Journal articles: 'Thermosensitive behaviour'

1

Xiao, Heng, Otto Bruhns, and Albert Meyers. "Thermoinduced plastic flow and shape memory effects." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 38, no. 2 (2011): 155–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam1102155x.

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We propose an enhanced form of thermocoupled J2-flow models of finite deformation elastoplasticity with temperature-dependent yielding and hardening behaviour. The thermomechanical constitutive structure of these models is rendered free and explicit in the rigorous sense of thermodynamic consistency. Namely, with a free energy function explicitly introduced in terms of almost any given form of the thermomechanical constitutive functions, the requirements from the second law are identically fulfilled with positive internal dissipation. We study the case when a dependence of yielding and hardening on temperature is given and demonstrate that thermosensitive yielding with anisotropic hardening may give rise to appreciable plastic flow either in a process of heating or in a cyclic process of heating/cooling, thus leading to the findings of one- and two-way thermoinduced plastic flow. We then show that such theoretical findings turn out to be the effects found in shape memory materials, such as one- and two-way memory effects. Thus, shape memory effects may be explained to be thermoinduced plastic flow resulting from thermosensitive yielding and hardening behaviour. These and other relevant facts may suggest that, from a phenomenological standpoint, thermocoupled elastoplastic J2-flow models with thermosensitive yielding and hardening may furnish natural, straightforward descriptions of thermomechanical behaviour of shape memory materials.

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Sergeeva, Olga, Petr S. Vlasov, Nina S. Domnina, Anna Bogomolova, Petr V. Konarev, Dmitri I. Svergun, Zuzana Walterova, Jiri Horsky, Petr Stepanek, and Sergey K. Filippov. "Novel thermosensitive telechelic PEGs with antioxidant activity: synthesis, molecular properties and conformational behaviour." RSC Adv. 4, no. 79 (2014): 41763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06978a.

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Hori, Tetsuro, Toshikazu Kiyohara, Yutaka Oomura, Hitoo Nishino, Shuji Aou, and Ichiro Fujita. "The responses of monkey preoptic thermosensitive neurons during thermoregulatory cooling behaviour." Neuroscience Research Supplements 5 (January 1987): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(87)90200-3.

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Rossi, Barbara, Valentina Venuti, Francesco D'Amico, Alessandro Gessini, Andrea Mele, Carlo Punta, Lucio Melone, et al. "Toward an understanding of the thermosensitive behaviour of pH-responsive hydrogels based on cyclodextrins." Soft Matter 11, no. 29 (2015): 5862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01093d.

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Ilic-Stojanovic, Snezana, Ljubisa Nikolic, Vesna Nikolic, Mihajlo Stankovic, Jakov Stamenkovic, Ivana Mladenovic-Ranisavljevic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Influence of monomer and crosslinker molar ratio on the swelling behaviour of thermosensitive hydrogels." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110711040i.

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The synthesis of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate) hydrogel along with the analysis of the residual monomers content and influence of monomer and crosslinker molar ratios on the swelling behaviour was investigated. Synthesis of thermosensitive hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide was carried out with the molar ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol. % of monomer 2- hydroxypropyl-methacrylate, in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker (1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mol. %) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitril) as an initiator in acetone. The quantities of residual monomers in the synthesized copolymers were determined by HPLC method, ranging from 0.19 to 0.49 % for N-isopropylacrylamide and from 0.13 to 0.63 % for 2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylate, counting the amount of xerogel. The hydrogels swelling ratio depending on time at 20 and 40?C was examined. It was found that hydrogel with 5 mol. % 2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylate and 1 mol. % ethylene glycol dimethacrylate had the highest degree of swelling (? = 29.59) at 20?C, and that hydrogel with 20 mol. % 2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylate and 3 mol. % ethylene glycol dimethacrylate had the lowest swelling degree (? = 2.17) at 40?C.

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Lamba, Navneet Kumar. "Thermosensitive Response of a Functionally Graded Cylinder with Fractional Order Derivative." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2022-0008.

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Abstract The present paper deals with thermal behaviour analysis of an axisymmetric functionally graded thermosensitive hollow cylinder. The system of coordinates are expressed in cylindrical-polar form. The heat conduction equation is of time-fractional order 0 < α ≤ 2, subjected to the effect of internal heat generation. Convective boundary conditions are applied to inner and outer curved surfaces whereas heat dissipates following Newton’s law of cooling. The lower surface is subjected to heat flux, whereas the upper surface is thermally insulated. Kirchhoff’s transformation is used to remove the nonlinearity of the heat equation and further it is solved to find temperature and associated stresses by applying integral transformation method. For numerical analysis a ceramic-metal-based functionally graded material is considered and the obtained results of temperature distribution and associated stresses are presented graphically.

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Voycheva, Christina, Marta Slavkova, Teodora Popova, Diana Tzankova, Denitsa Stefanova, Virginia Tzankova, Ivelina Ivanova, et al. "Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Parenteral Application of Chemotherapeutics." Gels 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2023): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9090769.

