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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermotrope

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thermotrope'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermotrope"

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Yahiaoui, B., A. Gharbi, M. Kléman, and J. Malthête. "Phases hexagonales colonnaires thermotrope et lyotrope : défauts observés par cryofracture et caractère anomal du thermotrope." European Physical Journal B 5, no. 1 (September 1998): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050423.

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Schröder, Barbara. "Thermotrope Schichten. Scheiben mit eingebauter Jalousie." Chemie in unserer Zeit 29, no. 6 (December 1995): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19950290608.

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Seeboth, A., and H. R. Holzbauer. "Thermotrope Materialien für den Einsatz in „intelligenten Fenstern" / Thermotropic materials for application in "intelligent windows"." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 4, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1998-5309.

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Abstract Thermotropic materials as integrated part of „intelligent windows" based on polymer gel networks are developed. Systems change the transparency in dependence on temperature. These windows are able to protect buildings against superheating by sunshine. The aim of this work is the formation of a thermotropic material which operates like a heat filter. The effect is based on reproducible reversible phase transitions in the material. A decisive aspect is the adjustment of these transitions between the optical clear or opaque state of the windows, controled by the solar energy, to the perception of the human eye.

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Krücke, B., H. Zaschke, S. G. Kostromin, and V. P. Shibaev. "Thermotrope kristallin-flüssige polymere. Polysiloxane mit mesogenen Phenylbenzoat-Seitengruppen." Acta Polymerica 36, no. 11 (November 1985): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010361114.

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Calaminus, W., F. Vögtle, and R. Eidenschink. "Das Dispiro[5.1.5.1]tetradecan-Gerüst als Baustein für thermotrope Flüssigkristalle / Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Containing the Dispiro[5.1.5.1]tetradecane Unit." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-0814.

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AbstractSeveral 3 .11-disubstituted dispiro[5.1.5.1]tetradecane-7,14-dions were prepared and the cis/trans-isomers were separated. The trans -stereoisomers were converted into the gem-dihalide ketones and mono- and dithioketones. The phase transfer temperatures were determined. Liquid crystal phases were observed.

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Höcker, H. "Thermotrope Flüssigkristalle: Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 22. Hrsg. von G. W. Gray. Wiley, Chichester - New York - Brisbane - Toronto - Singapore 1987. 178S. geb., £38,-. ISBN 0-471-91504-1." Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 36, no. 1 (January 1988): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.19880360115.

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Reyes-Mayer, A., B. Alvarado-Tenorio, A. Romo-Uribe, O. Flores, B. Campillo, and M. Jaffe. "Fracture behavior of heat treated liquid crystalline polymers." MRS Proceedings 1485 (2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.282.

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ABSTRACTThermotropic polymers are thermally treated in air at temperatures Ta, where ΔT =Ta- Ts→n=40°C, and Ts→n is the solid-to-nematic transition. Samples are extruded thin films of a series of thermotropic random copolyesters termed B-N, COTBP and RD1000. The thermal treatment produces a second endotherm without changing Ts→n for B-N and RD1000. However, for COTBP Ts→n is significantly increased. Regardless of the complex thermal behavior exhibited by the thermotropes, the thermal treatment produces a significant increase in Young's modulus, more than 30% for B-N and over 100% for COTBP. The increase in mechanical modulus is correlated with a thermally-induced fiber-like morphology.

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Saito, Shigeru, and Ryuzo Shingai. "Evolution of thermoTRP ion channel homologs in vertebrates." Physiological Genomics 27, no. 3 (December 2006): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00322.2005.

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In mammalian thermosensation, nine temperature-sensitive ion channels that are activated by distinct temperature thresholds have been identified as thermosensors. These ion channels belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily and are referred to as “thermoTRPs” (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM2, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM8, and TRPA1). To elucidate the evolutionary processes of thermoTRPs, we conducted comprehensive searches for mammalian thermoTRP gene homologs in the draft genome sequences of chicken ( Gallus gallus), western clawed frog ( Xenopus tropicalis), zebrafish ( Danio rerio), and pufferfish ( Fugu rubripes). Newly identified homologs were compared with known thermoTRPs, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Our comparative analyses revealed that most of the mammalian thermo-TRP members already existed in the common ancestor of fishes and tetrapods. Tetrapods shared almost the same repertoire, except that the western clawed frog expanded TRPV4s (six copies) and TRPM8s (two copies), which were diversified considerably. Comparisons of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates among TRPV4s suggested that one copy of the TRPV4 channel in the western clawed frog retained its original function, while the other copies diversified and obtained slightly different properties. In fish lineages, several members of thermo-TRPs have duplicated in the whole genome duplication occurred in the ancestral ray-finned fish; however, some of the copies have subsequently been lost. Furthermore, fishes do not possess the three members of thermoTRPs existed in mammals, e.g., thermoTRPs activated by noxious heat, warm, and cool temperatures. Our results suggest that thermosensation mechanisms have changed through vertebrate evolution with respect to thermosensor repertoires.

