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Journal articles on the topic 'Thin film superconductors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Flik, M. I., and C. L. Tien. "Intrinsic Thermal Stability of Anisotropic Thin-Film Superconductors." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910330.

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Intrinsic thermal stability denotes a situation where a superconductor can carry the operating current without resistance at all times after the occurrence of a localized release of thermal energy. This novel stability criterion is different from the cryogenic stability criteria for magnets and has particular relevance to thin-film superconductors. Crystals of ceramic high-temperature superconductors are likely to exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivity. The resultant anisotropy of highly oriented films of superconductors greatly influences their thermal stability. This work presents an analysis for the maximum operating current density that ensures intrinsic stability. The stability criterion depends on the amount of released energy, the Biot number, the aspect ratio, and the ratio of the thermal conductivities in the plane of the film and normal to it.

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2

Phelan, P. E., G. Chen, and C. L. Tien. "Thickness-Dependent Radiative Properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films." Journal of Heat Transfer 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911251.

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Some applications of high-temperature superconductors where their radiative behavior is important, such as bolometers, optically triggered switches and gates, and space-cooled electronics, require the superconductor to be in the form of a very thin film whose radiative properties cannot be adequately represented by a semi-infinite analysis. Two properties of particular importance are the film absorptance and the combined film/substrate absorptance, which are crucial to the operation of many devices. Here, calculations of the spectral, normal-incidence absorptance of superconducting-state Y-Ba-Cu-O films on MgO substrates suggest that a decrease in the film thickness often leads to an increase in both the film and the film/substrate absorptance. Furthermore, both can exhibit a maximum at some optimal value of film thickness. Room-temperature experiments verify the qualitative features of the spectral film/substrate absorptance, indicating the assumption that the film is a smooth, continuous slab with a refractive index equal to that of well-aligned bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O is valid, at least in the normal state and for films as thin as 35 nm.

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3

Agafonov, A. I. "Finding the boson-number distributions in superconducting thin-film rings." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 32 (December 14, 2014): 1450233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214502336.

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A theory of the infrared (IR)-field-induced single-photon generation by the narrow thin-film superconducting rings made of the isotropic s-wave pairing type-II superconductors is presented. It is shown that statistical measurements of the energies of photons emitted by the same current-carrying ring prepared initially in the same quantum state, allow to find the number distribution of Cooper pairs in the superconductor.

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4

Jaeger, Herbert. "Thin film superconductors in denver." Advanced Materials 2, no. 11 (November 1990): 558–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19900021113.

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5

Tamir, I., A. Benyamini, E. J. Telford, F. Gorniaczyk, A. Doron, T. Levinson, D. Wang, et al. "Sensitivity of the superconducting state in thin films." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2019): eaau3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3826.

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For more than two decades, there have been reports on an unexpected metallic state separating the established superconducting and insulating phases of thin-film superconductors. To date, no theoretical explanation has been able to fully capture the existence of such a state for the large variety of superconductors exhibiting it. Here, we show that for two very different thin-film superconductors, amorphous indium oxide and a single crystal of 2H-NbSe2, this metallic state can be eliminated by adequately filtering external radiation. Our results show that the appearance of temperature-independent, metallic-like transport at low temperatures is sufficiently described by the extreme sensitivity of these superconducting films to external perturbations. We relate this sensitivity to the theoretical observation that, in two dimensions, superconductivity is only marginally stable.

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6

Liu, W., Y. G. Wang, and L. Li. "The HREM observation of the boundary between YBCO thin film and substrate." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173613.

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It is a very important problem to obtain high critical current density Jc in high critical temperature Tc superconductors. For high Tc thin film superconductors, the Jc value can reach >106 A/cm2 at 77K. We have prepared YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) thin films by magnetron sputtering method, the Jc values ranged from 104 -106 A/cm2, the films were deposited both on (100) SrTiO3 and (100) LaAlO3 substrates. It is well known that Jc is closely related to the microstructure of the film, in this paper we report the observation by high resolution electron microscopy of the boundary between film and substrate and analysis the result with relation to the Jc values of the films.The cross sectional specimens of the film and substrate boundary were prepared by cutting the film-substrate sample into thin slices, then stick the slices with film surface face to face by epoxy resin.

