Journal articles: 'Thiazine dyes'

1

Lee, Soo-Keun, and Andrew Mills. "Luminescence ofLeuco-Thiazine Dyes." Journal of Fluorescence 13, no. 5 (September 2003): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026341420942.

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2

Belov, Sergey, and Grigoriy Naumchik. "The Application of Ozone to Reduce the Coloring Intensity of Aqueous Solutions of Dyes Used in the Textile Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 212 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021201001.

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The article discusses the mechanisms of interaction of ozone with aqueous solutions of organic dyes. Two different dyes with different types of chromophore systemwere investigated: azo dye and thiazine dye. A detailed methodology for performing experimental studies makes it possible to accurately dose ozone into the reaction mixture. The data of experimental studies are presented indicating the effectiveness of the use of ozone for the destruction of dyes in aqueous solutions. The specific doses of ozone were established to reduce the color intensity of the studied dye solutions to standard values.

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3

Ahmed, S., and S. K. Saha. "Electrochemical study of the reaction between progressively alkylated thiazine leucodyes and Fe(III) on a glassy carbon electrode." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-213.

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An electrochemical investigation on five progressively alkylated thiazine dyes in the presence of Fe(III) ions is reported. The theory of the catalytic regeneration mechanism involving an electrode reaction followed by a coupled chemical reaction is applied to derive kinetic parameters of homogeneous reaction. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of thiazine leucodyes with Fe(III) ions was found to increase from 0.25 × 104 to 1.6 × 104 dm3 mol−1 s−1 upon monomethylation and to vary from 0.7 × 104 for the dimethyl derivative to 1.4 × 104 dm3mol−1 s−1 for the tetramethyl one. The electron-donating nature as well as the hydrophobic characteristics of the methyl group influence the kinetics of the homogeneous reaction. Key words: cyclic voltammetry, thiazine dyes, ferric ion, catalytic regeneration, kinetics

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4

Chauhan, Ratna, Reena Kushwaha, and Lal Bahadur. "Study of Light Harvesting Properties of Different Classes of Metal-Free Organic Dyes in TiO2Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Energy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517574.

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In dye-sensitized solar cells, the photosensitization of TiO2thin film semiconductor was accomplished by using different classes of metal-free (fluorone, triarymethane, azo and thiazine based) organic dyes as photosensitizer. The broad electronic absorption spectra of these dyes have been obtained in the visible region due to the presence of chromophoric groups in these dyes. The contribution of these dyes as light harvesting species is seen from the photocurrent action spectrum of the cell. Here, we report the sensitization activity of these dyes in terms of current-potential curve, open-circuit potential, fill factor, IPCE, and overall solar energy conversion efficiency which have been evaluated under 100 mW/cm2light intensity. The results suggest that dyes based on fluorone and azo groups are promising candidates for high performance, dye-sensitized solar cells because of better anchoring groups (–COOH, –OH, and –SO3-) present in these dyes. Better anchorage of dyes to the surface of TiO2semiconductor helps in charge transfer phenomenon.

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5

Chen, Shui-Lin, Rolf M. Rohner, and Heinrich Zollinger. "Influence of Dye Size and Fiber Porosity on the Dyeing Kinetics and Time Lags in the Uptake of Cationic Dyes on Acrylic Fibers." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 5 (May 1988): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800501.

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The uptake curves of cationic thiazine dyes (based on thionine) and four other cationic dyes were determined for a series of acrylic fibers, consisting of the same polymer but varying porosities. The apparent diffusion coefficients ( Dapp) and the time lag of the dye uptake (Δ t) were calculated. Dapp and Δ t are functions of the size of the dye cations, the porosity of the fiber, and at least one other factor. We detected an influence of the glass transition temperature under dyeing conditions on the time lag, which was not found before for these or any other fibers.

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6

Bongard, R. D., M. P. Merker, R. Shundo, Y. Okamoto, D. L. Roerig, J. H. Linehan, and C. A. Dawson. "Reduction of thiazine dyes by bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 269, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): L78—L84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.269.1.l78.

