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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Kanabenja, Warrayut, and Pranut Potiyaraj. "Graphene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.77.

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Thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites were successfully prepared by mixing masterbatches with neat polymers using the melt compounding process. Graphene was obtained from graphite by the chemical mean. Graphite was initially converted into graphite oxide which was then converted to graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was then reduced by L-ascorbic acid to obtain graphene. The effects of graphene addition on thermal and morphological properties of nanocomposite were studied by a differential scanning calorimeter, a thermal gravimetric analyzer and a scanning electron microscope. TPU/graphene nanocomposites showed higher melting temperature compared to TPU. On the other hand, heat of fusion of nanocomposites was lowered. TPU and TPU/graphene nanocomposites have two steps of decomposition. The first degradation of TPU occurred at higher temperature compared with nanocomposites but the second degradation showed the opposite results. The percentage of residue after thermal degradation of nanocomposites was lower than that of TPU. For surface morphology, nanocomposite exhibited the rougher surface comparing with TPU and well graphene dispersion in TPU phase was achieved. Nevertheless, there were some agglomeration of graphene.

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2

Talapatra, Animesh, and Debasis Datta. "A molecular dynamics-based investigation on tribological properties of functionalized graphene reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 235, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650120912612.

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Tribo-mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane polymer nanocomposites are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites are measured by applying constant stain method. Subsequently, interfacial layer models are developed to apply confined shear on the iron layers to find out the coefficient of friction and the abrasion rate of pure thermoplastic polyurethane and functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. The results imply that by the incorporation of 0.5 wt.% functionalized monolayer, graphene shows the increase of 20% in Young’s modulus, 15% in shear modulus and 6.66% in bulk modulus of pure thermoplastic polyurethane, respectively, which are in good agreement with the previous experimental studies. Maximum enhancement of mechanical properties can be obtained up to 3 wt.% addition of functionalized monolayer graphene addition in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. Further, it is observed that 3 wt.% of functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposite results in minimum coefficient of friction (0.42) and abrasion rate (19%) under constant normal load (5 kcal/mol/Å) and maximum sliding velocity (11 m/s). However, further reduction in minimum values of coefficient of friction and abrasion rate at 3 wt.% of functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites is seen under the minimum sliding velocity (1 m/s) considered with the same normal load condition. Finally, the inherent mechanisms for enhancement of tribo-mechanical properties in functionalized monolayer graphene-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites are analysed by the atomic density profile, free volume and Connolly surface at the atomic level.

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3

Quadrini, Fabrizio, Denise Bellisario, Loredana Santo, Felicia Stan, and Fetecau Catalin. "Compression Moulding of Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Filled with MWCNT." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500806.

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Multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt-mixed with three different thermoplastic matrices (polypropylene, PP, polycarbonate, PC, and thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU) to produce nanocomposites with three different filler contents (1, 3, and 5 wt.%). Initial nanocomposite blends (in the shape of pellets) were tested under differential scanning calorimetry to evaluate the effect of the melt mixing stage. Nanocomposite samples were produced by compression moulding in a laboratory-scale system, and were tested with quasi-static (bending, indentation), and dynamic mechanical tests as well as with friction tests. The results showed the effect of the filler content on the mechanical and functional properties of the nanocomposites. Compression moulding appeared to be a valuable solution to manufacture thermoplastic nanocomposites when injection moulding leads to loss of performance. MWCNT-filled thermoplastics could be used also for structural and functional uses despite, the present predominance of electrical applications.

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4

Ahmad Zubir, Syazana, Ahmad Sahrim, and Ernie Suzana Ali. "Palm Oil Polyol/ Polyurethane Shape Memory Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2666.

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A series of nanoclay reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane with shape memory effect have been successfully synthesized via two-step polymerization process. The polyurethanes are composed of polycaprolactonediol, palm oil polyol, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. Nanoclay was added in order to improve the overall properties of the pristine polyurethane. Besides, the addition of palm oil polyol is believed to enhance the crosslinking process and further improve the properties. X-ray diffraction result showed that there is a decrease in crystallinity of polyurethane nanocomposites as clay is added. Good shape memory and mechanical properties of resulting polyurethane nanocomposites were obtained in this work.

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5

Shamini, G., and K. Yusoh. "Gas Permeability Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Modified Clay Nanocomposites." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 1 (2014): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.352.

