Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermogravimetric analysis'
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Pascoa, Dos Santos Magaia. "Pyrolysis and thermogravimetric analysis of wood and its components." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158618.
Full textLindsey, Benjamin Keith. "Thermogravimetric analysis of biomass-lignite blends for co-combustion." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428358.
Full textPERSNIA, YOSRA. "Thermogravimetric analysis and modeling of pyrolysis of macroscopic wood particles." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190841.
Full textKunskap om kinetiken för pyrolysprocessen är viktig. Det är även en utmaning att finna parametrar för kinetiken som kan tillämpas till olika massor och storlekar av biomassa. Många forskare har undersökt pyrolys beteenden på bara träpulver på grund av värme- och massöverföring begränsningar. De har också fokuserat på att undersöka effekterna av råvara karakterisering, uppehållstid, gasmiljö, uppvärmningshastighet och den slutliga temperaturen samt arrangemanget av pyrolysreaktorn och modellering av kinetiken. I detta projekt presenteras en kvalitativ förståelse av pyrolysprocessen baserad på data från långsamma uppvärmningshastigheter. Prover av granflis vid olika massor; 4 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg och 800 mg och även 4 mg pulver har använts i experimenten med thermogravimetric analys för att förstå massförlust uppträdandet. Dessutom har kinetiska parametrar för biomassa tagits från litteratur och har använts i modelleringen för att förstå i vilken utsträckning dessa parametrar skiljer sig åt för pulver och flis. Den kinetiska modellen som har valts att undersökas i detta projekt är den där varje komponent av biomassa visar separata och olika egenskaper under termisk nedbrytning. De experimentella resultat på flis vid olika provmassorna uppvisar samma beteende för dem alla och det finns ingen värme- och massöverföringsbegränsningar. Resultaten från experiment på pulver visar annorluna beteende än för träflis endast i slutet av massförlust kurvan. Detta innebär att mindre kol produceras för pulver än vad det gör för flis. Resultaten från modelleringen visar att kinetiska parametrar såsom aktiveringsenergin och prefactor är densamma för båda pulver och flis. Den enda parameter som skiljer sig är den förutbestämda utbytet av kol för hemicellulosa’s andra reaktion. Den kinetiska modellen och kinetiska parametrar som används i denna rapport är i god överensstämmelse med de experimentella resultaten. Denna modell som används, där varje komponent visar enskilt beteende under dess termisk nedbrytning och slutprodukterna är bara gaser och kol, är en pålitlig modell för att beskriva beteendet för massförlust av biomassa. Skillnaden i de experimentella resultaten mellan pulver och flis kan förklaras av modelleringen. Det kan konstateras att skillnaden är i kol utbytet från sönderdelningen av hemicellulosa.
Gan, Yaodong. "Thermogravimetric Analysis of Coal Blends Under Conditions of Pyrolysis & Combustion." TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2370.
Full textLowton, Rebecca L. "Structural and thermogravimetric studies of alkali metal amides and imides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:df7b324d-c33d-4265-91cb-0555c3a10bec.
Full textZuru, Abdullahi Abdu. "Evaluation of kinetic parameters and investigation of reaction mechanisms using rising temperature thermogravimetric technique." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315456.
Full textScaggs, Meredith Lynne. "Development and Implementation of a Standard Methodology for Respirable Coal Mine Dust Characterization with Thermogravimetric Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71817.
Full textMaster of Science
Nara, Kameswara R. "Analysis of non load bearing two component (2K) adhesives; under the automotive hemming process variations; thermogravimetric, calorimetric and composition analyses." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219861632/.
Full textMuralidas, Pooja. "Thermo-gravimetric Analysis of Corrosion Kinetics of Ti and Zr Coated P91 Steel." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2057.
Full textAgioutanti, Eleftheria. "An Improved Thermogravimetric Analysis Method for Respirable Coal Mine Dust and Comparison to Results by SEM-EDX." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91984.