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The uptake of methylene blue (MB), and toluidine blue O (TBO) by bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads was detected as a decrease in the concentration of dye in the medium after these thiazine dyes were added to the medium surrounding the cells. Because the reduced forms of these dyes are much more lipophilic than the oxidized forms, we considered the possibility that reduction of the dyes at the cell surface might have preceded the uptake by the cells. Therefore, we studied the ability of the cells to reduce a toluidine blue O-polyacrylamide polymer (TBOP), which was too large to enter the cells in either the oxidized or reduced form. The TBO moieties of the polymer were reduced by the cells, indicating that the dyes did not have to enter the cells to be reduced and that reduction can occur at, or near, the cell surface. The rate of TBOP reduction was about the same as the rate of uptake of the monomeric dyes, indicating that the cell surface reduction mechanism had a sufficient capacity to account for the monomer uptake by the cells. We also found that ferricyanide ion, which also did not permeate the cells, was reduced by the cells and that external ferricyanide inhibited the monomeric MB uptake. Thus the results with ferricyanide were also consistent with the concept that the monomeric thiazine dyes are reduced at the cell surface before the more lipophilic reduced forms are taken up by the endothelial cells.

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7

Krishnan, K. Gokula, V. Saravanan, C. Udhaya Kumar, and C. Ramalingan. "Fused Thiazine Tethered Metal-Free Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: A Computational Investigation." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 10 (2021): 2373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23340.

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Three novel cyanoacetamide decorated phenothiazines (1a-c) have been designed. Structural and photo-physical properties of the molecules 1a-c have been investigated. To better realize the charge transport process involved in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), computational studies have been performed using B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP method for the dyes 1a-c. Theoretical findings for DSSCs include LHE (light-harvesting efficiency) and driving forces such as electron injection (ΔGinject) and dye regeneration have been calculated to envisage the most appropriate dyes for the application of DSSC.

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8

Sadigh, Mahsa Khadem, and Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi. "The Roles of Solute-Solute and Solute-Solvent Interactions on the Nonlinearity of Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Dyes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0154.

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AbstractIn this paper, the roles of intermolecular interactions and probability of aggregates formation on the nonlinear optical properties of thiazine dyes are investigated. Our results show that saturable and reverse saturable absorption properties of these dyes depend strongly on the molecular surrounding media characteristics and their collective properties that tend to form aggregated species at high concentrations. Depending on molecular surrounding media characteristics, by increasing the concentration of dye solutions and formation of aggregates, the strong solute-solute interactions can modify the nonlinear responses of dye solutions. The experimental results indicate that by increasing the contribution of J aggregates, the third-order nonlinear responses of binary mixtures of water and ethanol are increased at room temperature. Therefore, the intermolecular interactions and the presence of J aggregates can be considered as simple techniques for improving the nonlinear responses of selected ionic dyes.

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9

Vara, Jimena, and Cristina S. Ortiz. "Thiazine dyes: Evaluation of monomeric and aggregate forms." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 166 (September 2016): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2016.05.005.

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10

Chakraborty, Amitabha, Shamsuzzaman Ahamed, Subrata Pal, and Swapan K. Saha. "Cyclic Voltammetric Investigations of Thiazine Dyes on Modified Electrodes." ISRN Electrochemistry 2013 (February 12, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/959128.

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Electrochemical behavior of five progressively alkylated thiazine dyes has been investigated at glassy carbon/montmorillonite and glassy carbon/zeolite electrodes. Quantitative characteristics, associated with the positions of peak potentials (Ea and Ec) and current ratios (ia/ic), are measured with scan rates. The peak current observed in the modified electrodes is dependent on both the porosity and nature and number of sites involved in partitioning the complex into film. The values of diffusion coefficient for different dyes have been calculated from electrochemical data. It is suggested that in clay-modified electrode along with physical diffusion the process of electron hopping seems to be most likely.