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6

Styan, K., M. Abrahamian, E. Hume, and L. A. Poole-Warren. "Antibacterial Polyurethane Organosilicate Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.757.

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Thermoplastic polyurethanes are versatile polymers much used for biomedical applications due to their mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Like most implantable materials they are susceptible to bacterial colonization, particularly in applications at high risk of bacterial contamination such as percutaneous catheters. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity and the cell responses to a series of nanocomposite variants fabricated from a polyether polyurethane and organically modified silicates containing either antibacterial dispersing agents, non-antibacterial dispersing agents, or combinations of the two. The results suggest that co-modification is a promising approach for modulating both bacterial and mammalian cell responses to achieve appropriate antibacterial properties without cell inhibition.

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7

Osman, Azlin Fazlina, Kevin Jack, Grant Edwards, and Darren Martin. "Effect of Processing Route on the Morphology of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Nanocomposites Incorporating Organofluoromica." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.27.

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In the production of polymer nanocomposites, the processing method determines the dispersion of the nanofiller and hence, the final nanocomposite properties. In this work, the potential of high energy milling of the organofluoromica to improve the platelet dispersion and exfoliation in both solvent cast and melt processed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/organofluoromica nanocomposites was investigated. The potential of high energy milling of the organofluoromica to improve the platelet dispersion and exfoliation in both solvent cast and melt processed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/organofluoromica nanocomposites was investigated. The applied high energy milling process has successfully reduced this nanofiller platelet length from 640 nm to 400 nm and 250 nm after 1 hour and 2 hours respectively. These lower aspect ratio milled nanofillers resulted in improved quality of dispersion and delamination when incorporated into the TPU and hence interacted more preferentially with the TPU matrix.

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8

Ha Thuc, C. N., H. T. Cao, D. M. Nguyen, M. A. Tran, Laurent Duclaux, A. C. Grillet, and H. Ha Thuc. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Nanocomposites Using Vietnamese Montmorillonite Modified by Polyol Surfactants." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302735.

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This study focuses on the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite using Vietnamese montmorillonite (MMT) as the reinforced phase. The MMT was previously modified by intercalating polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) molecules between the clay layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of organoclays revealed that galleries of MMT were increased to 18.2 Å and 27 Å after their intercalation with PEO and PVA, respectively. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites composed of 1, 3, 5, and 7%wt organoclays were synthesized. The result of XRD and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses implied that the PEO modified MMT was well dispersed, at 3%wt, in polyurethane matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) has confirmed this result by showing the hydrogenous interaction between the urethane linkage and OH group on the surface of silicate layer. Thermogravimetric (TG) showed that the organoclay samples also presented improved thermal stabilities. In addition, the effects of the organoclays on mechanical performance and water absorption of the PU nanocomposite were also investigated.

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9

Liao, Ken-Hsuan, Yong Tae Park, Ahmed Abdala, and Christopher Macosko. "Aqueous reduced graphene/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Polymer 54, no. 17 (August 2013): 4555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.032.

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10

Ran, Qianping, Hua Zou, Shishan Wu, and Jian Shen. "Study on thermoplastic polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites." Polymer Composites 29, no. 2 (February 2008): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20327.

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11

Palawat, Natsuda, Phasawat Chaiwutthinan, Sarintorn Limpanart, Amnouy Larpkasemsuk, and Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud. "Hybrid Nanocomposites of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane with Nanosilica/Montmorillonite." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.77.

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The aim of this study is to improve the physical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) and/or nanosilica (nSiO2). PLA was first melt mixed with five loadings of TPU (10–50 wt%) on a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding. The addition of TPU was found to increase the impact strength, elongation at break and thermal stability of the blends, but decrease the tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Based on a better combination of the mechanical properties, the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/TPU blend was selected for preparing both single and hybrid nanocomposites with a fix total nanofiller content of 5 parts per hundred of resin (phr), and the OMMT/nSiO2 weight ratios were 5/0, 2/3, 3/2 and 0/5 (phr/phr). The Young’s modulus and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were all higher than those of the neat 70/30 PLA/TPU blend, but at the expense of reducing the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength. However, all the nanocomposites exhibited higher impact strength and Young’s modulus than the neat PLA. Among the four nanocomposites, a single-filler nanocomposite containing 5 phr nSiO2 exhibited the highest impact strength and thermal stability, indicating that there was no synergistic effect of the two nanofillers on the investigated physical properties. However, the hybrid nanocomposite containing 2/3 (phr/phr) OMMT/nSiO2 possessed a compromise in the tensile properties.

