Academic literature on the topic 'Thermorégulation sociale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thermorégulation sociale"
COLLIN, Anne, Vincent COUSTHAM, Jacob Kokou TONA, Sophie TESSERAUD, Sandrine MIGNON-GRASTEAU, Bertrand MÉDA, Anaïs VITORINO CARVALHO, et al. "Face au changement climatique, quelles stratégies d’atténuation et d’adaptation pour les productions avicoles ?" INRAE Productions Animales 37, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2024.37.1.8069.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermorégulation sociale"
Gilbert, Caroline. "Le comportement de thermorégulation sociale : Son importance pour l'économie d'énergie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GILBERT_Caroline_2006.pdf.
Full textChaise, Laureline. "Ecologie thermique et thermorégulation sociale des éléphants de mer austraux (Mirounga leonina) en phase de mue." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0025/document.
Full textAnnual life cycle of Phocids at sea is interrupted twice for reproduction and moult on land. The moult, an energetically costly phase, is essential for the renewal of hair, as well as epidermis in some monachine seals (Mirounga and Monachus). Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) huddle in mud pools, or “wallows”, while moulting on land. Peripheral vasodilatation through the isolating layer of the blubber to renew skin cells during the moult creates major heat loss, that’s why this species moult on land, fasting, rather than staying in water. Many bird and mammal species developed an energy saving strategy based on social thermoregulation in order to decrease heat loss, especially in extreme environments or particular physiological stages. However, few studies have investigated behavioural and physiological adaptations of southern elephant seals during the moult. Our study rests on the hypothesis that huddling behaviour of moulting elephant seals follows the same determinants and allows equivalent thermal and energetic benefices than social thermoregulation. We studied behavioural adaptations on land of female southern elephant seals during five moult seasons, linked to local environmental and individual physiological variations. Our results show that habitat selection, distances moved on land and aggregation behaviour are influenced by the stage of the moult, the habitat type and meteorological conditions. At the peak of moult, heat loss and aggregation behaviour are both increased, as movements on land are decreased. Moreover, aggregation rate and aggregations size increase when local weather is deteriorated, mainly in “wallows”. However, distances moved increase when windchill is low or solar radiation is high. Furthermore, aggregated seals have a lower body temperature (skin and stomach) than isolated seals. The elevated metabolic rate observed would be linked to thermal constraints and an elevated hormonal metabolism. Although we found no correlation between aggregation and body mass loss, individual aggregation rate was negatively correlated to metabolic rate. Therefore, elephant seals are sensible to environmental conditions and would adapt their behaviour to decrease energy expenditure. Aggregation behaviour allows to decrease heat loss and thus thermoregulation cost. “Wallows” offer thermal advantages and induce an increased moult rate, supposedly by maximising the decrease in heat loss when aggregated. Decreased heat loss would allow an adjustment in body temperature in aggregated seals and energy save from thermoregulation could be reallocated to the moult process. Elephant seals seem to balance movements on land and aggregation, in relation to individual body reserves, in order to decrease energy expenditure. New promising methods to record physiological parameters in the field (heart rate method and the use of bio-impedancemetry) need to be calibrate in this species to allow more precised moult metabolism and energy expenditure records, linked to individual variations
Minaud, Étienne. "Écologie hivernale des abeilles mellifères : contribution des traits d'histoire de vie des individus et des colonies au succès d'hivernation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB024.