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11

Ghanadzadeh Gilani, A., T. Ghorbanpour, and M. Salmanpour. "Additive effect on the dimer formation of thiazine dyes." Journal of Molecular Liquids 177 (January 2013): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2012.09.005.

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12

Ganeev, R. A., G. S. Boltaev, A. I. Zvyagin, M. S. Smirnov, and O. V. Ovchinnikov. "Nonlinear absorption of some thiazine, xanthene, and carbocyanine dyes." Optik 157 (March 2018): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.11.083.

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13

Naik, D. B., P. N. Moorthy, and K. I. Priyadarsini. "Nonradiative energy transfer from 7-amino coumarin dyes to thiazine dyes in methanolic solutions." Chemical Physics Letters 168, no. 6 (May 1990): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)85666-z.

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14

Boltaev, G. S., B. R. Sobirov, T. Usmanov, M. S. Smirnov, O. V. Ovchinnikov, A. I. Zvyagin, V. G. Klyuev, D. V. Volykhin, and R. A. Ganeev. "Nonlinear optical absorption in mixtures of dye molecules and ZnS nanoparticles." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 26, no. 04 (December 2017): 1750045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886351750045x.

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The nonlinear absorption in the mixtures of zinc sulfide quantum dot and some dyes are studied. The nonlinear absorption coefficients of the ZnS nanoparticles associated with various heterocyclic dyes [thiazine (thionine), xanthene (erythrosine), and carbocyanine (3,3[Formula: see text]-di-([Formula: see text]-sulfopropyl)-4,4[Formula: see text],5,5[Formula: see text]-dibenzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyaninebetaine pyridinium salt, DEC)] possessing optical absorption in the 500–680[Formula: see text]nm range were measured at the wavelengths of 1064[Formula: see text]nm and 532[Formula: see text]nm using 40 ps pulses and [Formula: see text]-scan technique.

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15

ZHANG, Yuexia, Teng ZHU, and Guanhua YUE. "Adsorptive Complex Wave of Tin(IV) with Some Thiazine Dyes." Analytical Sciences 12, no. 2 (1996): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.12.295.

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16

ZiÓłkowska, Dorota, Alexander Shyichuk, Jan Lamkiewicz, and Natalia Kutsevol. "Spectral Study on Association of Thiazine Dyes with Anionic Polymers." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 672, no. 1 (September 2, 2018): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2018.1542115.

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17

Kiriyak, Ludmila. "The effect of thiazine dyes on polarographic determination of tellurium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 1 (1991): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910216.

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The effect of thionine, azure I and methylene blue on the electroreduction of tellurium(IV) has been studied in the solutions of oxalic, tartaric and trihydroxyglutaric acids. It has been shown that the electrode process is complicated by adsorption of all components of the electrochemical reaction. This causes an increase of the tellurium analytical signal. The determinations is not hampered by great excesses of various elements. Optimal conditions were found according to which determinations were carried out of tellurium in binary mixtures Pb-Te, Cd-Te, Fe-Te, Bi-Te and of tellurium admixtures in bismuth of high purity, doped by tellurium.

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18

Stockert, J. C., Angeles Juarranz, Angeles Villanueva, and Magdalena Cañete. "Photodynamic damage to HeLa cell microtubules induced by thiazine dyes." Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 39, no. 1-2 (November 18, 1996): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050554.

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19

Karuppasamy, Ayyanar, Kesavan Stalindurai, Jia-De Peng, Kuo-Chuan Ho, and Chennan Ramalingan. "Organic dyes festooned with fluorene and fused thiazine for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells." Electrochimica Acta 268 (April 2018): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.134.

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20

Tabaraki, Reza, and Negar Sadeghinejad. "Biosorption of six basic and acidic dyes on brown alga Sargassum ilicifolium: optimization, kinetic and isotherm studies." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 11 (March 7, 2017): 2631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.136.

