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Journal articles on the topic 'Thin dielectric resonator'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Kogut, A. E., M. T. Islam, E. A. Kogut, Z. E. Eremenko, and R. S. Dolia. "Increasing the Q-factor of thin planar dielectric resonator with whispering gallery modes." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000525.

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AbstractThe spectral and energy characteristics of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonator with the movable metal mirror are researched. It is found that the high-Q HE-polarized whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are effectively excited in such a resonator by the dielectric waveguide. A mode set of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonator depends on the presence of an air gap in its design. Changing the height of the air gap affects the energy characteristics of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonators (DR). Shifting the resonant fields of WGMs from the dielectric disk to the air gap is the reason for this effect. It is shown that at certain heights of the air gap, increasing the unloaded Q-factor of the tunable thin planar DR and improving the excitation efficiency of WGMs in it is achieved.

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2

Dahan, Yakir, Eldad Holdengreber, Elichai Glassner, Oz Sorkin, Shmuel E. Schacham, and Eliyahu Farber. "Measurement of Electrical Properties of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films in the VHF Range." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123360.

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A new measurement technique of electrical parameters of superconducting thin films at the Very High Frequency (VHF) range is described, based on resonators with microstrip (MS) structures. The design of an optimal resonator was achieved, based on a thorough theoretical analysis, which is required for derivation of the exact configuration of the MS. A theoretical model is presented, from which an expression for the attenuation of a MS line can be derived. Accordingly, simulations were performed, and an optimal resonator for the VHF range was designed and implemented. Production constraints of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) limited the diameter of the sapphire substrate to 3″. Therefore, a meander configuration was formed to fit the long λ/4 MS line on the wafer. By measuring the complex input reflection coefficients of a λ/4 resonator, we extracted the quality factor, which is mainly affected by the dielectric and conductor attenuations. The experimental results are well fitted by the theoretical model. The dielectric attenuation was calculated using the quasi-static analysis of the MS line. An identical copper resonator was produced and measured to compare the properties of the YBCO resonator in reference to the copper one. A quality factor of ~6·105 was calculated for the YBCO resonator, three orders of magnitude larger than that of the copper resonator. The attenuation per unit length of the YBCO layer was smaller by more than five orders of magnitude than that of the copper.

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3

Zolotukhin, D., A. Tyunkov, and Y. Yushkov. "Evaluation of magnetic properties of thin magneto-dielectric films deposited from beam plasma in medium vacuum." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012073.

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Abstract By electron-beam evaporation of a solid state dielectrics (alumina ceramics) and a magnetic material (steel-3) in fore-vacuum, thin films of several μm, possessing both dielectric and magnetic properties, were deposited on a substrate. The work shows that the microstrip resonator method can be used to assess the presence of magnetic properties in films.

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4

Prosviryakova, Mar'yana, Irina Ershova, Ol'ga Mihaylova, Galina Novikova, and Bulat Ziganshin. "DEFROSTING OF ANIMAL COLOSTRUM IN A RING RESONATOR OF ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY INSTALLATION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-79-83.

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The article is devoted to the development of a two-resonator ultra-high-frequency (UHF) installation for defrosting and warming up animal colostrum, which ensures electromagnetic safety during continuous operation. As well as the development and study of the parameters of a microwave installation, which allows defrosting and uniformly warming up colostrum of animals in the field of a standing wave in the electromagnetic field of a traveling wave. A microwave installation is described with working chambers arranged in tiers in the form of an annular and conical resonators, containing, respectively, dielectric containers and dielectric conical plates. The out-of-limit waveguide is calculated and the radiation of the electric field through the loading hole is considered in the absence of the out-of-limit waveguide at a distance from the ring resonator that is greater than the wavelength. For uniform defrosting of colostrum in plastic bottles, they should be moved in a ring resonator and the magnetrons should be positioned with a shift of 120 degrees around the perimeter. Then the resulting strength of the electric field consisting of several initial fields will be equal to the vector sum of their strengths. To achieve a high heating rate of raw materials in the region of positive temperatures, it is necessary to provide a condition for heating a thin layer of liquid with the help of coaxially located conical dielectric trays

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5

Pompeo, N., K. Torokhtii, and E. Silva. "Dielectric Resonators for the Measurements of the Surface Impedance of Superconducting Films." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0022.

