and Technology 28, no. 12 (December 2012): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284712y.0000000088.

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12

Duwe, Stephanie, and Babette Tonn. "Ductile Cast Iron with High Toughness at Low Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.334.

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High life expectancy of cast components and good material performance at dynamic load are a prerequisite to cater for future trends in wind energy generators. To remain competitive in this ever evolving sector challenges reside in alloy development. In this work fractional factorial design has been applied to ferritic ductile iron with varying contents of silicon (1.6‑2 wt%), nickel (0‑1 wt%), cobalt (0‑3 wt%) and copper (0‑0.2 wt%). The minimum criteria the new alloy should meet were a minimum yield strength of 240 MPa and an impact work of minimal 8 J at a temperature of -20 °C for wall thicknesses of 60‑200 mm. To obtain these mechanical properties thick-walled castings with additional insulation were produced to achieve a higher thermic module. They provided the material for test specimens to perform static tensile tests, Charpy impact tests at varying temperatures and a microstructure analysis. With these results, a sweet spot plot has been created. That way, an optimum alloy composition could be found and has been proven by validation experiment.The optimum alloy for thick-walled castings is composed of Si = 1.6 wt%, Cu = 0.2 wt%, Ni = 0 wt% and Co = 0 wt%. It offers an enhancement in yield strength and acceptable impact work at low temperatures for massive castings in as cast state. The heat treated, full ferritic material could even improve these results.

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13

Górny, Marcin, and Edward Tyrała. "Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Walled Ductile Iron Castings." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 22, no. 1 (May 8, 2012): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0233-0.

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14

Labrecque, C., M. Gagné, A. Javaid, and M. Sahoo. "Production and properties of thin-wall ductile iron castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819601.

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15

Moon, B. M., Bong Hwan Kim, Je Sik Shin, and Sang Mok Lee. "Permanent Mold Casting Practice and Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin-Sectioned ADI Casting." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.531.

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For thin-walled casting development of austempered ductile iron (ADI), permanent mold casting and accompanied heat treatment practice were systematically investigated to suppress and/or remove chill defects of ductile cast iron (DCI) with various thickness of 2 to 9 mm and to ensure mechanical properties of the final ADI casting. Si content was increased up to 3.8% to reduce the chill formation tendency under a high cooling rate. The residual Mg content remarkably affected the nodule count, while the nodule size and spherodization were proven to have weak relationships. Austenitizing process followed by austempering was very sensitive to chemical compositions (Si and Sn) and heat treatment temperature. As a practical application, the steel bar coupler for a structural frame was tried to produce without subsequent machining.

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16

Yeung, C. F., H. Zhao, and W. B. Lee. "The Morphology of Solidification of Thin-Section Ductile Iron Castings." Materials Characterization 40, no. 4-5 (April 1998): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(98)00012-6.

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17

Górny, Marcin. "Solidification of Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings with Hypereutectic Composition." ISIJ International 50, no. 6 (2010): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.50.847.

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18

Riposan, Iulian, Eduard Stefan, Stelian Stan, Nicoleta Roxana Pana, and Mihai Chisamera. "Effects of Inoculation on Structure Characteristics of High Silicon Ductile Cast Irons in Thin Wall Castings." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081091.

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Previous experiments pointed out that the deviation using a sphere as reference of graphite particles is noticeably increased by Si-alloying, with inoculation as a possible beneficial effect. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the effects of commercial inoculants (Ca/Ca, Ba/Ca, RE-FeSi alloys) on 4.5%Si ductile iron, thin wall castings. FeSiMgRE treated iron (0.032–0.036%Mgres) is in-mold inoculated (a four-work-positions pattern). A complex chemical composition is obtained for each inoculation variant. Wedge casting W3 (ASTM A 367) is used to evaluate structure characteristics at different wall thickness (3–15 mm). Minimum and maximum size, area, nodule count, and representative graphite shape factors are evaluated. Roundness (including AG and Fmax) at 0.6–0.8 level illustrates the common formation of slightly irregular spheroidal graphite (Type V, ISO 945). Ca, RE-FeSi inoculation leads to the highest level of real perimeter and, consequently, to the lowest level of Sphericity. Ca, Ba-FeSi inoculation appears to be better than simple Ca-FeSi for improving graphite parameters, while Ca, RE-FeSi has the lowest beneficial effect, especially as it negatively affects the compactness degree of graphite particles. A two-step liquid treatment using RE-bearing FeSiCaMg master alloy and Ca, Ba-FeSi inoculant appears to be a solution to improve graphite parameters for high-Si ductile irons solidified in thin wall castings.