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Hydrogels can offer many opportunities for drug delivery strategies. They can be used on their own, or their benefits can be further exploited in combination with other nanocarriers. Intelligent hydrogels that react to changes in the surrounding environment can be utilized as gatekeepers and provide sustained on-demand drug release. In this study, a hybrid nanosystem for temperature- and pH-sensitive delivery was prepared from MCM-41 nanoparticles grafted with a newly synthesized thermosensitive hydrogel (MCM-41/AA-g-PnVCL). The initial particles were chemically modified by the attachment of carboxyl groups. Later, they were grafted with agar (AA) and vinylcaprolactam (VCL) by free radical polymerization. Doxorubicin was applied as a model hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drug. The successful formulation was confirmed by FT-IR and TGA. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis showed small particles with negative zeta potential. Their release behaviour was investigated in vitro in media with different pH and at different temperatures. Under tumour simulating conditions (40 °C and pH 4.0), doxorubicin was almost completely released within 72 h. The biocompatibility of the proposed nanoparticles was demonstrated by in vitro haemolysis assay. These results suggest the possible parenteral application of the newly prepared hydrogel-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for temperature-sensitive and pH-triggered drug delivery at the tumour site.

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Gutierres, A., S. Pascual, L. Fontaine, S. Piogé, and L. Benyahia. "The effect of metal ions on the viscoelastic properties of thermosensitive sol-to-gel reversible metallo-supramolecular hydrogels." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 18 (2018): 2494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py02118f.

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Geever, Luke M., César M. Mínguez, Declan M. Devine, Michael J. D. Nugent, James E. Kennedy, John G. Lyons, Austin Hanley, Sinead Devery, Paul T. Tomkins, and Clement L. Higginbotham. "The synthesis, swelling behaviour and rheological properties of chemically crosslinked thermosensitive copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide." Journal of Materials Science 42, no. 12 (March 8, 2007): 4136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0912-z.

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Wang, Xiaoyun, and Jing Zhang. "Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) stabilized size controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its improved antimicrobial activity for wound healing and nursing care after femoral fracture during surgery." Materials Express 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1878.

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In this research, a thermo-sensitive copolymer PNIPAAm-co-MHq was used to successfully synthesize different nano sizes silver nanoparticles in the ranges between 1.5 to 4 nm with uniform dispersion. The polymeric assisted synthesized Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs@PM) exhibited reasonable solution stability and thermalresponsive behaviour. In specific, AgNPs@PM3 (1.59 nm) displayed improved bacterial resistance against clinically approved anti-biotic resistant bacterial pathigens with very low MIC value (4.05 μg/mL). Subsequently, the thermal responsive polymeric molecular structure on AgNPs synthesis has been established that significant temperature dependened anti-bacterial efficiency. It was also observed that the nonparticipants size, temperature responses and proportion of thermosensitive copolymer also influenced the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs@PM. Resulting thermal sensitive polymer nanocomposite can be extremely beneficial for wound healing treatment after femoral fracture surgery.

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Geever, Luke M., Declan M. Devine, Michael J. D. Nugent, James E. Kennedy, John G. Lyons, Austin Hanley, and Clement L. Higginbotham. "Lower critical solution temperature control and swelling behaviour of physically crosslinked thermosensitive copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide." European Polymer Journal 42, no. 10 (October 2006): 2540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.06.002.

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Zhuo, Shuo, Elaine Halligan, Billy Shu Hieng Tie, Colette Breheny, and Luke M. Geever. "Lower Critical Solution Temperature Tuning and Swelling Behaviours of NVCL-Based Hydrogels for Potential 4D Printing Applications." Polymers 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153155.

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The phase transitions of poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) (PNVCL) hydrogels are currently under investigation as possible materials for biomedical applications thanks to their thermosensitive properties. This study aims to use the photopolymerisation process to simulate the 4D printing process. NVCL-based polymers with different thermal properties and swellability were prepared to explore the possibility of synthetic hydrogels being used for 4D printing. In this contribution, the thermal behaviours of novel photopolymerised NVCL-based hydrogels were analysed. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the physically crosslinked gels was detected using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and cloud point measurement. The chemical structure of the xerogels was characterised by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pulsatile swelling studies indicated that the hydrogels had thermo-reversible properties. As a result, the effect of varying the macromolecular monomer concentration was apparent. The phase transition temperature is increased when different concentrations of hydrophilic monomers are incorporated. The transition temperature of the hydrogels may allow for excellent flexibility in tailoring transition for specific applications, while the swelling and deswelling behaviour of the gels is strongly temperature- and monomer feed ratio-dependent.

13

Harrison, Adrian B., Matthew Oswald, and Sean T. Sweeney. "Teaching report: the use of Drosophila melanogaster larval thermosensitive escape behaviour as a model system to demonstrate sensory function." Invertebrate Neuroscience 11, no. 2 (October 14, 2011): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10158-011-0123-4.

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14

Mansha, Saira, Amna Sajjad, Aneeqa Zarbab, Tahmina Afzal, Zakia Kanwal, Muhammad Javaid Iqbal, Mohsin Ali Raza, and Sharafat Ali. "Development of pH-Responsive, Thermosensitive, Antibacterial, and Anticancer CS/PVA/Graphene Blended Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery." Gels 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10030205.

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Drug delivery techniques based on polymers have been investigated for their potential to improve drug solubility, reduce systemic side effects, and controlled and targeted administration at infection site. In this study, we developed a co-polymeric hydrogel composed of graphene sheets (GNS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CS) that is loaded with methotrexate (MTX) for in vitro liver cancer treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to check the structural properties and surface morphology. Moreover, tests were conducted on the cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, release kinetics, swelling behaviour and degradation of hydrogels. A controlled release of drug from hydrogel in PBS at pH 7.4 was examined using release kinetics. Maximal drug release in six hours was 97.34%. The prepared hydrogels did not encourage the HepG2 growth and were non-hemolytic. The current study highlights the potential of GNS-based hydrogel loaded with MTX as an encouraging therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. HepG2 cell viability of MTX-loaded CS-PVA-GNS hydrogel was (IC50 5.87 µg/200 mL) in comparison to free MTX (IC50 5.03 µg/200 mL). These outcomes recommend that hydrogels with GNS ensure improved drug delivery in cancer microenvironment while lessening adverse consequences on healthy cells.