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Abstract We present the development, realization and setup of dielectric resonators, for the purpose of measuring the surface impedance at microwave frequencies of superconducting thin films. We focus on resonators designed to operate in dc magnetic fields, optimized for the measurements of the variation of the surface impedance with the applied field. Two resonators, operating at 8 and 48 GHz, are presented. We discuss different approaches to the measurement of the resonator parameters, with particular attention to the nonidealities of real setups in a cryogenic environment. Finally, we present some sample measurement of high-Tc and low-Tc superconducting films.

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6

Pyrz, Matthew, Michael T. Lanagan, Steven E. Perini, Thomas Neuberger, Fang Chen, and Elena Semouchkina. "Optimization of Electromagnetic Coupling to Ceramic Resonators for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-tp26.

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Research into the properties of dielectric resonators can provide insight to potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology as replacements for the radiofrequency (RF) coils used in current designs. Increasing the strength of the external magnetic field offers several advantages, including improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral resolution. However, this increase in field strength may require an alternative coil design as traditional RF coils have numerous difficulties at higher frequencies such as low quality factor. A potential solution may be to replace these coils with dielectric resonators. The objective of this research project is aimed at gathering information pertinent to dielectric resonators with various boundary conditions. Specifically, probe design and alternative coupling methods were investigated using network analyzers to provide insight into methods that could increase power supplied to the resonator, allowing it to generate strong RF magnetic fields within MRI equipment. By implementing a full loop probe design around the ceramic resonator, the effective power transmission was increased by 70.6% to −9.60 dB in the experimental design and by 75.7% to −15.6 dB when it was used in the MRI probe. However, this strong increase in signal transmission, made possible through the replacement of the original 12 mm diameter coil, had unintentional consequences in that the resonant frequency could be tuned to a minimum of 605 MHz instead of the ideal 600 MHz. In order to correct for this, a thin plate of CaTiO3 was added to the side of the existing resonator disk to achieve a lower resonant frequency.

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7

Kogut, A. Ye, I. K. Kuzmichev, R. S. Dolia, S. O. Nosatiuk, Ye A. Shulha, and He Jaochan. "A shielded planar dielectric resonator with whispering gallery modes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 63, no. 4 (January 12, 2019): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2018-63-4-478-485.

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The spectral and energy characteristics of two planar dielectric resonators (DRs), open and shielded from the curvilinear surface, excited in higher-order modes as whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in Ka-waveband are investigated. These resonators are formed by a thin (compared to the operating wavelength) disk dielectric structure, located between two conducting planes. Thus, the E-field of the resonator was limited along the height of the planar disk by two conducting surfaces. The resonance properties of such a structure are determined by the condition of total internal reflection of waves from the internal curvilinear surface of a dielectric disk. The carried out investigations shown that the unloaded Q-factor is increased at the arrangement of planar dielectric disk inside the ring metal shield at the certain ratio of the radiuses of the shield and dielectric disk. The Q-factor of the shielded resonant structure at the high-frequency edge increases to 40 %. The partial displacement of the resonant field of the WGMs modes from the dielectric to the air gap is the cause of this effect. It leads to decrease in losses in the dielectric material. A computer simulation of the WGMs fields in the planar DR was carried out using the CST Microwave Studio 2013 software to confirm this effect. In addition, computer simulation results shown that these WGMs in the planar DR are characterized by a homogeneous distribution of the resonant field along the axial coordinate. The perspectives of using planar DR in solid-state Ka-band oscillators are shown.

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8

Wang, Naizhi, Larbi Talbi, Qingsheng Zeng, and Jiadong Xu. "Wideband Fabry-Perot Resonator Antenna With Electrically Thin Dielectric Superstrates." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 14966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2810085.

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9

Sabouni, A., and A. A. Kishk. "Dual-Polarized, Broadside, Thin Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Microwave Imaging." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2252142.