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Szallasi, Arpad. "“ThermoTRP” Channel Expression in Cancers: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis (Practical Approach by a Pathologist)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 22, 2023): 9098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109098.

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Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (so-called “thermoTRPs”) are multifunctional signaling molecules with important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Several “thermoTRP” channels show altered expression in cancers, though it is unclear if this is a cause or consequence of the disease. Regardless of the underlying pathology, this altered expression may potentially be used for cancer diagnosis and prognostication. “ThermoTRP” expression may distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. For example, TRPV1 is expressed in benign gastric mucosa, but is absent in gastric adenocarcinoma. TRPV1 is also expressed both in normal urothelia and non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, but no TRPV1 expression has been seen in invasive urothelial carcinoma. “ThermoTRP” expression can also be used to predict clinical outcomes. For instance, in prostate cancer, TRPM8 expression predicts aggressive behavior with early metastatic disease. Furthermore, TRPV1 expression can dissect a subset of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with bad prognosis and resistance to a number of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. This review will explore the current state of this rapidly evolving field with special emphasis on immunostains that can already be added to the armoire of diagnostic pathologists.

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Gridyakina, A. V. "Electric Properties of Ionic Thermotropic Liquid Crystals." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 61, no. 6 (June 2016): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe61.06.0502.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermotrope"

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Gurke, Inga. "Smektische thermotrope Hauptkettenpolyesterimide." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958396507.

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Allard, Sophie. "Etude d'alliages polymere thermotrope polymere thermoplastique." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066466.

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Cette these traite des alliages de polymeres thermotropes avec des polymeres thermoplastiques. La synthese bibliographique presentee montre que les alliages minoritaires en thermotrope ont ete principalement realises pour ameliorer les proprietes mecaniques des thermoplastiques par dispersion du pcl sous forme de fibres. La structure heterogene des alliages et le mode de mise en forme influencent les proprietes mesurees. La description et l'amelioration des interfaces dans ces melanges sont pas ete traites. La partie experimentale debute par une description du polyester thermotrope utilise qui permet d'orienter le choix des fonctions reactives susceptibles d'ameliorer la compatibilite des deux phases des melanges etudies. Les melanges pcl/terpolymeres ethylene-acrylate d'ethyl-methacrylate de glycidyle sont ensuite etudies et le mecanisme de reaction entre les fonctions glycidyles et les fonctions acides du pcl est explicite a l'aide de composes modeles du pcl. Ces terpolymeres jouent effectivement le role d'agent compatibilisant dans les melanges pe/pcl. Parmi les differents melanges thermoplastiques/pcl dont les proprietes mecaniques longitudinales et transversales ont ete etudies (pa66, pbt, pei, pps, pp), ceux a base de pa66 ont fait l'objet d'un interet particulier qui a permis de montrer que les phases amorphes de ces polymeres sont partiellement compatibles en raison des reactions de trans ester-amidation susceptibles de se produire pendant le melange a l'etat fondu. L'interet de ce type de melange majoritaire en pcl pourrait etre d'ameliorer les proprietes mecaniques transversales des polyesters thermotropes

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DE, NEVE THIERRY. "Relations entre structure, defauts en rheologie d'un crystal liquide polymere nematique thermotrope." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0385.

