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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thin elastic plates

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thin elastic plates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Zhang, WX. "Thermal Effect of Thin Elastic Plates." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602040.

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Thermal effect refers to the heat released or absorbed by the object in the changing process at a certain temperature. In this process, the stress inside the material will change. Thermal stress refers to the stress produced when the temperature changes, because of the external constraints and the internal constraints between the various parts, so that it can not completely free expansion and contraction.

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2

Vallabhan, C. V. Girija, Bob Yao‐Ting Wang, Gee David Chou, and Joseph E. Minor. "Thin Glass Plates on Elastic Supports." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 11 (November 1985): 2416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:11(2416).

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Dauge, M., I. Djurdjevic, E. Faou, and A. Rössle. "Eigenmode Asymptotics in Thin Elastic Plates." Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 78, no. 9 (November 1999): 925–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-7824(99)00138-5.

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Porter, R. "Trapped waves in thin elastic plates." Wave Motion 45, no. 1-2 (November 2007): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2007.04.001.

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Dauge, Monique, and Isabelle Gruais. "Edge layers in thin elastic plates." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 157, no. 3-4 (May 1998): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(97)00244-2.

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Zhang, R. J. "Size Effects in Elastic Thin Plates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 633 (September 21, 2015): 012139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/633/1/012139.

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Radhakrishnan, G., M. K. Sundaresan, and B. Nageswara Rao. "FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY OF THIN ELASTIC PLATES." Journal of Sound and Vibration 209, no. 2 (January 1998): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1242.

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Hayrapetyan, G. S., and S. H. Sargsyan. "Theory of micropolar orthotropic elastic thin plates." Mechanics - Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia 65, no. 3 (2012): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33018/65.3.3.

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Meylan, Michael H., and Michael J. A. Smith. "Perforated grating stacks in thin elastic plates." Wave Motion 70 (April 2017): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wavemoti.2016.07.013.

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Tweet, K. D., M. J. Forrestal, and W. E. Baker. "Diverging elastic waves in thin tapered plates." International Journal of Solids and Structures 34, no. 3 (January 1997): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(96)00009-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Datta, Sripati. "Some linear and nonlinear problems of thin elastic plates placed on elastic foundation." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/664.

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Chanda, Subhash. "Static and dynamic behaviour of thin elastic and elastic plastic plates and shells." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/631.

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Pal, Archana. "Large deflections of thin elastic plates and shellsq." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1043.

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De, Bruin P. D. (Peter Douglas). "Experimental determination of the effective elastic constants of thin perforated plates." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/66862.

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Lin, Bo Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "Non-selfadjoint vibration, control and stability of thin elastic rectangular plates." Ottawa, 1993.

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Kossovich, Elena. "Explicit models for flexural edge and interfacial waves in thin elastic plates." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6505.

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In the thesis explicit dual parabolic-elliptic models are constructed for the Konenkov flexural edge wave and the Stoneley-type flexural interfacial wave in case of thin linearly elastic plates. These waves do not appear in an explicit form in the original equations of motion within the framework of the classical Kirchhoff plate theory. The thesis is aimed to highlight the contribution of the edge and interfacial waves into the overall displacement field by deriving specialised equations oriented to aforementioned waves only. The proposed models consist of a parabolic equation governing the wave propagation along a plate edge or plate junction along with an elliptic equation over the interior describing decay in depth. In this case the parabolicity of the one-dimensional edge and interfacial equations supports flexural wave dispersion. The methodology presented in the thesis reveals a dual nature of edge and interfacial plate waves contrasting them to bulk-type wave propagating in thin elastic structures. The thesis tackles a number of important examples of the edge and interfacial wave propagation. First, it addresses the propagation of Konenkov flexural wave in an elastic isotropic plate under prescribed edge loading. For the latter, parabolic-elliptic explicit models were constructed and thoroughly investigated. A similar problem for a semi-infinite orthotropic plate resulted in a more general dual parabolic-elliptic model. Finally, an anal- ogous model was derived and analysed for two isotropic semi-infinite Kirchhoff plates under perfect contact conditions.

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Glandier, Christian Y. "Wave-vector analysis of the vibrations of thin cylindrical shells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16797.

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Tsang, Chee-Fon. "The isoparametric boundary element analysis of thin and thick plates on an elastic foundation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362645.