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12

Nair, Adwaita SR, Subhash Mandal, Debmalya Roy, and N. EswaraPrasad. "Fabrication of cellular structures in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix using carbonaceous nanofillers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1219, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1219/1/012004.

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Abstract In the present study, we have synthesized, graphene oxide (GO) by using modified Hummer’s method and reduced graphene oxide(rGO) by using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. Since GO and rGO have high surface area and modification of surface is easier, they produce drastic changes in the matrix properties at a very low loading volume. Oxygen functionalities further allow increased interaction with polar polymer composites. Modified hummers method is the most commonly and widely used method of chemical reduction to synthesis graphene oxide as it is rapid and safe. Unlike other method, it is less hazardous and requires less reaction time. Sulfuric acid was used to disperse graphite and NaNO3 and KMNO4 as oxidizing agent. The use of KMNO4 instead of KClO3 reduced the chances of ClO2 explosion and also accelerated the reaction. Characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide was done using XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. The synthesized GO and rGO were used as nanofillers for the synthesis of polyurethane nanocomposite. Thermoplastic polyurethane is biodegradable and thus polyurethane nanocomposites have wide application. PU nanocomposites were prepared using thermo-chemical solvent mixing method and their microstructures were investigated using various characterization techniques.

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13

Sandu, Ionut Laurentiu, Razvan Rosculet, and Catalin Fetecau. "Rheological Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 699 (July 2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.699.18.

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Carbon nanotubes offer the possibility of substantial improvements in the properties of polymer-based composites. However, adding carbon nanotubes increases the viscosity and makes the composites more difficult to process. Consequently, understanding the rheological behavior of nanocomposites is important from both the theoretical and industrial points of view. In the present work, rheological behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane filled with various amounts (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated by capillary rheometry. In this regard, the melt flow behavior of the nanocomposite was measured using a capillary rheometer with a die length-diameter ratio of 30:1, 20:1 and 10:1. In order to investigate the effect of temperature on viscosity, the tests were carried out in the temperature range of 180 to 210°C. The shear rate examined between 100 and 5000 s-1, cover the shear experienced during most polymer processing techniques. The Bagley and Weissenberg-Rabinowitsch correction was performed to determine the real viscosity of the nanocomposites; moreover, the Cross viscosity model coefficients were determined.

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14

Liu, Hu, Yilong Li, Kun Dai, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen, Xingru Yan, Jiang Guo, and Zhanhu Guo. "Electrically conductive thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites at ultralow graphene loading levels for strain sensor applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 1 (2016): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc02751a.

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15

Yoonessi, Mitra, John A. Peck, Justin L. Bail, Richard B. Rogers, Bradley A. Lerch, and Michael A. Meador. "Transparent Large-Strain Thermoplastic Polyurethane Magnetoactive Nanocomposites." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3, no. 7 (June 28, 2011): 2686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am200468t.

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16

Pattanayak, Asim, and Sadhan C. Jana. "Properties of bulk-polymerized thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Polymer 46, no. 10 (April 2005): 3394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.021.

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17

Ke, Kai, Vahab Solouki Bonab, Dian Yuan, and Ica Manas-Zloczower. "Piezoresistive thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites with carbon nanostructures." Carbon 139 (November 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.06.037.

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18

Liu, Hu, Wenju Huang, Xinru Yang, Kun Dai, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen, Xingru Yan, Jiang Guo, and Zhanhu Guo. "Organic vapor sensing behaviors of conductive thermoplastic polyurethane–graphene nanocomposites." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 20 (2016): 4459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc00987e.

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19

Memarian, F., A. Fereidoon, and M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari. "The shape memory, and the mechanical and thermal properties of TPU/ABS/CNT: a ternary polymer composite." RSC Advances 6, no. 103 (2016): 101038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23087c.

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Polymer blend nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared via a simple melt blending process.

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20

Pavličević, Jelena, Snežana Sinadinović-Fišer, Milena Špírková, Jaroslava Budinski-Simendić, Olga Borota, Milovan Janković, and Željko Knez. "The Phase Structure of Novel Polycarbonate-Based Polyurethane-Organoclay Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.771.

