Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermométrie de surface'
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Rakotoharisoa, Andrianarinantenaina. "Thermomètre de surface à bisonde massive thermorégulée piloté par microordinateur." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUED002.
Abid, Ridha. "La thermoréflectivite du silicium oxyde ; application à la mesure de température à la surface d'un thyristor gto en commutation." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0199.
Chadli, Saïd. "Modélisation et réalisation d'un multicapteur microcontrôlé à couches minces, pour la mesure ambulatoire des températures de surface." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES037.
Yang, Junhua. "Evaluation analytique et numérique de la performance du transfert de chaleur et de masse lors du refroidissement de l'air avec ou sans déshumidification sur une surface augmentée." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10244.
This study consists of a mathematical modelling of heat and mass transfer for during the cooling of airflow over a fin-and-tube with or without condensation. The numerical simulation made it possible to obtain the distribution of velocity, the temperature and humidity of the airflow, and distribution of fin temperature and local efficiency, as well as the condensate flux and the sensitive and latent heat flux
Lechner, Valentin. "Experimental study of LOX/CH4 flames in rocket engines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST040.
Using methane as a fuel in rocket engines would have many advantages but the combustion with pure oxygen at high pressure remains poorly understood. From a thermodynamic point of view, methane and oxygen share very similar critical point values, making it challenging to predict propellant mixing, flame anchoring, stability and structure. Moreover, when methane is injected in excess, aerosols can be produced, which can clog the lines, damage the turbine, and reduce the efficiency.Therefore, a thorough update of the knowledge of LOX/CH4 combustion is necessary. These challenges are tackled within the consortium composed of EM2C laboratory, ONERA, CNES, and ArianeGroup. Two test campaigns are carried out at the MASCOTTE facility from ONERA, aiming to study three central topics: the flame structure, wall heat transfers, and aerosol production. To this end, various experimental diagnostics are implemented simultaneously during high-pressure hot-fire tests.Various imaging diagnostics are implemented to analyze the flame structure and the dense liquid jets. Despite the acquisition difficulties encountered in these extreme conditions, the analyses reveal a complex flame structure. In the subcritical regime, atomization and evaporation mechanisms dominate. The flame is much more opened and longer than at higher pressures, where diffusive mixing mechanisms prevail. Characterizing flame anchoring remains a challenge. A water ice ring surrounding, and masking, the flame foot has been identified. Formation mechanisms are proposed, and a growth/destruction temporal cycle is highlighted. Its presence strongly affects flame visualizations, and may lead to misinterpretations of its topology.Laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP) is implemented for the first time at MASCOTTE. Various LIP methods exist, but they are not well suited to the MASCOTTE conditions: wide temperature range, thermal transients, and two-phase flow environment favoring laser absorption/diffusion. Therefore, a specific method, the Full Spectrum Fitting method (FSF method), has been developed. It exploits the spectral dependence on temperature, enabling instantaneous measurements from 100 to 900 K with a precision of 17 K, with no dependence on the laser excitation energy. A detailed data analysis highlights the predominant wall heat transfer modes, studies the influence of the operating points, and compares the experimental data with a wall heat transfer model, which is particularly well suited for deducing the convective properties of the flow.Three diagnostics are used to characterize aerosols. An intrusive probe samples particles and burnt gases downstream of the flame. The particles are sampled on TEM grids and analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Detailed images of the aerosol morphology reveal that the particles are soot. Combustion products are analyzed by gas chromatography. This makes it possible to identify soot precursor molecules such as benzene and acetylene. Soot are quantified temporally by laser extinction. A dedicated post-processing method is developed and various hypotheses are discussed to explain the spatial variations of the soot production downstream of the flame
Favrichon, Samuel. "Avancées méthodologiques dans l’estimation de la température de surface continentale par des observations microondes passives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS339.
Land surface temperature is an essential variable in modeling the global energy budget. Passive microwave imagers aboard satellite provide global observations that can be used to estimate the land surface temperature in all-sky conditions contrary to infrared observations that cannot be used to estimate surface temperatures under overcast conditons. Nevertheless, a few challenges arise when using these observations that are addressed in this thesis. Among them, the correction of observations coming from different instruments through inter-calibration, the detection of cloud-contaminated signal with changing cloud type and frequency. Also, maps of arid areas with high penetration depth where microwave temperature comes from the sub-surface with a temperature that can be different from the skin temperature are created. A downscaling methodology to increase the spatial resolution of land surface temperature using statistical relationship with ancillary variables is also introduced
Katz, Amandine. "Développement du thermomètre Δ47 appliqué sur coccolithes : de la calibration en laboratoire à l’applicabilité au registre sédimentaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC187.