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Koduru, Hari Kishan. "Effects of rotational elastic edge supports on buckling and free vibration of thin rectangular plates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ46586.pdf.

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Fadhil, Sarab Akram. "Boundary element analysis of thin and thick plates resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386199.

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Books on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Boundary stabilization of thin plates. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1989.

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2

Ventsel, Eduard. Thin plates and shells: Theory, analysis, and applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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3

Szwabowicz, Marek L. Deformable surfaces and almost inextensional deflections of thin shells. Gdańsk: Wydawn. Instytutu Maszyn Przepływowych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1999.

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4

Yu, Kossovich L., and Nolde E. V, eds. Dynamics of thin walled elastic bodies. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 1998.

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5

Ivanova, Jordanka. Geometric method for stability of non-linear elastic thin shells. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Franco, Pastrone, ed. Geometric method for stability of non-linear elastic thin shells. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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7

Antonino, Morassi, Paroni Roberto, and International Centre for Mechanical Sciences., eds. Classical and advanced theories of thin structures: Mechanical and mathematical aspects. Wien: Springer, 2008.

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Antonino, Morassi, Paroni Roberto, and International Centre for Mechanical Sciences., eds. Classical and advanced theories of thin structures: Mechanical and mathematical aspects. Wien: Springer, 2008.

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9

Cheng, Xuansheng. Thermal Elastic Mechanics Problems of Concrete Rectangular Thin Plate. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4472-4.

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Thin Plates and Shells. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Karasudhi, P. "Bending of Elastic Thin Plates." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 154–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3814-7_5.

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Gambhir, Murari Lal. "Elastic Buckling of Thin Flat Plates." In Stability Analysis and Design of Structures, 335–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09996-4_8.

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Varygina, Maria. "Numerical Modeling of Micropolar Thin Elastic Plates." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 690–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57099-0_79.

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Lewicka, Marta. "Limiting Theories for Elastic Plates: Linearized Bending." In Calculus of Variations on Thin Prestressed Films, 173–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17495-7_7.

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Kaplunov, Julius, Danila A. Prikazchikov, and Tomaž Savšek. "Dynamic Sliding Contact for a Thin Elastic Layer." In Recent Approaches in the Theory of Plates and Plate-Like Structures, 103–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87185-7_9.

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Vinson, Jack R. "Elastic Stability of Shells." In The Behavior of Thin Walled Structures: Beams, Plates, and Shells, 156–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2774-2_11.

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Lewicka, Marta. "Limiting Theories for Elastic Plates and Shells: Nonlinear Bending." In Calculus of Variations on Thin Prestressed Films, 95–138. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17495-7_5.

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Lewicka, Marta. "Limiting Theories for Elastic Plates and Shells: Sublinear and Linear." In Calculus of Variations on Thin Prestressed Films, 139–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17495-7_6.

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Yu-Qiu, Long. "Sub-region generalized variational principles in elastic thin plates." In Progress in Applied Mechanics, 121–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3487-0_10.

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Panagiotopoulos, P. D. "Inequality Problems in the Theory of Thin Elastic Plates." In Inequality Problems in Mechanics and Applications, 215–49. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5152-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Lagnese, John. "Boundary stabilization of thin elastic plates." In 26th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1987.272797.

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Wu, Kuang-Chong, and Tsungyen Tsai. "Bending of Thin Elastic Plates Containing Two Circular Holes." In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icmie18.132.

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Vatrenko, Oleksandr, and Mykola Iakymchuk. "Energy aspects of thin round elastic plates' stability loss." In 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ess57819.2022.9969239.

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Vijayachandran, Avinkrishnan A., Othman Oudghiri-Idrissi, Hrishikesh Danawe, Xiaoming Mao, Ellen Arruda, Serife Tol, and Anthony Waas. "Creasing of thin, elastic plates for maximizing fundamental frequencies." In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0560.

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York, C. "Elastic buckling interaction in regular arrays of thin polygonal plates." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1331.

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Goloskokov, Dmitriy P., and Alexander V. Matrosov. "Approximate analytical solutions in the analysis of thin elastic plates." In THE EIGHTH POLYAKHOV’S READING: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Mechanics. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5034687.