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Polycarbonate-based polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared using one step procedure by addition of either organically modified bentonite or montmorillonite (1 wt. %). All aliphatic components (polycarbonate diol, hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1,4-butane diol) were used as reactants. The hard segment content of obtained thermoplastic polyurethanes was 30 wt. %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the morphology of obtained hybrid materials. The structure of synthesized elastomers was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to obtain the degree of phase separation and investigate the hydrogen bonding constitution, deconvolution of –NH and –C=O IR regions was done, using Gaussian equations. It was determined that the degree of phase separation is not influenced by addition of organoclays, indicating uniform dispersion of silicate layers in the polyurethanes, which was also confirmed by SEM experiments.

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21

Osman, Azlin F., Grant A. Edwards, Tara L. Schiller, Yosephine Andriani, Kevin S. Jack, Isabel C. Morrow, Peter J. Halley, and Darren J. Martin. "Structure–Property Relationships in Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites." Macromolecules 45, no. 1 (December 12, 2011): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma202189e.

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22

Jaramillo, M., J. H. Koo, and M. Natali. "Compressive char strength of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 25, no. 7 (March 31, 2014): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.3287.

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23

Ma, Xiaoyan, Haijun Lu, Guozheng Liang, and Hongxia Yan. "Rectorite/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites: Preparation, characterization, and properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93, no. 2 (2004): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20423.

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24

Kanidi, Maria, Niki Loura, Anna Frengkou, Tatjana Kosanovic Milickovic, Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta, and Costas Charitidis. "Inductive Thermal Effect on Thermoplastic Nanocomposites with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Induced-Healing, Bonding and Debonding On-Demand Applications." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020074.

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In this study, the heating capacity of nanocomposite materials enhanced with magnetic nanoparticles was investigated through induction heating. Thermoplastic (TP) matrices of polypropylene (PP), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyamide (PA12), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) were compounded with 2.5–10 wt.% iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using a twin-screw extrusion system. Disk-shape specimens were prepared by 3D printing and injection molding. The heating capacity was examined as a function of exposure time, frequency, and power using a radio frequency (RF) generator with a solenoid inductor coil. All nanocomposite materials presented a temperature increase proportional to the MNPs’ concentration as a function of the exposure time in the magnetic field. The nanocomposites with a higher concentration of MNPs presented a rapid increase in temperature, resulting in polymer matrix melting in most of the trials. The operational parameters of the RF generator, such as the input power and the frequency, significantly affect the heating capacity of the specimens, higher input power, and higher frequencies and promote the rapid increase in temperature for all assessed nanocomposites, enabling induced-healing and bonding/debonding on-demand applications.

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25

Zubir, Syazana Ahmad, Ernie Suzana Ali, Sahrim Haji Ahmad, Norazwani Muhammad Zain, and Soo Kai Wai. "Polyurethane/Clay Shape Memory Nanocomposites Based on Palm Oil Polyol." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.236.

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Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites were prepared using polycaprolactonediol as the soft segment, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the hard segment, 1,4-butanediol and palm oil polyol. Nanoclay with certain weight percent (wt%) was reinforced as filler to improve both mechanical and shape memory behavior of the nanocomposites. Palm oil polyol was introduced in order to provide hyperbranched structure for better dispersion of filler in the matrix as well as aiding the crosslinking process. The experimental results showed that the mechanical and shape memory behavior of clay reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites were influenced by clay weight percent in the polymer matrix. TPU with 3 wt% clay showed optimum values of mechanical properties while the shape memory behavior decreases with increasing clay content.

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26

Teuku, Rihayat, and Amroel Suryani. "Morphology Properties of Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites Base on Palm Oil Polyol Paint." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.701.

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An organically modified clay and a pristine clay were used to prepare biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) paint/clay nanocomposites. In this paper, polyurethane paint /clay nanocomposites base on palm oil polyol were prepared by isocyanate, polyol and organoclay (a clay modified with Cetyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Octadecylamines (ODA). The morphologies of samples were revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Intercalation of PU into clay galleries and crystalline structure of PU were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the resulting composite showed a combination of intercalated and partially exfoliated clay layers with occasional clay aggregates

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27

Bai, Jingjing, Weijie Ren, Yulong Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Cheng Zhang, Zhenzhong Li, and Zhongyuan Xie. "High-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 7 (February 27, 2020): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008320907123.