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Le but de cette etude etait de comprendre les phenomenes d'orientation des cristaux liquides polymeres lors de leur mise en uvre. A cette fin, les relations entre la structure et le comportement rheologique d'un copolyesteramide thermotrope ont ete etablies en determinant la topologie des defauts presents avant et pendant l'ecoulement. Au repos, le polymere presente une texture a fils, caracterisee par l'existence de trois types de lignes de disinclinaisons de rang demi-entier, parfois associees a des lignes entieres. La pluralite de ces defauts est caracteristique de la nature d'une phase nematique biaxe. Elle est reliee aux correlations de rotation interchaines entre les plans aromatiques, qui proviennent du developpement de liaisons hydrogenes. Les textures et le comportement rheologique ont ete caracterises a des taux de cisaillement compris entre 0,1 et 10000 s##1. Deux textures sont generees par l'ecoulement. A faibles taux de cisaillement, la texture a fils est transformee en une texture vermiculaire caracterisee par une grande densite de defauts. Ce n'est qu'aux forts taux de cisaillement qu'apparait une texture ordonnee, caracterisee par une orientation des chaines dans la direction d'ecoulement. Les defauts de la texture vermiculaire ont ete etudies par microscopie electronique a balayage. Ce sont en majorite des lignes torses demi-entieres formant des boucles planes paralleles au plan de cisaillement. Leur nucleation met en jeu une deformation de flexion des chaines entre le plan de cisaillement et l'axe de vorticite. Ces deux positions sont des attracteurs, atteints apres un basculement periodique de celles-ci: ce resultat est prevu par la theorie de doi-marrucci-larson applicable aux polymeres lyotropes. Les defauts de la texture ordonnee n'ont pas pu etre etudies par les methodes developpees lors de ce travail. L'apparition de la texture ordonnee est correlee a une saturation de la premiere difference de contraintes normales, en accord qualitatif avec la theorie de doi-marrucci-larson

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Schomburg, Marcus. "Untersuchungen über das thermotrope Phasenverhalten des Tonoplasten bei der CAM-Pflanze Kalanchoë daigremontiana /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/184266963.pdf.

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Bredel, Thierry. "Etude par resonance et relaxation magnetiques nucleaires de l'octylphosphate de pyridinium en phases cristallines liquides thermotrope et lyotropes." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066428.

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La resonance et la relaxation magnetiques nucleaires ont ete appliquees a l'etude dynamique et conformationnelle de phases thermotropes ionique et lyotropes d'octylphosphate de pyridinium. Ce compose, totalement organique, a la particularite de former des phases cristallines liquides dans une gamme de temperatures relativement etroite. Nous avons ainsi mis en evidence une phase thermotrope ionique lamellaire pour le systeme anhydre et deux phases (une lamellaire et une hexagonale) pour le systeme hydrate. Nous avons effectue une etude dynamique et conformationnelle de l'octylphosphate de pyridinium dans ces trois phases. Nous avons ainsi montre que le pyridinium subit un mouvement anisotrope de reorientation dont l'axe privilegie est l'axe perpendiculaire au plan du contre-ion. La presence du pyridinium permet d'etudier l'interaction tete polaire/contre-ion. Cette separation de la contribution intermoleculaire a ete effectuee par dilution isotopique du pyridinium. Nous avons etablit un modele de relaxation, pour une geometrie lamellaire, tenant compte de la modulation de l'interaction dipolaire par la diffusion des deux spins dans des regions differentes. L'application de ce modele au compose lyotrope lamellaire, nous a permis de determiner l'epaisseur dans laquelle le contre-ion diffuse. Une etude exhaustive de la dynamique et de la conformation des chaines montre qu'elles adoptent une conformation preferentiellement trans et presentent des temps de correlations pratiquement independants de la phase. Afin de determiner les differentes contributions pouvant intervenir dans la relaxation des noyaux des chaines, nous avons etudie la conformation et la dynamique d'une sonde deuteriee. Cette etude a permis d'exclure la contribution des modes collectifs (fluctuation d'orientation du directeur) a la relaxation longitudinale

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Rix, Richard [Verfasser]. "Integration von Heizern in thermotrope flüssigkristalline Elastomer-Aktoren und deren Anwendung beim technischen Nachbau eines menschlichen Auges / Richard Rix." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079252002/34.

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Molinier, Valérie. "Etudes des relations structure-propriétés d'esters gras de saccharose : synthèse, propriétés en solution par PGSE RMN et comportement cristal liquide thermotrope." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10135.