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7

Kotula, Paul G., and C. Barry Carter. "The measurement of thin-film reaction layers with high-resolution FESEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138026.

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Thin-film reactions in ceramic systems are of increasing importance as materials such as oxide superconductors and ferroelectrics are applied in thin-film form. In fact, reactions have been found to occur during the growth of YBa2Cu3O6+x on ZrO2. Additionally, thin-film reactions have also been intentionally initiated for the production of buffer layers for the subsequent growth of high-Tc superconductor thin films. The problem is that the kinetics of ceramic thin-film reactions are not well understood when the reaction layer is very thin; that is, when the rate-limiting step is a phase-boundary reaction as opposed to diffusion of the reactants through the product layer. In this case, the reaction layer is likely to be laterally non-uniform. In the present study, the measurement of thin reaction-product layers is accomplished by first digitally acquiring backscattered-electron images in a high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) followed by image analysis. Furthermore, the problem of measuring such small thicknesses (e.g., 20-500nm) over lengths of interfaces longer than 3mm is addressed.

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8

Sridhar, S. "Microwave response of thin‐film superconductors." Journal of Applied Physics 63, no. 1 (January 1988): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340483.

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9

Ryzhov, V. N., and E. E. Tareyeva. "Hexatic phase in thin-film superconductors." Physica C: Superconductivity 205, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(93)90168-p.

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10

Rohner, Dominik, Lucas Thiel, Benedikt Müller, Mark Kasperczyk, Reinhold Kleiner, Dieter Koelle, and Patrick Maletinsky. "Real-Space Probing of the Local Magnetic Response of Thin-Film Superconductors Using Single Spin Magnetometry." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113790.

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We report on direct, real-space imaging of the stray magnetic field above a micro-scale disc of a thin film of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) using scanning single spin magnetometry. Our experiments yield a direct measurement of the sample’s London penetration depth and allow for a quantitative reconstruction of the supercurrents flowing in the sample as a result of Meissner screening. These results show the potential of scanning single spin magnetometry for studies of the nanoscale magnetic properties of thin-film superconductors, which could be readily extended to elevated temperatures or magnetic fields.

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11

Wasa, Kiyotaka, Hideaki Adachi, Kumiko Hirochi, Yo Ichikawa, Tomoaki Matsushima, and Kentaro Setsune. "Thin film processing for high-Tc superconductors of the Bi-system." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 7 (July 1991): 1595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1595.

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Basic thin film deposition processes for controlled deposition of the high-Tc superconductors of the Bi-systems are described. The layered structures of Bi-oxide superconductors are fabricated by a multitarget sputtering process. The multitarget sputtering process realizes the controlled deposition of single phase Bi-oxide superconductors, Bi2O2 · 2SrO · (n −1)CaO · nCuO2 for n = 1 to 5. The minimum thickness controlled by the multitarget sputtering is a half crystal unit-cell of around 15 Å, and the superlattices comprising (AkBk) · m, where A and B denote the Bi-oxide superconductors with different numbers of Cu–O layers, could be fabricated for k > 1, although ion mixing takes place during the sputtering deposition due to the bombardment of the highly energetic sputtered adatoms. Multitarget sputtering will be available for the fabrication of the artificially-made layered oxide superconductors (ALOS).

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12

Nastasi, M., P. N. Arendt, R. Tesmer, C. J. Maggiore, R. C. Cordi, D. L. Bish, J. D. Thompson, et al. "Fabrication of oxide superconductors from multilayered metallic thin films." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 6 (December 1987): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0726.

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Thin-film GdBa2Cu3Ox superconductors with an onset Tc > 90 K have been produced. The films were fabricated by thermal reaction in an oxidizing atmosphere of electron-beam deposited Ba/Gd/Cu multilayers. Attempts to produce the superconducting phase YBa2Cu3Ox by multilayer reaction were unsuccessful due to a positive heat of mixing between Y and Ba. The appearance of a wide superconducting transition in GdBa2Cu3Ox films may be the result of tunneling through a nonsuperconducting second phase.

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13

Flik, M. I., and C. L. Tien. "Size Effect on the Thermal Conductivity of High-Tc Thin-Film Superconductors." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910494.