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Biosorption of Methyl Blue (MB), Fuchsin Acid (FA), Rhodamine B (RB), Methylene Blue (MEB), Bromocresol purple (BC) and Methyl Orange (MO) onto Sargassum ilicifolium was studied in a batch system. Effect of dye structure on biosorption by Sargassum ilicifolium was studied to define the correlation between chemical structure and biosorption capacity. Different dye groups such as triarylmethane (MB, FA and BC), monoazo (MO), thiazine (MEB) and xanthene (RB) were studied. At optimum experimental conditions for each dye, biosorption capacity was determined and compared. The results indicate that the chemical structure (triarylmethane, monoazo, thiazine, xanthene), number of sulfonic groups, basicity (element of chromophore group: S, N, O) and molecular weight of dye molecules influence their biosorption capacity. Experimental parameters such as biosorbent dose, pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration were optimized for each dye. The biosorption kinetic data were successfully described by the pseudo second-order model. The biosorption results were also analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Finally, biosorption capacities obtained using Sargassum ilicifolium were compared with the ones presented in the literature.

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21

Koprdová, Anna, Miroslava Bachratá, Vanda Adamcová, Martin Valica, Martin Pipíška, and Miroslav Horník. "Chemometric Characterization of Synthetic Dye Sorption onto Slovakian River Sediments: A Laboratory Batch Experiment." Separations 5, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations5040057.

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The aim of the work was to characterize the sorption of cationic dyes thioflavine T (ThT) and methylene blue (MB) onto selected Slovakian river sediments using chemometric approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Also, the potential of mentioned multivariate analyses for comparison of studied objects (river sediments or river and model waters) as well as in finding relationships between the variables describing the physico-chemical characteristics of studied matrices or waters and sorption/desorption characteristics of matrices for dyes binding under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Parameters describing the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments include: pH, pHzpc, or cation-exchange capacity; and in the case of waters: pH, conductivity, water hardness, content of dissolved solids or presence of organic compounds. From the comparison of dye sorption onto sediments, it was found that sorption of thiazine dye MB was minimally 1.5-times higher than sorption of benzothiazole dye ThT. Sorption capacities Qs reached the maximum values in the case of sediments originated from Dudvah River (MB-Qs = 8.70 ± 0.42 mg g−1; ThT-Qs = 5.03 ± 0.28 mg g−1; ±SD). Obtained results showed that applied methods of multivariate analyses represent a suitable tool for evaluation of sorption/desorption processes of organic xenobiotics binding in sediments.

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22

Havelcová, Martina, Pavel Kubát, and Irena Němcová. "Photophysical properties of thiazine dyes in aqueous solution and in micelles." Dyes and Pigments 44, no. 1 (December 1999): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(99)00070-4.

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23

Sunwar, C. B., and Himangshu Bose. "Effect of clay minerals on the visible spectra of thiazine dyes." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 136, no. 1 (April 1990): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90077-2.

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24

Mikheev, Yu A., L. N. Guseva, and Yu A. Ershov. "The nature of chromaticity of triphenylmethane, xanthene, phthalocyanine, and thiazine dyes." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 84, no. 10 (January 2010): 1778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602441010016x.

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25

Bhowmik, B. B., and M. Mukhopadhyay. "Spectral and photophysical studies of thiazine dyes in triton X-100." Colloid & Polymer Science 266, no. 7 (July 1988): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01411509.

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26

Blanchard, G. J. "An MNDO calculational study of selected oxazine, thiazine and oxazone dyes." Chemical Physics 138, no. 2-3 (November 1989): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(89)87142-3.

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27

Farooq, Muhammad, Siddiqa Ismail, and N. U. Rehman. "Nanosecond pulsed plasma discharge for remediation of simulated wastewater containing thiazine and azo dyes as model pollutants." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 41, no. 1 (January 2023): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002064.