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Une des voies actuelles de valorisation chimique du saccharose, la molécule organique pure la plus produite dans le monde, est la production d'esters gras tensioactifs. Principalement utilisés comme émulsifiants alimentaires, les sucroesters sont constitués d'un mélange d'espèces mono et polysubstituées et de différents régioisomères, ce qui rend difficile la rationalisation de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Le travail présenté vise à établir les liens entre propriétés et structure, au niveau moléculaire, par l'étude d'esters de saccharose définis. Pour cela, différents types de catalyse, chimique et enzymatique, ont permis d'atteindre diverses positions d'acylation et de contrôler le degré de substitution. La mesure de coefficients d'auto-diffusion en solution par RMN et l'étude du comportement cristal liquide thermotrope ont mis en évidence des différences notables de comportement entre les dérivés préparés, en fonction de la position d'acylation et de la nature de la chaîne.

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Karé, Ousmane. "Dynamique des ions dans les cristaux liquides ioniques thermotropes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS507.pdf.

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La thèse s’incscrit dans un projet ANR qui vise à comprendre la dynamique des ions au sein des structures autoassemblés d’électrolytes organiques à base de cristaux liquides ioniques thermotropes. Notre premier objectif est d’étudier la dynamique des ions au sein des monomères de TILCs sur plusieurs échelles spatiales et temporelles. Afin d’accéder à la dynamique du transport ionique dans des électrolytes à base TILCs sur plusieurs échelles d’espace et de temps, la thèse s’appuie sur la combinaison des techniques RMN employées au laboratoire PHENIX et de la diffusion quasi-élastique des neutrons (QENS) que je devrais faire avec le laboratoire SYMNES de Grenoble à l’Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Pour les mesures de RMN, nous allons utiliser deux techniques qui sont la RMN à gradient de champ pulsé et la relaxométrie. Le RMN à gradient de champ pulsé va nous permettre de sonder la dynamique des contres ions à l’échelle micrométrique et l’échelle de temps allant de 1s à 1ms de nous permettre aussi mesurer le coefficient de diffusion D. Quant à la relalométrie à RMN, elle sonde la dynamique à l’échelle intermédiaire entre l’échelle moléculaire et l’échelle micrométrique. Son échelle de temps va de 10 μs à 1ns. La technique de QENS nous permettra de sonder la dynamique à l’échelle moléculaire et à une échelle de temps allant de 1ps à 1ns. Nos modèles de TILCs sont des nouveaux types d’électrolytes organiques à base de cristaux liquides ioniques thermotropes. Ces TILCs sont constitués d’un centre mésogènique qui est le naphtalène dans lesquels sont greffés deux chaines carbonées de 12 carbones à chacun, un groupement anionique qui peut être du TFSI ou de SO3 liés avec des contres ions comme protons, lithium etc... greffées, Li pour SO3Li. Le dernier objectif est de comprendre dynamique des ions au sein des polymères de TILCs sur plusieurs échelles spatiales et temporelles afin de les comparer avec les monomères. La complémentarité de ces techniques employées nous permettra d’étudier non seulement la dynamique des contres ions, des groupes fonctionnels comme les groupements méthyles et méthylènes des chaines carbonées, et aussi l’influence des groupements anioniques TFSI et SO3 dans les TILCs
The thesis is part of an ANR project that aims to understand the dynamics of ions within the self-assembled structures of organic electrolytes based on thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. Our first objective is to study ion dynamics within TILC monomers on several spatial and temporal scales. In order to access the dynamics of ion transport in TILCs-based electrolytes on several scales of space and time, the thesis is based on the combination of NMR techniques used at the PHENIX laboratory and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) that I should do with the SYMNES laboratory in Grenoble at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). For NMR measurements, we will use two techniques which are pulsed field gradient NMR and relaxometry. Pulsed field gradient NMR will allow us to probe the dynamics of counter-ions at the micrometric scale and the time scale from 1s to 1ms will also allow us to measure the diffusion coefficient D. As for NMR relalometry, it probes the dynamics at the intermediate scale between the molecular and micrometric scales. Its time scale ranges from 10 μs to 1ns. The QENS technique will allow us to probe dynamics at the molecular scale and at a molecular scale. A time scale from 1ps to 1ns. Our TILC models are new types of organic electrolytes based on thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. These TILCs are made up of a mesogenic center which is naphthalene into which are grafted two carbon chains of 12 carbons each, an anionic group that can be TFSI or SO3 bonded with counterions such as protons, lithium. The last objective is to understand the dynamics of ions within TILC polymers on several spatial and temporal scales in order to compare them with monomers. The complementarity of these techniques will allow us to study not only the dynamics of counters, but also the dynamics of counters. functional groups such as methyl and methylene groups of carbon chains, and also the influence of TFSI and SO3 anionic groups in TILCs

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Ghanem, Antoine. "Analyse conformationnelle de polyesters thermotropes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053879.

