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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoresponsivity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Pineda-Contreras, Beatriz A., Holger Schmalz, and Seema Agarwal. "pH dependent thermoresponsive behavior of acrylamide–acrylonitrile UCST-type copolymers in aqueous media." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 10 (2016): 1979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00162a.

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2

Li, Yinwen, Huilong Guo, Yunfei Zhang, Jian Zheng, Jianqun Gan, Xiaoxiao Guan, and Mangeng Lu. "Pseudo-graft polymer based on adamantyl-terminated poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) and homopolymer with cyclodextrin as pendant: its thermoresponsivity through polymeric self-assembly and host–guest inclusion complexation." RSC Adv. 4, no. 34 (2014): 17768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47861k.

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3

Amemori, Shogo, Kazuya Iseda, Shizuka Anan, Toshikazu Ono, Kenta Kokado, and Kazuki Sada. "Thermoresponsivity of polymer solution derived from a self-attractive urea unit and a self-repulsive lipophilic ion unit." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 26 (2017): 3921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00591a.

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4

Zhang, Hongcan, Jian Zhang, Wenxue Dai, and Youliang Zhao. "Facile synthesis of thermo-, pH-, CO2- and oxidation-responsive poly(amido thioether)s with tunable LCST and UCST behaviors." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 37 (2017): 5749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01351e.

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Multi-responsive N-substituted poly(amido thioether) copolymers synthesized by one-pot amine–thiol–acrylate polyaddition could exhibit composition-dependent and stimuli-triggered single or double thermoresponsivity.

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5

Fischer, Thorsten, Dan E. Demco, Radu Fechete, Martin Möller, and Smriti Singh. "Poly(vinylamine-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) linear polymer and hydrogels with tuned thermoresponsivity." Soft Matter 16, no. 28 (2020): 6549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00408a.

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Poly(vinylamine-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) linear polymers and hydrogels with tuned thermoresponsivity have been synthetized. They morphology and chain dynamics where investigated by rheology and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, relaxometry and diffusometry.

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6

Cazares-Cortes, Esther, Benjamin C. Baker, Kana Nishimori, Makoto Ouchi, and François Tournilhac. "Polymethacrylic Acid Shows Thermoresponsivity in an Organic Solvent." Macromolecules 52, no. 15 (August 2019): 5995–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00412.

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7

Liu, Fangyao, and Seema Agarwal. "Thermoresponsive Gold Nanoparticles with Positive UCST-Type Thermoresponsivity." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 216, no. 4 (December 18, 2014): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400497.

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8

Marsili, Lorenzo, Michele Dal Bo, Federico Berti, and Giuseppe Toffoli. "Chitosan-Based Biocompatible Copolymers for Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems: On the Development of a Standardization System." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111876.

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Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is considered to be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic. The polymer has been used in drug delivery applications for its positive charge, which allows for adhesion with and recognition of biological tissues via non-covalent interactions. In recent times, chitosan has been used for the preparation of graft copolymers with thermoresponsive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM), allowing the combination of the biodegradability of the natural polymer with the ability to respond to changes in temperature. Due to the growing interest in the utilization of thermoresponsive polymers in the biological context, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the key principles of thermoresponsivity in order to obtain comparable results between different studies or applications. In the present review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of thermoresponsivity, as well as a description of the main polysaccharides and thermoresponsive materials, with a special focus on chitosan and poly-N-Vinyl caprolactam (PNVCL) and their biomedical applications.

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9

Burova, Tatiana V., Valerij Y. Grinberg, Natalia V. Grinberg, Alexander S. Dubovik, Alexander P. Moskalets, Vladimir S. Papkov, and Alexei R. Khokhlov. "Salt-Induced Thermoresponsivity of a Cationic Phosphazene Polymer in Aqueous Solutions." Macromolecules 51, no. 20 (October 2, 2018): 7964–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01621.

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10

Ghosh, Partha S., and Andrew D. Hamilton. "Supramolecular Dendrimers: Convenient Synthesis by Programmed Self-Assembly and Tunable Thermoresponsivity." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 8 (January 20, 2012): 2361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103051.

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11

Chang, Xiaohua, Hailiang Mao, Guorong Shan, Yongzhong Bao, and Pengju Pan. "Tuning the Thermoresponsivity of Amphiphilic Copolymers via Stereocomplex Crystallization of Hydrophobic Blocks." ACS Macro Letters 8, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00125.

