Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thick Gas Electron Multiplier

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thick Gas Electron Multiplier'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Orchard, G. M., K. Chin, W. V. Prestwich, A. J. Waker, and S. H. Byun. "Development of a thick gas electron multiplier for microdosimetry." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 638, no. 1 (May 2011): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.179.

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Li, Zhiyuan, Xianyun Ai, Yuguang Xie, Liliang Hao, Ying Wang, Hui Cui, and Li Fu. "Study on gain stability of Thick Gas Electron Multiplier." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 986 (January 2021): 164534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164534.

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Putignano, O., A. Muraro, S. Cancelli, L. Giacomelli, G. Gorini, G. Grosso, M. H. Kushoro, et al. "Design of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier based photon pre-amplifier." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): C06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/c06003.

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Abstract In this paper we present the design of a photon pre-amplifier based on a photo-cathode coated Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM). Such device is crucial in application where a weak light signal produced in a radiation detector must be amplified so that it can be carried to a photo-detector by means of optical fibres. An example of a device where a light signal must be amplified is a gamma-ray Cherenkov detector for fusion power measurements in magnetic confinement devices. In such application the active part of the detector must be located very close the plasma, typically in a harsh radiation environment where standard photodetectors cannot operate. The photon pre-amplifier allows to increase the signal generated in the active part of the detector so that it can be easily detected by the photodetector located outside the harsh environment. We present the conceptual design of a THGEM based photon pre-amplifier supported by Garfield++ simulations. The device working principle is the following: primary photons impinge on the photo-cathode and extract electrons that are accelerated by the THGEM electric field. Upon collisions with the accelerated electrons, the gas molecules in the pre-amplifier are brought to excited states and de-excite emitting scintillation photons. Since each electron excites multiple gas molecules, the scintillation photons outnumber the primary photons, leading to the amplification. In addition, we present the first observation of measurements of Nitrogen gas scintillation in a THGEM device. We devised an experimental setup consisting of a vacuum chamber containing a THGEM and an alpha particle source. The vacuum chamber is filled with pure nitrogen and is coupled to a photomultiplier tube via a view-port to detect the scintillation photons generated in the THGEM. For sake of simplicity the electrons that induce the scintillation are generated by the ionization track of an alpha particle rather than by the THGEM photo-cathode coating. A good qualitative agreement between simulations and experiment has been found, however no quantitative conclusions can be made due to the lack of N2 excitation cross sections in the Garfield++ code.
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Song, Guofeng, Yiding Zhao, Ming Shao, Yi Zhou, Jianbei Liu, and Zhiyong Zhang. "Construction and test of a transition-radiation detector prototype based on thick gas electron multiplier technology." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): P01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/01/p01024.

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Abstract A transition-radiation detector (TRD) is a powerful device for highly relativistic electron (γ ≳ 1,000) identification. Electron identification is crucial for tagging the outgoing scattered electrons in an electron-ion collider (EIC) detector. Employing a TRD at the electron forward region of an EIC detector can provide the necessary electron identification with high hadron rejection over a wide momentum range. Thick gas electron multiplier (THGEM) technology is suitable for radiation detection in modern high-energy experiments owing to its high-granularity structure, radiation hardness, high-rate capability and ease of large-area production. This study investigates a TRD prototype based on THGEM technology through soft X-ray and electron beam experiments. Geant4 simulation were extensively exploited to understand the operation of TRD prototype with different gas mixtures. Particularly, the performance of TRD prototype with an electron beam at the DESY, with argon-based gas rather than xenon-based gas, agreed well with the simulation analyses in all important aspects. Based on the consistency of the experimental and simulation results, a likelihood analysis on the simulated total energy deposit in the xenon-based working gas would suggest a pion rejection improvement with the optimization of detector design, readout electronics and identification algorithm.
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Arsia, Rahim, Mohammad Kazem Salem, Ali Negarestani, and Amir Hossein Sari. "A new approach to measure radon by Thick Gas Electron Multiplier." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 196 (July 2022): 110114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110114.

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Alon, R., M. Cortesi, A. Breskin, and R. Chechik. "Time resolution of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM)-based detector." Journal of Instrumentation 3, no. 11 (November 7, 2008): P11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/11/p11001.