Full textIn temperate regions, low temperatures and a lack of floral resources make winter a critical period for the survival of honey bees, Apis mellifera, which overwinter based on a set of adaptations at both individual and colony levels. But over the past 30 years, high winter mortality rates have been reported worldwide, raising questions about the sustainability of the beekeeping sector and that of many agricultural systems dependent on pollination services. These mortalities are induced by multiple biotic and abiotic stress factors acting in combination. However, we showed through a literature review that their roles in the mechanisms of colony collapse remain poorly documented, highlighting a lack of knowledge about the winter ecology of honey bees. This gap is partly due to the technical challenge associated with monitoring honey bees in winter, given that traditional monitoring techniques imply opening the hives, which disrupts the social thermoregulation of the colony. However, the democratization of "Information and Communications Technology" (ICT) now offers new automated and minimally invasive monitoring tools. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to better understand the mechanisms determining the success or failure of honey bee overwintering, through the automated monitoring of individual and colony life history traits. In addition, we aimed to develop indicators to predict colony collapse in winter and under real field conditions. We first developed a tool for measuring temperature at several points in the hive and allowing to monitor the cluster that honey bees form to protect themselves from the cold, and thus to study the social thermoregulation of colonies during winter. This tool was then deployed in the field to monitor honey bee colonies located along a European climatic gradient, covering Mediterranean, oceanic and continental climates. This monitoring provided the establishment of health indicators of wintering colonies. Based on temperature heterogeneity within the colony, these indicators distinguish the periods of winter survival and the periods of collapse, allowing the anticipation of mortalities. They also allow monitoring of the dynamics of winter brood production by measuring its presence and size, two metrics that we found positively correlated to the European climatic gradient. In winter, colony survival depends on the presence of winter bees, corresponding to the last generations of bees to emerge in autumn. By the individual monitoring by Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tracking, we showed that, in addition to their extended longevity, winter bees have more flight activity than summer bees. Their flight activity can be allocated either before or after winter, and our results suggest that these pre-winter flight activities do not affect the longevity or the flight activity performance of bees after winter. Also, we showed that only a small proportion of winter bees survive and participate in the colony flight activity in spring, suggesting a crucial role of these winter bees for the colony rebound after winter. Placed in context, our results support the crucial role of winter bees and social thermoregulation in the success or failure of honey bee colony overwintering. The electronic tools we have developed, and the associated indicators, may represent relevant applied perspectives for limiting winter colony mortality in the field. We also discuss the acceptability of precision beekeeping and show that beekeepers are ready to adopt these electronic tools, although further expectations remain. Finally, we highlight the uncertainty surrounding the future of overwintering, in the face of climate change
Seguy, Maud Eva Audrey. "Facteurs d'environnement, physiques et sociaux, et maintien de l'homéostasie chez un primate tropical." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066014.
Full textAubernon, Cindy. "Stratégies dévelopmentales chez les larves de Calliphoridae : entre régulation thermique et socialité." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S010.
Full textOn a cadaver, necrophagous dipteran larvae suffer from strong selection pressures during their development. The premise of this thesis is that such an extreme, competitive and constraining environment would have favored the emergence of efficient developmental strategies, based on mechanisms such as thermal regulation but also sociality. This PhD work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the thermal behavior of Calliphorids larvae, which are confronted with a heterogeneous thermic environment on the corps, in which they select the most appropriate area for their metabolic activity. Firstly, this part shows that larvae have a preferential developmental temperature, which is different according to the species (Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria and Calliphora vicina), although they exploit the same resource at the same time. Secondly, this part demonstrates that the larvae are always in search of this preferential temperature and thirdly, that they adapt both their displacement and their food intake according to the temperature of the nourishing substrate. This first part of experiments demonstrates that the temperature parameters have a strong effect on larval behavior. The second part of this work focuses on the social dimension of larval behavior by analyzing the influence of congeners, mainly through their active aggregation behavior. We show for Lucilia sericata a strong attractive and retentive effect of the group, making obvious that sociality prevails over thermal regulation. However, these results are radically different under heterospecific conditions where the group formation strongly depends on preferential temperatures as well as aggregation kinetics of each species. Finally, the third part of this work analyzes the effects of temperature and congeners on the development of individuals and shows that both the behavior of thermoregulation and the action of congeners impact the temperature selected by larvae, and therefore, their development. These results indicate the existence of individual and collective behavioral development strategies based on the optimization of multiple parameters that allow larvae to develop ideally in this extreme ecosystem of a decaying corpse