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Louis, Gérard. "Étude photoacoustique de composés mésomorphes : transitions de phases et propriétés thermiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066418.

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Application d'une nouvelle technique photoacoustique à l'étude de transitions de phases du 1er et 2eme ordre de mésogènes thermotropres ; méthode de mesure de la diffusivité thermique sur de faibles quantités d'échantillons (0,1mg).

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Books on the topic "Thermotrope"

1

Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy, ed. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5354-1.

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W, Gray G., and Society of Chemical Industry (Great Britain), eds. Thermotropic liquid crystals. Chichester [East Sussex]: Published on behalf of the Society of Chemical Industry by Wiley, 1987.

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Vertogen, G. Thermotropic liquid crystals, fundamentals. Berlin: Springer, 1988.

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Vertogen, Ger, and Wim H. de Jeu. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83133-1.

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Jeu, W. H. de 1943-, ed. Thermotropic liquid crystals, fundamentals. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Vertogen, Ger. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Fundamentals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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Graf, Hans-Hermann. Scher- und Rotationsviskosität thermotrop nematischer Flüssigkristalle. Aachen: Shaker, 1992.

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Paolo, La Mantia Francesco, ed. Thermotropic liquid crystal polymer blends. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1993.

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Lucht, Rüdiger. Benetzung an der freien Oberfläche von thermotropen Flüssigkristallen. Marburg: Görich & Weiershäuser, 2000.

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Steve, Elston, and Sambles Roy, eds. The optics of thermotropic liquid crystals. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermotrope"

1

Dörfler, Hans-Dieter. "Thermotrope Flüssigkristalle." In Grenzflächen und kolloid-disperse Systeme, 405–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15326-6_11.

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Riera, Celine Emmanuelle. "ThermoTRPs." In Neurobiology of TRP Channels, 265–75. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315152837-14.

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Naito, Akira, and Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy. "Atomistic-Resolution Structural Studies of Liquid Crystalline Materials Using Solid-State NMR Techniques." In Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, 85–116. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5354-1_3.

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Dvinskikh, Sergey V. "Separated Local Field Nmr Spectroscopy in Columnar Liquid Crystals." In Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, 117–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5354-1_4.

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Severing, Kirsten, and Kay Saalwächter. "Phase Biaxiality in Nematic Liquid Crystals." In Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, 141–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5354-1_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Thermotropic Polymer." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 747. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11813.

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Platé, N. A., and V. P. Shibaev. "Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymers." In Comb-Shaped Polymers and Liquid Crystals, 197–415. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1951-1_5.

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Williams, G. E. "Thermotropic liquid crystal polymers." In Special Polymers for Electronics and Optoelectronics, 256–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0569-9_7.

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Makaruk, L., H. Polanska, and B. Wazyriska. "THERMOTROPIC MAIN-CHAIN POLYESTERS." In Morphology of Polymers, edited by Blahoslav Sedláček, 515–20. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110858150-048.

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Kingma, J. A., and H. Geijselaers. "Processing of Thermotropic Copolyesters." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—4, 361–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0767-6_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermotrope"

1

Gladen, Adam C., Jane H. Davidson, and Susan C. Mantell. "The Effect of a Thermotropic Material on the Optical Efficiency and Stagnation Temperature of a Polymer Flat Plate Solar Collector." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6608.