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Using the kinetic theory approximation and reported data, this study shows that at low temperatures, the phonon mean free path in polycrystalline ceramic YBa2Cu3O7 can be of the order of the thickness of thin-film superconductors. In this case, boundary scattering reduces the thermal conductivity with decreasing film thickness. A simple method accounts for the size effect on conduction in thin films. This analysis rests solely on geometric arguments and does not consider the effect of grain boundaries. For conduction along the film, this model approximates well an analytical solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, and is in good agreement with experimental data for thin lead films. The model is also employed to analyze the size effect on conduction across the film and the influence of anisotropy.

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14

KUSAKA, Tadaoki, Akira AOKI, Yoshihiko SUZUKI, Tsutom YOTSUYA, Souichi OGAWA, and Takahiro AOYAMA. "Metal thin film contact to oxide superconductors." SHINKU 32, no. 3 (1989): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.32.263.

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15

Matijasevic, Vladimir, and Ivan Bozovic. "Thin film processes for high-temperature superconductors." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 1, no. 1 (February 1996): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(96)80009-x.

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16

Kapitulnik, A., and K. Char. "Measurements on thin-film high-Tc superconductors." IBM Journal of Research and Development 33, no. 3 (May 1989): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.333.0252.

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17

Xi, X. X., T. Venkatesan, Q. Li, X. D. Wu, A. Inam, C. C. Chang, R. Ramesh, et al. "Preparation of thin film high temperature superconductors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 2 (March 1991): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.133345.

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18

Murakami, Hiroshi, Shunsuke Hosokawa, Isao Kudo, Kazuhiro Endo, Sadafumi Yoshida, Yo Ichikawa, Kentaro Setsune, and Akihiro Teramoto. "Microgravity annealing system for thin‐film superconductors." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 6 (June 1993): 1536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144023.

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19

Negri, S. "Preparation techniques of thin film ITC superconductors." Bulletin of Materials Science 14, no. 2 (April 1991): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02747363.

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20

Kogan, Vladimir, and Norio Nakagawa. "Moving Pearl Vortices in Thin-Film Superconductors." Condensed Matter 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat6010004.

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The magnetic field hz of a moving Pearl vortex in a superconducting thin-film in (x,y) plane is studied with the help of the time-dependent London equation. It is found that for a vortex at the origin moving in +x direction, hz(x,y) is suppressed in front of the vortex, x>0, and enhanced behind (x<0). The distribution asymmetry is proportional to the velocity and to the conductivity of normal quasiparticles. The vortex self-energy and the interaction of two moving vortices are evaluated.

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21

SERGEEV, A. V., and M. YU. REIZER. "PHOTORESPONSE MECHANISMS OF THIN SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS AND SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 06 (March 15, 1996): 635–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797929600026x.

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The photoresponse of ordinary and high-T c superconductors depends critically on the hierarchy of relaxation times, such as the electron–phonon and phonon–electron scattering times, the time of phonon escape from a superconducting film and also the phonon return time. For thin films of cuprates, close to the superconducting transition the following components of transient response are identified. The picosecond photoresponse is attributed to the dynamics of nonequilibrium quasiparticles and Cooper pairs. The nanosecond response is described by the thermal boundary resistance (the Kapitza resistance) between a superconducting film and a substrate. The microsecond response is associated with the phonon diffusion in the substrate. Using experimental results, we deduce the characteristic time of electron–phonon relaxation and parameters of the film-substrate interface. The kinetic inductance photoresponse of superconductors with s- and d-wave pairing far below the superconducting transition is also calculated. We study parameters (responsivity, operating speed and noise equivalent power) of a nonequilibrium detector, in which only electron states are changed under the radiation, while the film phonons stay in thermodynamic equilibrium with the substrate. Our analysis demonstrates that the nonequilibrium superconducting detectors have essential advantages compared to superconducting bolometers and other detectors.

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22

Messier, Russell. "Thin Film Deposition Processes." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 11 (November 1988): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063879.