Full textMaster of Science
It has long been known that chronic exposures to excessive respirable coal mine dust can lead to the development of lung diseases such as Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis (“Black Lung”) and silicosis. Disease rates in central Appalachia have shown an alarming and unexpected increase since the mid-1990s, despite declining dust concentrations evident from regulatory compliance monitoring data. Clearly, there is a need to better understand coal mine dust composition, which will require additional analytical methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been proposed as one possible method, because it should allow estimation of three key dust components from separate sources: coal from the coal strata being mined; non-carbonate minerals from the rock strata being mined or drilled; and carbonates from application of rock dust products to the mine floor and ribs. However, preliminary work with TGA showed limited accuracy, mostly due to sampling materials. In this thesis, two studies were performed. The first study aims to establish an improved TGA method using smooth, polycarbonate (PC) filters. The second study demonstrates the method on a large number of mine dust samples, and compares the results to those gained by an alternative method that uses electron microscopy.
Vamvuka, Despina. "Thermogravimetric analysis studies of low rank coals and modelling of combustion and gasification processes in entrained systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363216.
Full textCarvalho, Cláudio Teodoro de [UNESP]. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico dos 2-metoxicinamalpiruvatos de lantanídeos (III), exceto promécio, e ítrio (III) no estado sólido." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105707.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Sintetizou-se o ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico (2-MeO-HCP), através da reação de condensação aldólica do 2-metoxicinamaldeído (CH3O-C6H4-(CH)2-CHO), 96 % de pureza com o piruvato de sódio, (Na-2-MeO-CP), 99% puro, ambos da Aldrich. A pureza do ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico sintetizado foi determinada por DSC através do pico de fusão em 125 ºC. O ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico foi convertido a uma solução de aproximadamente 0,15 mol L-1 de 2-metoxicinamalpiruvato de sódio (pH~7,5). Com esse sal foram sintetizados os compostos no estado sólido (Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O), sendo que Ln representa os lantanídeos trivalentes e Y(III), 2-MeO-CP o ligante 2-metoxicinamalpiruvato e n o número de moléculas de água com n = 1,5 para o composto de túlio e itérbio e para os demais compostos n = 1. Os Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O foram obtidos no estado sólido por adição lenta do ligante aos respectivos cloretos metálicos ou nitratos sob agitação contínua até a total precipitação dos íons metálicos. Os precipitados foram filtrados em papel de filtro Whatman n 42 lavando-se os mesmos com água destilada até a obtenção de teste negativo para cloretos com AgNO3 em meio nítrico e difenilamina para nitratos. Posteriormente os precipitados foram secos em temperatura ambiente e armazenados em dessecador contendo cloreto de cálcio. Técnicas instrumentais utilizadas no estudo dos compostos: Termogravimetria e Análise Térmica Diferencial Simultânea (TG-DTA) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Complexometria com EDTA (padrão de 1,000 x 10-2 mol L-1 ) forneceu informações sobre grau de hidratação, comportamento térmico e estequiometria; Difratometria de Raios X pelo método do pó, informações da cristalinidade e Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região do Infravermelho sugeriu a forma de coordenação dos compostos sintetizados. Na caracterização do ácido...
The 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic acid (2-MeO-HCP) was synthesized through the reaction of aldolic condensation of 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (CH3O-C6H4-(CH) 2-CHO), 96% purity, with sodium pyruvate, (Na-2 - MeO-CP) 99% pure, both from Aldrich. The purity of 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic synthesized was determined by DSC through the melting peak at 125 ºC. The 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic acid was converted to a solution of about 0.15 mol L-1 of the sodium 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate (pH ~ 7.5). With this salt were synthesized the solid compounds (Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O), where Ln represents trivalent lanthanides and Y (III), 2-MeO-CP is the methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate ligand and n the number of water molecules with n = 1.5 for the compound thulium, ytterbium and for the other compounds, n = 1. The Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O were obtained in the solid state by slow addition of the ligand to the respective metal chlorides or nitrates on continuous stirring until total precipitation of metal ions. The precipitates were filtered through filter paper Whatman number 42, washing them with distilled water to obtain a negative test for chloride with AgNO3 in nitric acid and diphenylamine to nitrates. Subsequently the precipitates were dried at room temperature and stored in a desiccator containing calcium chloride. Instrumental techniques used in the study of compounds: Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Complexometry with EDTA (standard padrão de 1,000 x 10-2 mol L-1 ) provided information on degree of hydration, thermal behavior and stoichiometry; X-ray Diffractometry by the method of powder provided information about crystallinity, and Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region suggested the form of coordination of the compounds synthesized. In the characterization of 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic, apart from the DSC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Zivkovic, DaVena. "Enzymatic Characterization of Aldose Reductase and Its Inhibitors." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1472069987.