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Gingter, Sabrina, Ella Bezdushna, and Helmut Ritter. "Chiral recognition of macromolecules with cyclodextrins: pH- and thermosensitive copolymers from N-isopropylacrylamide and N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine and their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (February 14, 2011): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.27.

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In the present work we report the enantioselective recognition of water soluble stimuli-responsive polymers bearing phenylalanine moieties via host-guest interaction with β-cyclodextrin and randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB-CD). We synthesised N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine monomers (2 D , 2 L ) which were then copolymerised under free radical conditions with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The resulting copolymers 3 D and 3 L exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 25 °C. As a further benefit, the presence of a free carboxylic group in the copolymer system gives a high sensitivity to the pH value in respect to the LCST value. The enantioselective recognition of the side groups of copolymers 3 D and 3 L and their solubility behaviour were investigated by dynamic light scattering and 2D NMR spectroscopy, respectively.

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Sanjeevani Shekhar Deshkar, Rutuja Prakash Bokare, and Suhas Ashok Todmal. "Formulation and Evaluation of Microemulsion Based in Situ Gel of Acyclovir for Vaginal Delivery." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 6336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3389.

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The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate microemulsion based in situ gel of Acyclovir (ACV) for the vaginal delivery. The solubility of ACV in oils and surfactants and co-surfactant was evaluated to identify the components of the microemulsion. Microemulsion region was determined by using the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams for different formulations. Microemulsion formulation was prepared using Labrafil M1994C as oil phase, Cremophor RH40 as surfactant and Polyethylene glycol 400 and Transcutol P as co-surfactant and water. Microemulsion formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, conductivity and stability study. In situ gel of ACV, microemulsion was prepared using thermosensitive polymer, poloxamer.In situ gelwas characterized for viscosity, gelling temperature, the effect of dilution on gelling temperature, gelling ability, and in vitro drug release and release kinetics. The globule size of developed microemulsion was less than 100 nm with PDI in the range 0.307 to 0.641. The optimized microemulsion based in situ gel demonstrated shear thinning behaviour, the gelation temperature with and without dilution was in the range of 30-35ºC, and the drug release was sustained over eight hours. Mucoadhesive properties of microemulsion based in situ gel formulations were determined with a texture analyzer using a goat vaginal tissue, and the results indicated that the presence of microemulsion increased the mucoadhesion significantly. Microemulsion based in situ gel was successfully developed for vaginal delivery of Acyclovir.

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Vojtova, Lucy, Lenka Michlovska, Kristyna Valova, Marek Zboncak, Martin Trunec, Klara Castkova, Milan Krticka, et al. "The Effect of the Thermosensitive Biodegradable PLGA–PEG–PLGA Copolymer on the Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Thixotropic Self-Hardening Tricalcium Phosphate Cement." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020391.

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The current limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) used in the field of bone regeneration consist of their brittleness, low injectability, disintegration in body fluids and low biodegradability. Moreover, no method is currently available to measure the setting time of CPCs in correlation with the evolution of the setting reaction. The study proposes that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of CPCs via the addition of a thermosensitive, biodegradable, thixotropic copolymer based on poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) which undergoes gelation under physiological conditions. The setting times of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) mixed with aqueous solutions of PLGA–PEG–PLGA determined by means of time-sweep curves revealed a lag phase during the dissolution of the α-TCP particles. The magnitude of the storage modulus at lag phase depends on the liquid to powder ratio, the copolymer concentration and temperature. A sharp increase in the storage modulus was observed at the time of the precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) crystals, representing the loss of paste workability. The PLGA–PEG–PLGA copolymer demonstrates the desired pseudoplastic rheological behaviour with a small decrease in shear stress and the rapid recovery of the viscous state once the shear is removed, thus preventing CPC phase separation and providing good cohesion. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests performed on human mesenchymal stem cells proved the suitability of the novel copolymer/α-TCP for the purposes of mini-invasive surgery.

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Ilić-Stojanović, Snežana S., Zorica B. Eraković, Vukašin Ugrinović, and Slobodan D. Petrović. "Analyses of structure and thermal properties of synthesized crosslinked poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) hydrogels." Chemia Naissensis 4, no. 2 (2022): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/chemn4.2.29si.

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This paper describes the process for the synthesis of chemically crosslinked copolymer hydrogels based on monomer 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and comonomer vinyl acetate, using the varied content of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker, by the free radical polymerization method with thermal initiation. The content of unreacted reactants after poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl-acetate), p(VP-VA), hydrogels synthesis was examined using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Structure characterization of the obtained p(VP-VA) hydrogels was performed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this study, the influences of crosslinker content and temperature on the swelling behaviour of p(VP-VA) were studied. Quantities of unreacted comonomers and crosslinker, calculated in relation to the initial amount present in the reaction mixture, confirmed their successful conversion into p(VP-VA) hydrogels. These unreacted values of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (in range of 0.605-1.609%), vinyl acetate (in range of 2.486-4.798%), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (in range of 0.889-3.240%) were within acceptable limits, and they were removed from the final products. FTIR spectra were verified that the copolymerization process was performed, and chemically crosslinking of polymer chains occurred by breaking double bonds from the reactants. Obtained crosslinked copolymers could be classified in the class of negative-thermosensitive hydrogels because they can swell and pass through a phase transition when heated from the swollen state at 25ºC to contracted state at 80ºC.