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12

Congdon, Thomas, Charline Wilmet, Rebecca Williams, Julia Polt, Mary Lilliman, and Matthew I. Gibson. "Diversely functionalised carbohydrate-centered oligomers and polymers. Thermoresponsivity, lectin binding and degradability." European Polymer Journal 62 (January 2015): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.001.

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13

MOTYL, MAGDALENA, DOMINIK DROZD, KAMIL KAMINSKI, DOROTA BIELSKA, ANNA KAREWICZ, KRZYSZTOF SZCZUBIALKA, and MARIA NOWAKOWSKA. "Hydroxypropylcellulose-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) — novel water-soluble copolymer with double thermoresponsivity." Polimery 58, no. 9 (September 2013): 696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2013.696.

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14

Zehm, Daniel, Antje Lieske, and Andrea Stoll. "On the Thermoresponsivity and Scalability of N , N ‐Dimethylacrylamide Modified NIPAM Microgels." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 221, no. 8 (March 23, 2020): 2000018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.202000018.

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15

Chen, Hailong, Yang Yang, Yizhan Wang, and Lixin Wu. "Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Thermoresponsivity of Hybrid Supramolecular Dendrimers Bearing a Polyoxometalate Core." Chemistry - A European Journal 19, no. 33 (June 27, 2013): 11051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300289.

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16

Grinberg, Valerij Y., Tatiana V. Burova, Natalia V. Grinberg, Vladimir S. Papkov, Alexander S. Dubovik, and Alexei R. Khokhlov. "Salt-Induced Thermoresponsivity of Cross-Linked Polymethoxyethylaminophosphazene Hydrogels: Energetics of the Volume Phase Transition." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 122, no. 6 (February 2, 2018): 1981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11288.

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17

Rancan, Fiorenza, Mazdak Asadian-Birjand, Serap Dogan, Christina Graf, Luis Cuellar, Stefanie Lommatzsch, Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Marcelo Calderón, and Annika Vogt. "Effects of thermoresponsivity and softness on skin penetration and cellular uptake of polyglycerol-based nanogels." Journal of Controlled Release 228 (April 2016): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.047.

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18

Liu, Wei, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Gang Wei, and Zhiqiang Su. "Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Double Network Polymeric Hydrogels for Pressure and Temperature Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093162.

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We demonstrate the fabrication of novel reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based double network (DN) hydrogels through the polymerization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). The facile synthesis of DN hydrogels includes the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by CMC, and the subsequent polymerization of PNIPAm. The presence of rGO in the fabricated PNIPAm/CMC/rGO DN hydrogels enhances the compressibility and flexibility of hydrogels with respect to pure PNIPAm hydrogels, and they exhibit favorable thermoresponsivity, compressibility, and conductivity. The created hydrogels can be continuously cyclically compressed and have excellent bending properties. Furthermore, it was found that the hydrogels are pressure- and temperature-sensitive, and can be applied to the design of both pressure and temperature sensors to detect mechanical deformation and to measure temperature. Our preliminary results suggest that these rGO-based DN hydrogels exhibit a high potential for the fabrication of soft robotics and artificially intelligent skin-like devices.

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19

Yoshida, Eri, and Satoshi Kuwayama. "Reversible Control of Primary and Secondary Self-Assembly of Poly(4-allyloxystyrene)-Block-Polystyrene." Research Letters in Physical Chemistry 2009 (June 29, 2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/146849.

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The reversible control of primary and secondary self-assemblies was attained using a poly(4-allyloxystyrene)-block-polystyrene diblock copolymer (PASt--PSt) through variations in temperature. The copolymer showed no self-assembly in cyclohexane over and existed as a unimer with a 37.1 nm hydrodynamic diameter. When the temperature was lowered to , the copolymer formed micelles with 269.9 nm by the primary self-assembly. As the result of further lowering the temperature to , the secondary self-assembly of the micelles occurred to produce ca. 2975.9 nm aggregates. The aggregates were dissociated into unimers by increasing the temperature up to . The light scattering studies demonstrated that the thermoresponsivity of the copolymer showed good hysteresis throughout the variation in the temperature in the range between 20 and , based on the Marquadt analysis of the hydrodynamic diameter distribution. It was found that the primary and secondary self-assemblies of the copolymer were perfectly controlled by the temperature.

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20

Day, Daniel M., and Lian R. Hutchings. "The self-assembly and thermoresponsivity of poly(isoprene-b-methyl methacrylate) copolymers in non-polar solvents." European Polymer Journal 156 (August 2021): 110631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110631.