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In this work, high-performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer/carbon dots (TPU/CDs) bulk nanocomposites with strong luminescence were fabricated via in situ polymerization. The CDs were synthesized from citric acid and 2-aminothiophenol. Transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and systematic characterization indicated the formation of the CDs and the covalent conjugation of the CDs with TPU. The optical properties of the TPU/CDs nanocomposites were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared to the initial solid-state CDs (the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (QY): 20%), all the composites exhibited stronger luminescence behavior. When the CDs content was 0.5 wt%, the QY was as high as 68%. Furthermore, the rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The rheological properties established the structure–property relationships of the composites. The incorporation of the CDs enhanced the elastic response in viscoelasticity of the nanocomposites. The tensile strength of 1.0 wt% CDs loaded TPU increased from 18.2 MPa to 28.6 MPa, nearly 57% higher than that of the neat TPU. Given the excellent Ag+ detection performance of the CDs, the high QY and the processability of the nanocomposites, Ag+ detection experiments for the composite film were performed. The study will facilitate the applications of luminescent nanocomposites in potential fields.

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28

Ho, Wai K., Joseph H. Koo, and Ofodike A. Ezekoye. "Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer Nanocomposites: Morphology, Thermophysical, and Flammability Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/583234.

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Novel materials based on nanotechnology creating nontraditional ablators are rapidly changing the technology base for thermal protection systems. Formulations with the addition of nanoclays and carbon nanofibers in a neat thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) were melt-compounded using twin-screw extrusion. The TPU nanocomposites (TPUNs) are proposed to replace Kevlar-filled ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber, the current state-of-the-art solid rocket motor internal insulation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to study the char characteristics of the TPUNs at elevated temperatures. Specimens were examined to analyze the morphological microstructure during the pyrolysis reaction and in fully charred states. Thermophysical properties of density, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of the different TPUN compositions were determined. To identify dual usage of these novel materials, cone calorimetry was employed to study the flammability properties of these TPUNs.

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29

Allcorn, Eric K., Maurizio Natali, and Joseph H. Koo. "Ablation performance and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 45 (February 2013): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.017.

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30

Amin, Khairatun Najwa Mohd, Nasim Amiralian, Pratheep K. Annamalai, Grant Edwards, Celine Chaleat, and Darren J. Martin. "Scalable processing of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites toughened with nanocellulose." Chemical Engineering Journal 302 (October 2016): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.067.

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31

Jia, Run-Ping, Cai-Feng Wang, Kang-sheng Zheng, Xin-Yao He, and Mao-Song Huang. "Preparation, characterization, and properties of CeO2/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 34, no. 13 (May 29, 2015): 1090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684415587349.

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32

Osman, Azlin Fazlina, Grant Edwards, and Darren Martin. "Effects of Processing Method and Nanofiller Size on Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.115.

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The effects of processing method and nanofiller size on mechanical performance of biomedical thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-organosilicate nanocomposites were examined. High energy milled organofluoromica nanofillers having reduced platelet aspect ratio and tactoid size were produced in order to obtain an overall better dispersion and more efficient TPU-organofluoromica nanocomposite reinforcement. Regardless the processing method, the lower aspect ratio milled nanofillers resulted in improved quality of dispersion and delamination when incorporated into the TPU and hence induced greater mechanical properties as compared to the non-milled nanofiller. However, the high temperature applied in melt compounding process might induce some degree of degradation of the dual surfactants employed, producing free amines and alkenes that can subsequently reduce the molecular weight of the TPU. Therefore, the expected larger increases in mechanical properties of melt blended TPU nanocomposites were not observed.

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33

Maldonado-Magnere, Santiago, Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram, Héctor Aguilar-Bolados, and Raul Quijada. "Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Barrier Properties." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010085.

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This work consists of studying the influence of two thermally reduced graphene oxides (TRGOs), containing oxygen levels of 15.8% and 8.9%, as fillers on the barrier properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites prepared by melt-mixing processes. The oxygen contents of the TRGOs were obtained by carrying out the thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 600 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The presence and contents of oxygen in the TRGO samples were determined by XPS and their structural differences were determined by using X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. In spite of the decrease of the elongation at break of the nanocomposites, the Young modulus was increased by up to 320% with the addition of TRGO. The barrier properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced as was evidenced by the decrease of the permeability to oxygen, which reached levels as low as −46.1%.

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Dai, Li, Run Ping Jia, Xin Yao He, and Mao Song Huang. "Preparation and Thermal Performance of Fluorinated Carbon Nanotubes/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4273.