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10

Kataria, N. D., Mukul Misra, and R. Pinto. "Sensitivity of surface resistance measurement of HTS thin films by cavity resonator, dielectric resonator and microstrip line resonator." Pramana 58, no. 5-6 (May 2002): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-002-0235-9.

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11

Junker, Gregory P., Ahmed A. Kishk, Darko Kejfez, Allen W. Glisson, and Jing Guo. "Input impedance of microstrip-slot-coupled dielectric resonator antennas mounted on thin dielectric layers." International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering 6, no. 3 (May 1996): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-6301(199605)6:3<174::aid-mmce3>3.0.co;2-r.

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12

Chen, Xiaochuan, Pengxia Liang, Qian Wu, Qiaofeng Tan, and Xue Dong. "Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Resonator Constituted of Quantum Dots and Thin Film Resonant Cavity for High-Efficiency Reflective Color Filter." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112813.

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Conventional color filters selectively absorb a part of the backlight while reflecting or transmitting other light, resulting in the problem of low efficiency and energy wasting. For this problem, a new concept of fluorescence enhanced optical resonator was proposed and verified in this paper. The new structure consists of structural color filter and light-conversion material. Specially, a thin film resonant cavity was designed, and InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots were inserted inside the resonator. When illuminated by sunlight, the novel fluorescence enhanced optical resonator could not only reflect the specific light, but also convert absorbed energy into desired light, leading to the utilization efficiency improvement of solar energy. An all-dielectric red fluorescence enhanced optical resonator was fabricated, with peak equivalent reflectance up to 105%. Compared with a thin film resonator, the enhancement coefficient of the as-proposed structure is about 124%. The new optical structure can utilize solar source efficiently, showing application potential as the next generation of reflective color filters for display.

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13

Jacob, M. V., J. Mazierska, K. Leong, D. Ledenyov, and J. Krupka. "Surface resistance measurements of HTS thin films using SLAO dielectric resonator." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 2909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2003.812044.

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14

Yoo, Hyun Jun, Jong Chel Kim, Arsen Babajayan, Song Hui Kim, and Kie Jin Lee. "Nondestructive and Non-Contact Characterization Technique for Metal Thin Films Using a Near-Field Microwave Microprobe." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1457.

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We observed the surface resistance of metal thin films by a nondestructive characterization method using a near-field scanning microwave microprobe (NSMM). The NSMM system was coupled to a dielectric resonator with a distance regulation system. To demonstrate the ability of local microwave characterization, the surface resistance dependence of the metallic thin films has been mapped nondestructively.

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15

Abu, Maisarah, Nur Asyrani Mohd Asari, Khairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffin, Nurul Najwa Md Yusof, and Eryana Eiyda Hussin. "Bendable Hexagonal Resonator Designs for Chipless Tag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 850 (August 2016): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.850.82.

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This paper presented a new design of bendable hexagonal resonator for chipless RFID tag. A linearly polarized plane wave and Radar Cross Section (RCS) probes were used in simulation set-up. The optimized resonator was fabricated on a thin fast-film substrate with dielectric constant, εr=2.7 and substrate thickness, t = 0.13 mm. The fabricated resonator consisted of 3 hexagonal slots which represented three bit 1s. The measurement was performed to validate the designed resonator. It was measured using two transmitting and receiving horn antennas along with the network analyzer. The measured magnitudes were-24.292 dB, -28.854 dB and-32.234 dB.

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16

Mishra, Nipun K., Soma Das, and Dinesh K. Vishwakarma. "Wideband High Gain Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for X-Band Applications." Frequenz 73, no. 3-4 (February 25, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0092.

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Abstract In present work a wide band and high gain cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna working in X-band has been designed and validated experimentally. First the bandwidth of the antenna has been enhanced by placing the thin dielectric layer between antenna and feed network. Next gain of the antenna has been increased by placing a layer of high dielectric material at nearly λ/2 distance as superstrate. The proposed design with impedance bandwidth of 3 GHz and gain nearly 11dBi could be used in satellite communication and other wideband wireless applications operating in X-band.