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Plasmas generated over and under the surface of water have immense scope for wastewater remediation due to in situ generation of redox-rich species. Remediation of simulated wastewater using underwater plasma discharge is reported in this paper. During the plasma discharge, an increase in energy coupling from source to discharge channel was noted with an increase in the applied pulsed DC voltage from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Higher energy coupling resulted in elevation of gas temperature and electron temperature. Concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, estimated spectrochemically in effluent water, also increased with the applied voltage. On the other hand, ozone concentration showed a decreasing trend with increasing applied voltage and the peak ozone density was obtained at the lower end of the applied voltage, i.e., at [Formula: see text]. With higher energy dissipation, a pronounced discharge and, hence, greater emission intensities of ultraviolet radiation, atomic oxygen, and atomic hydrogen were observed in discharge spectra. The oxidative-reductive stress produced by underwater discharge resulted in a degradation efficiency of [Formula: see text] for methylene blue solution (thiazine dye) corresponding to energy yields of [Formula: see text]. Similarly, the degradation efficiency of [Formula: see text] for methyl orange solution (azo dye) with an energy yield of [Formula: see text] was achieved with this discharge. From the considerations of collision theory, activation energies of [Formula: see text] for methylene blue and [Formula: see text] for methyl orange degradation were estimated for the plasma discharge. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to further reveal the possible effects of plasma therapy on different bonds of the dyes. Additionally, gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses were used to suggest the possible degradation pathways of the two dyes. Instant dye degradation in flowing samples was compared with contemporary dye degradation results listed in literature to show the effectiveness of the used technique.

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28

Merker, M. P., R. D. Bongard, J. H. Linehan, Y. Okamoto, D. Vyprachticky, B. M. Brantmeier, D. L. Roerig, and C. A. Dawson. "Pulmonary endothelial thiazine uptake: separation of cell surface reduction from intracellular reoxidation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): L673—L680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1997.272.4.l673.

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The objective of this study was to further evaluate the hypothesis that the accumulation of thiazine dyes, such as methylene blue, by cultured bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells involves reduction on the cell surface, followed by diffusion of the lipophilic reduced form of the dye into the cells and intracellular reoxidation to the relatively membrane-impermeant hydrophilic form. The specific question addressed was whether inhibition of methylene blue uptake by cyanide and azide is via inhibition of extracellular reduction or inhibition of intracellular reoxidation. We used the cell membrane-impermeant ferricyanide ion as a secondary electron acceptor to measure the extracellular reduction of methylene blue independently from its uptake by the cells. In addition, toluidine blue O, incorporated into an acrylamide polymer so that it could not permeate the cells in either its reduced or oxidized forms, was used to examine the effects of cyanide and azide on the extracellular reduction. Microscopic observations of the effect of the inhibitors on the intracellular accumulation of methylene blue were also made. The results indicate that the reduction and intracellular sequestration are separate processes and that, in doses that inhibited intracellular reoxidation, and therefore uptake and sequestration, neither cyanide nor azide had an inhibitory effect on extracellular reduction. The intracellular distribution of the observable oxidized form of the dye was consistent with oxidation of the reduced dye within subcellular organelles. The demonstration that extracellular reduction and intracellular sequestration are separate events is consistent with the hypothesized sequence of events.

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29

Tsai, C. S., J. R. P. Godin, and A. J. Wand. "Dye-sensitized photo-oxidation of enzymes." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250203.

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Heart lipoamide dehydrogenase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase and egg-white lysozyme are photo-oxidized in the presence of various dye sensitizers. The photodynamic process is preceded by the binding between the enzyme and the sensitizers. Among the commonly used dyes, halogenated xanthines and thiazine are effective sensitizers for the photo-inactivation of these three enzymes. Histidine residues are the primary target for the sensitized photo-oxidation that inactivates lipoamide dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. However, the destruction of tryptophan residues is responsible for the photo-inactivation of lysozyme. The deuterium medium effect and the quenching effect by various scavengers of the potential photo-oxidative intermediates implicate the participation of the mixed type I-type II mechanism, with the involvement of singlet oxygen being of greater importance, in the photo-inactivation of the enzymes.

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30

Feigelson, L., L. Muszkat, L. Bir, and K. A. Muszkat. "Dye photo-enhancement of TiO2-photocatalyzed degradation of organic pollutants: the organobromine herbicide bromacil." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2000): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0325.