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To achieve well dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and increase the interactions between CNTs and thermoplastics polyurethane (TPU) matrix,a new type of fluorinated carbon nanotube (f-CNT) was modified by fluorine plasma grafting with fluoropolymer. A series of f-CNTs/TPU nanocomposites were prepared by one-step in situ bulk polymerization method. The morphology, thermal property and chemical resistance of nanocomposites were characterized and compared. Results indicated thermal degradation temperature was largely increased and the glass-transition temperature increased from-51.7°C to-42.3°C. Moreover, the chemical resistance was apparent improved.

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Majdoub, Mohammed, Younes Essamlali, Othmane Amadine, Ikram Ganetri, and Mohamed Zahouily. "Organophilic graphene nanosheets as a promising nanofiller for bio-based polyurethane nanocomposites: investigation of the thermal, barrier and mechanical properties." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 39 (2019): 15659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03300a.

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The present study focuses on the design of new nanocomposite films using bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a polymer matrix and long chain amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide (G-ODA) as a nanofiller.

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Barick, Aruna Kumar, and Young-Wook Chang. "Nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane, millable polyurethane, and organoclay: effect of organoclay content." High Performance Polymers 26, no. 5 (March 11, 2014): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008314525972.

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Kausar, Ayesha. "Polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with nanowires: Opening doors to future applications." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 35, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 65–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918794009.

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This article presents a state-of-the-art overview on indispensable aspects of polymer/nanowire nanocomposites. Nanowires created from polymers, silver, zinc, copper, nickel, and aluminum have been used as reinforcing agents in conducting polymers and non-conducting thermoplastic/thermoset matrices such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyurethane, acrylic polymers, polystyrene, epoxy and rubbers. This review presents the combined influence of polymer matrix and nanowires on the nanocomposite characteristics. This review shows how the nanowire, the nanofiller content, the matrix type and processing conditions affect the final nanocomposite properties. The ensuing multifunctional polymer/nanowire nanocomposites have high strength, conductivity, thermal stability, and other useful photovoltaic, piezo, and sensing properties. The remarkable nanocomposite characteristics have been ascribed to the ordered nanowire structure and the development of a strong interface between the matrix/nanofiller. This review also refers to cutting edge application areas of polymer/nanowire nanocomposites such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, supercapacitors, sensors, batteries, electromagnetic shielding materials, biomaterials, and other highly technical fields. Modifying nanowires and incorporating them in a suitable polymer matrix can be adopted as a powerful future tool to create useful technical applications.

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Osman, Azlin Fazlina, Peter Halley, and Darren Martin. "Impact of Controlled Hydrophobicity of the Organically Modified Silicates on the Properties of Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.9.

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The impact of nanofiller surface modifications and hydrophobicity on the morphology and mechanical properties of the biomedical TPU nanocomposites was studied. We show that incorporating nanofillers with higher hydrophobicity promotes better dispersion of nanofiller in TPU matrix due to greater interaction between the nanofiller and the hydrophobic PDMS soft segment in this ElastEon TPU system. The nanocomposite with the most hydrophobic surface modification demonstrates the best nanofiller dispersion and intercalation and hence resulted in an overall best mechanical and thermomechanical properties when incorporated in 2 wt%. These findings show that the polarity matching between the TPU and the nanofiller determines the nanofiller-TPU interactions and thus the mechanical properties of the produced nanocomposites.

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Leszczyńska, Agnieszka, and Krzysztof Pielichowski. "The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyoxymethylene (POM)/Organically Modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) Engineering Nanocomposites Modified with Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Compatibilizer." Materials Science Forum 714 (March 2012): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.201.