The Δ47 geothermometer relies on the relationship between the 13C–18O abundance in carbonateand temperature of calcification. This proxy has the potential to overcome limitations of other thermometers(δ18O, Mg/Ca) to reconstruct oceanic paleotemperatures. This thesis evaluates for the first time the potentialand the limitations of the Δ47 thermometry of the coccoliths, the calcareous nannofossils produced byorganisms calcifying in the photic zone. These calcitic and ubiquitous biominerals represent an importantpart of the sedimentary archive. In vitro cultures allow us to establish that three modern coccoliths speciesrecord the same Δ47–T relation than inorganic calcite, although exhibiting substantial δ18O vital effects(±5‰). We conclude that these coccoliths species do not present any Δ47 vital effect. We subsequentlyapplied the Δ47 proxy to sediments from the Toarcian oceanic anoxic events (–183 Ma) during which thetemperatures reconstructions are still elusive, mainly due to the unknown oxygen isotopic composition ofseawater. On the basis of our Δ47 data, we infer relatively high, yet steady temperatures (around 36°C) duringthe examined interval. By combining these Δ47-derived temperatures to carbonate δ18O data, we can suggestdrastic change in the seawater δ18O composition in the Paris Basin at the onset of black shale deposition. Acore top calibration of Δ47 of coccoliths revealed that one of the studied cultured species exhibits Δ47disequilibrium that is accountable by other environmental parameters, such as light irradiance in the naturalenvironment. Thus, this thesis illustrates the potential of the coccolith Δ47 thermometer in different settings,opening a wide range of application to reconstruct the palaeoenvironments over the Meso-Cenozoic Eras
Benmecheta, Aicha. "Estimation de la température de surface a partir de l'imagerie satellitale; validation sur une zone côtière d’Algérie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1171/document.
The techniques of thermal remote sensing (TIR) were applied in environmental studies especially for the extraction of the surface temperature. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is the only possible approach to retrieve LST (Coll & et al., 2005). Many authors have studied this parameter and proposed specific algorithms for its extraction from satellite imaging. (Abdellaoui A. , 1985a) proposed a model for the relationship of the air temperature near the ground for the spatial extension of surface-based parameters models; (Abdellaoui & et al., 1986) proposed a global analysis model of energy balance at the soil-atmosphere interface that extracts the daily changes in surface temperature and evapo-transpiration and an average value of thermal inertia; (Becker & Li, 1990) applied the split-window method on the earth's surface by taking into consideration the surface emissivity; (Sobrino & et al., 1996) have developed a split-window algorithm for estimating the surface temperature by providing split-window coefficients adapted to ATSR sensor. (Gillespie & et al., 1998) applied the TES method that uses a separation approach of the temperature and emissivity to find the surface temperature. (Qin & et al., 2001a) have found it useful to focus on a single thermal band by developing a single-window algorithm for extracting the surface temperature from Landsat TM6 Data.Some conventional image processing software such as ENVI, IDRISSI, ERDAS incorporate a module for generating a surface temperature image using the calibration and adjustment parameters. However, the surface temperature in these software represents only one small element of a set of outputs that are primarily dedicated to the visible rather than to the infrared spectrum. Our main objective in this work is to develop an extraction and processing tool for the surface temperature and its use for the monitoring of the landscape evolution. Using IDL as its image processing engine, our tool is equipped with graphical user interface and user-driven modules. The algorithms developed employ a number of methods to calculate the surface temperature based on satellite data; the interface allows the selection of the most suitable extraction method for the user’s study
Wong, Guillaume. "Développement de capteurs à ondes élastiques de surface auto-encapsulés aux fréquences intermédiaires pour environnement haute température." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD040.