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Tshai, Kim Yeow, Mei Hua Chin, Siew Shee Lim, Hwei San Loh, Ernest Hsin Nam Yong, and Tamrin Nuge. "Fish Scale Collagen Functionalized Thermo-Responsive Nanofibres." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.189.

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Smart thermosensitive polymer such as poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dominant fibrous protein of connective tissue such as collagen (CLG) possess great potential in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. The objectives of current work aim to explore potential of PNIPAM and collagen by (i) establish a stable procedure to extract collagen from fresh water Tilapia fish scale (TFS) and (ii) fabricate PNIPAM and hybrid PNIPAM-CLG nanofibrous scaffolds through electrospinning technique and investigate their material-process-structure behaviour. Type I collagen was derived through acid hydrolysis of TFS. Electrospinning of PNIPAM was carried out with 16, 18 and 20 wt% PNIPAM concentration in methanol (MeOH) while PNIPAM-CLG was prepared through blending measured quantity of PNIPAM dissolved in water with collagen dissolved in acetic acid. Material properties, viscosity, morphology and thermo-physical behaviors of the derived collagen, electrospun PNIPAM and PNIPAM-CLG scaffolds were characterized. Results from SDS-PAGE and FTIR confirmed that the isolated TFS collagen is of type I. EDX revealed that demineralization eliminated the aluminium, magnesium, silicon and phosphorus while significantly reduced the sulfur elements from raw TFS. SEM observation of the collagen morphology shown a fluffy and fibrillary lamellae structure. Electrospun scaffolds were successfully fabricated with 16 and 18 wt% PNIPAM in MeOH. Both homogeneity and average fibre diameter (Davg) were greater in the 18 wt% PNIPAM scaffold, in which the Davg for 16 and 18 wt% were ~110 and ~131.7 nm respectively. However, PNIPAM at 20 wt% failed to be electrospun owing to its excessively high viscosity. On the other hand, SEM observation revealed that the electrospun hybrid PNIPAM-CLG scaffold has Davg of ~105.5 nm amid the presence of numerous elongated beads.

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Shao, Pengyu, Bochu Wang, Yazhou Wang, Jun Li, and Yiqiong Zhang. "The Application of Thermosensitive Nanocarriers in Controlled Drug Delivery." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/389640.

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Thermosensitive nanocarriers as the “smart” drug delivery systems have shown tremendous promise in the field of controlled drug delivery due to their special property. Thermosensitive nanocarriers with long circulation properties can accumulate in the pathological sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or attach targeting ligands to the surface of the nanocarriers, and the drug release rates of these pharmaceutical nanocarriers can be adjusted in response to thermal variability of the environment. In this paper, we first discuss the classification of thermosensitive polymer according to their functional properties in thermosensitive nanocarriers. On the basis of this, our main purposes are focused on reviewing the characteristics of various thermosensitive nanocarriers including the strategies for their functionalization, thermosensitive behavior, or site-specific targeting. Furthermore, the paper discusses the current and future trends of the thermosensitive nanocarriers in controlled drug delivery.

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Hori, Tetsuro, Toshikazu Kiyohara, Toshihiro Nakashima, Masaaki Shibata, and Hisao Koga. "Multimodal responses of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic neurons to thermal and nonthermal homeostatic parameters." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-205.

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The hypothesis that thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic nuclei (POAH) have a principal role in central thermoregulation is based on numerous findings, suggesting correlations between the activity of thermosensitive neurons and thermoregulatory responses. Such relationships have been observed during thermal (local and peripheral) and pharmacological stimulation, during modulation of neural inputs from extra-POAH brain regions, and during actual thermoregulatory responses. Recent studies using in vitro slice preparations and conscious animals have revealed that 40–70% of POAH thermosensitive neurons respond to nonthermal homeostatic parameters such as local osmolality, blood pressure, and nonthermal emotional stimuli. About two-thirds of the POAH thermosensitive neurons, which responded in monkeys during bar press thermoregulatory tasks, changed their activity during bar press feeding behavior. A high degree of convergence of thermal and nonthermal homeostatic signals on the POAH neurons, together with abundant neural connections between the POAH and divergent areas of the brain, suggests that POAH thermosensitive neurons may be involved in the coordination of thermoregulation and nonthermal autonomic and behavioral responses controlled from the hypothalamus.

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Aoki, Reiko, Manabu Enoki, and Ryo Yoshida. "Mechanical Behavior during Self-Oscillating of NIPAAm-Co-(Ru(bpy)₃ Gel." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2235.

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Self-oscillating gel is designed by copolymerizing the catalyst for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with thermosensitive polymer. The cylindrical-shaped specimens of NIPAAm-co-(Ru(bpy)3 gel were prepared by copolymerizing (Ru(bpy)3) monomer as catalyst with NIPAAm as thermosensitive polymer. Swelling behavior during self-oscillating of gel by BZ reaction was observed using CCD camera and the force due to this reaction was evaluated using semiconductor gauge. Self-oscillating swelling-deswelling behavior in samples with different swelling ratio was evaluated by this apparatus, and mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, stress amplitude and oscillating period were quantitatively estimated.