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Mir, J. A., H. Natal da Luz, X. Carvalho, C. D. R. Azevedo, J. M. F. dos Santos, and F. D. Amaro. "Gain Characteristics of a 100 μm thick Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)." Journal of Instrumentation 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2015): C12006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/12/c12006.

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Bernacci, M. R., and S. H. Byun. "Development of a thick gas electron multiplier-based beta-ray detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 954 (February 2020): 161531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.209.

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Chepel, V., G. Martinez-Lema, A. Roy, and A. Breskin. "First results on FHM — a Floating Hole Multiplier." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): P05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/05/p05013.

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Abstract A proof of principle of a novel concept for event recording in dual-phase liquid xenon detectors — the Floating Hole Multiplier (FHM) — is presented. It is shown that a standard Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM), freely floating on the liquid xenon surface permits extraction of electrons from the liquid to the gas. Secondary scintillation induced by the extracted electrons in the THGEM holes as well as in the uniform field above it was observed. The first results with the FHM indicate that the concept of floating electrodes may offer new prospects for large-scale dual-phase detectors, for dark matter searches in particular.
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Orchard, Gloria M., Silvia Puddu, and Anthony J. Waker. "Design and function of an electron mobility spectrometer with a thick gas electron multiplier." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 815 (April 2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.055.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Souza, Geovane Grossi Araújo de. "X-Ray fluorescence imaging system based on Thick-GEM detectors." Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-21032019-233121/.

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GEMs (Gas Electron Multiplier) and Thick-GEMs (Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier) are MPGDs (Micropattern Gas Detector) that make part of the new generation of gaseous detectors, allowing high counting rates, low cost when compared to solid state detectors, high radiation hardness and gain when using multiple structures. Besides that, the handling and maintenance of these detectors is relatively simple, being versatile to detect different types of radiation. Therefore, these detectors are an effective alternative to build imaging systems with large sensitive area. This work consists in the study and characterization of a set of gaseous detectors, more specifically the Thick-GEMs produced in the High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Center at IFUSP, which were tested showing promising results in terms of gain, energy resolution and operational stability. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the Thick-GEMs, the X-ray fluorescence imaging system was mounted using GEMs. During this work the necessary software tools for image processing and reconstruction were developed as a parallel study in computational simulations to better understand the operation of gaseous detectors. X-ray fluorescence techniques are essential in areas such as medicine and the study of historical and cultural heritage since they are non-invasive and non-destructive. Techniques to check the authenticity of masterpieces are required and museums are gradually becoming more interested in the Physics and instrumentation needed to characterize their patrimony.
Os GEMs (Gas Electron Multiplier) e Thick-GEMs (Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier) são estruturas do tipo MPGD (Micropattern Gas Detector) que fazem parte da nova geração de detectores de radiação a gás e permitem altas taxas de contagens, baixo custo quando comparados com os detectores de estado sólido, uma elevada resistência à radiação e ganhos elevados, quando utilizadas estruturas múltiplas para multiplicação. Além disso, o manuseio e manutenção desses detectores é relativamente simples, sendo versáteis em relação à montagem podendo detectar diferentes tipos de radiação. Sendo assim, a utilização desses detectores é uma alternativa eficiente para montar um sistema de imagem com grande área sensível. Este trabalho consiste no estudo e caracterização de um conjunto de detectores gasosos, mais especificamente os Thick-GEMs produzidos pelo grupo de Física de altas energias e Instrumentação do IFUSP, que foram testados para serem empregados em um sistema de imagem de fluorescência de raios-X. Os Thick-GEMs testados apresentaram resultados promissores em termos de ganho, resolução em energia e estabilidade operacional. No entanto, devido à baixa relação sinal-ruído, um sistema de imagem de fluorescência de raios-X foi montado utilizando GEMs. Durante o trabalho as ferramentas de software necessárias para processamento e reconstrução de imagens foram desenvolvidas, assim como um estudo paralelo de simulações computacionais para entender melhor o funcionamento de detectores gasosos. Técnicas como o imageamento por fluorescência de raios-X são de suma importância pois são consideradas não invasivas e não destrutivas. Sua utilização tem uma importância imprescindível nas áreas da medicina e na análise de patrimônios histórico e cultural. Atualmente, a verificação e validação de autenticidade de obras é um requisito obrigatório e alguns museus começam a se interessar cada vez mais em áreas da Física e da instrumentação necessária para caracterizar o seu patrimônio.
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Li, Mei. "The Gas Electron Multiplier, GEM, a new detector for scanned projection radiography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57774.pdf.