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17

Молчанов, Віталій Іванович, Валерій Маркович Пашков, Дмитро Дмитрович Татарчук, and Антон Сергійович Франчук. "Measurement of the microwave parameters of the dielectric materials by the method of thin dielectric resonator." Electronics and Communications 20, no. 1 (July 23, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2015.20.1.38354.

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18

Sudakov, V. F. "Eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of a ring optical resonator with thin dielectric plates." Quantum Electronics 39, no. 2 (February 28, 2009): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2009v039n02abeh013803.

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19

Tsai, Ching-Long, Sheng-Ming Deng, Tsung-Wen Chen, and Yung Cheng Chang. "A folded thin-wire monopole antenna loaded by a rectangular dielectric resonator." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 4 (2008): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23268.

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20

Bovtun, V., S. Veljko, A. Axelsson, S. Kamba, N. Alford, and J. Petzelt. "MICROWAVE CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN FERROELECTRIC FILMS WITHOUT ELECTRODES BY COMPOSITE DIELECTRIC RESONATOR." Integrated Ferroelectrics 98, no. 1 (June 13, 2008): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580802092225.

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21

Krupka, J., Wei-Te Huang, and Mean-Jue Tung. "Complex Permittivity Measurements of Thin Ferroelectric Films Employing Split Post Dielectric Resonator." Ferroelectrics 335, no. 1 (July 2006): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190600689415.

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22

Wang, Chen, Yang Yang, Lifeng Qin, Shenglin Ma, and Yufeng Jin. "A Strategy for Extracting Full Material Coefficients of AlN Thin Film Based on Resonance Method." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040513.

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AlN thin film is widely used in piezoelectric MEMS devices, and the accurate characterizations of its material coefficients are critical for the optimization of the AlN thin film process and the design of AlN thin-film-based devices. However, it is difficult to extract the material coefficients of AlN in the form of thin film. This paper reports a strategy for systematically extracting full elastic coefficients, piezoelectric coefficients and dielectric constants of c-axis-oriented AlN thin film based on the resonance method outlined in IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity Std 176-1987. In this strategy, four self-suspended resonators with length thickness extension (LTE), thickness extension (TE), radial extension (RE), lateral electric field excited thickness shear (LEF-TS) modes together with a lamb wave resonator (LWR) are specifically adopted, and the material coefficients of AlN thin film are extracted by measuring the impedance spectra of these resonators. In addition, the effects of the pad and electrodes on the resonators were systematically studied, and the corresponding procedures to eliminate their influences on the extraction accuracy of material coefficients were proposed. Finally, a complete extraction process based on the above strategy was established. The simulation results show that the strategy can achieve high accuracy for AlN thin film with different thicknesses and electrode configurations, and it can also be applied to other materials belonging to the 6 mm piezoelectric crystal class such as ZnO, ScAlN, etc.

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23

Dong, Guoxiang, Song Xia, Yongyong Zhuang, Hongyu Shi, Zhan Zhang, Yuchen He, Anxue Zhang, Xiaoyong Wei, and Zhuo Xu. "Wideband polarization-independent anomalous reflection metasurface with multiple resonance modes." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 07, no. 02 (April 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x17500102.

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An ultra-thin metasurface is proposed to realize wideband polarization-independent anomalous reflection. The sub-wavelength resonator can produce different resonance modes, which are the result of the combined effect of dielectric and the metallic structure. The gradient metasurface is done by six discrete orientation of the local sub-wavelength resonator which provides a phase gradient. The simulation and measured results show that 9[Formula: see text]GHz bandwidth of the anomalous reflection is achieved.

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24

Misra, M., N. D. Kataria, R. Pinto, M. Tonouchi, and P. Srivastava. "Sensitivity of R/sub s/-measurement of HTS thin films by three prime resonant techniques: cavity resonator, dielectric resonator, and microstrip resonator." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 4 (2001): 4128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.979855.

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25

Gupta, Vaibhav, Bhargav Yelamanchili, Simin Zou, Tamara Isaacs-Smith, John A. Sellers, David B. Tuckerman, and Michael C. Hamilton. "Distinguishing Dielectric Loss From Superconductor Loss Using Flexible Thin-Film Superconducting Resonator Structures." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29, no. 5 (August 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2019.2902756.