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19

Upadhyaya, Rajat, and Kamlesh Kumar Singh. "Structure Property Correlation of Thin Wall Ductile Iron." Journal of Materials Science Research 8, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n1p1.

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This research work concerns an assessment of the effect of one step inoculation method on thin section castings (2-5) mm analyzed. In this study inoculants representing Ce, Zr and Sr bearing Fe-Si alloys were used. It has been observed that section thickness of 2 mm thin plate containing Ce bearing Fe-Si alloys at 0.4wt% contain mainly pearlitic matrix having microhardness (HV20), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and percentage of elongation are 272 HV, 720 MPa and 4.5% respectively. It was observed that wear of 2 mm section thickness of thin plate containing Ce bearing Fe-Si alloys have greater wear resistance (272HV) compare to Zr bearing Fe-Si alloys (262HV) and Sr bearing Fe-Si alloys (259HV) respectively at 0.4wt% due to reason of pearlitic and ferritic volume fraction contents present in matrix.

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20

Ochulor, Ezenwanyi Fidelia, Samson Oluropo Adeosun, Mohammed Olawale Hakeem Amuda, and Sanmbo Adewale Balogun. "Strength Characteristics of Inoculated and Nodularised Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings." Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 03, no. 02 (2015): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2015.32012.

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21

Wessén, M., IL Svensson, and R. Aagaard. "Influence of antimony on microstructure and mechanical properties in thick- walled ductile iron castings." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819569.

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22

Caldera, M., M. Chapetti, J. M. Massone, and J. A. Sikora. "Fatigue propagation of long cracks in ferritic thin wall ductile iron castings." Materials Science and Technology 26, no. 9 (September 2010): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328409x433822.

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23

Górny, M., Ł. Gondek, E. Tyrała, G. Angella, and M. Kawalec. "Structure Homogeneity and Thermal Stability of Austempered Ductile Iron." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 2227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06214-8.

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AbstractSolid-state transformation during heat treatment is of great practical importance because it significantly affects the final structure, properties, and thermal stability of cast components. The present study highlights the issue of structure formation and its effect on the thermal stability of high-quality cast iron, namely, austempered ductile iron (ADI). In this study, experiments were carried out for castings with a 25-mm-walled thickness and under variable heat treatment conditions, i.e., austenitization and austempering within ranges of 850 °C to 925 °C and 250 °C to 380 °C, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were carried out within a range of − 260 °C to + 450 °C to study the structure parameters related to the XRD tests, which provided information related to the phase participation, lattice parameters, and stresses in the microstructure as well as with an expansion of the crystal lattice. The results also provide insight into the role of the structure and its homogeneity on the thermal stability of ADI cast iron. The present work also aims to develop strategies to suppress the formation of blocky-shaped austenite in the ADI structure to maintain a homogeneous microstructure and high thermal stability.

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24

Gogolin, Julius Alexander, and Babette Tonn. "Impact of Molybdenum on Heat-Treatment and Microstructure of ADI." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.188.

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Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is characterized by high tensile strength with acceptable ductility. Steel, as a large competitor to ADI, also meets the tensile and yield strength. Nevertheless, the main advantages of ADI compared to steel are the lower density (7.2 g/cm3 to 7.85 7.87 g/cm3) for weight reduction and lower manufacturing costs because of less energy consumption during the production. One of the main problems of producing ADI is the quenching process during heat treatment of thick-walled castings. The inner part of a massive casting – in contrast to the outer part – cools down more slowly, resulting in a heterogeneous microstructure with parts of pearlite and ferrite embedded in austenite before reaching the isothermal transformation temperature. Molybdenum is, besides nickel, copper and manganese, one of the possible alloying elements that postpone the transition point of ferrite and/or pearlite. To investigate the influence of molybdenum in thick-walled castings experiments with different molybdenum contents were performed. In dependence on the molybdenum content, different austenisation and ausferritisation temperatures and times are examined in order to investigate the transformation points, fraction and morphology of different phases. The mechanism of molybdenum in ADI has been investigated by means of dilatometer tests, microstructure analysis and mechanical tests.