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Li, Mei Carleton University Dissertation Physics. "The gas electron multiplier (GEM): a new detector for scanned projection radiography." Ottawa, 2000.

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Östling, Janina. "New Efficient Detector for Radiation Therapy Imaging using Gas Electron Multipliers." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Medical Radiation Physics (together with KI), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-857.

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Currently film is being replaced by electronic detectors for portal imaging in radiation therapy. This development offers obvious advantages such as on-line quality assurance and digital images that can easily be accessed, processed and communicated. In spite of the improvements, the image quality has not been significantly enhanced, partly since the quantum efficiency compared to film is essentially the same, and the new electronic devices also suffer from sensitivity to the harsh radiation environment. In this thesis we propose a third generation electronic portal imaging device with increased quantum efficiency and potentially higher image quality.

Due to the parallel readout capability it is much faster than current devices, providing at least 200 frames per second (fps), and would even allow for a quality assurance and adaptive actions after each accelerator pulse. The new detector is also sensitive over a broader range of energies (10 keV - 50 MeV) and can be used to obtain diagnostic images immediately prior to the treatment without repositioning the patient. The imaging could be in the form of portal imaging or computed tomography. The new detector is based on a sandwich design containing several layers of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) in combination with, or integrated with, perforated converter plates. The charge created by the ionizing radiation is drifted to the bottom of the assembly where a tailored readout system collects and digitizes the charge. The new readout system is further designed in such a way that no sensitive electronics is placed in the radiation beam and the detector is expected to be radiation resistant since it consists mainly of kapton, copper and gas.

A single GEM detector was responding linearly when tested with a 50 MV photon beam at a fluence rate of ~1010 photons mm-2 s-1 during 3-5 μs long pulses, but also with x-ray energies of 10-50 keV at a fluence rate of up to ~108 photons mm-2 s-1. The electron transmission of a 100 μm thick Cu plate with an optical transparency of ~46% was found to be ~15.4%, i.e. the effective hole transmission for the electrons was about one third of the hole area. A low effective GEM gain is enough to compensate for the losses in converters of this dimension. A prototype for the dedicated electronic readout system was designed with 50 x 100 pixels at a pitch of 1.27 mm x 1.27 mm. X-ray images were achieved with a single GEM layer and also in a double GEM setup with a converter plate interleaved. To verify the readout speed a Newton pendulum was imaged at a frame rate of 70 fps and alpha particles were imaged in 188 fps. The experimental studies indicates that the existing prototype can be developed as a competitive alternative for imaging in radiation therapy.

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FALLAVOLLITA, FRANCESCO. "Tecnologia "Triple-Gas Electron Multiplier" per futuri aggiornamenti dell'esperimento CMS: costruzione e certificazione dei rivelatori CMS GE1/1 e studi di longevità." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1239046.

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Starling, Elizabeth Rose. "Detection and Mitigation of Propagating Electrical Discharges Within the Gas Electron Multiplier Detectors of the CMS Muon System for the CERN HL-LHC." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315833.