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Thin film materials pervade our everyday life as transparent conductors in LCD watches and computer displays and in defrosters for automobiles... antireflection coatings for camera lenses… optical fibers for communication … architectural glass coatings for both color and energy efficiency… solar cells… decorative coatings on plastics such as for toys and automobiles parts… a whole host of electronic and optoelectronic devices… hard coatings for cutting tools, drill bits, and bearings … even metallic coatings inside potato chip bags to keep the chips crisp!Without thin films our lifestyles would be drastically different. And this trend toward increased use of thin film technology will only continue.The varied reasons for using thin films and the specific deposition processes for preparing them are often complex; but usually relate to function, cost, beauty, materials and energy efficiency, and performance. In addition to technological applications, scientists are finding thin films to be an invaluable tool for investigating new physical phenomena, even at the quantum level. For instance, two of the most important new materials—high temperature ceramic superconductors and diamond coatings — are currently being made by several thin film deposition processes in order to explore both their scientific and technological potential.Just 25 years ago the variety of deposition processes for preparing thin films was quite limited. Thin film scientists and technologists had at their disposal electrodeposition, elementary chemical vapor deposition, evaporation, and dc sputtering. Commercial equipment for electron-beam evaporation, a mainstay in the optical coatings industry, was just being developed. Most of the deposition processes reviewed in this and next month's MRS BULLETIN were either not commercially available or were not even conceived of then.

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23

Li, Bin, and Ellen D. Williams. "Stability of the YBa2Cu3O7−x−Si interface." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 8 (August 1991): 1634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1634.

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Electron spectroscopies were used to study the reaction of Si and SiO2 layers with high-Tc superconductors at room temperature and under annealing conditions. The superconductor samples include YBa2Cu3O7 ceramic and thin film samples as well as GdBa2Cu3O7 ceramic samples. The results show that the Si overlayers withdraw oxygen from the superconductor and form an interfacial layer of Si oxide at room temperature. Annealing increases the reaction rate so that films as thick as 30 Å become completely oxidized following annealing above approximately 100 °C. Ba segregates to the surface from the bulk after Si oxidation when annealed at temperatures higher than 200 °C, while the rare earth element (Gd) does not segregate.

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24

Traeholt, C. "TEM study of a laser ablated YBa2Cu3O7−x thin film on MgO substrate." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173273.

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Since the high Tc superconductors were discovered, the most common compounds have been investigated in detail. This work has mainly been done on bulk specimens. Now as the preparation of these high Tc superconductors is well controlled with respect to the common compounds, thin films become of major interest. In order to study the film—substrate interface cross-sectional specimens for TEM have here been prepared and investigated considering the process of image formation.Thin films, about 100 nm thick, were laser ablated onto a single crystal MgO substrate. This was done in an oxygen atmosphere and with a rotating target of stoichiometric YBa2Cu3O7−x. The subsequent X—ray analysis showed what was believed to be an epitaxially grown film, with its c—axis only deviating a few degrees from the substrate normal. The a— and b—axes of the film were oriented parallel to the <100> directions of the substrate, in spite of a lattice mismatch (YBa2Cu3O7−x a = 3.82 Å, b = 3.89 Å, c = 11.68 Å; MgO a = b = c = 4.2 Å).

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25

GULIAN, A. M., H. N. NERSESYAN, and S. V. PATURYAN. "NONEQUILIBRIUM STATES OF CHARGE CARRIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTORS: POSSIBILITIES TO CREATE INVERSE POPULATION AND INITIATE LASER ACTION." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 01 (January 10, 1994): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984994000029.

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Distribution functions of nonequilibrium electron-hole excitations are considered in superconductors under the external pumping. In isotropic superconductors with the Debye-like phonon spectrum, the inverse population theoretically may be created only at the tunnel injection of electrons from massive superconductor into thin superconducting film. In superconductors with non-Debye spectrum, particularly in anisotropic single crystals, in which the interaction of electrons with transverse phonon modes may become significant, the situation is much more preferable. Recently, it has been shown that the electron system of such superconductors can be shifted ultimately far from thermal equilibrium state by the incident light. Thus, the possibilities exist for the creation of generators of coherent electromagnetic radiation on the basis of superconducting active media.

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26

Grant Norton, M., and C. Barry Carter. "Microstructure of thin YBa2Cu3O7−δ films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100173170.