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26

Dudorov, S. N., D. V. Lioubtchenko, J. A. Mallat, and A. V. Raisanen. "Differential Open Resonator Method for Permittivity Measurements of Thin Dielectric Film on Substrate." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 54, no. 5 (October 2005): 1916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2005.853352.

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27

Luo, Zhiyou, Shijun Ji, Ji Zhao, Zhenze Liu, and Handa Dai. "An ultra-thin flexible conformal four-band metamaterial absorber applied in S-/C-/X-band." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 045813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5bbe.

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Abstract In recent years, many kinds of multiband metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) have sprung up. However, most of their dielectric layers were filled with rigid dielectric materials, which has many limitations in practical application. In this paper, an ultra-thin flexible conformal four-band metamaterial absorber (FMMA) is presented based on the dielectric material of polyimide (PI), and its thickness is only 0.0047 of the wavelength at the lowest absorption frequency. The top resonator is adopted a hollow structure, which is different from the common strip and ring structure, providing a novel idea for multiband absorber design. The proposed FMMA achieved four absorption peaks with an absorptivity higher than 90% from S-band to X-band. Meanwhile, in both TE and TM modes, it is insensitive to polarized waves and maintains good absorption under a wide incident angle. The experiment is carried out to demonstrate that the FMMA has satisfactory absorption performance. Due to its flexible conformal characteristic and good absorption performance, the FMMA can be applied in electromagnetic shielding of a curved surface, meteorological satellite, and radar detection.

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28

MANSOUR, MOHAMED M., MOSTAFA A. ELMALA, ABDEL-AZIZ T. SHALABY, and EL-SAYED M. EL-RABAIE. "THIN FILM FERROELECTRIC TUNABLE ZEROTH-ORDER RESONATOR BASED ON CRLH METAMATERIALS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 01 (January 2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500133.

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In this paper, we propose a tunable CRLH ZOR based on the latest resurgent of ferroelectric materials. It is known that for most resonant structures, attainment of optimal performance requires some level of additional tuning through either mechanical means (i.e., with tuning screws) or other coupling mechanisms. Therefore, incorporation of electronic tuning into high temperature superconductor (HTS) material components without degradation of performance is very attractive. The result will be low-loss microwave components that could be fine-tuned for optimal performance, with the additional attribute of being tunable over a broadband frequency range. The dielectric properties of the ferroelectric thin film, and the thickness of the ferroelectric film, play a fundamental role in the frequency or phase tunability and the overall insertion loss of the circuit. The main driving force toward using the ferroelectric is the potential for substantial miniaturization of microwave components and systems and the potential for integration with microelectronic circuits due to the development of thin and thick film ferroelectric technology. The ZOR is designed, and simulated by the full-wave analysis software. The response shows a variation of electromagnetic characteristics with the applied electric field, ferroelectric thickness and the operating temperature.

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29

Harrington, T. E., J. Wosik, and S. A. Long. "Open resonator mode patterns for characterization of anisotropic dielectric substrates for HTS thin films." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 1861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.620947.

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30

Abbas, Farhat. "Microwave Q-factor of a dielectric resonator sandwiched between two thin films of superconductor." Journal of Superconductivity 8, no. 3 (June 1995): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00728170.

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31

Liu, Chuanbao, Changxin Wang, Junhong Chen, Yanjing Su, Lijie Qiao, Ji Zhou, and Yang Bai. "Ultrasensitive Frequency Shifting of Dielectric Mie Resonance near Metallic Substrate." Research 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9862974.

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Dielectric resonators on metallic surface can enhance far-field scattering and boost near-field response having promising applications in nonlinear optics and reflection-type devices. However, the dependence of gap size between dielectric resonator and metallic surface on Mie resonant frequency is complex and desires a comprehensive physical interpretation. Here, we systematically study the effect of metallic substrate on the magnetic dipole (MD) resonant frequency at X-band by placing a high permittivity CaTiO3 ceramic block on metallic substrate and regulating their gap size. The simulated and experimental results show that there are two physical mechanisms to codetermine the metallic substrate-induced MD frequency. The greatly enhanced electric field pair in the gap and the coupling of MD resonance with its mirror image are decisive for small and large gaps, respectively, making the MD resonant frequency present an exponential blue shift first and then a slight red shift with increasing gap size. Further, we use the two mechanisms to explain different frequency shifting properties of ceramic sphere near metallic substrate. Finally, taking advantage of the sharp frequency shifting to small gaps, the ceramic block is demonstrated to accurately estimate the thickness or permittivity of thin film on metallic substrate through a governing equation derived from the method of symbolic regression. We believe that our study will help to understand the resonant frequency shifting for dielectric particle near metallic substrate and give some prototypes of ultrasensitive detectors.