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Mohammadi, Meisam, A. R. Saidi, and Mehdi Mohammadi. "Buckling Analysis of Thin Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24594.

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In the present article, the buckling analysis of thin functionally graded rectangular plates resting on elastic foundation is presented. According to the classical plate theory, (Kirchhoff plate theory) and using the principle of minimum total potential energy, the equilibrium equations are obtained for a functionally graded rectangular plate. It is assumed that the plate is rested on elastic foundation, Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations, and is subjected to in-plane loads. Since the plate is made of functionally graded materials (FGMs), there is a coupling between the equations. In order to remove the existing coupling, a new analytical method is introduced where the coupled equations are converted to decoupled equations. Therefore, it is possible to solve the stability equations analytically for special cases of boundary conditions. It is assumed that the plate is simply supported along two opposite edges in x direction and has arbitrary boundary conditions along the other edges (Levy boundary conditions). Finally, the critical buckling loads for a functionally graded plate with different boundary conditions, some aspect ratios and thickness to side ratios, various power of FGM and foundation parameter are presented in tables and figures. It is concluded that increasing the power of FGM decreases the critical buckling load and the load carrying capacity of plate increases where the plate is rested on Pasternak in comparison with the Winkler type.

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Luo, Albert C. J., and Hamid R. Hamidzadeh. "The Nonlinear Vibration and Stability of Axially Traveling Thin Plates." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48439.

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Frequency and responses for the free vibration of traveling, nonlinear, elastic plates are obtained that are based on a nonlinear plate theory developed by Luo in 2000. The plate theory includes the in-plane inertial forces, the centrifugal forces, curvature effects and the in-plane Coriolis inertia. The critical speeds are obtained while the frequency of the prebuckled plate vanishes, and the critical speed for the mode (1,1) response is not always minimal.

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Sun, Weiming, and Zimao Zhang. "Convergence of Analytic Fourier Series Solution for Elastic Bending of Thin Plates." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science (ICIECS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciecs.2010.5678290.

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Sladek, V., L. Sator, and J. Sladek. "Multiple gradations coupling effects in the bending of thin elastic FGM plates." In BEM/MRM 38. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bem380181.

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Reports on the topic "Thin elastic plates"

1

Denys, Waele, and Lefevre. L52239 Input to Code Revision for Interaction of Girth Weld Defects under Plastic Collapse Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011348.

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A pipeline girth weld may contain one single or multiple defects. If discrete multiple notches occur, current codes define by applying proximity rules the defect dimensions to be used in an ECA. The defect interaction rules contained in pipeline specific standards are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics with conservative approximations. Similar solutions for failure by plastic collapse are non-existent. In this study, using experimental data of wide plate tests, interaction criteria for ductile girth welds containing multiple coplanar surface breaking defects are proposed. Based on a simple plastic collapse assessment, defect length limits ensuring the onset of remote yielding in the pipe bodies are calculated. A two-tier assessment procedure, based on a comparison of the sum of the individual defect lengths with these characteristic limits, is proposed. If the total defect length is smaller than the characteristic defect length limit interaction will not occur. The defect length limit ensuring remote yielding in the case of multiple defects is dependent on the spacing between defects. The defect length limits also incorporate the effect of yield-to-tensile ratio. The performance behaviour of wide plates with coplanar surface-breaking defects is compared with existing and proposed interaction criteria. The assessment shows that the proposed defect interaction procedure is less conservative than the rules currently embodied in pipeline specific standards.

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Wilkowski, Maxey, and Eiber. L51705 Cyclic Pressure Fatigue Life of Pipelines with Plain Dents Dents with Gouges and Dents with Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010606.