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The microstructure of superconducting thin-films often strongly influences their electrical properties. The actual microstructure of the film will be dependent on the nucleation and early stages of film growth, although the substrate will also be expected to exert an influence during the early stages of growth by the establishment of epitaxy. The highest critical currents have been obtained with films grown on SrTiO3, however MgO is of fundamental interest because patterned films on MgO have been shown to possess Josephson weak-link structure. The presence of the Josephson weak-links has been correlated with the occurrence of misaligned grains in films grown on MgO. Ultra-thin films of high-Tc superconductors are of interest for understanding the properties of these materials and may also be of use in technical applications.The microstructure of ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7−δ films prepared by pulsed-laser ablation onto (001)- oriented MgO has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area diffraction (SAD).

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27

Suzuki, Takao, Yasuhiro Seguchi, and Takefumi Tsuboi. "Spin Paramagnetic Effect on Dirty Thin-Film Superconductors." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 26, S3-2 (January 1, 1987): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.26s3.1655.

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28

Nicol, E. J., and J. P. Carbotte. "Critical currents in type I, thin film superconductors." Physica B: Condensed Matter 165-166 (August 1990): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(09)80121-x.

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29

Tiefel, T. H., S. Jin, G. W. Kammlott, J. E. Graebner, R. B. van Dover, and N. D. Spencer. "Fabrication of thin‐film superconductors by bulk processing." Applied Physics Letters 58, no. 17 (April 29, 1991): 1917–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105047.

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30

DAGANI, RON. "New Milestones Set with Bulk, Thin-Film Superconductors." Chemical & Engineering News 67, no. 46 (November 13, 1989): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n046.p022.

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31

Flik, Markus I., and Chang-Lin Tien. "THERMAL PHENOMENA IN HIGH-Tc THIN-FILM SUPERCONDUCTORS." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 3, no. 3 (1990): 115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.v3.60.

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32

Qureishy, T., J. I. Vestgården, A. J. Qviller, A. S. Fjellvåg, J. M. Meckbach, A. Torgovkin, T. H. Johansen, et al. "Energy of dendritic avalanches in thin-film superconductors." AIP Advances 8, no. 8 (August 2018): 085128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045682.

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33

Talvacchio, J., M. A. Janocko, and J. Greggi. "Properties of evaporated Mo-Re thin-film superconductors." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 64, no. 5-6 (September 1986): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00681709.

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34

Grønbech-Jensen, Niels, A. R. Bishop, and Daniel Domínguez. "Metastable Filamentary Vortex Flow in Thin Film Superconductors." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 16 (April 15, 1996): 2985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.2985.

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35

Dagani, R. "New milestones set with Bulk, thin-film superconductors." Chemical & Engineering News 67, no. 46 (November 13, 1989): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/71580.71581.

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36

Brenig, W., M. A. Paalanen, A. F. Hebard, and P. Wölfle. "Magnetoconductance of thin-film superconductors near critical disorder." Physical Review B 33, no. 3 (February 1, 1986): 1691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.1691.

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37

Stoessel, C. H., R. F. Bunshah, S. Prakash, and H. R. Fetterman. "Thin-film processing of high-T c superconductors." Journal of Superconductivity 6, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00618500.

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38

Ono, Ronald H. "Thin Film Processing of Complex Multilayer Structures of High-Temperature Superconductors." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 8 (August 1992): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940004183x.

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The realization of a revolutionary generation of electronics based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) crucially depends on the ability to make high-quality thin film microstructures. These will incorporate materials such as YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO), TlBaCaCuO, or BiSrCaCuO in a fashion similar to the circuits and devices made of their low Tc counterparts Nb or NbN. Without exception, the most valuable structures will be composed of multiple layers of superconducting films and dielectrics, in some cases combined with normal metals, low-temperature superconductors, or a variety of semiconductors. Generically, these can be combined in two ways: in a hybrid design where specialized packages and bonding are used to attach dissimilar materials, or in a monolithic thin film structure such as the one seen in Figure 1.The division between hybrid and monolithic multilayers results from the historical development of electronic circuits. Hybrid designs typically require linewidths and alignment accuracy somewhat less demanding than those used in fully integrated circuits. The advantage of hybrid construction is the separation of incompatible processing steps onto different substrates or die. The monolithic integrated circuit, whether microelectronic, millimeter wave, or radio frequency, can be made in large batches with concomitant economy of scale and can be fabricated with fewer parasitic constraints. Superconducting integrated circuits have followed the semiconductor pattern of being developed in a hybrid fashion, then transferred to a fully integrated process.