Full textKumar, Prateek. "Heat Capacity and Oxidation Kinetic Studies of Fe-Ti Composite Metal Oxide (ITCMO) using Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502723527531035.
Full textRenneckar, Scott Harold. "Modification of Wood Fiber with Thermoplastics by Reactive Steam-Explosion." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11239.
Full textPh. D.
Carvalho, Cláudio Teodoro de. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico dos 2-metoxicinamalpiruvatos de lantanídeos (III), exceto promécio, e ítrio (III) no estado sólido /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105707.
Full textBanca: Lazaro Moscardini D'Assunção
Banca: Nedja Suely Fernandes
Banca: José Marques Luiz
Banca: Salvador Claro Neto
Resumo: Sintetizou-se o ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico (2-MeO-HCP), através da reação de condensação aldólica do 2-metoxicinamaldeído (CH3O-C6H4-(CH)2-CHO), 96 % de pureza com o piruvato de sódio, (Na-2-MeO-CP), 99% puro, ambos da Aldrich. A pureza do ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico sintetizado foi determinada por DSC através do pico de fusão em 125 ºC. O ácido 2-metoxicinamalpirúvico foi convertido a uma solução de aproximadamente 0,15 mol L-1 de 2-metoxicinamalpiruvato de sódio (pH~7,5). Com esse sal foram sintetizados os compostos no estado sólido (Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O), sendo que Ln representa os lantanídeos trivalentes e Y(III), 2-MeO-CP o ligante 2-metoxicinamalpiruvato e n o número de moléculas de água com n = 1,5 para o composto de túlio e itérbio e para os demais compostos n = 1. Os Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O foram obtidos no estado sólido por adição lenta do ligante aos respectivos cloretos metálicos ou nitratos sob agitação contínua até a total precipitação dos íons metálicos. Os precipitados foram filtrados em papel de filtro Whatman n 42 lavando-se os mesmos com água destilada até a obtenção de teste negativo para cloretos com AgNO3 em meio nítrico e difenilamina para nitratos. Posteriormente os precipitados foram secos em temperatura ambiente e armazenados em dessecador contendo cloreto de cálcio. Técnicas instrumentais utilizadas no estudo dos compostos: Termogravimetria e Análise Térmica Diferencial Simultânea (TG-DTA) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e Complexometria com EDTA (padrão de 1,000 x 10-2 mol L-1 ) forneceu informações sobre grau de hidratação, comportamento térmico e estequiometria; Difratometria de Raios X pelo método do pó, informações da cristalinidade e Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região do Infravermelho sugeriu a forma de coordenação dos compostos sintetizados. Na caracterização do ácido... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic acid (2-MeO-HCP) was synthesized through the reaction of aldolic condensation of 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (CH3O-C6H4-(CH) 2-CHO), 96% purity, with sodium pyruvate, (Na-2 - MeO-CP) 99% pure, both from Aldrich. The purity of 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic synthesized was determined by DSC through the melting peak at 125 ºC. The 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic acid was converted to a solution of about 0.15 mol L-1 of the sodium 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate (pH ~ 7.5). With this salt were synthesized the solid compounds (Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O), where Ln represents trivalent lanthanides and Y (III), 2-MeO-CP is the methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate ligand and n the number of water molecules with n = 1.5 for the compound thulium, ytterbium and for the other compounds, n = 1. The Ln-2-MeO-CP.nH2O were obtained in the solid state by slow addition of the ligand to the respective metal chlorides or nitrates on continuous stirring until total precipitation of metal ions. The precipitates were filtered through filter paper Whatman number 42, washing them with distilled water to obtain a negative test for chloride with AgNO3 in nitric acid and diphenylamine to nitrates. Subsequently the precipitates were dried at room temperature and stored in a desiccator containing calcium chloride. Instrumental techniques used in the study of compounds: Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Complexometry with EDTA (standard padrão de 1,000 x 10-2 mol L-1 ) provided information on degree of hydration, thermal behavior and stoichiometry; X-ray Diffractometry by the method of powder provided information about crystallinity, and Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared Region suggested the form of coordination of the compounds synthesized. In the characterization of 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvic, apart from the DSC... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Krapukaitytė, Aušra. "Šiuolaikinės ir archeologinės keramikos tyrimas ir apibūdinimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090707_154423-80221.