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25

Borrajo, Juan Miguel, Ricardo Antonio Martínez, Roberto Enrique Boeri, and Jorge Antonio Sikora. "Shape and Count of Free Graphite Particles in Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings." ISIJ International 42, no. 3 (2002): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.257.

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26

Bublikov, V. B., A. V. Narivskyi, and Yu D. Bachynskyi. "Technology of thin-walled ductile cast iron castings obtaining in coated metal moulds with the use of in-mold melt modifying." Metal and Casting of Ukraine 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/steelcast2021.01.046.

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27

Javaid, A., and K. G. Davis. "Evaluation of Microstructural Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Thin-Wall Ductile Iron Castings." Microscopy and Microanalysis 8, S02 (August 2002): 1326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760210506x.

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28

Dhaneswara, Donanta, Bambang Suharno, Rianti Dewi S. Ariobimo, Djodi Budi Sambodo, and Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah. "Effect of Coating Layer of Sand Casting Mold in Thin-Walled Ductile Iron Casting: Reducing the Skin Effect Formation." International Journal of Metalcasting 12, no. 2 (September 18, 2017): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-017-0173-4.

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29

Ramadan, M. "Interface Structure and Elements Diffusion of As-Cast and Annealed Ductile Iron/Stainless Steel Bimetal Castings." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1856.

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Bimetal casting is considered to a promising technique for the production of high performance function materials. Heat treatment process for bimetal castings became an essential tool for improving interface structure and metallurgical diffusion bond. Molten iron alloy with carbon equivalent of 4.40 is poured into sand mold cavities containing solid 304 stainless steel strips insert. Specimens are heated to 7200C in an electrical heating furnace and holded at 720 0C for 60min and 180min. For as-cast specimens, a good coherent interface structure of ductile cast iron/304 stainless bimetal with four layers interfacial microstructure are obtained. Low temperature annealing at 720oC has a significat effect on the interface layers structure, where, three layers of interface structure are obtained after 180min annealing time because of the complete dissolving of thin layer of ferrite and multi carbides (Layer 2). Low temperature annealing shows a significant effect on the diffusion of C and otherwise shows slightly effect on the diffusion of Cr and Ni. Plearlite phase of Layer 3 is trsformed to spheroidal shape instead of lamallar shape in as-cast bimetals by low tempeature annealing at 720oC. The percent of the performed spheroidal cementit increases by increasing anneaaling time. Hardness of interface layers is changed by low temperauture annealing due to the significant carbon deffussion.

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30

Labrecque, C., M. Gagné, P. Cabanne, C. François, C. Becret, and F. Hoffmann. "Comparative Study of Fatigue Endurance Limit for 4 and 6 mm Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings." International Journal of Metalcasting 2, no. 2 (April 2008): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03355424.

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31

Choi, J. O., J. Y. Kim, C. O. Choi, J. K. Kim, and P. K. Rohatgi. "Effect of rare earth element on microstructure formation and mechanical properties of thin wall ductile iron castings." Materials Science and Engineering: A 383, no. 2 (October 2004): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.04.060.

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32

Ochulor, E. F., J. O. Ugboaja, and O. A. Olowomeye. "Performance of kaolin and cassava starch as replacements for bentonite in moulding sand used in thin wall ductile iron castings." Nigerian Journal of Technology 38, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v38i4.18.

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33

Wang, Li Ping, Er Jun Guo, Wen Yong Jiang, Yi Cheng Feng, Xiu Rong Yao, and Shan Zhi Ren. "Physical Simulation on Chill of Thick Walled Ductile Iron Casting for Spent-Nuclear-Fuel Container." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.632.

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Forced cooling measures need to be adopted in order to ensure the thick walled ductile iron casting solidification within the stipulated time. In this paper, the thick walled ductile iron casting for spent-nuclear-fuel container is used as the research object. The technology of outside mold has been identified in the actual production process. Through physical simulation experiment, the thickness of the outside the chills can be determined, and the cooling effect of chills is verified. The results show that cooling conditions have a decisive effect on the eutectic solidification, the residence time of eutectic platform and the time of casting solidification.

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34

Gorny, Marcin, Janusz Lelito, Magdalena Kawalec, and Gabriela Sikora. "Thermal Conductivity of Thin Walled Compacted Graphite Iron Castings." ISIJ International 55, no. 9 (2015): 1925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-234.

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35

Górny, M., and M. Kawalec. "Role of Titanium in Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings Production." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0030.