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21

Rosi, Benedetta Petra, Letizia Tavagnacco, Lucia Comez, Paola Sassi, Maria Ricci, Elena Buratti, Monica Bertoldo, et al. "Thermoresponsivity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels in water-trehalose solution and its relation to protein behavior." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 604 (December 2021): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.006.

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22

Jiménez, Zulma A., and Ryo Yoshida. "Temperature Driven Self-Assembly of a Zwitterionic Block Copolymer That Exhibits Triple Thermoresponsivity and pH Sensitivity." Macromolecules 48, no. 13 (June 16, 2015): 4599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00769.

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23

Arotçaréna, Michel, Bettina Heise, Sultana Ishaya, and André Laschewsky. "Switching the Inside and the Outside of Aggregates of Water-Soluble Block Copolymers with Double Thermoresponsivity." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 14 (April 2002): 3787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja012167d.

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24

Wu, Gang, Si-Chong Chen, Qi Zhan, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Well-Defined Amphiphilic Biodegradable Comb-Like Graft Copolymers: Their Unique Architecture-Determined LCST and UCST Thermoresponsivity." Macromolecules 44, no. 4 (February 22, 2011): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma102588k.

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25

Zhu, Xiaomin, Jian Zhang, Cheng Miao, Siyu Li, and Youliang Zhao. "Synthesis, thermoresponsivity and multi-tunable hierarchical self-assembly of multi-responsive (AB)mC miktobrush-coil terpolymers." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 17 (2020): 3003–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00245c.

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26

Tang, Yu-Hang, Zhen Li, Xuejin Li, Mingge Deng, and George Em Karniadakis. "Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Vesicles and Micelles by Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers with Double Thermoresponsivity." Macromolecules 49, no. 7 (April 1, 2016): 2895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00365.

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27

Lee, Hau-Nan, Zhifeng Bai, Nakisha Newell, and Timothy P. Lodge. "Micelle/Inverse Micelle Self-Assembly of a PEO−PNIPAm Block Copolymer in Ionic Liquids with Double Thermoresponsivity." Macromolecules 43, no. 22 (November 23, 2010): 9522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma1019279.

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28

Chanthaset, Nalinthip, Yoshikazu Takahashi, Yoshiaki Haramiishi, Mitsuru Akashi, and Hiroharu Ajiro. "Control of thermoresponsivity of biocompatible poly(trimethylene carbonate) with direct introduction of oligo(ethylene glycol) under various circumstances." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 55, no. 20 (July 27, 2017): 3466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.28728.

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29

Huang, Xiaoling, Ningqiang Zhang, Linzhe Ban, and Haiquan Su. "Synthesis of Star Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with a Core of Cucurbit[6]uril via ATRP and Controlled Thermoresponsivity." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 36, no. 3 (December 9, 2014): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201400506.

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30

Narumi, Atsushi, Keita Fuchise, Ryohei Kakuchi, Atsushi Toda, Toshifumi Satoh, Seigou Kawaguchi, Kenji Sugiyama, Akira Hirao, and Toyoji Kakuchi. "A Versatile Method for Adjusting Thermoresponsivity: Synthesis and ‘Click’ Reaction of an Azido End‐Functionalized Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 29, no. 12–13 (July 1, 2008): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800055.

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31

Rodchenko, Serafim, Mikhail Kurlykin, Andrey Tenkovtsev, Sergey Milenin, Maria Sokolova, Alexander Yakimansky, and Alexander Filippov. "Amphiphilic Molecular Brushes with Regular Polydimethylsiloxane Backbone and Poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline Side Chains. 3. Influence of Grafting Density on Behavior in Organic and Aqueous Solutions." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 5118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235118.

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Regular and irregular molecular brushes with polydimethylsiloxane backbone and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline side chains have been synthesized. Prepared samples differed strongly in the side chain grafting density, namely, in the ratio of the lengths of spacer between the grafting points and the side chains. The hydrodynamic properties and molecular conformation of the synthesized grafted copolymers and their behavior in aqueous solutions on heating were studied by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics. It was found that the regularity and the grafting density do not affect the molecular shape of the studied samples of molecular brushes in the selective solvent. On the contrary, the grafting density is one of the most important factors determining the thermoresponsivity of grafted copolymers. It was shown that in analyzing self-organization and LCST values in aqueous solutions of poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines with complex architecture, many factors should be considered. First is the molar fraction of the hydrophobic fragment and the intramolecular density. It was found that molar mass is not a factor that greatly affects the phase transition temperature of poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines solutions at a passage from one molecular architecture to another.