This thesis contributes to scientific and technological research in the context of the ALCASAR and LANCASTER collaborative projects carried out in partnership with the companies Rakon, Frecnsys, Siltronix, SENSeOR and Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1). The challenge of ALCASAR is to produce surface elastic wavelength components (SAW) based on epitaxial AlN on sapphire for two types of applications. The first part will be to maximize the Qf product of resonators for frequency sources with noise of on the other hand, passive sensors interrogated at a distance for physical measurements at very high temperatures (above 650 ° C.). The frequency ranges of these components are located between 1 GHz and 4.6 GHz. LANCASTER 's stake is fundamentally similar, the differences being the material used for the substrate (Langatate) and the frequency ranges (500 MHz and 1 GHz). In the intended applications, WLP: Wafer Level packaging is provided and, in the specific case of the high temperature sensor. The main objective of the research is to optimize the response to the elastic wave components with respect to the differential stresses induced by the encapsulation when the environmental conditions, and in particular the temperature, vary
Groz, Marie-Marthe. "Reconstruction 3D de sources de chaleur volumiques à partir des champs de température de surface mesurés par thermographie InfraRouge." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0135.
Non Destructive Testing (N.D.T.) of materials and structures is a very important industrial issue in the fields of transport, aeronautics and space and in the medical domain. Active infrared thermography is a N.D.T. method that consists in providing an external excitation to cause an elevation of temperature field in the material and then to evaluate the resulting temperature field at the surface. However, thermal exciters used (flash lamps, halogen, lasers) act only on the surface of the sample. Several energy conversion systems can on the other hand lead to the generation of volumetric sources: the phenomena of thermo-acoustic, thermo-induction, thermomechanic or thermochemistry can be cited. For example, ultrasonic waves can generate volumetric heat sources if the material is viscoelastic or if there is a defect. The reconstruction of these sources is the first step for the quantification of parameters responsible of the heating. Characterizing a heat source means reconstructing its geometry and the power it generates. For example, a defect in a structure and / or the viscoelasticity of a material can be detected and quantified by this technique if it acts directly on temperature field. However, identification of volumetric heat sources from surface temperature fields is a mathematical ill-posed problem. The diffusive nature of the temperature is the main cause. In this work, the 3D reconstruction of the volumetric heat sources from the resulting surface temperature field, measured by InfraRed, is studied. First, an analysis of the physical problem enables to specify the limits of the reconstruction. In particular, a criterion on achievable spatial resolution is defined and a reconstruction limitation for in-depth sources is highlighted. Then, a probabilistic approach for the reconstruction is proposed and compared to existing inverse methods. The computation time and noise sensitivity are studied for each of these methods. Numerical and experimental applications will thus be presented to illustrate the results
Michaut, Xavier. "Influence de la relaxation collisionnelle sur les raies Raman purement rotationnelles de H2 perturbé par H2, He, Ar, N2 et H2O en vue du diagnostic optique de la température : comparaison avec les raies rovibrationnelles de la branche Q." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS048.
Duffour, Clément. "Analyse des effets directionnels dans l'infrarouge thermique dans le cas des couverts végétaux continus : modélisation et application à la correction des données spatiales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30050/document.
Remotely-sensed data in thermal infrared (TIR) are an essential source of information to estimate surface fluxes and to monitor the functioning of agro-ecosystems. However, surface temperature measurements are prone to directional effects ('hot spot' phenomenon)which may result in an error up to 10°C. They have to be taken into account in the framework of operational applications. The work proposed here aims at modelling the directional anisotropy of continuous vegetated canopies in order to develop operational methods for correcting land surface temperature measurements carried out by TIR satellites. This work is mainly motivated by the CNES projects aiming at developing a new TIR spatial mission combining both high spatial resolution and high revisit time capacities. Two steps were carried out. The first is based on the use of the deterministic SVAT model SCOPE (Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy fluxes), able to simulate directional radiances at top of canopy in both optical and TIR domains. In this thesis, it is validated against experimental measurements and its ability to successfully simulate TIR directional anisotropy demonstrated. Then it is used to study the sensitivity of anisotropy to canopy structure, water status of soil and vegetation, meteorological forcing and solar and observer angular configurations. The consequences of the combined features of satellites orbits, geographical position of the scanned sites and acquisition date on anisotropy are discussed. In the second part, we propose a simplified parametric model (called 'RL'). SCOPE is used as a data generator. The RL model is deemed suitable and able to correctly reproduce directional signatures both in terms of geometry (hot spot position) and amplitude of these effects. A comparison with the only one parametric model previously used in TIR remote sensing (Vinnikov's approach) confirms the good capacities of the RL model. The RL model is thus a potential candidate to the future satellite processing chains
Mengue, M'Owono Prince Warel. "Capteurs à ondes élastiques de déformation, température et champ magnétique directement intégrés sur pièces métalliques : applications en surveillance de santé des structures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0085.