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Ma, Lan, and Peiyi Wu. "The role of unique spatial structure in the volume phase transition behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based interpenetrating polymer network microgels including a thermosensitive poly(ionic liquid)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 12 (2018): 8077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00340h.

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Ding, Fuyuan, Zheng Tang, Beibei Ding, Yuan Xiong, Jie Cai, Hongbing Deng, Yumin Du, and Xiaowen Shi. "Tunable thermosensitive behavior of multiple responsive chitin." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2, no. 20 (2014): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00067f.

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Wu, Hongya, Caihui Wang, Hua Fu, Ji Zhou, and Shuzhi Zheng. "Unipolar memristive switching in bulk positive temperature coefficient ceramic thermistor." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 04 (February 10, 2016): 1650025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916500251.

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A memristive switching phenomena was investigated in macroscale bulk positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermosensitive ceramics. (Ba[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text])TiO3, which is a well-known PTC thermistor, was taken as an example to analyze the memristive behavior of those macroscale bulk ceramics. Hysteretic current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, which are the features of memristor were obtained. The origin of the effect is attributed to the PTC thermosensitive characteristic of the bulk ceramics, and a switching mechanism driven by competing field-driven heat generation and heat dissipation was proposed.

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Hewavisenthi, Suhashini, and C. John Parmenter. "Thermosensitive period for sexual differentiation of the gonads of the flatback turtle (Natator depressus Garman)." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 5 (2002): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02014.

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Temperature-dependent sex determination has previously been reported for the flatback turtle (Natator depressus). The present study investigates the thermosensitive embryonic developmental stages for the sexual differentiation of this species. Groups of eggs incubated initially at constant temperatures of 26, 29 and 32�C were shifted once during incubation from either a constant masculinising temperature (26 or 29�C) to a constant feminising temperature (32�C) or vice versa. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that the effect of temperature and the timing of the thermosensitive period are dependent upon the specific temperature utilised during incubation. The thermosensitive developmental stages at masculinising temperatures were different to those of feminising temperatures. For the 26 to 32�C temperature shift, the thermosensitive period was confined to a single developmental stage (Stage 24). Ovarian development was determined at a later developmental stage than testicular development.

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Yokota, Daichi, Arihiro Kanazawa, and Sadahito Aoshima. "Precise synthesis of UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers with pendant imidazolium ionic liquid segments and their thermosensitive physical gelation at extremely low concentrations in water." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01139g.

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UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized via living cationic polymerization and subsequent polymer reaction and they exhibited thermosensitive physical gelation behavior at an extremely low concentration in water.

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Kumar, Amit, Pen-Yi Hsieh, Muhammad Omar Shaikh, R. K. Rakesh Kumar, and Cheng-Hsin Chuang. "Flexible Temperature Sensor Utilizing MWCNT Doped PEG-PU Copolymer Nanocomposites." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020197.

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In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyurethane (PU)-based shape-stabilized copolymer nanocomposites were synthesized and utilized for developing low-cost and flexible temperature sensors. PU was utilized as a flexible structural material for loading a thermosensitive phase change PEG polymer by means of physical mixing and chemical crosslinking. Furthermore, the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a conductive filler in the PEG-PU copolymer resulted in a nanocomposite with thermoresistive properties. MWCNT loading concentrations from 2 wt.% to 10 wt.% were investigated, to attain the optimum conductivity of the nanocomposite. Additionally, the effect of MWCNT loading concentration on the thermosensitive behavior of the nanocomposite was analyzed in the temperature range 25 °C to 50 °C. The thermosensitive properties of the physically mixed and crosslinked polymeric nanocomposites were compared by spin coating the respective nanocomposites on screen printed interdigitated (IDT) electrodes, to fabricate the temperature sensor. The chemically crosslinked MWCNT-PEG-PU polymeric nanocomposite showed an improved thermosensitive behavior in the range 25 °C to 50 °C, compared to the physically mixed nanocomposite. The detailed structural, morphological, thermal, and phase transition properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using XRD, FTIR, and DSC analysis. XRD and FTIR were used to analyze the crystallinity and PEG-PU bonding of the copolymer nanocomposite, respectively; while the dual phase (solid–liquid) transition of PEG was analyzed using DSC. The proposed nanocomposite-based flexible temperature sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, reliability and shows promise for a wide range of bio-robotic and healthcare applications.

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Li, Liang, Jixiang Guo, and Chuanhong Kang. "LCST-UCST Transition Property of a Novel Retarding Swelling and Thermosensitive Particle Gel." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072761.

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Super absorbent resin particles used as profile control and water plugging agent remains a deficiency that the particles swells with high speed when absorbing water, resulting in low strength and limited depth of migration. To address this issue, we proposed a thermosensitive particle gel possessing the upper critical solution temperature (UCST), which was synthesized from hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVA) with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. The structure of the hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermosensitive-transparency measurement and swelling experiment show that the hydrophobic-modified PVA solutions and corresponding hydrogels exhibited thermosensitive phase transition behaviors with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and UCST. The results indicated that the temperature-induced phase transition behavior of CHPVA hydrogels leads to their retarding swelling property and great potential as an efficient water plugging agent with excellent temperature and salt resistance.

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Sisworo, Raden Rinova, Masato Hasegawa, Kousuke Nakashima, Yu Norimatsu, and Yukio Tada. "Generation of Monodispersed Spherical Thermosensitive Gels and Their Swelling and Shrinking Behaviors in Aqueous Polymeric Solutions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062016.