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In preparation for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detector is undergoing a series of upgrades to its existing infrastructure, and is adding in several completely new subdetector systems. The first of these new systems, called GE1/1, is a series of 144 gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors, arranged as 36 two-detector "superchambers" in each of the muon endcaps of CMS. These detectors are a subtype of micropattern gas detectors, and consist of three layers of "GEM foils", thin sheets of polyimide coated with 5 um of copper on each side and chemically etched with holes of 50 - 70 um diameter at a pitch of 140 um. These layers are stacked on top of a printed circuit board (PCB) readout and sealed within a gastight volume that is filled with Ar:CO2 70:30, and a high voltage is applied to the foils to create electric fields within the GEM detectors. When a muon enters the detector and ionizes the gas within, the ionized electrons encounter these fields and multiply in Townsend avalanches at each successive foil layer, until they are read out at the readout PCB at a gain of ~10^4. In early 2017, a demonstrator system known as the "slice test" was installed into the negative endcap. Consisting of 10 GEM detectors, the two-year-long slice test served as both a proof of concept for the GE1/1 system and an invaluable learning experience that would permanently impact not only the GE1/1 project, but future GEM systems GE2/1 and ME0 as well. During the slice test, it was observed that readout channels were being lost in the course of operation to such a degree that the operational lifetime of the system was in serious jeopardy. These losses were attributed to damage to the front-end readout ASIC (VFAT) inputs, caused propagating electrical discharges within the detectors, and a dedicated campaign to study the discharges was launched. The results of this study will be presented in this dissertation. A campaign to mitigate these discharges and their resulting damage was launched. In order to protect the sensitive VFAT from damage, several external protection circuits were proposed and thoroughly tested. The results of these tests, which are presented herein, determined that a series of resistors totaling 470 Ohms would be installed on the VFAT hybrid. When coupled with an additional 200 kOhm resistor on the HV filter, this reduced the probability of damage following a discharge from 93% to 3% As GE2/1 and ME0 are not due to be installed for another few years, more complex discharge-prevention measures can be put into place. As such, the following measures have been examined, and results will be discussed herein: A new, larger VFAT hybrid is being manufactured, whose larger surface area can accommodate more robust protection circuits than those considered and used for GE1/1. As well, double-segmented GEM foils, in which both the top and bottom of each foil is segmented into < 100 cm^2 sectors that are separated by resistors, were examined for use in the detectors. These double-segmented foils were found to introduce a cross-talk signal in the detectors that results in false signals being treated as true signals, which causes a saturation of the GEM bandwidth and results in unwanted dead time. These cross-talk signals, as well as the compromises made to reduce the cross-talk while maintaining robust discharge prevention, will be discussed.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Seydaliev, Marat Radikovich. "Development and Test of a GEM-Based TEPC for Neutron Protection Dosimetry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14607.

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The effective dose equivalent, H (or the effective dose, E ) to an individual is the primary limiting quantity in radiation protection. However, techniques for measuring H for neutrons have not been fully developed. In this regard a new tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) based on a gas electron multiplier (GEM) for measuring H*(10), which is a conservative estimate of H, for neutrons was designed and constructed. The deposited energy distribution for two different neutron sources (a Cf-252 source and a AmBe source) was measured using the new TEPC. The measurements were performed using two different proportional gases: P-10 gas and a propane-based tissue equivalent gas at various pressures. A computer simulation of the new TEPC, based on the Monte Carlo method, was performed in order to obtain the pulse height distributions for the two neutron sources. The simulated results and the measured results were compared. Results show that the experimental results agree with the computational results within 20% of accuracy for both Cf-252 and AmBe neutron sources. A new model GEM-based TEPC was developed for use in obtaining H*(10). The value of H*(10) for the Cf-252 source and for the AmBe source using experimental measurements was obtained. These results are presented in this study. The study shows that the GEM-based TEPC can successfully estimate H*(10). With these results and some refinements, this GEM-based TEPC can directly be used as a neutron rem meter.
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Forano, Claude. "Les conducteurs protoniques : HSbO3.nH2O ET SnO2.nH2O : caracterisation, etude rmn et applications." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF21069.

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Preparation par une methode sol-gel permettant d'obtenir des materiaux de grande purete; mise en evidence de differences structurales importantes, d'une tres grande homogeneite morphologique et d'une difference importante de la taille des cristallites. Confirmation par rmn de l'existence de plusieurs especes protonees. Etude des variations de la conductivite en fonction de la temperature; influence de la teneur en eau. Mise en evidence de la relation entre la conductivite electrique et la mobilite protonique a partir de mesures des temps de relaxation et proposition d'un mecanisme de type grotthus. Elaboration de couches epaisses par serigraphie; possibilites d'application dans des dispositifs microioniques. Essais d'utilisation pour la detection de h::(2)
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Garai, Baishali. "Development and Performance Study of Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) Based Radiation Detector." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3440.