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Dye chemicals from the textile industry are a principal source of environmental pollution. The industrial effluents must therefore be treated before their release into the aqueous environment. However, application of conventional biological methods for textile wastewater treatment is limited by unsatisfactory degradation of the refractory dyes and associated chemicals. In the present study a complete degradation of selected azo- and thiazine-dyes has been achieved by TiO2-solar photocatalytic oxidation (SPO). Here the SPO is accompanied by a reaction of dye sensitization. Enhanced degradation of colourless refractory pollutants has been observed in the combined process. The main advantage of the combined approach is the utilization of visible light for assisting the degradation of refractory organic pollutants, not only coloured, but also colourless, which cannot be photosensitized in the visible region. Although very little is known on the subject, the present results demonstrate that the process is promising for the removal of undesirable toxic chemicals from textile industry wastewater. To simulate such conditions we have recently studied the dye photosensitized solar photocatalysis of an uracil derivative. Both UV and visible light are required for enhanced substrate and dye decomposition. Irradiation by UV alone decreased the degradation rate of dye, while visible light alone did not lead to any decomposition at all. It seems that the mechanism of the studied reaction involves a combination of oxidation by hydroxyl radicals, via the hole-electron semiconductor route, with oxidation by singlet oxygen.

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31

Chmilenko, F. A., I. V. Korobova, and S. V. Nazarenko. "The adducts of thiazine organic dyes with polyacrylamide applied for fuel production." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 10, no. 1s (2004): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2004.01s.098.

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32

Sokolova, N. B., N. A. Solovei, and E. G. Makarova. "Photodegradation of xanthene, triarylmethane, thiazine, and diazine dyes in the presence of thiophene azo dyes in polymer films." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 87, no. 11 (November 2014): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427214110238.

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33

Qi, Yue, Michael R. Gleeson, Jinxin Guo, Sergi Gallego, and John T. Sheridan. "Quantitative Comparison of Five Different Photosensitizers for Use in a Photopolymer." Physics Research International 2012 (September 12, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/975948.

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Several studies of the time varying photon absorption effects, which occur during the photoinitiation process involving in photopolymer materials, have been presented. Three primary mechanisms have been identified: (i) the dye absorption, (ii) recovery, and (iii) bleaching. Based on an analysis of these mechanisms, the production of primary radicals can be physically described and modelled. In free radical photopolymerization systems, the excited dye molecules induce the production of the primary radicals, R•, which are key in determining how many monomers are polymerized. This, in turn, is closely related to the refractive index modulation formed during holographic recording. In this paper, to avoid the complexities involved in estimating the rate constant of intersystem crossing, kst, in going from the excited singlet state dye to the excited triplet state dye, we introduce two rates, kaS and kaT these are the proposed rate constants of photon absorption in going from the ground state to the singlet and triplet states, respectively. Using the resulting model, four kinds of Xanthene dyes: Erythrosin B; Eosin Y; Phloxine B, Rose Bengal, and one Thiazine dye: Methylene Blue, are experimentally characterised for use in an AA/PVA photopolymer.

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34

AlShamsi, Hassan A. Habeeb, and Alaa T. Hamza. "Degradation of Thiazine Dyes Azure B and C by Sonolysis, Sonophotolysis and Sonocatalysis." Asian Journal of Chemistry 27, no. 5 (2015): 1935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.18842.

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35

Stalindurai, Kesavan, Ayyanar Karuppasamy, Jia-De Peng, Kuo-Chuan Ho, and Chennan Ramalingan. "Azafluorene Ornamented Thiazine Based Novel Fused Heterocyclic Organic Dyes for Competent Molecular Photovoltaics." Electrochimica Acta 246 (August 2017): 1052–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.151.

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36

Vogel, Martin, Wolfgang Rettig, U. Fiedeldei, and H. Baumgärtel. "Non-radiative deactivation via biradicaloid charge-transfer states in oxazine and thiazine dyes." Chemical Physics Letters 148, no. 4 (July 1988): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)87286-5.