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32

Manoswini, Manoswini, Prachi Bhol, Ranjan Bikash Sahu, and Sundar Priti Mohanty. "Antibody-functionalized, stimuli responsive microgel gold-hybrid colloids: synthesis, characterizations and their use in pathogen detection." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2702rjce91099.

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Antibody-functionalized hybrid microgels serve as an innovative approach for various translational applications particularly for detection of pathogens. We have synthesized Poly (N-isoproplyacrylamide)-co-poly(acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-PAA) based microgels encapsulated with gold nanoparticles followed by loading on antibodies specific to diarrheal pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium using the established streptavidin-biotin chemistry. Antibody-loaded hybrid microgel particles are further characterized with respect to their loading efficiencies using UV-Vis spectrometry and pH/temperature-dependent swelling using dynamic light scattering. Our results showed that streptavidin-coated hybrid gold nanoparticles bind to biotinylated antibodies with high affinity. From UV-Vis spectroscopy, it was observed that antibody-conjugated PNIPAM-AuNS showed two peaks; one at a wavelength of 540 nm due to gold nanoparticles and another at a wavelength of 280 nm due to antibodies. The effect of temperature on the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of PNIPAM microgel particles, PNIPAM-AuNS, streptavidin-coated PNIPAM-AuNS and biotinylated antibodies conjugated with PNIPAM-AuNS was determined by dynamic light scattering which was further confirmed from the temperature dependant swelling of these biotinylated antibodies loaded onto hybrid microgels which exhibit less thermoresponsivity than the control hybrid microgels. Our results establish stimuli-responsive polymer hybrids as important new hybrid biomaterials for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium.

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33

Chang, Xiaohua, Chen Wang, Guorong Shan, Yongzhong Bao, and Pengju Pan. "Thermoresponsivity, Micelle Structure, and Thermal-Induced Structural Transition of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Tuned by Terminal Multiple H-Bonding Units." Langmuir 36, no. 4 (January 9, 2020): 956–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03290.

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34

Li, Jiatu, Taisei Kaku, Yuki Tokura, Ko Matsukawa, Kenta Homma, Taihei Nishimoto, Yuki Hiruta, et al. "Adsorption–Desorption Control of Fibronectin in Real Time at the Liquid/Polymer Interface on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance by Thermoresponsivity." Biomacromolecules 20, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 1748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00121.

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35

Lee, Su-Kyoung, Yongdoo Park, and Jongseong Kim. "Thermoresponsive Behavior of Magnetic Nanoparticle Complexed pNIPAm-co-AAc Microgels." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101984.

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Characterization of responsive hydrogels and their enhancement with novel moieties have improved our understanding of functional materials. Hydrogels coupled with inorganic nanoparticles have been sought for novel types of responsive materials, but the efficient routes for the formation and the responsivity of complexed materials remain for further investigation. Here, we report that responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-co-AAc) hydrogel microparticles (microgels) are tunable by varying composition of co-monomer and crosslinker as well as by their complexation with magnetic nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions. Our results show that the hydrodynamic diameter and thermoresponsivity of microgels are closely related with the composition of anionic co-monomer, AAc and crosslinker, N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (BIS). As a composition of hydrogels, the higher AAc increases the swelling size of the microgels and the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), but the higher BIS decreases the size with no apparent effect on the VPTT. When the anionic microgels are complexed with amine-modified magnetic nanoparticles (aMNP) via electrostatic interaction, the microgels decrease in diameter at 25 °C and shift the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) to a higher temperature. Hysteresis on the thermoresponsive behavior of microgels is also measured to validate the utility of aMNP-microgel complexation. These results suggest a simple, yet valuable route for development of advanced responsive microgels, which hints at the formation of soft nanomaterials enhanced by inorganic nanoparticles.

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36

Ďorďovič, Vladimír, Bart Verbraeken, Richard Hogenboom, Sami Kereïche, Pavel Matějíček, and Mariusz Uchman. "Tuning of Thermoresponsivity of a Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) Block Copolymer by Interaction with Surface-Active and Chaotropic Metallacarborane Anion." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 13, no. 7 (February 28, 2018): 838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201701720.

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37

Zhang, Zhong-Xing, Xiao Liu, Fu Jian Xu, Xian Jun Loh, En-Tang Kang, Koon-Gee Neoh, and Jun Li. "Pseudo-Block Copolymer Based on Star-Shaped Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with a β-Cyclodextrin Core and Guest-Bearing PEG: Controlling Thermoresponsivity through Supramolecular Self-Assembly." Macromolecules 41, no. 16 (August 2008): 5967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma8009646.