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Radiations can be classified as either ionizing or non-ionizing according to whether it ionizes or does not ionize the medium through which they propagate. X-rays photons and gamma rays are the typical examples of ionizing radiations whereas radiowave, heat or visible light are examples of non ionizing radiations. UV photons have some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be harmful to living organisms and to the natural environment. Hence the detection and measurement of radiation is very important for the well being of living organisms as well as the natural environment. Not only for safety reasons, have radiation detectors found their applications in various fields including medical physics, nuclear and particle physics, astronomy and homeland security. Industrial sectors that use radiation detection include medical imaging, security and baggage scanning, the nuclear power industry and defense. Gas electron multiplier (GEM) is one of the most successful representatives of gaseous detectors used for UV photon and X-ray photon detection. Recently there is a growing demand for large area photon detectors with sensitivity reaching to the level of single photon. They are used in spectroscopy and imaging in astronomy high energy physics experiments etc. Thick GEM (THGEM) is a mechanical expansion of standard GEM. It has all the necessary requirements needed for large area detector and offers a multiplication factor that permits efficient detection of light. Hence, the development and performance study of THGEM based radiation detector is chosen as the topic of study in the present thesis. The initial part of the thesis contains simulation studies carried out for the understanding the working of the detector and the effect of various design parameters of THGEM for the above said applications. Different steps for the fabrication of THGEM and the technical challenges faced during the process are discussed. In the view of application of the fabricated THGEM for UV photon detection, cesium iodide photocathode is prepared using thin film technology and characterized. The performance of the photocathode under various operating conditions is studied in terms of its photoemission property. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photoemission property of the photocathode exposed to moist air is studied in detail. A major portion of this thesis focuses on maximizing the detection efficiency of the UV photon detector realized using the fabricated THGEM coupled with the cesium iodide photocathode. Simulations are used at different stages to interpret the experimental observations. The electron spectrum obtained from the detector under study was analyzed. The dependence of secondary effect like photon feedback on the operating parameters is also discussed. The last portion of the thesis deals with the application of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance is evaluated in terms of the gain and energy resolution achieved. The thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 is divided into two sections. Section A gives a general introduction to different types of radiation detectors found in the present day and their working principles. This is followed by discussion about gas ionization based detector and its working principle in detail. A brief literature survey of the different types of micropattern gas detectors is also given in this section. In Section B of this chapter GEM and THGEM are introduced with discussion about their working principle and areas of application. Chapter 2 deals with the simulation study of THGEM undertaken to have a clear understanding of the detector’s working. Section A of this chapter gives an overview of the simulation tools used for the present thesis in particular ANSYS and GARFIELD. Section B presents the results of the simulation study highlighting the effects of different geometrical and operating parameters on the electric field distribution in and around the THGEM aperture. The relevance of the study to the detectors performance is discussed vividly for all the cases. In Chapter 3, the details of the different steps involved in THGEM fabrication are given. Design aspects involved, fabrication of the THGEM using standard PCB technology coupled with photolithography technique are discussed in this chapter. This is followed by an elaborate description of the test setup used for all the performance study. Preface In the view of application of THGEM as a UV photon detector, cesium iodide photocathode was prepared and characterized. Chapter 4 discusses about the CsI photocathode preparation and its characterization for the above said application. Photoemission property of the photocathode was analyzed under various operating parameters. The effect of vacuum treatment on the photocathode performance is a new aspect of this thesis. Its correlation with the microstructure of the film is reported for the first time. Chapter 5 deals with the application of THGEM as a UV photon detector. The study mainly focuses on the improvement of the detection