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Journal articles on the topic 'Thick Film Sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Golonka, Leszek J., Benedykt W. Licznerski, Karol Nitsch, and Helena Teterycz. "Thick-film humidity sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/1/013.

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2

Martinelli, G., and M. C. Carotta. "Thick-film gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 23, no. 2-3 (February 1995): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(95)01267-2.

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3

Chu, W. F., V. Leonhard, H. Erdmann, and M. Ilgenstein. "Thick-film chemical sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 4, no. 3-4 (June 1991): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(91)80130-c.

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4

Harsányi-Emil Hahn, Gábor. "Thick-film pressure sensors." Mechatronics 3, no. 2 (April 1993): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4158(93)90047-6.

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5

Xu, Hong Yan, Xing Qiao Chen, Ling Zhan Fang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1450.

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In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their sensor responses to acetone vapor increased, which are discussed in relation to the SEM micrographs of thick film sensors.

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6

Dziedzic, Andrzej, Leszek J. Golonka, Janusz Kozlowski, Benedykt W. Licznerski, and Karol Nitsch. "Thick-film resistive temperature sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/1/011.

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7

Tomchenko, A. A., V. V. Khatko, and I. L. Emelianov. "WO3 thick-film gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 46, no. 1 (January 1998): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(97)00315-8.

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8

White, N. M. "Thick-film/MEMS hybrid sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 76 (July 1, 2007): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/76/1/012002.

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9

Reynolds, Q. M., and M. G. Norton. "Thick Film Platinum Temperature Sensors." Microelectronics International 3, no. 1 (January 1986): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044212.

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10

Kwikkers, T. "Two Thick Film Thermal Sensors." Microelectronics International 5, no. 2 (February 1988): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044324.

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11

Duby, S., B. J. Ramsey, and D. J. Harrison. "Printed thick-film thermocouple sensors." Electronics Letters 41, no. 6 (2005): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20057988.

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12

Prudenziati, Maria, and Bruno Morten. "Thick-film sensors: an overview." Sensors and Actuators 10, no. 1-2 (September 1986): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0250-6874(86)80035-x.

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13

Belford, R. E., A. E. Owen, and R. G. Kelly. "Thick-film hybrid pH sensors." Sensors and Actuators 11, no. 4 (May 1987): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0250-6874(87)80078-1.

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14

Lee, Duk-Dong, and Dong-Han Choi. "Thick-film hydrocarbon gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 1, no. 1-6 (January 1990): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(90)80207-g.

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15

Cirri, G. F., A. Matucci, M. Minucci, G. De Cicco, B. Morten, and M. Prudenziati. "Hybrid thick-film magnetoresistive sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 32, no. 1-3 (April 1992): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(92)80061-7.

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16

Rebenklau, L., K. Irrgang, A. Wodtke, K. Augsburg, F. Bechtold, P. Gierth, H. Grießmann, L. Lippmann, and L. Niedermeyer. "Novel thermoelectric temperature sensors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, CICMT (September 1, 2015): 000230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp14.

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Nearly every industrial application needs temperature measurement. Typical temperature sensors are based on thermocouples or resistance elements. Nevertheless, these sensors are not always desired for every application. For example, temperature sensing of fluids or gases in pipes. A standard sensor inside such a material flow has an influence on the flow itself (flow resistance, turbulences) which would lead to incorrect temperature result. Additionally, application that need periodical cleaning of their pipe system (food or pharmaceutical production) can't use such sensors because of hygienically reasons. Novel thermoelectric temperature sensors, which could reduce the previously demonstrated problems have been developed as part of a research project. The basic idea of the novel sensor concept is to use thick film technology to enable novel sensor geometries. The typical use of thick film technology is realization of ceramic circuit boards, in which metal-based thick film pastes were screen printed and fired as conductive material. The sensor concept uses a combination of different commercially available metal-based pastes (platinum, silver, nickel, gold) to creates thermocouples based on the Seebeck effect.

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17

Ayyala, Sai Kiran, and James A. Covington. "Nickel-Oxide Based Thick-Film Gas Sensors for Volatile Organic Compound Detection." Chemosensors 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9090247.