Full textThe elemental composition of the samples of modern and archaeological ceramics was determined using the energy dispersive X-ray analysis, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, titrimetric and spectrophotometric analysis methods. It has been shown that the qualitative and quantitative composition of all the samples is different. It has been established that silicon and aluminium are the main elements in all the samples. SiO2 accounts for 46–60 % of the composition of the ceramics, Al2O3 – for some 17–33%. The amounts of Fe, Na, Mg, K, Ca and Ti discovered in the samples are several times lesser. EDX analysis can successfully be used in determining the main elements whose amounts exceed 0.5% of the overall elemental composition. In order to determine the exact composition of ceramics one has to employ the FAAS analysis method. To determine in a credible manner the amount of aluminium in ceramics, one can use the titrimetric method, and the amount of silicon and titanium – spectrophotometric methods. Upon examination of the modern and archaeological ceramics by diffraction analysis it has been established that the main phase of all the samples is the same – quartz SiO2, however their phase composition varies. In different samples the following phases have been discovered: calcite, dolomite, kaolinite, albite, microcline, muscovite, mullite, hematite, rutile, diopside, corundum, titanite, and sodium anorthite. Being aware of the phase composition, it has been established that the... [to full text]
Alvarenga, Larissa Machado. "Pirólise de resíduos de embalagens cartonadas e seus componentes puros : uma avaliação cinética." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6126.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Muitos processos têm sido utilizados para a reciclagem dos resíduos de embalagens cartonadas. A pirólise se destaca como uma tecnologia promissora capaz de separar o alumínio do polietileno e gerar produtos com maior poder calorífico. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo das reações de pirólise dos resíduos cartonados e de seus componentes puros, a fim de estimar os parâmetros cinéticos destas reações. Para isto, análises termogravimétricas isotérmicas e dinâmicas foram realizadas e dois diferentes tipos de modelos cinéticos foram utilizados: os isoconversionais e o das reações paralelas independentes (RPI). Os modelos isoconversionais permitiram calcular a energia de ativação global da reação de pirólise dos materiais, de acordo com as suas conversões. Os valores de energia de ativação obtidos com os modelos de Ozawa, K-A-S e Starink para a pirólise das embalagens cartonadas foram semelhantes (168,30; 166,54 e 166,78 kJ.mol-1), assim como aqueles encontrados para o polietileno (137,41; 132,49; 132,98 kJ.mol-1) e para o papel cartão (155,66; 153,46; 153,69 kJ.mol-1). Entretanto, o método de Kissinger estimou menores valores de energia de ativação para as embalagens cartonadas (121,42 kJ.mol-1) e para o papel cartão (144,89 kJ.mol-1), e um maior valor para a energia de ativação do polietileno (155,15 kJ.mol-1). O modelo RPI, por sua vez, permitiu calcular os parâmetros cinéticos de cada um dos subcomponentes da embalagem cartonada e do papel cartão. Os valores estimados para os parâmetros cinéticos dos subcomponentes dos materiais permaneceram dentro da faixa de valores encontrada na literatura. A perda de massa dos materiais simulada com o modelo RPI apresentou um bom ajuste aos dados experimentais obtidos por termogravimetria, com valores de desvios na mesma ordem de grandeza daqueles encontrados em outros trabalhos na literatura. Foi realizada ainda, uma análise de sensibilidade paramétrica do modelo RPI, através da qual se pode verificar que a energia de ativação afetou a conversão total dos materiais de forma mais acentuada do que o fator pré-exponencial. Em geral, este trabalho contribuiu na avaliação da qualidade dos ajustes dos modelos cinéticos utilizados e para o cálculo dos parâmetros cinéticos da pirólise dos materiais