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Abstract In this paper the effects of titanium addition in an amount up to 0.13 wt.% have been investigated to determine their effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings (TWVGI). The study was performed for thinwalled iron castings with 3-5 mm wall thickness and for the reference casting with 13 mm. Microstructural changes were evaluated by analyzing quantitative data sets obtained by image analyzer and also using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Metallographic examinations show that in thin-walled castings there is a significant impact of titanium addition to vermicular graphite formation. Thinwalled castings with vermicular graphite have a homogeneous structure, free of chills, and good mechanical properties. It may predispose them as a potential use as substitutes for aluminum alloy castings in diverse applications.

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36

Sulamet-Ariobimo, Rianti Dewi, Yun Gemilang, Donanta Dhaneswara, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, and Bambang Suharno. "Casting Design Modification to Improve Casting Yield in Producing Thin Wall Ductile Iron Plate." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.10.

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Cooling rate plays an important role in the formation of thin wall ductile iron microstructure due to their thickness, which is 3 mm below based on Stefanescu. Cooling rate is closely related to casting design and determines the microstructure. This paper discusses the effect of casting design modification to casting yield and microstructures. Modification was made on a patented design used previously to produce thin wall ductile iron plates. The design was minimized and casting simulation was used to analyze castability of the design. After that, the design were casted in several pouring temperatures. Improvement was made to casting design based on the failure during the experiment. Casting process took place after simulation analysis. The casting product was fully casted as shown by the simulation. The casting yield has improved to 28%. When all plates were examined for microstructure, the result showed that all the microstructure of the plates was not graphite in ferrite matrix as occurred in the patented design but it was graphite in pearlite matrix.

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37

Wang, Xue Zheng, Xiao Rui Song, and Ying Zhang. "Study on Productive Technology of Greensand Mold and Thick-Walled Small Piece for Nodular Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3545.

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By intelligent use the casting head and chilling, select the appropriate chemical composition and cast, execute the technical procedure in strict rotation, promptly resolve production problems for production of qualified cast ductile iron.

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38

Burbelko, A. A., D. Gurgul, W. Kapturkiewicz, and M. Górny. "Modelling of Eutectic Saturation Influence on Microstructure in Thin Wall Ductile Iron Casting Using Cellular Automata." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0100-3.

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Abstract The mathematical model of the globular eutectic solidification in 2D was designed. Proposed model is based on the Cellular Automaton Finite Differences (CA-FD) calculation method. Model has been used for studies of the primary austenite and of globular eutectic grains growth during the ductile iron solidification in the thin wall casting. Model takes into account, among other things, non-uniform temperature distribution in the casting wall cross-section, kinetics of the austenite and graphite grains nucleation, and non-equilibrium nature of the interphase boundary migration. Calculation of eutectic saturation influence (Sc = 0.9 - 1.1) on microstructure (austenite and graphite fraction, density of austenite and graphite grains) and temperature curves in 2 mm wall ductile iron casting has been done.

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Pedersen, Karl Martin, Jesper H. Hattel, and Niels Tiedje. "Numerical modelling of thin-walled hypereutectic ductile cast iron parts." Acta Materialia 54, no. 19 (November 2006): 5103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.049.

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Hecht, Michel, and Eric Nonon. "Observations concerning the production of thin-walled castings of compacted graphite iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819600.

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Tupaj, M., A. W. Orłowicz, A. Trytek, M. Mróz, G. Bąk, and T. Abram. "On Degradation of Cast Iron Surface-Protective Paint Coat Joint." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0065.

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Abstract The paper is a presentation of a study on issues concerning degradation of protective paint coat having an adverse impact on aesthetic qualities of thin-walled cast-iron castings fabricated in furan resin sand. Microscopic examination and microanalyses of chemistry indicated that under the coat of paint covering the surface of a thin-walled casting, layers of oxides could be found presence of which can be most probably attributed to careless cleaning of the casting surface before the paint application process, as well as corrosion pits evidencing existence of damp residues under the paint layers contributing to creation of corrosion micro-cells

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Górny, Marcin, Rafał Dańko, Janusz Lelito, Magdalena Kawalec, and Gabriela Sikora. "Effect of Different Molding Materials on the Thin-Walled Compacted Graphite Iron Castings." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 25, no. 10 (August 10, 2016): 4359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2279-x.

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Suharno, Bambang, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Tresna Priyana Soemardi, and Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo. "The Effects of Plates Position in Vertical Casting Producing Thin Wall Ductile Iron." Advanced Materials Research 277 (July 2011): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.277.66.