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37

Arroyo, Geovanna, Yolanda Angulo, Alexis Debut, and Luis Heriberto Cumbal. "Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared with Carrasquilla Fruit Extract (Berberis hallii) and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Activity." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101195.

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In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained using a green-chemistry procedure. For this protocol, the Carrasquilla extract (CE) (Berberis hallii) and a AgNO3 solution were used as the reducing agent and the metal precursor, respectively. The as-prepared AgNPs after characterization were then used to evaluate the degradation of the methylene blue (MB), the safranin (SF), and the mixture of both dyes in the aqueous phase under solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of AgNPs for the degradation of the MB (k = 0.0092 min−1) was higher than the SF (k = 0.00016 min−1) due to the susceptibility of the thiazine ring of the MB to photodegradation contrasted to the phenyl phenazine of the SF. However, SF was mostly removed by adsorption with a maximum uptake of 2907 mg/g. Overall, this eco-friendly and green conversion of silver ions to metallic elements avoids the use of toxic chemicals and could be applied for the degradation/adsorption of dyes used in several industrial processes.

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Baffoun, Ayda, Amel El Ghali, and Imen Hachani. "Decolorization Kinetics of Acid Azo Dye and Basic Thiazine Dye in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2 and UV/Fenton: Effects of Operational Parameters." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0031.

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AbstractThe photochemical decolorization of two dyes, namely Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9, was studied using the UV/H2O2and UV/Fenton processes. The effects of the amount of H2O2and FeSO4as well as the initial pH solution on decolorization kinetics of both the dyes were investigated. The pseudo-first order kinetic model was applied to predict the decolorization of the selected dyes at the different operational conditions and results showed that this model fitted very well with the experimental data. The obtained results also showed the efficiency of UV/Fenton process to quickly degrade aqueous effluents polluted by Acid Yellow 54 and Basic Blue 9 compared to the UV/H2O2process.

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Kim, Joo, and Stephen Michielsen. "Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects." Nanomaterials 6, no. 12 (December 20, 2016): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243.

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Khadem Sadigh, M., and M. S. Zakerhamidi. "Media polarity and concentration roles on the third order nonlinear behaviors of thiazine dyes." Optics & Laser Technology 100 (March 2018): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.10.007.

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Kim, Joo Ran, and Stephen Michielsen. "Photodynamic activity of nanostructured fabrics grafted with xanthene and thiazine dyes against opportunistic fungi." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 150 (September 2015): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.019.

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Mills, Andrew, David Hazafy, John Parkinson, Tell Tuttle, and Michael G. Hutchings. "Effect of alkali on methylene blue (C.I. Basic Blue 9) and other thiazine dyes." Dyes and Pigments 88, no. 2 (February 2011): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2010.05.015.

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Pospíchal, R., K. Nesměrák, P. Rychlovský, and I. Němcová. "Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate by Thiazine Dyes using Flow Injection Analysis with Spectrophotometric Detection." Analytical Letters 40, no. 6 (May 2007): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710701298560.

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Němcová, I., P. Rychlovský, and M. Havelcová. "Flow-Injection Analysis Based on Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Penicillins with Thiazine Dyes." Analytical Letters 42, no. 7 (June 5, 2009): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710902726088.

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Kurtsevich, A. E., O. N. Tchaikovskaya, and V. S. Chaidonova. "Theoretical study of the vibronic structure of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of thiazine dyes." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/12/127.

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Hannay, J. R. "The interaction between Metallic Copper and certain dyes of the Thiazine, Oxazine, and Azlne Series." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 31, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1915.tb00857.x.

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Cumba, Rey Marc T., Clark B. Ligalig, Jhea Mae D. Tingson, Meralin P. Molina, Arnold C. Alguno, Custer C. Deocaris, Felmer Latayada, Indah Primadona, and Rey Yonson Capangpangan. "Photocatalytic Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Against Thiazine Dye under UV and Visible Light Irradiation." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.72331.