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38

Li, Jian, Guihua Cui, Siyuan Bi, Xu Cui, Yanhui Li, Qian Duan, Toyoji Kakuchi, and Yougen Chen. "Eu3+- and Tb3+-Based Coordination Complexes of Poly(N-Isopropyl,N-methylacrylamide-stat-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Property." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091815.

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This contribution reports the syntheses, structural analyses and properties of europium (Eu3+)- and terbium (Tb3+)-based coordination complexes of poly(N-isopropyl,N-methylacrylamide-stat-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (poly(iPMAm-stat-DMAm)) copolymer, named as poly-Eu(III) and poly-Tb(III), respectively. In greater detail, poly(iPMAm85-stat-DMAm15) is first prepared by random copolymerization of N-isopropyl,N-methylacrylamide (iPMAm) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAm) via group transfer polymerization (GTP). Next, poly(iPMAm85-stat-DMAm15) is used as the polymer matrix for chelating with Eu3+ and Tb3+ cations at its side amide groups, to produce poly-Eu(III) and poly-Tb(III). Their structural characterizations by FT-IR spectroscopy and XPS confirm the formation of polymeric complexes. The study on their fluorescence emission characteristics and luminescence lifetime demonstrates that Poly-Eu(III) shows four strong emission peaks at 578, 593, 622, and 651 nm, which are responsible for the electron transitions from the excited 5D0 state to the multiplet 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3) states, respectively, and poly-Tb(III) also displays four emission peaks at 489, 545, 588, and 654 nm, mainly due to the electron transitions of 5D4 → 7Fi (i = 6, 5, 4, 3). The luminescence lifetimes of poly-Eu(III) (τpoly-Eu(III)) and poly-Tb(III) (τpoly-Tb(III)) are determined to be 4.57 and 7.50 ms, respectively. In addition, in aqueous solutions, poly-Eu(III) and poly-Tb(III) are found to exhibit thermoresponsivity, with their cloud temperatures (Tcs) locating around 36.4 and 36.8 °C, respectively. Finally, the cytotoxicity study on the human colon carcinoma cells LoVo and DLD1 suggests that the luminescent Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the chelated state with poly(iPMAm-stat-DMAm) show much better biocompatibility and lower toxicity than their inorganic salts.

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39

Sano, Kohei, Yuko Kanada, Kengo Kanazaki, Ning Ding, Masahiro Ono, and Hideo Saji. "Brachytherapy with Intratumoral Injections of Radiometal-Labeled Polymers That Thermoresponsively Self-Aggregate in Tumor Tissues." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 58, no. 9 (April 13, 2017): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.189993.

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40

Pu, Jingyang, Na Zhang, Quyang Liu, Meili Lin, Mingliang Luo, Xu Li, Jinbo Wu, Yuling Yang, and Yang Wang. "Temperature-Triggered Release of Chromium Chloride from Nanocapsules for Controlled Burst Release and Gelation of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide to Plug High-Permeability Channels." SPE Journal, December 1, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212872-pa.

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Summary Chromium(III) (Cr3+)-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gels have been applied extensively as blocking agents for sweep efficiency improvement. Previous studies focused on delaying the gelation time and ignored the diffusion of the crosslinkers during the transportation process. The gelation time of Cr3+-HPAM was too long to be controlled. This study systematically describes a novel approach of using thermoresponsive nanocapsules to precisely control the release of Cr3+. The nanocapsules are successfully prepared by a controlled nanoprecipitation of hydrophobic polymers [poly (methyl methacrylate)] (PMMA) and Pluronic® P-123 onto stable aqueous Cr3+ solution nanodroplets. The stable aqueous nanodroplets are obtained by double inverse miniemulsions with oil-soluble surfactant Span® 80. The nanoprecipitation occurs when heating the mixture at 50℃, which leads to the evaporation of solvent and precipitation of the PMMA into the interface of the aqueous droplets to form the shells. Pluronic P-123 is introduced to stabilize the double miniemulsion and enhance the precipitation efficiency of the shell polymer during the fabrication process. The fabricated nanocapsules show a size range from 211.9 to 297.2 nm depending on the feed contents of the Cr3+. The thermoresponsive function of Pluronic P-123 is studied and applied as a temperature-trigger on the shell. Gelation results show that the thermoresponsivity of Pluronic P-123 dominates the release rate rather than the diffusion rate through PMMA, which could be used to shorten the gelation interval time.

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