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32

Marrocco, Valeria, Vito Basile, Ilaria Marasco, Giovanni Niro, Luigi Melchiorre, Antonella D’Orazio, Marco Grande, and Irene Fassi. "Rapid Prototyping of Bio-Inspired Dielectric Resonator Antennas for Sub-6 GHz Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091046.

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Bio-inspired Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) are engaging more and more attention from the scientific community due to their exceptional wideband characteristic, which is especially desirable for the implementation of 5G communications. Nonetheless, since these antennas exhibit peculiar geometries in their micro-features, high dimensional accuracy must be accomplished via the selection of the most suitable fabrication process. In this study, the challenges to the manufacturing process presented by the wideband Spiral shell Dielectric Resonator Antenna (SsDRA), based on the Gielis superformula, are addressed. Three prototypes, made of three different photopolymer resins, were manufactured by bottom-up micro-Stereolithography (SLA). This process allows to cope with SsDRA’s fabrication criticalities, especially concerning the wavy features characterizing the thin spiral surface and the micro-features located in close proximity to the spiral origin. The assembly of the SsDRAs with a ground plane and feed probe was also accurately managed in order to guarantee reliable and repeatable measurements. The scattering parameter S11 trends were then measured by means of a Vector Network Analyzer, while the realized gains and 3D radiation diagrams were measured in the anechoic chamber. The experimental results show that all SsDRAs display relevant wideband behavior of 2 GHz at −10 dB in the sub-6 GHz range.

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33

Zahedi, Amir, Farhad A. Boroumand, and Hadi Aliakbrian. "Analytical transmission line model for complex dielectric constant measurement of thin substrates using T-resonator method." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 14, no. 15 (December 16, 2020): 2027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2019.1117.

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34

Carlberg, Ulf, Anders Eriksson, and Per-Simon Kildal. "Efficient computation of a high-Q resonator realized by a thin-film multilayer metal/dielectric structure." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 44, no. 1 (2004): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20543.

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35

Rejab, Nik Akmar, Mohamadariff Othman, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ahmad, Mohd Fadzil Ain, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad. "(Ba0.93Nd0.07)TiO3 thin films prepared by sol–gel method as a potential dielectric resonator antenna application." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-010-2338-y.

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36

Mourachkine, A. P. "Dielectric resonator for measuring the magnetic penetration depth at low temperature in high‐Tc superconducting thin films." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 11 (November 1995): 5282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146099.

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37

Klein, N., U. D�hne, U. Poppe, N. Tellmann, K. Urban, S. Orbach, S. Hensen, G. M�ller, and H. Piel. "Microwave surface resistance of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 thin films at 18.7 GHz measured by a dielectric resonator technique." Journal of Superconductivity 5, no. 2 (April 1992): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00618067.

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38

Dharmavarapu, Raghu, Ken-ichi Izumi, Ikufumi Katayama, Soon Hock Ng, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Mark J. Tobin, Aleksandr Kuchmizhak, Yoshiaki Nishijima, Shanti Bhattacharya, and Saulius Juodkazis. "Dielectric cross-shaped-resonator-based metasurface for vortex beam generation at mid-IR and THz wavelengths." Nanophotonics 8, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0112.