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Solar hot water and space heating systems constructed of commodity polymers have the potential to significantly reduce the initial cost of solar thermal systems. However, a polymer absorber must be prevented from exceeding its maximum service temperature during stagnation. Here we consider the addition of a thermotropic material to the surface of the absorber. The thermotropic layer provides passive overheat protection by switching from high transmittance during normal operation to high reflectance if the temperature of the absorber becomes too high. In this paper, a one dimensional model of a glazed, flat-plate collector with a polymer absorber and thermotropic material is used to determine the effects of the optical properties of a thermotropic material on optical efficiency and stagnation temperature of the collector. A key result is identification of the reflectance in the translucent state required to provide overheat protection for potential polymer absorber materials. For example, the reflectance of a thermotropic material in the translucent state should be greater than or equal to 51% for a polypropylene absorber which has a maximum service temperature of 115 °C.

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2

RUSEK, JOHN. "Thermotropic liquid crystal polymers." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3375.

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3

Gladen, Adam C., Susan C. Mantell, and Jane H. Davidson. "A Parametric Numerical Study of Radiative Transfer in Thermotropic Materials." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17183.

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A thermotropic material is modeled as an absorbing, thin slab containing anisotropic scattering, monodisperse, spherical particles. Monte Carlo ray tracing is used to solve the governing equation of radiative transfer. Predicted results are validated by comparison to the measured normal-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance of samples with various volume fraction and relative index of refraction. A parametric study elucidates the effects of particle size parameter, scattering albedo, and optical thickness on the normal-hemispherical transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance. The results are interpreted for a thermotropic material used for overheat protection of a polymer solar absorber. For the preferred particle size parameter of 2, the optical thickness should be less than 0.3 to ensure high transmittance in the clear state. To significantly reduce the transmittance and increase the reflectance in the translucent state, the optical thickness should be greater than 2.5 and the scattering albedo should be greater than 0.995. For optical thickness greater than 5, the reflectance is asymptotic and any further reduction in transmittance is through increased absorptance. A case study is used to illustrate how the parametric study can be used to guide the design of thermotropic materials. Low molecular weighted polyethylene in poly(methyl methacrylate) is identified as a potential thermotropic material. For this material and a particle radius of 200 nm, it is determined that the volume fraction and thickness should equal 10% and 1 mm, respectively.

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Wilson, Helen R., Joerg Ferber, and Werner J. Platzer. "Optical properties of thermotropic layers." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, edited by Volker Wittwer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185390.

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5

Ayop, Shahrul Kadri, and Keiji Sasaki. "Optical Force Manipulation of Nematic Liquid Crystal Assembly." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2018.18a_211b_2.

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Friebel, Patrick, Daria Galimberti, Riccardo Piccoli, and Laura Cattaneo. "THz spectroscopy of thermotropic liquid crystals." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XVIII, edited by Igor Muševič, Liang-Chy Chien, and Nelson V. Tabiryan. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2646581.

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Otowski, Wojciech. "Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of thermotropic liquid crystals." In Liquid Crystals, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, Jerzy Zielinski, and Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.299978.

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Kopcansky, P., I. Potocova, M. Koneracka, M. Timko, Jan Jadzyn, Grzegorz Czechowski, and A. M. Jansen. "The structural transitions in the thermotropic ferronematics." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.581104.

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Ha, Sie-Tiong, and Kok-Leei Foo. "New thermotropic liquid crystals with benzoxazole core." In The 15th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-15-00747.

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SHELLEY, J. "Propulsion applications for thermotropic liquid crystal polymers." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3376.

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Reports on the topic "Thermotrope"

1

Rusek, J. J., and M. Macler. Propellant Containment Via Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341792.

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2

Kojima, M., and J. H. Magill. Influence of Side-Groups on Thermotropic Behavior of Polyorganophosphazenes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197852.

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Resch, Katharina, Andreas Weber, and Dieter P. Gruber. IEA-SHC Task 39 INFO Sheet C3 - Overheating protection thermotropic layer. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task39-2015-0018.

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DiBenedetto, A. T., L. Nicolais, E. Amendola, C. Carfagna, and M. R. Nobile. The Effect of Hot Drawing on the Properties of Thermotropic Polymer Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205263.

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Naslund, Robert A., and Phillip L. Jones. Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253616.

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6

Azaroff, Leonid V. X-Ray Diffraction by Thermotropic Main-Chain Polymers Having Side Groups. Part A. Diffraction Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199251.

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Komiya, Zen, Coleen Pugh, and Richard R. Schrock. Synthesis of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers by Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization. 1. Influence of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity, and Flexible Spacer Length (n=2-8) on the Thermotropic behavior of the Resulting Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248699.

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