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In the general rule of casting design the thickest part of the cast should be placed near to the ingate. This arrangement was meant to guarantee the completion of filling process. An unusual vertical casting design to produce plates with different thicknesses was established based on the idea that the heat from molten metal will always warm up its entire runner. In this design the thinnest plate is placed near to the ingate. The design was made for producing thin wall ductile iron. This research was conducted to see the effects of reverse thickness arrangement in casting design to the microstructure and mechanical properties of the plates. Plates produced by this design were compared to plates produced by the same design with general casting arrangement. Thicknesses of the plates produced in this casting were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. The moulds used were made from furan sand. Beside experiment, casting design simulation with Z-Cast was also conducted to ensure the completion of filling process and to see the manner of solidification. Casting simulation showed that arrangement of plates gave different filling and solidification manners. Although there were some differences, the filling was successful for both arrangements of plates. Skin effect was found in both designs. Nodule counts and nodularity were higher in the new design while average nodule diameters were lower. The result gained in tensile and hardness test did not follow the correlations in the characteristic of graphite. Mechanical properties showed that position of plate, ignoring the thickness, influence tensile strength and hardness.

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Żółkiewicz, Zdzisław, Łukasz Rogal, Wojciech Maj, Wojciech Maziarz, Piotr Tkaczewski, Władysław Madej, Piotr Garbień, Artur Dydak, and Wacław Oleksy. "Effect of Pouring Temperature and Heating of Ceramic Shells Mould on Projection of Thin Wall Castings." Journal of Applied Materials Engineering 60, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jame60020007.

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One of the research directions of this study is to determine the possibility of making precise, thin-walled castings from selected iron alloys. The scope of research work is aimed at determining the applicability of the casting process of selected iron alloys with the technology of wax pattern, for making precise castings with a wall thickness of less than 3 mm. The article presents the results of tests carried out for experimental castings with the shape of steps, characterized by different wall thicknesses: 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 25 mm. The castings were made of LH14, Gs42crMo4, L35H7MP2, LH26N9, 316L cast steel, and a new alloy marked “0”. The metal was smelted in an induction furnace with a capacity of 150 kg. The technology of ceramic shell mould used in the plant was used to make the experimental castings. Ceramic shell moulds were heated in a chamber furnace at a fixed temperature. The time of annealing the ceramic mould was constant in a ceramic form. The following parameters were variable during the tests: iron alloy, pouring temperature, and annealing temperature of the ceramic shell mould.

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Pedersen, Karl Martin, and Niels Tiedje. "Nucleation and solidification of thin walled ductile iron—Experiments and numerical simulation." Materials Science and Engineering: A 413-414 (December 2005): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.158.

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Pedersen, Karl Martin, and Niels S. Tiedje. "Graphite nodule count and size distribution in thin-walled ductile cast iron." Materials Characterization 59, no. 8 (August 2008): 1111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2007.09.001.

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Pedersen, K. M., and N. S. Tiedje. "Influence of rare earths on shrinkage porosity in thin walled ductile cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 22, no. 1-4 (August 2009): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404609x367830.

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Lei, Li, Li Qiang, Wang Qiang, and Huang Guojie. "Effects of Vacuum Holding Time on the Microstructures of Thin-Walled Ductile Iron." Advanced Science Letters 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 1254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2011.1608.

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Burbelko, A. A., D. Gurgul, W. Kapturkiewicz, and M. Górny. "Cellular automaton modelling of ductile iron microstructure in the thin wall casting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 33 (July 3, 2012): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/33/1/012083.

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Sulamet-Ariobimo, Rianti Dewi, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, and Bambang Suharno. "Cooling Rate Analysis of Thin Wall Ductile Iron Using Microstructure Examination and Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.845.

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Cooling rate plays an important role in thin wall ductile iron solidification, due to their thickness. Casting simulation is use as a tool to estimate the cooling rate. In the other hand, every microstructure has its own cooling rate. This paper explores the similarity of solidification mechanism between simulation and graphite characteristics. Three types of casting design simulated and produced. Solidification mechanism is analyzed based on cooling rate sequence and trend line matching. Temperature gradient and thermocouple function represent simulation while graphite characteristic represent experiment. The result shows that similarity in solidification mechanism is not found between simulation with experiment due to lack of parameters in both sides.

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