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In this paper, we report on the development of a highly sensitive and humidity-tolerant metal-oxide-based volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor, capable of rapidly detecting low concentrations of VOCs. For this, we successfully fabricated two different thicknesses of nickel oxide (NiO) sensors using a spin-coating technique and tested them with seven different common VOCs at 40% r.h. The measured film thickness of the spin-coated NiO was ~5 μm (S-5) and ~10 μm (S-10). The fastest response and recovery times for all VOCs were less than 80 s and 120 s, respectively. The highest response (Rg/Ra = 1.5 for 5 ppm ethanol) was observed at 350 °C for both sensors. Sensors were also tested in two different humidity conditions (40% and 90% r.h.). The humidity did not significantly influence the observed sensitivity of the films. Furthermore, S-10 NiO showed only a 3% drift in the baseline resistance between the two humidity conditions, making our sensor humidity-tolerant compared to traditional n-type sensors. Thus, we propose thick-film NiO (10 μm) sensing material as an interesting alternative VOC sensor that is fast and humidity-tolerant.

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18

Morten, B., M. Prudenziati, G. De Cicco, A. Bianco, G. Montesperelli, and G. Gusmano. "Thick-film magnetoresistors and related sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/1/003.

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19

Lucat, C., F. Menil, and R. Von Der Mühll. "Thick-film densification for pyroelectric sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/1/006.

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20

Prudenziati, M., B. Morten, and G. De Cicco. "Piezoelectric Thick-film Materials and Sensors." Microelectronics International 12, no. 3 (September 1995): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044577.

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21

Marioli, D., E. Sardini, and A. Taroni. "Flat Type Thick Film Inductive Sensors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 26, no. 1 (2003): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.26.37.

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22

Liu, J. H., Y. H. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Ni, and H. X. Li. "Study of thick-film pH sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 14, no. 1-3 (June 1993): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)85093-p.

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23

Janoska, I., and M. R. Haskard. "Thick Film Temperature Sensors Using Standard Pastes." Active and Passive Electronic Components 12, no. 2 (1986): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1986/29575.

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Standard thick film resistor pastes exhibit changes in their electrical characteristics when printed on top of dielectric layers. Of particular interest is the inherent change in their temperature coefficient of resistance. Simple temperature sensors were formed by deliberately printing thick film resistor pastes on top of larger area dielectric layers. Temperature tests carried out on these devices have shown that by selecting the correct paste combination and resistor aspect ratio stable, repeatable, temperature sensors with good linearity can be manufactured. A comparison is made of these sensors to other commercially available products currently used in the thick film industry.

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24

Borisov, A., O. Ivanova, S. Krutovertsev, and A. Pislyakov. "Sensor Sensitivity Study of the Thin and Thick WO₃ Films to Ozone." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1834.

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Comparative study of WO3 thick film sensing features obtained by two different methods to ozone content in the air is presented. The thin films of 0.1-0.3 μ were obtained at evaporation temperature of 1100°C and pressure in chamber 1,33x10-8 bar. Films were formed by thick film technology from WO3 based paste. The films sensitivity to ozone is determined by working temperature of sensors. At the same time the characteristic stability depends on time and magnitude of temperature impulse. It was shown, that measurement sensor samples have high sensitivity to 70 ppb of ozone in the air.

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25

Rua-Taborda, Maria Isabel, Onuma Santawitee, Angkana Phongphut, Bralee Chayasombat, Chanchana Thanachayanont, Seeroong Prichanont, Catherine Elissalde, Jérome Bernard, and Helene Debeda. "Printed PZT Thick Films Implemented for Functionalized Gas Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.158.

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Attractive for MEMS, PZT thick films are often microstructured on Si supporting platforms to span the gap between ceramics and thin film technologies. Printing process might lead to lower cost than ceramic process to open routes for MEMS applications. In this paper processing by screen-printing of Au/PZT/Au thick-films supported on alumina or completely released from the substrate are described. Investigations of the film microstructures nevertheless show lower densification than those of bulk ceramics. Prior to selective coating deposition, routes to improve the reduction of the film’s porosity are proposed.

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26

Xu, Hong Yan, Teng Teng Wu, Wen Ru Li, Huan Qin Yu, Ting Zhai, Jie Qiang Wang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Low-Working-Temperature and High-NO₂-Sensing Properties of SnO₂/PANI Hybrid Material Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.503.