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In this work the effect of macromolecular polyurethane compatibilizer on the structure, mechanical and thermal properties of polyoxymethylene/organically modified montmorillonite (POM/OMMT) nanocomposites was investigated. The thermal stability of obtained systems was significantly enhanced by compatibilizer both in oxidative and inert atmosphere. The thermoanalytical methods (TG-FTIR and TG-MS) were used for identification of gaseous products of degradation. The results showed less intensive evolution of formaldehyde and formic acid during the thermal degradation of POM/TPU/OMMT nanocomposites. Both formaldehyde and formic acid had an autocatalytic effect on degradation of neat POM and POM/MMT nanocomposites, especially in the initial stage of the process. However, in the presence of TPU the monomer formed in depolymerization reaction was captured most probably by urethane linkage in a formylation process. The decreased concentration of catalytic agent is considered as a cause of the reduced rate of mass loss of POM/TPU/OMMT nanocomposites. Interestingly, during thermooxidative degradation the temperature of maximum rate of mass loss was shifted towards higher temperature more than it could be anticipated from the TGA results obtained for neat POM, POM/TPU blend and POM/OMMT nanocomposite material with corresponding contents of nanofiller and compatibilizer. It is likely that the mechanism of thermal stabilization may be also related to the physical barrier effect of layered silicate towards oxygen diffusion. Both chemical and physical mechanisms of stabilization are referred to the structure and interfacial area developed in nanocomposite materials and thus can be influenced by addition of a compatibilizer. The obtained POM/TPU/OMMT nanocomposites revealed higher impact strength as compared to POM/OMMT materials due to the presence of elastomeric domains facilitating the dissipation of impact energy.

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Muralidharan, M. N. "Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites As Photomechanical Actuators." Advanced Materials Letters 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2013.5474.

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Mohd Amin, Khairatun Najwa, Celine Chaleat, Grant Edwards, Darren J. Martin, and Pratheep Kumar Annamalai. "A cleaner processing approach for cellulose reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Polymer Engineering & Science 62, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 949–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.25899.

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Sumer Gaaz, Tayser, Abu Bakar Sulong, Majid Niaz Akhtar, and Muhammad Rafi Raza. "Morphology and tensile properties of thermoplastic polyurethane-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 12 (December 30, 2015): 2844–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.12.2015.4.0239.

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Kalakonda, P., S. Banne, and PB Kalakonda. "Enhanced mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 9 (January 1, 2019): 184798041984085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980419840858.

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Carbon nanotubes are considered to be ideal candidates for improving the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposite scaffolds due to their higher surface area, mechanical properties of three-dimensional isotropic structure, and physical properties. In this study, we showed the improved mechanical properties prepared by backfilling of preformed hydrogels and aerogels of individually dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-Baytubes) and thermoplastic polyurethane. Here, we used the solution-based fabrication method to prepare the composite scaffold and observed an improvement in tensile modulus about 200-fold over that of pristine polymer at 19 wt% MWCNT loading. Further, we tested the thermal properties of composite scaffolds and observed that the nanotube networks suppress the mobility of polymer chains, the composite scaffold samples were thermally stable well above their decomposition temperatures that extend the mechanical integrity of a polymer well above its polymer melting point. The improved mechanical properties of the composite scaffold might be useful in smart material industry.

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Lee, Minho, Donghyeon Kim, Jeongyup Kim, Jun Kyun Oh, Homero Castaneda, and Jeong Ho Kim. "Antimicrobial Activities of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites against Pathogenic Bacteria." ACS Applied Bio Materials 3, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 6672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00452.

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Lan, Yan, Hu Liu, Xiaohan Cao, Shuaiguo Zhao, Kun Dai, Xingru Yan, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen, and Zhanhu Guo. "Electrically conductive thermoplastic polyurethane/polypropylene nanocomposites with selectively distributed graphene." Polymer 97 (August 2016): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.017.

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Koerner, Hilmar, John Kelley, Justin George, Lawrence Drummy, Peter Mirau, Nelson S. Bell, Julia W. P. Hsu, and Richard A. Vaia. "ZnO Nanorod−Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Morphology and Shape Memory Performance." Macromolecules 42, no. 22 (November 24, 2009): 8933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma901671v.

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Karak*, Niranjan, Rocktotpal Konwarh, and Brigitte Voit. "Catalytically Active Vegetable‐Oil‐Based Thermoplastic Hyperbranched Polyurethane/Silver Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 307, no. 10 (October 2022): 2200576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200576.

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Karak, Niranjan, Rocktotpal Konwarh, and Brigitte Voit. "Catalytically Active Vegetable-Oil-Based Thermoplastic Hyperbranched Polyurethane/Silver Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 295, no. 2 (December 4, 2009): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200900211.

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Zhao, Wenming, Mei Li, and Hua-Xin Peng. "Functionalized MWNT-Doped Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Aerospace Coating Applications." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 295, no. 9 (July 27, 2010): 838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201000080.

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Barick, A. K., and D. K. Tripathy. "Preparation and characterization of carbon nanofiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 124, no. 1 (October 10, 2011): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.35066.

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