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This study investigates the factors affecting the formation of monodispersed thermosensitive gels and the parameters influencing the movement of gel particles containing N-isopropyl acrylamide in an aqueous polymeric solution in an upper heating system. Monodispersed thermosensitive gels were generated, and their swelling and shrinking behaviors were observed. The results revealed that continuous-phase flow rate and kinematic viscosity were most influential on the size of the monodispersed thermosensitive gels, which exhibited swelling and shrinking at both low and high temperatures of the polymeric aqueous solution, respectively, and demonstrated negative thermal expansion. In a low-temperature solution, the buoyancy force acting on the gel particles exceeded the gravitational force, because of which the size of the gels increased and the gels to ascended. At higher temperatures, the gels shrank because the gravitational force outweighed the buoyancy force, causing the gels to descend. The gels with a larger diameter tended to have longer durations of vertical movements within the aqueous polymeric solution than the smaller-sized gels; moreover, equilibrium conditions were quickly achieved by the smaller gels.

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Tamaki, Mamiko, and Chie Kojima. "pH-Switchable LCST/UCST-type thermosensitive behaviors of phenylalanine-modified zwitterionic dendrimers." RSC Advances 10, no. 18 (2020): 10452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00499e.

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Lee, C. H., and Y. C. Bae. "Effect of surfactants on the swelling behaviors of thermosensitive hydrogels: applicability of the generalized Langmuir isotherm." RSC Advances 6, no. 105 (2016): 103811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19696a.

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Chanaj-Kaczmarek, Justyna, Tomasz Osmałek, Emilia Szymańska, Katarzyna Winnicka, Tomasz M. Karpiński, Magdalena Dyba, Marta Bekalarska-Dębek, and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek. "Development and Evaluation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels with Binary Mixture of Scutellariae baicalensis radix Extract and Chitosan for Periodontal Diseases Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 11319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111319.

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Scutellaria baicalensis root displays anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties due to the presence of flavonoids, particularly baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin. Our work aimed at developing thermosensitive hydrogels containing a binary mixture of S. baicalensis radix lyophilized extract and chitosan as a novel approach for periodontal diseases treatment. Two types of chitosan were employed in preliminary studies on binary mixtures with S. baicalensis radix lyophilized extract standardized for baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin. Thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared of poloxamer 407, alginate sodium, and cellulose derivatives and evaluated in terms of rheological and mucoadhesive behavior. The presence of chitosan altered the release profile of active compounds but did not affect their in vitro permeation behavior in PAMPA assay. The synergistic effects of S. baicalensis radix lyophilized extract and chitosan toward ferrous ion-chelating activity, inhibition of hyaluronidase, and pathogen growth were observed. The thermosensitive gelling system showed shear-thinning properties, gelation temperature between 25 and 27 °C, and favorable mucoadhesiveness in contact with porcine buccal mucosa, which was enhanced in the presence of binary mixture of S. baicalensis radix extract and chitosan. The release tests showed that baicalin and baicalein were liberated in a prolonged manner with a fast onset from hydrogel formulations.

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Oswald, Matthew, Beata Rymarczyk, Alastair Chatters, and Sean Sweeney. "A novel thermosensitive escape behavior in Drosophila larvae." Fly 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/fly.5.4.17810.

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Gotoh, Takehiko, Yoshio Maeda, Yuko Nakatani, and Shuji Sakohara. "Characterization and Swelling Behavior of Thermosensitive Porous Gel." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 37, no. 5 (2004): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.37.597.

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Safi, Syed Ragib, Toshiki Kaneko, Katsuhiro Nakahara, Takehiko Gotoh, and Takashi Iizawa. "The Removal of Hydrophobic Matter from Thermosensitive Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) Monomethyl Ether Acrylate] Gel Adsorbent in Alcohol–Water Mixtures." Gels 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040200.

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A thermosensitive gel that exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) becomes hydrophilic at low temperatures and hydrophobic at high temperatures in water. A system for absorbing hydrophobic organic matters that exploits this property has been reported. While washing the gel at a low temperature with a good solvent is a possible method for removing the adsorbed matter, a process that then shrinks the gel is also required. Herein, we focused on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) mono(m)ethyl ether acrylate] (POEGA) gels as thermosensitive gels suitable for use in this system. POEGAs are known to contain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units in their side chains and exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aliphatic alcohols. By exploiting this property, we developed a method for removing hydrophobic matters that accumulate in these gels; we also evaluated the LCST and UCST behavior of POEGA gels in alcohol–water mixtures, and measured the LCSTs of these gels in water and their UCSTs in some alcohols.

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Mahadlek, J., J. Charoenteeraboon, Supab Choopun, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Role of Zinc Oxide on Rheology of Thermosensitive Gel Developed for Periodontitis Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.479.

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Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss, therefore a more recent approach such as thermosensitive gel is loaded with antimicrobial drugs to be delivered locally to the periodontal pocket. The effect of ZnO on thermosensitive gel properties including gelation-gel melting temperature, rheology, syringeability, and the release behavior of antimicrobial drug such as doxycycline hyclate were investigated. The increased amount of ZnO apparently decreased the gelation temperature of the Lutrol® F127 system. Syringeability of the doxycycline hyclate-Lutrol® F127 systems were increased with the increased amount of ZnO. System comprising zinc oxide could prolong the release of doxycycline hyclate from Lutrol F127 systems and could be delivered from a syringe through a needle for utilizing in periodontitis therapy at the periodontal pocket.