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In this work, SnO2 porous nanosolids were obtained from SnO2 nanopowders by using a solvo-thermal hot-press method. Then, by using the conventional thick-film sensors preparation technology, SnO2 porous thick-film gas sensor was prepared from it. Meanwhile, polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization. After that, by mechanical method, the SnO2/PANI composite gas sensors were fabricated. The intrinsic resistances and gas sensing properties of sensors to NO2, NH3, H2 and ethanol vapor were tested. Compared with the SnO2 porous gas sensors, the optimum operation temperature of SnO2/PANI hybrid gas sensors decreased dramatically. And SnO2/PANI hybrid gas sensors showed satisfying selectivity and high sensitivity for NO2.

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27

Borecki, Janusz, Aneta Araźna, Kamil Janeczek, Jerzy Kalenik, Michał Kalenik, Wojciech Stęplewski, and Rafał Tarakowski. "Piezoresistive effect in embedded thick-film resistors." Circuit World 45, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2018-0086.

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Purpose Nowadays, using of material properties for monitoring of phenomena occurring in the surrounding environment is very desirable. Taking into account the dynamic development of Internet of Things and the technological development of printed electronics, research into the using of printed electronic components for sensor applications can be one of the most prominent directions of searching for new innovative solutions. Among others, it is possible to apply them to produce the strain gauges, as well as for construction of advanced sensors for medical applications. The goal of this paper is to present the possibilities and using different constructions of embedded polymer thick-film resistors as the sensors of tension or strain. Design/methodology/approach The investigations were based on the polymer thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon–silver inks printed on copper pads made on FR-4 material on two sides. The longitudinal samples laminated with resin-coated copper foil material and without lamination were bent on a strength machine. During the tests, the resistors depending on their placement were stretched or compressed. Some of the samples were also tested under high pressure. Under the influence of applied stresses, there was a reversible change in electrical resistance, which was monitored. Findings The study showed that the polymer thick-film resistors are characterized by a measurable piezoresistive effect. By analyzing the value of the observed resistance changes, a magnitude of strain or pressure can be worked out. During the bending, the piezoresistive effect depends on the location and orientation of the resistor. After stopping of the mechanical strains, the electrical resistance of the resistive elements does not return exactly to the initial value. This is probably related to the substrate material and the resistive paste composition. The results are very promising and further research will be done. Originality/value The results provided information about the piezoresistive effect of polymer thick-film resistors printed on the deformable substrate which could be interesting for engineers involved in printed sensor development dedicated for different fields of application. This phenomenon can be used to manufacturing cheap and uncomplicated sensors to monitor deformation. There are several aspects to be solved, but with the use of new types of resistive pastes and substrates, there is a potential possibility of using such resistors as sensors.

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28

Gong, Shu Ping, Li Hua Huang, Huan Liu, Ming Li, and Dong Xiang Zhou. "Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide Thick-Film Gas Sensor for H₂S Detection." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 521–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.521.

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Nanocrystalline thick-film gas sensor was fabricated by screen printing method with CuO-doped tin oxide powder synthesized by hydrothermal method. Average grain size of the CuO-doped tin oxide powders was typically below 10 nanometers and the thick-films had a narrow grain size distribution typically below 50 nanometers. Effect of the amount of CuO on the sensing properties was investigated and the optimal value was found to be 3 wt%. The nanocrystalline CuO-SnO2 thick-film gas sensors were more sensitive to H2S than those based on commercial micro SnO2 powders, which were attractive to the detection of low concentrations of H2S gas at relative low temperatures.

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29

Aleksic, Obrad, and Pantelija Nikolic. "Recent advances in NTC thick film thermistor properties and applications." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 3 (2017): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1703267a.