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AbstractMetasurfaces are engineered thin surfaces comprising two-dimensional (2D) arrays of sub-wavelength-spaced and sub-wavelength-sized resonators. Metasurfaces can locally manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light with high spatial resolution. In this paper, we report numerical and experimental results of a vortex-beam-generating metasurface fabricated specifically for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) wavelengths. The designed metasurface consists of a 2D array of dielectric cross-shaped resonators with spatially varying length, thereby providing the desired spatially varying phase shift to the incident light. The metasurface was found to be insensitive to the polarization of the incident light. The dimensions of the cross-resonators were calculated using rigorous finite-difference time-domain analysis. The spectral scalability via physical scaling of the meta-resonators is demonstrated using two vortex-generating optical elements operating at 8.8 μm (IR) and 0.78 THz. The vortex beam generated in the mid-IR spectral range was imaged using a Fourier transform IR (FTIR) imaging miscroscope equipped with a focal plane array detector. This design could be used for efficient wavefront shaping and various optical imaging applications in the mid-IR spectral range, where polarization insensitivity is desired.

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39

NURGALIEV, T. "SOME PECULIARITIES OF USING OF DIELECTRIC RESONATORS IN MICROWAVE SURFACE IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 20n21 (August 20, 2009): 4473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209063602.

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A simple equivalent circuit of the dielectric resonator technique, using for measurement of the surface resistance of the samples of non-standard dimensions, was considered and analyzed. It was shown that the coefficient (the geometry factor) relating the surface resistance of the sample to the quality factor may be different in the cases when the inductive resistance (caused by the external inductance) of the sample exceeds significantly its active resistance and when these resistances are of the same order. It was shown too, that an anomaly in the RS versus T dependence (i.e., a decreasing of the surface resistance with increase of the temperature) is possible in double layer structures with thin superconductor and metal films.

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40

Алтынников, А. Г., А. Г. Гагарин, А. В. Тумаркин, and И. В. Котельников. "Характеризация свойств пленок титаната бария-стронция и управляемых элементов на их основе в диапазоне частот 1-60 GHz." Письма в журнал технической физики 45, no. 11 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.11.47816.17777.

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The electrical properties of the tunable capacitors based on the barium-strontium titanate films and the films itself were investigated in a wide frequency range. The dielectric losses of ferroelectric films at frequencies up to 30 GHz were estimated based on the parameters of capacitors. The measurements were performed using the set of resonance techniques. Direct measurements of the film properties were carried out at a frequency of 60 GHz using the open resonator technique. The parameters of the capacitors were compared with semiconductor analogs to demonstrate the prospects of thin-film ferroelectric elements application in the millimeter wavelength range.

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41

Barannik, A. A., A. N. Stetsenko, and N. T. Cherpak. "Microwave Losses in a Quasioptical Dielectric Resonator as a Function of the Thickness of Ultra-Thin Conducting Endplates." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 65, no. 19 (2006): 1783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v65.i19.40.

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42

Kogami, Yoshinori, Kazufumi Igarashi, and Takashi Shimizu. "Measurement of Complex Permittivity of a Dielectric Thin Film by the Cylindrical Cavity Resonator Having Sliding End Plates." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 140, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.140.492.

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43

Misra, Mukul, N. D. Kataria, and G. P. Srivastava. "Analysis of sensitivity of microwave surface resistance measurement of HTS thin films using dielectric resonator with finite shield." Electronics Letters 35, no. 20 (1999): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19991174.

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44

Joler, Miroslav, Alex Noel Joseph Raj, and Juraj Bartolić. "A Simplified Measurement Configuration for Evaluation of Relative Permittivity Using a Microstrip Ring Resonator with a Variational Method-Based Algorithm." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030928.

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In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient method for determination of the relative permittivity of thin dielectric materials. An analysis that led to definition of the proper size and placement of a sample under test (SUT) on the surface of a microstrip ring resonator (MRR) was presented based on the full-wave simulations and measurements on benchmark materials. For completeness, the paper includes short descriptions of the design of an MRR and the variational method-based algorithm that processes the measured values. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated on 12 SUT materials of different thicknesses and permittivity values, and the accuracy between 0% and 10% of the relative error was achieved for all SUTs thinner than 2 mm.

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Wu, Y., S. Y. Zhou, X. Y. Wang, L. X. Cao, X. Q. Zhang, S. Luo, Y. S. He, A. A. Barannik, N. T. Cherpak, and V. N. Skresanov. "Microwave Study of ${\rm FeSe}_{0.3}{\rm Te}_{0.7}$ Thin Film by ${\rm TE}_{011}$-Mode Sapphire Dielectric Resonator." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2096174.