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QIU, Liyan. "Thermosensitive self-assembly behaviors of novel amphiphilic polyphosphazenes." Chinese Science Bulletin 50, no. 14 (2005): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/982004-115.

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Chen, Ming-Qing, Takeshi Serizawa, Mei Li, Chi Wu, and Mitsuru Akashi. "Thermosensitive Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafted Polystyrene Nanoparticles." Polymer Journal 35, no. 12 (December 2003): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.901.

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Abbadessa, Anna, Mariana Landín, Erik Oude Blenke, Wim E. Hennink, and Tina Vermonden. "Two-component thermosensitive hydrogels: Phase separation affecting rheological behavior." European Polymer Journal 92 (July 2017): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.029.

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Liao, Qian, Qiaolan Shao, Gao Qiu, and Xihua Lu. "Methacrylic acid-triggered phase transition behavior of thermosensitive hydroxypropylcellulose." Carbohydrate Polymers 89, no. 4 (August 2012): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.002.

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Radu, Ionut-Cristian, Andreea-Cristina Ion Mirica, Ariana Hudita, Eugenia Tanasa, Horia Iovu, Catalin Zaharia, and Bianca Galateanu. "Thermosensitive Behavior Defines the Features of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Magnetite Nanoparticles for Cancer Management." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 4870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084870.

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This paper reports the preparation and characterization of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/magnetite nanoparticles in various conditions. The nanoprecipitation conditions address the impact of the temperature on PNIPAM/magnetite nanoparticle features due to the thermosensitive character of PNIPAM. Hybrid nanoparticles with desired features (size, size distribution, agglomeration, and release profile) are prepared by nanoprecipitation in non-solvent (acetone) at various temperatures. These nanoparticles are targeted as nanocarriers to deliver doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Therefore, three temperatures, below the LCST (lower critical solution temperature), around the LCST, and above the LCST, were chosen as the main parameters within nanoprecipitation. Besides temperature, another major parameter drives the nanoparticles’ features: polymer solution concentration. In this regard, two variable parameters were used to study the characteristics of developed hybrid nanoparticles. After preparation, the hybrid nanoparticles were subjected to morphological and size distribution investigation by SEM and DLS. The doxorubicin loading and release measurements were also performed to reveal the behavior of the nanoparticles. Finally, the unloaded and loaded hybrid nanoparticles were biologically assessed within a cancer cells line (MCF7) in terms of biocompatibility, cancer cell viability, and cell morphology.

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Cunha, Sara, Ben Forbes, José Manuel Sousa Lobo, and Ana Catarina Silva. "Thermosensitive Nasal In Situ Gels of Lipid-Based Nanosystems to Improve the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." Proceedings 78, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecp2020-08648.

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Thermosensitive in situ gels are promising formulations for the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), since they increase the residence time of lipid-based nanosystems in the nasal cavity, improving drug therapeutic efficacy. The purpose of this study is to prepare thermosensitive in situ gels with anticholinesterase inhibitor (RVG)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsions to improve the residence time of the formulations in the nasal cavity. Different concentrations of thermosensitive polymers were added to the RVG-loaded NLC and to the RVG-loaded nanoemulsion to optimize the gelation temperature of the in situ gels; concentrations of 17% (%, w/w) of Kolliphor® P407 and 0.3% (%, w/w) of MethocelTM K4M were selected. The in situ gels of the RVG-loaded NLC and RVG-loaded nanoemulsion had a particle size, PDI, ZP, and pH of, respectively: 141.70 ± 0.40 nm and 146.10 ± 1.73 nm; 0.45 ± 0.00 and 0.43 ± 0.02; −4.06 ± 1.03 mV and −4.09 ± 0.71 mV, 6.60 ± 0.01 and 7.00 ± 0.02. In addition, these in situ gels showed a non-Newtonian plastic behavior, and the texture parameters presented desirable values for nasal administration. From these results, we concluded that the developed in situ gels can be used to improve the treatment of AD through the nose-to-brain route.

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Lee, Jeong Yun, Hyun Ho Shin, Chungyeon Cho, and Ji Hyun Ryu. "Effect of Tannic Acid Concentrations on Temperature-Sensitive Sol–Gel Transition and Stability of Tannic Acid/Pluronic F127 Composite Hydrogels." Gels 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2024): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10040256.

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Recently, interest in polyphenol-containing composite adhesives for various biomedical applications has been growing. Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound with advantageous properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, TA contains multiple hydroxyl groups that exhibit biological activity by forming hydrogen bonds with proteins and biomacromolecules. Furthermore, TA-containing polymer composites exhibit excellent tissue adhesion properties. In this study, the gelation behavior and adhesion forces of TA/Pluronic F127 (TA/PluF) composite hydrogels were investigated by varying the TA and PluF concentrations. PluF (above 16 wt%) alone showed temperature-responsive gelation behavior because of the closely packed micelle aggregates. After the addition of a small amount of TA, the TA/PluF hydrogels showed thermosensitive behavior similar to that of PluF hydrogels. However, the TA/PluF hydrogels containing more than 10 wt% TA completely suppressed the thermo-responsive gelation kinetics of PluF, which may have been due to the hydrogen bonds between TA and PluF. In addition, TA/PluF hydrogels with 40 wt% TA showed excellent tissue adhesion properties and bursting pressure in porcine intestinal tissues. These results are expected to aid in understanding the use of mixtures of TA and thermosensitive block copolymers to fabricate adhesive hydrogels for versatile biomedical applications.