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Research has been conducted to study the effects of dents, gouges, and weld seams on pipelines under cyclic internal pressure loading. The work associated with this project has involved both experimental and finite element analysis on pipes with D/t ratios from 19 to 94 experimentally and 18 to 100 theoretically. In support of this research, operators were surveyed regarding the expected dent shapes and failures that had occurred as a result of pipeline dents. The experimental portion of the work involved pipes (one 24" and several 12" NPS pipes) with controlled dents which were combined with welds and gouges. All specimens were subjected to cyclic internal pressures to study behavior in terms of fatigue. Elastic and plastic finite element analyses were conducted to determine stress concentration factors due to dents so that a fatigue analysis could be performed. Both the experimental and theoretical research indicated that plain smooth dents with depths less than 5% of the diameter should not be a problem (regardless of the D/t ratio) unless the cyclic pressure service is very severe. Experimental results demonstrated that gouge depth has a significant impact on fatigue life. Unground gouges whose depth is more than 10% of the wall cannot be counted on to have any fatigue life. The process of grinding out the gouges was found to be an excellent method of repair, even when considering gouge depths as large as 15% of the pipe wall thickness. The position of the dents relative to the longitudinal welds was not found to be a determining factor when considering reduction in fatigue life; however, dents which were placed on girth welds had considerably shorter lives than dents which were off of these welds. Classification of the gouge depths in terms of wall thickness (d/t) was found to be the most effective means for categorizing these types of defects. An analytical procedure was developed for predicting fatigue life of a pipe with plain dents subjected to cyclic pressure loading. These results were compared to experimentally obtained values.

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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.

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Moghimi, Gholamreza, and Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.

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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb > 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 > 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.

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Newton, Ronald, Joseph Riov, and John Cairney. Isolation and Functional Analysis of Drought-Induced Genes in Pinus. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568752.bard.

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Drought is a common factor limiting timber production in the U.S. and Israel. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and alleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedling survival is reduced when out planted, and growth and reproduction are often hindered by periodic droughts during later stages of tree development. Molecular and gene responses to drought stress have not been characterized. The objectives were to characterize drought-induced gene clones from these pines, to determine the effects of a growth regulator on drought tolerance, ABA levels, and drought-induced gene expression in alleppo pine, and to develop procedures for loblolly pine transformation. Nearly 20 cDNA clones influenced by gradual, prolonged drought stress have been isolated. Many of these have been shown to be induced by drought stress, whereas several others are down-regulated. These are the first drought-induced genes isolated from a pine species. Two genomic clones (lp5-1 and lp3-1) have been sequenced and characterized, and each has been found to be associated with a gene family. Clone lp5 appears to code for a cell wall protein, and clone lp3 codes for a nuclear protein. The former may be associated with changing the elastic properties of the cell wall, while the latter may be involved in signal transduction and/or protection from desiccation in the nucleus. Clone lp3 is similar to a drought-induced gene from tomato and is regulated by ABA. Several DNA sequences that are specific to induction during growth-retardation in alleppo pine by uniconazole have been identified. The active DNA species is now being identified. Promoters from genomic clones, lp3 and lp5, have been sequenced. Both are functional when fused with the gus reporter gene and transferred to other plant tissues as well as responding to a simulated drought stress. Through exodeletion analysis, it has been established that the promoter ABRE element of lp3 responds to ABA and that drought-induction of lp3 expression may also involve ABA. Stable tobacco transformants carrying either the lp5 or the lp3 promoter fused to a reporter gus gene have been obtained. The lp5lgus fusion was expressed at several stages of tobacco development and differentiation including the reproductive stage. There was no difference in phenotype between the transformants and the wild type. Embryogenesis procedures were developed for slash pine, but attempts to couple this process with gene transfer and plantlet transformation were not successful. Transformation of pine using Agrobacterium appears tractable, but molecular data supporting stable integration of the Agrobacterium-transferred gene are still inconclusive.

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ELASTIC BUCKLING OF OUTSTAND STAINLESS-CLAD BIMETALLIC STEEL PLATES SUBJECTED TO UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.274.

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The application of stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steel in various conditions such as offshore and marine environment requires members designed in different cross-sectional shapes, which consist of both internal and outstand elements. To form a comprehensive understanding of buckling behaviour of the SC bimetallic steel members, the behaviour of outstand compression plates needs to be investigated. In this study, the theoretical elastic buckling stress of outstand SC bimetallic steel plates subjected to uniformly distributed uniaxial compression is derived. Considering the position of neutral surface, the energy method and Ritz formulation are used to solve the buckling stress. Adaptation of the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) is used to modify the solution, which is further compared with finite element analyses. The influence of different parameters such as cladding configuration, clad ratio, elastic modulus ratio, aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio on the elastic buckling behaviour of SC bimetallic plates is analysed. The simplified design formulae and design requirements are summarized to form a comprehensive design method.