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An introduction to thermal sensors and thermistor materials is given in brief. After that novel electrical components such as thick film thermistors and thermal sensors based on them are described: Custom designed NTC thermistor pastes based on nickel manganite NiM2O4 micro/nanostructured powder were composed and new planar cell-based (segmented) constructions were printed on alumina. The thick film segmented thermistors were used in novel thermal sensors such as anemometers, water flow meters, gradient temperature sensor of the ground, and other applications. The advances achieved are the consequence of previous improvements of thermistor material based on nickel manganite and modified nickel manganite such as Cu0.2Ni0.5Zn1.0Mn1.3O4 and optimization of thick film thermistor geometries for sensor applications. The thermistor powders where produced by a solid state reaction of MnCO3, NiO, CuO, ZnO powders mixed in proper weight ratio. After calcination the obtained thermistor materials were milled in planetary ball mils, agate mills and finally sieved by 400 mesh sieve. The powders were characterized by XRD and SEM. The new thick film pastes where composed of the powders achieved, an organic vehicle and glass frit. The pastes were printed on alumina, dried and sintered and characterized again by XRD, SEM and electrical measurements. Different thick film thermistor constructions such as rectangular, sandwich, interdigitated and segmented were printed of new thermistor pastes. Their properties such as electrical resistance of the thermistor samples where mutually compared. The electrode effect was measured for all mentioned constructions and surface resistance was determined. It was used for modeling and realizations of high, medium and low ohmic thermistors with different power dissipation and heat loss. Finally all the results obtained lead to thermal sensors based on heat loss for measuring the air flow, water flow, temperature gradient and heat transfer from the air to the ground.

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30

Dalawai, S. P., T. J. Shinde, A. B. Gadkari, and P. N. Vasambekar. "Ni–Zn ferrite thick film gas sensors." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 26, no. 11 (August 12, 2015): 9016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3585-z.

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31

CHU, W. "Thin and thick film electrochemical CO2 sensors." Solid State Ionics 53-56 (July 1992): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(92)90368-y.

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32

White, N. M., and J. D. Turner. "Thick-film sensors: past, present and future." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/1/002.

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33

Tankiewicz, S., B. Morten, M. Prudenziati, and L. J. Golonka. "New thick-film material for piezoresistive sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 95, no. 1 (December 2001): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00754-3.

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34

Maskell, William C., Daniel J. L. Brett, and Nigel P. Brandon. "Improvements to Zirconia Thick-Film Oxygen Sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 450 (June 26, 2013): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/450/1/012030.

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35

White, N., and A. Cranny. "Design and Fabrication of Thick Film Sensors." Microelectronics International 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044258.

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36

Ménil, F., C. Lucat, and H. Debéda. "Thick Film Technology Applied to Chemical Sensors." Microelectronics International 12, no. 1 (January 1995): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb044549.

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37

Raja, M. M., R. J. Gambino, S. Sampath, and R. Greenlaw. "Thermal Sprayed Thick-Film Anisotropic Magnetoresistive Sensors." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 4 (July 2004): 2685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.832249.

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38

Belavic, Darko, Marko Hrovat, and Marko Pavlin. "Vertical thick-film resistors as load sensors." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 21, no. 10-11 (January 2001): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(01)00157-1.

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39

Papakostas, T. V., and N. M. White. "Thick-Film Polymer Sensors for Physical Variables." Measurement and Control 33, no. 4 (May 2000): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400003300403.

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40

Lee, Duk-Dong, Byung-Ki Sohn, and Dong-Sung Ma. "Low power thick film CO gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators 12, no. 4 (November 1987): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0250-6874(87)80062-8.

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41

Sekar, Nadia Chandra, Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh, Sum Huan Ng, Liya Ge, and Swee Ngin Tan. "Simple thick-film thread-based voltammetric sensors." Electrochemistry Communications 46 (September 2014): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.003.

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42

GALANVIDAL, C. "Chemical sensors, biosensors and thick-film technology." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14, no. 5 (May 1995): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(95)91375-3.

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43

Hrovat, M., M. Zgonik, D. Belavič, and S. Maček. "Thick-film materials for heat flux sensors." Journal of Materials Science Letters 11, no. 2 (January 1992): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00724607.

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44

Ning, Tao, Mao Lin Zhang, and Yong Shun Qi. "Hydrogen Properties of Lithium Doped Stannic Oxide Thick Film Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.130.

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Gas response properties of lithium doped (1%~8%) SnO2 sensing films were investigated when exposed to hydrogen gas. Sensors were prepared by thick film technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the crystal structure and grain size of the prepared materials. The gas response properties indicated that the response time reduces obviously with the Li-doping. It was found that 4 mol% Li-doped sensing film exhibits the best response characteristics. The response mechanism was suggested to arise from the conduction holes ionized by Li and the surface potential barrier change in target gas.