Many processes have been used for recycling of carton packaging wastes. The pyrolysis highlights as a promising technology to be used for recovering the aluminum from polyethylene and generating products with high heating value. In this research, a study on pyrolysis reactions of carton packaging wastes and its pure components was performed in order to estimate the kinetic parameters of these reactions. For this, dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analyses were carried out and two different kinds of kinetic models were used: the isoconversional and Independent Parallel Reactions (IPR). Isoconversional models allowed to calculate the overall activation energy of the material pyrolysis reaction, in according to their conversions. The activation energy values obtained with Ozawa, KAS and Starink models for carton packaging pyrolysis were similar (168.30, 166.54 and 166.78 kJ.mol-1), as well as the results found for polyethylene (137.41, 132.49, 132.98 kJ.mol-1) and cardboard (155.66, 153.46, 153.69 kJ.mol-1). Nevertheless, the Kissinger method the method of Kissinger estimated lower values of activation energy for carton packaging (121.42 kJ.mol-1) and cardboard (144.89 kJ.mol-1), and a higher value for polyethylene activation energy (155.15 kJ.mol-1). The IPR model, in turn, allowed the calculation of kinetic parameters of each one of the carton packaging and paperboard subcomponents. The estimated values for the kinetic parameters of the material subcomponents were within the range of values found in the literature. The mass loss of materials simulated with the RPI model showed a good fit to the experimental data obtained by thermogravimetry, presenting deviation values in the same order of magnitude as those found in other literature studies. It was also performed a parametric sensitivity analysis of IPR model, that shown that the activation energy affected the total conversion of the material more strongly than the pre-exponential factor. In general, this work contributed to the quality evaluation of the kinetic models adjustment and for the calculation of the kinetic parameters of material pyrolysis
Bandarupalli, Praveen Kumar. "Thermal Analysis of Decomposition Reactions of Aspartic and Glutamic Acids in Potassium Chloride Matrix." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1391391780.
Full textPillar, Rachel Joanne, and rachel pillar@flinders edu au. "The Influence of Rolling Oil Decomposition Deposits on the Quality of 55Al-43.4Zn-1.6Si Alloy Coatings." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080108.132120.
Full textRodrigues, Tâmira Tácita Maia. "Estudo da pirólise da microalga Chlorrella Vulgaris: determinação das classes de produtos e dos parâmetros cinéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-20072017-150210/.
Full textThe increasing need to obtain more sustainable sources of energy and raw materials has attracted attention to processes based on biomass conversion. Microalgae are particularly interesting because they do not compete with human food and they are easily adaptable to the growth medium. Besides, microalgae can be thermally processed to produce both biofuels and useful chemicals. Studies on thermal conversion of microalgae have appeared only in recent years, addressing mainly reaction temperatures between 350 and 500 °C. In this study, pyrolysis in temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 ºC have been investigated considering the interest in producing biofuels and useful chemical compounds. The classes of products obtained by isothermal pyrolysis of the Chlorella vulgaris microalgae have been investigated using a pyrolyzer directly connected to a GC/MS system. Among the classes identified, there was a predominance of aromatic and nitrogenous compounds, mainly protein derived compounds. In addition, most products identified in the volatile products stream are present in all reaction temperatures investigated. The kinetic parameters of apparent activation energy, reaction constant and order of reaction were determined through three kinetic models known as K-A-S, Osawa and Freeman-Carroll, calculated from thermogravimetric data. The activation energy for Chlorella presented values within the range of 60 and 206 kJ/mole, while the order of reaction resulted in values between second and tenth order, from the different methods.