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ELASTIC BUCKLING OF OUTSTAND STAINLESS-CLAD BIMETALLIC STEEL PLATES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2023.19.1.5.

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The application of stainless-clad (SC) bimetallic steel in various conditions such as offshore and marine environment requires members designed in different cross-sectional shapes, which consist of both internal and outstand elements. To form a comprehensive understanding of buckling behaviour of the SC bimetallic steel members, the behaviour of outstand compression plates needs to be investigated. In this study, the theoretical elastic buckling stress of outstand SC bimetallic steel plates subjected to uniformly distributed uniaxial compression is derived. Considering the position of neutral surface, the energy method and Ritz formulation are used to solve the buckling stress. Adaptation of the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) is used to modify the solution, which is further compared with finite element analyses. The influence of different parameters such as cladding configuration, clad ratio, elastic modulus ratio, aspect ratio and width-to-thickness ratio on the elastic buckling behaviour of the SC bimetallic plates is analysed. The simplified design formulae and design requirements are summarized to form a comprehensive design method.

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BUCKLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE STEEL PLATE IN STEEL – CONCRETE – STEEL SANDWICH COMPOSITE TOWER FOR WIND TURBINE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.7.

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To solve the problem of collapses caused by local buckling of steel plates under compression in traditional steel towers, a novel steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich composite tower for a wind turbine is proposed in this paper. To study the buckling behaviour of steel plates in SCS sandwich composite towers, six specimens were designed and tested under axial compression. The specimens were designed considering the key parameters of curvature radius, thickness of the steel plate, and the spacing-to-thickness ratio (the ratio of stud spacing to the thickness of steel plate). The failure modes, normalised average stress-strain curves and load-strain curves of the specimens were assessed, and the effects of the curvature radius and the spacing-to-thickness ratio of the steel plate were analysed. The experimental results showed that the buckling strength of the steel plate increased with a decrease in the ratio of the curvature radius to the thickness of the steel plate. The finite element (FE) model of the elastic buckling stress of the steel plate of the SCS sandwich composite tower was employed and validated against the test results. In parametric study, the effects of governing parameters including the curvature radius of the steel plate, thickness of the steel plate and spacing of the studs, on the effective length factors of the inner and outer steel plates were analysed. Subsequently, the design rules of the effective length factor of the inner and outer steel plates, and the design methods of spacing of studs to prevent local instability of the inner and outer steel plates before yielding were proposed.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRAW BALE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.038.

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In this paper, uniaxial compression tests of rice straw bales and plastered straw bales were conducted to study their mechanical performance under uniaxial load. The uniaxial compression test of straw bales showed that the elastic modulus of straw bales increased with the increase of the initial density of straw bales. During the compression process, the elastic modulus of straw bales gradually increased. The Maxwell model can be used to simulate the compression curve of straw bales well . The compression test of plastered straw bales shows that under the same pressure, the compression amount of plastered straw bales is much smaller than that of straw bales. The energy dissipation of straw bales is better than that of plastered straw bales. The strength and thickness of plaster are the factors affecting the strength of plastered straw bale. Reinforcement plaster can improve the strength and elastic modulus of plastered straw bale, and straw can provide effective lateral support for plaster.

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LOCAL BUCKLING (WRINKLING) OF PROFILED METAL-FACED INSULATING SANDWICH PANELS – A PARAMETRIC STUDY. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.248.

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This study aims to investigate the effects of various parameters including the height of the profiling region, spacing of profiling ribs, length of the panel, thickness and modulus of the foam core, and thickness of the profiled face sheet, on the local buckling capacity of profiled metal faced insulating sandwich panels. A simplified finite element (FE) modeling approach that models the profiled face sheet as a folded plate structure resting on elastic foundation is adopted. This modeling approach was validated through comparison with tests results and 3D FE modeling of the entire sandwich structure in a previous study conducted by the authors. The two-parameter elastic foundation properties are determined using a modified nonlinear Vlasov foundation model. The results show that all the above-mentioned parameters play important roles in controlling the buckling capacity of the panel. However, the slenderness ratio of the panel is the most dominant parameter among all. Understanding the influence of each of the aforementioned parameters aids in the design process of such panels and provides insight into their local buckling response.

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