efficiency of the detector. The effect of drift parameters on the electron transfer efficiency and hence on the detection efficiency of the detector is a major contribution of this thesis. There are no literature available which discusses this aspect of a UV photon detector. The experimental study has been supported with simulation results. In addition to the study on detection efficiency, electron spectrum has also been acquired from the UV photon detector. The spectrum has been analyzed under various operating conditions. Discussions about secondary effects like photon feedback prevailing in the detector output are also present in this chapter. Chapter 6 presents the results of THGEM as an X-ray detector. The performance of the detector has been evaluated in terms of the effective gain and energy resolution achieved under different operating conditions. The gain instability with time and its uniformity across the THGEM area are also studied. The effect of drift field on the energy resolution and its correlation with ETE is a new aspect of this work. Chapter 7 summarizes the salient features of the work presented in this thesis. Also the scope of future work based on this thesis is discussed at the end of the chapter.
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Roque, Rita Joana da Cruz. "X-ray imaging using 100 µm thick Gas Electron Multipliers operating in Kr-CO2 mixtures." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86285.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Física apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O crípton é o gás nobre que possui os melhores valores de resolução espacial para energias entre 14−34 keV, o que o torna um bom candidato para aplicações de imagiologia. Além disso, a escolha de Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) com 100 μm de espessura ao invés de um GEM standard representa uma vantagem inegável; os primeiros são mais robustos a descargas, atingindo coeficientes de multiplicação semelhantes. Combinando estas duas características, é possível atingir ganhos em carga mais elevados e melhores valores de resolução espacial, o que permite obter imagens mais detalhadas no intervalo de energias 14−34 keV. Uma cascata de dois GEMs não convencionais (com o dobro da espessura de um GEM standard) fabricados no CERN foi associada a uma placa resistiva de leitura bidimensional, com uma área ativa de 10×10 cm2 . Esta montagem permite recolher informação sobre a energia e a posição de cada evento usando apenas quatro canais, simplificando a eletrónica associada, bem como a própria reconstrução das imagens. Este detetor foi operado em misturas baseadas em crípton e irradiado com uma fonte de 55Fe e com uma fonte contínua de raios-x. Sempre que possível, os resultados foram comparados com as medidas obtidas com uma mistura Ar-CO2 (70:30). Parâmetros como ganho em carga, resolução em energia, relação sinal ruído das imagens, resolução espacial e resposta em contraste foram determinados nestas condições. Para as misturas baseadas em crípton, verificou-se uma redução na resolução espacial para energias acima dos 18 keV. O valor da MTF a 10% no intervalo de energias 22−24 keV foi também avaliado, sendo 0.5876(342) lp/cm para Ar-CO2 (70:30) e cerca de 3 lp/cm para misturas de Kr-CO2.
Krypton is known to have the best value of position resolution amongst the noble gases within the range 14−34 keV, which makes it a good candidate for imaging applications. Also, the choosing of 100 μm thick Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) over the standard GEM plates presents an undeniable advantage as the former is more robust to sparking while achieving similar multiplication coefficients. By taking these factors into account, higher charge gains and lower values of position resolution can be achieved to produce cleaner imaging data in the energy range 14−34 keV. A cascade of two non-standard GEM plates (twice the thickness of a standard GEM) fabricated at CERN was coupled to a 2D resistive readout with an active area of 10×10 cm2. This setup allows event energy and interaction position information to be recorded using only four channels, simplifying the electronic system and the image reconstruction process. This detection system was operated in krypton-based mixtures and irradiated by a 55Fe and a continuous x-ray source. Whenever possible, the results were compared to the ones achieved in a Ar-CO2 (70:30) mixture. Parameters such as the charge gain, energy resolution, image signal-to-noise ratio, position resolution and contrast response were measured under the described conditions. For krypton-based mixtures, the reduction of position resolution happened for radiation energies higher than 18 keV. The Modulation Transfer Function value at 10% in the energy interval 22−24 keV was also evaluated, being 0.5876(342) lp/cm for Ar-CO2 (70:30) and around 3 lp/cm for Kr-CO2 mixtures.
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Books on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Vuure, T. L. Van. Thermal-neutron Detection Based on the Gas Electron Multiplier. Delft Univ Pr, 2004.