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Zhong, Qi, Weinan Wang, Achille Bivigou-Koumba, Andre Laschewsky, Christine Papadakis, Robert Cubitt, and Peter Mueller-Buschbaum. "In-operando study of swelling and switching of thermo-responsive polymer films." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088251.

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Thermo-responsive polymers can exhibit a demixing transition which is of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type. The collapse transition of polymers with such LCST behavior is of great interest for applications where a strong change of volume is desired even for small changes of an external stimulus such as temperature. Examples of applications are valves in micro-fluidics, the release of drugs in the body or sensors. A polymer which is a promising candidate in this context is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM. It exhibits a LCST of about 320C that is attributed to alterations in the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the amide group. A polymer with a higher transition temperature as compared to PNIPAM is the thermosensitive acrylate poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate) or PMDEGA. In thin film geometry, such thermoresponsive polymers are of particular interest for use as thermosensitive surfaces, artificial pumps and muscles, light modulation systems and optical switches. The strong volume change translates into a change of the film thickness due to the thin film geometry. We investigate the kinetics of chain collapse of thin thermosensitive films as a function of quench depth. Homopolymer films and amphiphilic block copolymer films are compared. With time resolved neutron reflectivity (NR) we follow the kinetics of the transition from a swollen to a collapsed thermoresponsive film. Within 15 seconds a full NR curve is probed, which allows to determine the evolution of film thickness and of the water content in real time. Thus, we investigate in-operando the switching behavior caused by a thermal trigger. The observed complex three-step switching of the films is discussed.

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Makvandi, Pooyan, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Matineh Ghomi, Masoud Najafi, Hamid Heydari Sheikh Hossein, Ali Zarrabi, Virgilio Mattoli, and Rajender S. Varma. "Injectable hyaluronic acid-based antibacterial hydrogel adorned with biogenically synthesized AgNPs-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Progress in Biomaterials 10, no. 1 (March 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40204-021-00155-6.

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AbstractInjectable materials have shown great potential in tissue engineering applications. However, bacterial infection is one of the main challenges in using these materials in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticle-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag/MWCNTs) were deployed for adorning biogenic-derived AgNPs which were subsequently used in the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid encompassing these green-synthesized NPs. The antibacterial capacity of AgNPs decorated on MWCNTs synthesized through Camellia sinensis extract in an organic solvent-free medium displayed a superior activity by inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative (E. coli and Klebsiella) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis). The injectable hydrogel nanocomposites demonstrated good mechanical properties, as well. The thermosensitive hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels also exhibited Tgel below the body temperature, indicating the transition from liquid-like behavior to elastic gel-like behavior. Such a promising injectable nanocomposite could be applied as liquid, pomade, or ointment to enter wound cavities or bone defects and subsequently its transition in situ to gel form at human body temperature bodes well for their immense potential application in the biomedical sector.

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Sipos, Bence, Gábor Katona, and Ildikó Csóka. "Risperidone-Loaded Nasal Thermosensitive Polymeric Micelles: Quality by Design-Based Formulation Study." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060703.

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The current research aims to develop thermosensitive polymeric micelles loaded with risperidone for nasal administration, emphasizing the added benefits of their thermosensitive behavior under nasal conditions. An initial risk assessment facilitated the advanced development process, confirming that the key indicators of thermosensitivity were suitable for nasal application. The polymeric micelles exhibited an average size of 118.4 ± 3.1 nm at ambient temperature and a size of 20.47 ± 1.2 nm at 36.5 °C, in both cases in monodisperse distribution. Factors such as pH and viscosity did not significantly impact these parameters, demonstrating appropriate nasal applicability. The model formulations showed a rapid, burst-like drug release profile in vitro, accompanied by a quick and high permeation rate at nasal conditions. Overall, the Quality by Design-based risk assessment process led to the development of an advanced drug delivery system capable of administering risperidone through the nasal cavity.

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Sierra-Martin, Benjamin, Manuel Serrano-Ruiz, Franco Scalambra, Antonio Fernandez-Barbero, and Antonio Romerosa. "Novel Ruthenium-Silver PTA-Based Polymers and Their Behavior in Water." Polymers 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2019): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081249.

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New coordination polymers based on two metal-containing moieties Ru–Ag are synthesized: Na[RuCpX(PTA)-μ-(PTA)-1κP:2κ2N-AgX2]∞ (X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)). Characterization is performed by NMR, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, optical-electron microscopy, and elemental analyses (C, H, N, S). Light scattering is employed to characterize the colloidal particles growth by polymer self-assembling. These structures are stable over a broad range of pH and exhibit thermally-driven swelling, thus resembling a typical thermosensitive hydrogel.

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Lee, Sang Min, and Young Chan Bae. "Swelling Behaviors of Doubly Thermosensitive Core–Shell Nanoparticle Gels." Macromolecules 47, no. 23 (November 19, 2014): 8394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma5020897.

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Wang, Xuezhen, Minxiang Zeng, Yi-Hsien Yu, Huiliang Wang, M. Sam Mannan, and Zhengdong Cheng. "Thermosensitive ZrP-PNIPAM Pickering Emulsifier and the Controlled-Release Behavior." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 8 (February 13, 2017): 7852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16690.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermosensitive behaviour'

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