Structural integrity research, also called structural health monitoring (SHM), enables the implementation of a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil, and mechanical infrastructures. These systems typically consist of a network of smart sensors that enable the collection of data across the entire structure. In addition, the increasing use of connected objects (IoT) in the market is making these systems more and more attractive. Therefore, it is important to develop sensors that are responsive to the external environment, have innovative features, and enable continuous monitoring of the structure. Surface acoustic wave devices have a wide range of innovative properties. Their sensitivity to external disturbances allows continuous measurement of the various measurands (temperature, pressure, deformation, etc.). Moreover, these devices can be passive (without battery), remotely interrogatable (wireless) and self-protected (without packaging). The implementation of conventional SAW sensors is usually on piezoelectric materials, which involves the use of adhesive to attach the sensor to the part under test. The adhesive leads to the need to perform a certain number of complex techniques, in addition to a calibration of the structure to be fixed before any type of measurement. This first leads to measurement errors caused by the relaxation of the adhesive in inhospitable and variable environments. In a second step, a delay is caused in the measurement of the deformation stresses, which varies according to the thickness and environment of the measurements. In a third step, sensor lift-off is often very rare. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop sensors that combine SAW devices with the structural health monitoring system for the measurement of deformation, temperature and magnetic field integrated directly on industrial metal parts
Bercelli, Lorenzo. "Étude des propriétés en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux et des structures obtenus par le procédé de fabrication additive arc-fil." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0008.
Additive manufacturing processes act as an alternative to the production of complex geometries and high added value parts. It is the case in the naval industry for which the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is used to fabricate hollow structures. WAAM materials usually show a heterogeneous microstructure, internal defects, a strong residual stress field and rough asbuilt surfaces. The objective of the present work is to propose a method for fatigue life prediction taking into account both the internal defects and the rough asbuilt surfaces. The material parameters of probabilistic models are determined through the use of thermometry in fatigue tests. Firstly, it is shown that the self-heating of machined samples is not affected by the presence of rare pores, allowing for the identification of the fatigue properties of a virtually defect-free WAAM material. Secondly, the use of infrared thermography allows for the detection and the tracking of fatigue cracks on rough as-built surfaces of samples, giving useful information to the modelisation of crack propagation. Finally, these tests results are confronted to the case of a hollow WAAM structures with rough as-built internal surfaces. The fatigue testing of these structures allow to set the basis of a fatigue dimensioning method
Floer, Cécile. "Capteurs à ondes élastiques confinées, sans fil et étirables : application à l'électronique imperceptible sur peau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0188.
With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), the continuous monitoring of the human body parameters and the extreme miniaturization of devices are becoming major societal challenges. At the same time, surface acoustic wave devices (SAW devices) who are widely used in telecommunications for filtering are booming for their sensor function. It is precisely in this context, between the field of epidermal electronics and micro-acoustics that lies this thesis project. The goal is to develop a wireless temperature sensor that combines a device based on the acoustic wave technology with stretchable antennas. The use of a confined wave structure (WLAW) and a choice of suitable materials remove the need for encapsulation in the device. In the ultrathin and ultra-soft flexible format, the device can be harmoniously “tattooed” on the skin. A significant part of the work is focused on the development of the packageless devices and their optimization through different strategies (development of thin-film materials, designs). The remote interrogation is demonstrated using stretchable antennas made by transfer printing
Capdeville, Stéphanie. "Couches minces de ferrites spinelles à propriétés semiconductrices destinées à la réalisation de microbolomètres." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009540.
Onesippe, Cristel. "Étude des systèmes polyélectrolyte-tensioactif en phase aqueuse et à l'interface liquide-gaz : application à l'élaboration de micro-capsules." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20133.
Zantout, Hamdan. "Conception et réalisation d'un analyseur automatique de transfert thermique dans des couches minces électrolytiques caractérisées de Ni-P amorphe : Étude de paramétrage." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10429.