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46

Krupka, Jerzy, Krzysztof Derzakowski, Tomasz Zychowicz, Bradley L. Givot, William C. Egbert, and M. M. David. "Measurements of the surface resistance and conductivity of thin conductive films at frequency about 1GHz employing dielectric resonator technique." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, no. 8-9 (January 2007): 2823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.11.008.

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47

Shao, Rong Lin, Bo Li, Liu Yang, and Yong Jin Zhou. "Electrically small multiband antenna based on spoof localized surface plasmons." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 6 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019009.

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Here an electrically small multiband antenna based on spoof localized surface plasmons (LSPs) has been proposed using corrugated ring resonator printed on a thin dielectric substrate with complementary metallic spiral structure (MSS) on the ground plane. It has been found that the resonant frequencies of spoof LSPs redshift by tuning the arm length of the complementary MSS, which leads to the miniaturization of the antenna. The fabricated multiband antenna has a small size of only 0.11λ × 0.1λ, covering GSM900, GSM1800, and WiFi bands. Such electrically small multiband antenna with high gain is necessary for efficient wireless energy harvesting (WEH), which can find more applications in various areas including Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor network (WSN), etc.

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48

Farahat, Asmaa, and Khalid Hussein. "Dual-Band BSF with Enhanced Quality Factor." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360113.

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In the present work, a U-shaped CPW resonator (CPWR) with, generally, unequal arms is proposed to produce high Q-factor bandstop filter (BSF) based on broadside-coupling between the CPWR and a CPW through-line (CPWTL), which are printed on opposite faces of a thin substrate. The unequal arms of the U-shape and the finite width of the ground strips of the CPWR are shown to produce much higher Q-factor than that of equal arms and infinitely extending side ground planes. The dimensions of the CPWTL are optimized for impedance matching while the dimensions of the CPWR are optimized to obtain the highest Q-factor. The effect of the loss tangent of the dielectric substrate material on the Q-factor is investigated. It is shown that the difference between the lengths of the unequal arms of the U-shaped resonator can be used to control the Q-factor. Thanks to the computational efficiency of the employed electromagnetic simulator, enough number of trials has been successfully performed in reasonable time to arrive at the final design of the BSF. A prototype of the proposed BSF is fabricated for experimental investigation of its performance. The experimental measurements show good agreement when compared with the corresponding simulation results.

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49

Volkov, Vitaly V., Michael A. Suslin, and Jamil U. Dumbolov. "Microwave resonance method for measuring microliter volumes of free moisture in aviation fuels." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 3 (2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-3-49-56.

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One of the conditions for ensuring the safety of air transport operation is the quality of aviation fuel refueled in aircraft. Fuel quality control is a multi-parameter task that includes monitoring the free moisture content. Regulatory documents establish the content of free water no more than 0.0015% by weight. It is developed a direct electrometric microwave resonance method for controlling free moisture in aviation fuels, which consists in changing the shape of the water drops by pressing them on a solid surface inside a cylindrical cavity resonator. This can dramatically increase dielectric losses. Analytical and experimental analysis of the proposed method is carried out. The control range from 0,5 to 30 μl of absolute volume of moisture in aviation fuels with a maximum error of not morethan 25 % is justified. The sensitivity of the proposed method for monitoring microwave losses in free moisture drops transformed into a thin layer by pressing is an order of magnitude greater than the sensitivity of the method for monitoring microwave losses in moisture drops on a solid surface in a resonator. The proposed method can be used as a basis for the development of devices for monitoring the free moisture of aviation fuels in the conditions of the airfield and laboratory. The direction of development of the method is shown.

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50

Cherpak, N. T., A. A. Barannik, S. A. Bunyaev, Y. V. Prokopenko, and S. A. Vitusevich. "Measurements of Millimeter-Wave Surface Resistance and Temperature Dependence of Reactance of Thin HTS Films Using Quasi-Optical Dielectric Resonator." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 2919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2005.848634.

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