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Organic dyes used in the food and textile industries are the primary sources of environmental contamination due to their high toxicity and nonbiodegradability. This paper describes the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals/zinc oxide (CNC/ZnO) nanocomposite via the sol-gel method. Various characterization techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FESEM-EDX analysis were done. FTIR and UV-Vis analyses initially confirmed the formation of CNC/ZnO nanocomposites. FESEM-EDX showed a fiber-like structure with agglomerated particles on the CNC-ZnO image, suggesting the functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles onto the CNC. The photocatalytic potential of the CNC/ZnO nanocomposite was then evaluated by degrading 10 ppm thiazine dye (methylene blue) solution. The solution was irradiated with UV and visible light at an ambient temperature. The degradation was monitored at different time intervals using a UV spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance value intermittently. Results on the photocatalytic activity indicated that the synthesized CNC/ZnO nanocomposite showed faster degradation under UV light irradiation than the visible light, with an efficiency of 96.11% and 85.60%, respectively, after 180 mins of light irradiation. Further, the results suggest that the synthesized CNC/ZnO nanocomposite showed great promise as a sustainable material for the degradation of organic contaminants in an aqueous solution.

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Surakasi, Raviteja, Alimuddin, Yenda Srinivasa Rao, Ashitha K. Sanuj, Pravin P. Patil, A. Jayaganthan, and Ramana Hechhu. "Methylene Blue Dye Photodegradation during Synthesis and Characterization of WO3 Nanoparticles." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (July 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2882048.

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Semiconductor-based photocatalytic systems have found widespread use in environmental pollution cleanup and renewable energy production. In this study, we synthesized WO3 as a catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue, a thiazine dye, which was used in the previous work. The hydrothermal process is used to create WO3 nanoparticles, which are made from sodium tungstate. When it comes to confirming the nanoparticles, many characterization techniques are employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission–scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The existence of monoclinic crystalline structure is shown by XRD, with the average crystalline size being around 34 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of metal oxides. The pellucid absorption extremity in the UV-Vis region corresponds to the rudimentary absorption of the WO3 semiconductor. FE-SEM confirms square-shaped nanoplates with EDX address the occurrence of elemental tungsten. The photocatalytic activity of WO3 nanoparticles against methylene blue is taken for at different intervals of time that confirms MB’s degradation. Our present work suggests that prepared nanoparticles should be potential for photocatalysts using various industrial dyes.

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Turnipseed, Sherri B., José E. Roybal, Steven M. Plakas, Allen P. Pfenning, Jeffrey A. Hurlbut, and Austin R. Long. "Determination of Methylene Blue in Channel Catfish {Ictalurus punctatus) Tissue by Liquid Chromatography with Visible Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.1.31.

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Abstract Methylene blue (MB) is a thiazine dye that, although not regulated for use with edible fish, may sometimes be used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the aquaculture industry. A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the determination of MB in fish muscle. MB was extracted from catfish tissue with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer solution containing hydroxylamine and toluene- sulfonic acid, partitioned into methylene chloride, and cleaned up on alumina and carboxylic acid solid-phase extraction cartridges. MB concentrations were determined by LC with visible detection at 660-665 nm. Recoveries of MB from catfish fortified at 10-50 ng/g were 75-90% (RSDs, 5-12%). Leu- comethylene blue also can be recovered from catfish tissue as the MB colored form at low levels with similar recoveries. Analysis of catfish exposed to MB in a bath treatment at 5 ppm MB for 1 h recovered 10-20 ppb of the drug in the muscle tissue. The low tissue concentration suggests poor absorption of this drug compared with other antifungal dyes that tend to concentrate and remain in fish tissue at high levels.

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Blackwell, Anne E., Michael J. Moehlenbrock, Jacob R. Worsham, and Shelley D. Minteer. "Comparison of Electropolymerized Thiazine Dyes as an Electrocatalyst in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells and Self Powered Sensors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 1714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2009.si04.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thiazine dyes'

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