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Farahmand, Majid. Novel Tissue-equivalent Proportional Counter Based On A Gas Electron Multiplier. Delft Univ Pr, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Malhotra, Shivali, Md Naimuddin, Ashok Kumar, Mohit Gola, Anshika Bansal, and Aashaq Shah. "Various Studies with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 105–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_22.

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Gouma, P. I., and M. J. Mills. "Electron Microscopy of TiO2-based Thick Films for Gas Sensors." In Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997, 491–94. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003063056-127.

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Ahmad, Rizwan, Aashaq Shah, Ashok Kumar, Md Naimuddin, Mohit Gola, and Shivali Malhotra. "Design and Development of Gas Leakage Station for Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Chamber." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 889–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_217.

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Kumar, Hemant, Asar Ahmed, Mohit Gola, Rizwan Ahmed, Ashok Kumar, and Md Naimuddin. "Design and Development of Gas Mixing Unit for Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Chamber." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1165–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_174.

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Gola, Mohit. "Muon Chamber Endcap Upgrade of the CMS Experiment with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors and Their Performance." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 591–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_139.

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Sharma, Ram Krishna, Md Naimuddin, Brian Dorney, Jeremie Alexandre Merlin, Archana Sharma, Marek Michal Gruchala, Priyanka Kumari, and Ankita Mehta. "Test Beam Study of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors for the Upgrade of CMS Endcap Muon System." In XXII DAE High Energy Physics Symposium, 179–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_40.

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Sugi, Haruo, Tsuyoshi Akimoto, Shigeru Chaen, and Suechika Suzuki. "ATP-Induced Axial Movement of Myosin Heads in Living Thick Filaments Recorded with a Gas Environmental Chamber attached to the Electron Microscope." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 53–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6039-1_7.

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"Gas Electron Multiplier." In Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors, 99–165. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811222221_0005.

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Sauli, F. "Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detectors: Principles of Operation and Applications." In Comprehensive Biomedical Physics, 367–408. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53632-7.00625-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Tamagawa, Toru, Asami Hayato, Yorito Yamaguchi, Hideki Hamagaki, Shigehira Hashimoto, Masahide Inuzuka, Hiromasa Miyasaka, Ikuya Sakurai, Fuyuki Tokanai, and Kazuo Makishima. "Fine-pitch and thick-foil gas electron multipliers for cosmic x-ray polarimeters." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Martin J. L. Turner and Günther Hasinger. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.671244.

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Park, Seongtae, Edwin Baldelomar, Kwangjune Park, Mark Sosebee, Andy White, Jaehoon Yu, Floyd D. McDaniel, and Barney L. Doyle. "Measurement Of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Detector Characteristics." In APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: Twenty-First International Conference. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3586087.

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Park, Kwang June, Edwin Baldeloma, Seongtae Park, Andrew P. White, Jaehoon Yu, Floyd D. McDaniel, and Barney L. Doyle. "Radiation Effect On Gas Electron Multiplier Detector Performance." In APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: Twenty-First International Conference. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3586188.

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Rodriguez, S. Cesar A., S. Rafael M. Gutierrez, and V. Andres E. Jaramillo. "Optical quality control of Gas Electron Multiplier foils." In 2014 XIX Symposium on Image, Signal Processing and Artificial Vision (STSIVA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsiva.2014.7010155.

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Koike, Takahisa, Shoji Uno, Michiko Sekimoto, Takeshi Murakami, Masayoshi Shoji, Fukutarou Nagashima, Kenji Yamamoto, Eiichi Nakano, and Tomohisa Uchida. "A new gamma camera with a Gas Electron Multiplier." In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6152543.

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Zheng, Feng, Hubert George, and W. Kinzy Jones. "Simulation and Testing of Multi-Channel Electron Multiplier Using LTCC/Thick Silver Cofired Structures." In 2006 7th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2006.359848.

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Abi Akl, Maya, Othmane Bouhali, and Alfredo Castaneda. "Performance Of The Gas Electron Multiplier For Cms Muon Chambers Upgrade." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eepp0149.

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Remillard, Ronald A., Alan M. Levine, Edward A. Boughan, Hale V. Bradt, Edward H. Morgan, Ulrich J. Becker, Seppo A. A. Nenonen, and Osmi R. Vilhu. "Gas electron multiplier (GEM) detectors for an advanced x-ray monitor." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Kathryn A. Flanagan and Oswald H. W. Siegmund. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.409152.

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Kaneko, Kenta, and Takayoshi Kohmura. "Developments of gas electron multiplier for use hard X-ray detector." In SUZAKU 2011: Exploring the X-ray Universe: Suzaku and Beyond. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3696192.

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Izudike, Bright, Jaehoon Yu, Wei Chen, Xiankai Sun, Glen C. Balch, and Mingwu Jin. "Feasibility study of direct beta particle detection using gas electron multiplier." In 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069521.

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Reports on the topic "Thick Gas Electron Multiplier"

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Yu, Jaehoon, Andy White, Seongtae Park, Changhie Hahn, Edwin Baldeloma, Nam Tran, Austin McIntire, and Aria Soha. Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Chamber Characteristics Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1022784.

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Woody, Craig, and Michael Furey. Commercial and Cost Effective Production of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Foils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001785.

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Crary, David. Commercial and cost effective production of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Foils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/978340.

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Yu, Jaehoon, and Andrew White. Development of Large Area Gas Electron Multiplier Detector and Its Application to a Digital Hadron Calorimeter for Future Collider Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157667.

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