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45

Janković, N., and Z. Djurić. "Hand book of sensors and actuators 1: Thick film sensors." Microelectronics Journal 27, no. 8 (November 1996): 804–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(96)82782-0.

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46

Rzasa, Benedykt, and Jerzy Potencki. "Thick Film Resistors on Dielectrics as Temperature Detectors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 12, no. 2 (1986): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1986/84198.

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Thick film resistors made of typical ruthenate pastes on various dielectrics change their properties. The properties of such resistors, fabricated on the TiO2+ glass dielectric, have been evaluated in this paper. The usability of the structures of the type conductor-dielectric-resistor for the construction of temperature sensors has been determined. A practical solution for the temperature sensor, in the form of an RC network with distributed parameters, together with a circuit for the conversion of temperature into frequency has been presented.

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47

Hale, J. M., J. R. White, R. Stephenson, and F. Liu. "Development of piezoelectric paint thick-film vibration sensors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8441.

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This paper describes a programme of trials of thick-film dynamic strain sensors made using ‘piezoelectric paint’. The fabrication process is described and it is shown that the sensitivity is comparable with that of other thick-film sensors and the piezoelectric polymer polyvnylidenefluoride (PVDF). A series of dynamic and environmental tests is described. The dynamic range and bandwidth are shown to be suitable for structural vibration monitoring, and to be largely unaffected by adverse environments (rain, frost, sunlight, etc.).

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48

Zeng, X., Z. Cai, and X. Li. "An additive method to fabricate conductive lines and electronic components directly by laser microcladding electronic materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 5 (November 9, 2009): 1087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1771.

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In this article, a laser direct-write method to fabricate conductive lines and electronic components on insulating boards by using laser microcladding electronic materials is reported. A workstation for implementing this direct-write method was developed, which integrated material deposition (micropen) and laser processing on a single machine. With the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) capability of the workstation, conductive lines, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and thick-film sensors with different patterns were fabricated successfully by this technique in air without mask and with high deposition rates. The minimum widths of the conductive lines and other functional materials were much less than those obtained by the conventional screen printing method. The experimental results demonstrated that passive components and thick-film sensors made by this method have the same properties as those made by conventional thick-film methods, whereas thick films fabricated by this method have much lower widths than those fabricated by the conventional thick-film method. This technique provides a novel method to fabricate the conductive lines and electronic components with high precision and high speed.

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49

Slosarčík, Stanislav, Igor Vehec, Alexander Gmiterko, Pavol Cabúk, and Michal Jurčišin. "Technology and Application of 3D Shaped LTCC Modules for Pressure Sensors and Microsystems." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.3.158.

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This paper deals with shaping technology of LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramics) and as well on analysis of the possibilities of sensors in 3D shaped modules. Analysis of marginal possibilities of LTCC ceramic shaping was realized on a sample with various bending angles and various layer numbers, where thick-film conductive paths were present. The applicability of the obtained results was demonstrated by the development of a 3D shaped module with a thick-film pressure sensor.

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Manjakkal, Libu, Katarina Cvejin, Jan Kulawik, Krzysztof Zaraska, and Dorota Szwagierczak. "The Effect of Sheet Resistivity and Storage Conditions on Sensitivity of RuO₂ Based pH Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.457.

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Abstract:

The increasing fresh water deficiency due to environmental pollution demands accurate, reliable and highly sensitive sensors for online monitoring of water pollution. Solid state sensors are helpful for fabricating and implementing low cost wireless sensors for monitoring of pollution. In water pollution determination, the measurement of pH plays an important role. Among the semiconductor sensitive materials RuO2 shows good sensitivity to hydrogen ions, high accuracy and resistance to interferences caused by other dissolved ions. In this work, thick film RuO2 based pH sensitive electrodes are fabricated by screen printing. The sensors were characterized by electromotive force measurements, SEM, optical microscopy and EDS analysis. The effects of sheet resistivity of the material and storage conditions are discussed. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 60 mV/pH in wide pH range of 2 to 10. The obtained response was very close to the theoretical Nernstian behavior. The best performance was attained for a sensor fabricated from 10 kΩ/sq. thick film paste and stored at water for 25 days.

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