Aires, Jussyara Dalianne Martins. "Estudo t?rmico dos res?duos gerados da destila??o atmosf?rica das misturas diesel/biodiesel de dend?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12982.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The growing world demand for energy supplied by fossil fuels, a major contributor to the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and causing environmental problems, has been encouraging governments and international organizations to reflect and encourage the use of alternative renewable sources. Among these new possibilities deserves attention biodiesel, fuel cleaner and easy to reproduce. The study of new technologies involving that source is necessary. From this context, the paper aims at analyzing the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, of the waste generated from atmospheric distillation of mixtures with ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20% palm biodiesel in diesel with and without addition of BHT antioxidant. It was synthesized biodiesel through palm oil, via homogeneous catalysis in the presence of KOH, with and without the use of BHT and subsequently added to the diesel common indoor type (S1800) from a gas station BR. The diesel was already added with 5% biodiesel, and thus the proportions used for these blends were subtracted from the existing ratio in diesel fuel, resulting in the following proportions palm oil biodiesel: 0% (B5), 5% (B10), 10 % (B15) and 15% (B20). From atmospheric distillation analysis, performed in mixtures with and without BHT were collected residue generated by each sample and performed a thermal study from the thermogravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 ?C.min-1, nitrogen atmosphere and heating to 600 ? C. According to the specifications of Resolution No. 7/2008 for biodiesel, it was found that the material was synthesized in accordance with the specifications. For mixtures, it was noted that the samples were in accordance with the ANP Resolution No. 42/2009. Given the TG / DTG curves of the samples of waste mixtures with and without BHT antioxidant was able to observe that they showed a single stage of thermal decomposition attributed to decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons and esters and other heavier constituents of the waste sample weighed. The thermal behavior of residues from atmospheric distillation of mixtures of diesel / biodiesel is very important to understand how this affects the proper functioning of the engine. A large amount of waste can generate a high content of particulate material, coke formation and carbonaceous deposits in engine valves, compromising their performance
A crescente demanda mundial por energia fornecida pelos combust?veis f?sseis, um dos principais respons?veis pela emiss?o de poluentes ? atmosfera e causadores de problemas ambientais, vem estimulando governos e Organismos internacionais a refletir e incentivar o uso de fontes alternativas renov?veis. Dentre essas novas possibilidades merece destaque o biodiesel, combust?vel menos poluente e de f?cil reprodutibilidade. O estudo de novas tecnologias envolvendo essa fonte faz-se necess?rio. Partindo desse contexto, o trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a estabilidade t?rmica, por meio da An?lise Termogravim?trica, dos res?duos gerados da destila??o atmosf?rica das misturas com propor??es de 5, 10, 15 e 20 % de biodiesel de dend? no diesel com e sem a adi??o de antioxidante BHT. Sintetizou-se o biodiesel atrav?s do ?leo de dend?, via cat?lise homog?nea na presen?a de KOH, com e sem o uso de BHT, e posteriormente, adicionou-se ao diesel comum do tipo interior (S1800) proveniente de um posto de gasolina BR. Este diesel j? estava aditivado com 5 % de biodiesel, sendo assim, as propor??es utilizadas para estas misturas foram subtra?das da propor??o existente no diesel, resultando nas seguintes propor??es de biodiesel de dend?: 0% (B5), 5% (B10), 10% (B15) e 15% (B20). Da an?lise de Destila??o Atmosf?rica, realizada nas misturas com e sem BHT, foram coletados o res?duo gerado por cada amostra e efetuado um estudo t?rmico, a partir da An?lise Termogravim?trica, na raz?o de aquecimento de 10 ?C.min-1, atmosfera de nitrog?nio e aquecimento at? 600 ?C. De acordo com as especifica??es da Resolu??o N? 7/2008 para o biodiesel, foi constatado que o material sintetizado estava em conformidade com as especifica??es. No tocante ?s misturas, notou-se que as amostras estavam de acordo com a Resolu??o da ANP N? 42/2009. Diante das curvas TG/DTG das amostras de res?duos das misturas com e sem antioxidante BHT, p?de observar que estas apresentaram uma ?nica etapa de decomposi??o t?rmica atribu?da ? decomposi??o dos hidrocarbonetos pesados e dos ?steres met?licos pesados e outros constituintes pesados da amostra de res?duo. O estudo do comportamento t?rmico do res?duo gerado da destila??o atmosf?rica das misturas de ?leo diesel/biodiesel ? de grande relev?ncia para entendermos o qu?o este interfere no bom funcionamento do motor. Uma grande quantidade de res?duos pode gerar um alto teor de material particulado, forma??o de coque e dep?sitos carbon?ceos nas v?lvulas do motor, comprometendo seu desempenho
Sultan, Abdelrahman Saleh. "High Temperature Corrosion Of Steels Used In Petroleum Refinery Heaters." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606204/index.pdf.