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39

Huang, T. C., A. Segmuller, W. Lee, V. Lee, D. Bullock, and R. Karimi. "X-ray Diffraction Analysis of High Tc Superconducting Thin Films." Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020577.

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AbstractX-ray diffraction techniques have been used for the structure characterization of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O thin films. A powder diffraction analysis of Y-Ba-Cu-O films showed that the films deposited at 650°C on Si are polycrystalline and have an orthorhambic structure similar to that of the YBa2Cu3O7 bulk superconductors. In addition to the conventional powder diffraction technique, both the rocking curve and the grazing incidence diffraction methods were used to characterize a YBa2Cu3O7 film on (110) SrTiO3 substrate. Results showed that the film was epitaxially grown and aligned with its substrate in a true epitaxy. Phase identification and line broadening analyses of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O films showed that the films are comprised of one or more superconducting phases and probably contain stacking faults.

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40

Farrow, R. C., Don Monroe, W. S. Brocklesby, and M. Hong. "Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Superconducting Transport in a YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152859.

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By combining electron probing with current biasing at low temperatures a map of the transport characteristics of a mixed phase thin film superconductor can be obtained. The electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) acts as a local heat source. Under the proper conditions of temperature, bias current, and beam current, variations in the superconducting state can be mapped and compared to microstructure and chemical phase information. This method has recently been applied to high Tc superconductors to map critical currents and to identify weak links in superconducting paths. We discuss here the possible application of the technique to identify the superconducting phase within a matrix of non-superconducting material.The sample was an ∼1 μm thin film that was grown by sputtering from a YBa2Cu3O7-δ target onto a [001] SrTiO3 substrate. A more detailed description of the growth procedure is given elsewhere. The morphology, crystallinity, and stoichiometry of the samples were characterized in the SEM. The film had several chemical phases and a morphology consisting of large rectangular platelets (typical size 200х50 μm), covering ∼20-30% of the surface.

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Bhattacharya, R. N., P. A. Parilla, A. Mason, L. L. Roybal, R. K. Ahrenkiel, R. Noufi, R. P. Hellmer, J. F. Kwak, and D. S. Ginley. "TlBaCaCuO and YBaCuO superconductor thin films via an electrodeposition process." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 7 (July 1991): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1389.

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Thin-film superconductors of TlBaCaCuO (TBCCO) and YBaCuO (YBCO) were fabricated via an electrodeposition process. The precursors of the superconducting TBCCO films were codeposited at a constant potential of −4 V onto a silver-coated SrTiO3 substrate. The YBCO precursors also were codeposited but under pulsed-potential conditions (in order to improve the film morphology) and onto a silver-coated MgO substrate. The pulsed-potential cycle consisted of 1 s at −4 V followed by 1 s at −1 V. The post-annealed TBCCO film showed zero resistance at about 102 K and critical current density at 76 K of 20 000 A/cm2 in zero magnetic field and 5000 A/cm2 in a 10 kOe field parallel to the film plane. The post-annealed YBCO film showed zero resistance at approximately 80 K and critical current density of 5160 A/cm2 at 4 K in zero magnetic field.

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Morita, M., and S. Okuma. "Flux Pinning and Current-Induced Vortex Motion at T→0 in Two-Dimensional Vortex Glass." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 18n20 (August 10, 2003): 3445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021174.

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We investigate the roles of flux pinning on vortex motion at low temperatures (T) in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors using two thin (4 nm) amorphous Mo x Si 1-x films with different pinning strength. We measure the T dependence of resistance R at fields B below the critical field Bc of the 2D superconductor-insulator (SI) transition. For both films we observe the very small T-independent R at T→0 in certain field regions below Bc, suggesting quantum motion of a small number of vortices (dislocations) in the 2D vortex-glass phase in the presence of current. For the film with weaker pinning, the activation energy decreases at T<0.1 K .

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43

Bang, Wonbae, Sung Oh Woo, T. D. Morrison, W. Teizer, K. D. D. Rathnayaka, I. F. Lyuksyutov, and D. G. Naugle. "Superconductivity and hall effect of polycrystalline Pb82Bi18 thin films, a universal test platform for flux pinning by hybrid nanostructures." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 25 (October 10, 2019): 1950288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502886.