Full textair and CO2+N2+H2O (that simulates the combustion products of natural gas) at two different temperatures
450oC and 500oC. In air oxidation P-22 had the best oxidation resistance among the three steels at two temperatures. In CO2+N2+H2O environment,C-5 possessed better oxidation resistance than P-22 and P-11. Analyses of oxidation products by using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to correlate TGA results to oxide composition and morphology. Lower oxidation rate of P-22 in air was explained with reference to the formation of Cr-O phase. Analytical rate equations showed that all the steels obeyed parabolic rate equation during oxidation and no transition was observed
Silva, Giovanilton Ferreira da. "Estudo da pirolise de composito de poliester insaturado com fibra de vidro em balança termogravimetrica e leito fluidizado." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264097.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Objetivo deste trabalho foi obter os parâmetros cinéticos do poliéster insaturado com fibra de vidro em balança termogravimétrica e a aplicação do leito fluidizado como reator de pirólise. Primeiramente foi feito um estudo para escolher o modelo cinético a partir dos dados obtidos na balança termogravimétrica. O resultado apontou o modelo de primeira ordem como o mais adequado. Foi feito um planejamento fatorial 22 a fim de avaliar a influência que as variáveis, taxa de aquecimento e diâmetro da partícula, tiveram nos parâmetros cinéticos. Os resultados do planejamento fatorial mostraram que a taxa de aquecimento foi o fator mais importante seguido do diâmetro da partícula, e não houve interação entre os fatores. A energia de ativação foi inversamente proporcional com a taxa de aquecimento e diretamente proporcional com o diâmetro da partícula. A taxa de 10°C/min foi a taxa que forneceu os melhores parâmetros cinéticos. Para leito fluidizado foi proposto um planejamento fatorial 23 para avaliar a influência das variáveis, temperatura, velocidade de fluidização e altura do leito fluidizado, tiveram no rendimento da fração liquida, gasosa e sólida. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura foi a variável que mais influenciou o processo de pirólise em leito
Abstract: The aim of this work was to find out the kinetic parameters of unsatured polyester with fiberglass using thermogravimetric analysis, and to apply a fluidized bed like pyrolysis reactor. Firstly, it was selected a kinetic model most suitable to use with obtained data from thermogravimetric analysis. The results pointed the first order model like most suitable. It was performed a factorial analysis 22 in order to analyze the system. The experimental variables have varied simultaneously and systematically (heating rate and particle diameter). The responsevariables were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters. The experimental results of the factorial design showed that heating rate was the effect more significant and there were not interactions between the studied variables. The results showed that activity energy decreased when the heating rate increased and, it increased with increasing particle diameter. The heating rate of 10°C/min achieved the best kinetic parameters. Statistical method was applied to fluidized bed followed a 23 factorial design to evaluate the influence of variables: temperature, fluidized rate and height of fluidized bed. Response variables were yield of oil, yield of gas and, yield of solid. The results showed that temperature was the variable most significant for the pirolysis process at fluidized bed.
Doutorado
Termica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Lans, Alexa Michelle. "Evaluation of Water Sorption and Thermal Properties of Galacto-oligosaccharides, and Application in Glassy Confections." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460764786.