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We report the properties of superconductivity and Hall effect in 100 nm Pb[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text] alloy thin films which were prepared by thermal evaporation with quench condensation using liquid nitrogen. X-ray diffraction indicates the films are [Formula: see text]-phase with peaks shifted to lower angles compared to pure Pb. The [Formula: see text] of the films was higher than those of an amorphous Pb–Bi alloy thin film of the same composition and pure bulk Pb. The resistivity, critical field and critical current density of the thin films are reported. The coherence length ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) and London penetration depth ([Formula: see text]) near [Formula: see text] were calculated from the experimental results. The films are in the dirty limit and behave as type-II superconductors with a Ginzburg–Landau parameter of about 10. Additionally, the films show sign reversal in Hall measurements. These films have been quite useful in a comprehensive study of the effects of flux pinning by integrated ferromagnetic nanostructures conducted in hybrid ferromagnet–superconductor samples in our lab over the past few years due to their single-phase nature and strong type-II behavior.

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Kim, B. F., J. Bohandy, F. J. Adrian, T. E. Phillips, and K. Moorjani. "Characterisation of Thin Film Superconductors by Magnetically Modulated Resistance." Microelectronics International 8, no. 1 (January 1991): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044433.

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Gray, K. E. "Thermoelectric Generation of Magnetic Flux in Thin-Film Superconductors." Physical Review Letters 56, no. 26 (June 30, 1986): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.56.2879.

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Azoulay, J. "High Tc thin film superconductors: preparation, patterning and characterization." Thin Solid Films 206, no. 1-2 (December 1991): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(91)90414-s.

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47

Hermele, Michael, Gil Refael, Matthew P. A. Fisher, and Paul M. Goldbart. "Fate of the Josephson effect in thin-film superconductors." Nature Physics 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2005): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys154.

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Han, S. W., J. A. Pitney, P. F. Miceli, M. Covington, L. H. Greene, M. J. Godbole, and D. H. Lowndes. "X-ray reflectivity study of thin film oxide superconductors." Physica B: Condensed Matter 221, no. 1-4 (April 1996): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(95)00931-0.

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Scheffler, Marc, M. Maximilian Felger, Markus Thiemann, Daniel Hafner, Katrin Schlegel, Martin Dressel, Konstantin S. Ilin, et al. "Broadband Corbino spectroscopy and stripline resonators to study the microwave properties of superconductors." ACTA IMEKO 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v4i3.247.

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<p>Superconducting materials are of great interest both for the fundamental understanding of electrons in solids as well as for a range of different applications. Studying superconductors with microwaves offers a direct experimental access to the electrodynamic response of these materials, which in turn can reveal fundamental material properties such as the superconducting penetration depth. Here we describe two different techniques to study superconductors at microwave frequencies: the broadband Corbino approach can cover frequencies from the MHz range up to 50 GHz continuously but is limited to thin-film samples whereas the stripline resonators are sensitive enough to study low-loss single crystals but reveal data only at a set of roughly equidistant resonant frequencies. We document the applicability of these two techniques with data taken on an ultrathin TaN film and a single crystal of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>, respectively.</p>

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50

Phelan, P. E., and M. N. Ghasemi Nejhad. "Residual Stresses for In-Situ Deposition of Thin-Film High-Temperature Superconductors." Journal of Electronic Packaging 116, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905695.

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Residual stresses are caused by nonuniform thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage taking place during processing. For thin-film high-temperature superconductors, residual stresses result because of the thermal expansion mismatch between the film and substrate, and the introduction of oxygen into the film after in-situ deposition, which makes the unit cell dimensions change (chemical shrinkage) as the oxygen stoichiometry changes. Since both the reliability of the film—especially the bond between the film and substrate—and the film critical temperature are functions of the state of stress, it is important to understand how the residual stresses vary with processing conditions. Here, a three-dimensional residual stress analysis is carried out based on laminate theory, which assumes the lateral dimensions of the entire system to be much larger than its thickness. The normal residual stress components in the film, and the peeling stress at the film/substrate interface, are calculated. The results demonstrate the crucial role that chemical shrinkage plays in the formulation of residual stresses. A large portion of the stresses arises from the initial change of the unit cell dimensions due to changes in the film oxygen stoichiometry. Therefore, the processing temperature, and especially the initial oxygen pressure in the deposition chamber, are the key variables that impact the residual stresses.

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