Full textRamos, Ingrid Graça. "Zeólitos como dispositivo de liberação prolongada de rincoforol." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12650.
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O rincoforol (2-metil-5(E)hepteno-4-ol) é o maior constituinte do feromônio de agregação do macho do Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidade), um besouro que ataca diversas espécies de palmeiras e é o principal vetor do nematódeo Bursaphelenchus cocophylus, agente causador da doença do anel vermelho.No Brasil, esse besouro ataca principalmente o coqueiro e o dendezeiro, culturas de grande relevância econômica para o país. Esse feromônio vem sendo utilizado em iscas do tipo eppendorf com um orifício na tampa para controlar a população do besouro. Esse dispositivo facilita a liberação lenta quando comparada à evaporação direta do estado líquido. No entanto, a validade dessas iscas depende da velocidade de evaporação do rincoforol através do dispositivo, que libera quantidade excessiva do feromônio. Com o objetivo de prolongar o tempo de liberação do rincoforol, diferentes zeólitos foram sintetizados, caracterizados e avaliados em relação à sua utilização como adsorvente para o rincoforol. Para isso, a influência de variáveis como: estrutura do zeólito, razão Si/Al, natureza do cátion de compensação, dimensão de poros e acidez foi verificada para o processo de adsorção. Devido à falta de informações referente à estabilidade do rincoforol, foi realizado um estudo termogravimétrico sobre seu comportamento térmico. Estudos de recuperação demonstraram que houve interação entre o rincoforol e os zeólitos ZSM-5 e MCM-22 nas diferentes razões Si/Al, resultando na degradação do feromônio, inviabilizando seu uso como suporte para liberação prolongada. Os materiais silicalita-1, zeólito Y e zeólito L apresentaram bons resultados de recuperação e a liberação do rincoforol a partir desses materiais foi medida em uma termobalança em condição isotérmica. Resultados promissores foram observados quando a velocidade de liberação obtida a partir dos zeólitos foi comparada com o rincoforol comercial. Assim, os estudos realizados nesse trabalho permitiu selecionar zeólitos com grande potencial comercial como dispositivo liberador do rincoforol por um período prolongado.
Salvador
Smith, Beverly. "Investigating Thermal Transformations of Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Influence of the Structural Attributes of the Nanoparticle and Its Environment on Thermal Stability." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19259.
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Wei, Bo. "A novel solar-driven system for two-step conversion of CO2 with ceria-based catalysts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152899.
Full textQC 20141006
Samuels, Gregory James. "Measurement of gas evolution from PUNB bonded sand as a function of temperature." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1260.
Full textBhagavatula, Abhijit. "THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF COAL-BIOMASS BLENDS: KINETICS MODELING OF PYROLYSIS, MOVING BED GASIFICATION AND STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/43.
Full textDas, Sudipto. "Wood/Polymeric Isocyanate Resin Interactions: Species dependence." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28745.
Full textPh. D.
Caple, Kacie Danielle. "A pilot study on the effects of temperature on the material properties of prestressed concrete and the use of thermogravimetric analysis in the assessment of heat-affected concrete." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499264/.
Full textChadima, Jan. "Úskalí zastavování hydratace alkalicky aktivované strusky organickými látkami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449705.
Full textPhillips, Kent Thomas. "Applications of Thermal and Laser-Based Methods for Monitoring Airborne Particulates in Coal Mines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79386.
Full textMaster of Science
Galdo, Antonella. "Kinetic study of the thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition of spent coffee grounds under inert and oxidative atmospheres." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23617/.
Full textLawrence, Robert Michael Heathcote. "A study of carbonation in non-hydraulic lime mortars." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438646.
Full textČechová, Eva. "Termooxidační stabilita kompozitů PMMA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216841.
Full textBatiot, Benjamin. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la décomposition thermique du bois résineux." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0009/document.
Full textFires are complex and a variety of phenomena are involved. In order to study them, the up-scaling approach separates all the processes.Among them, the solid thermal decomposition has an important role to play. Source term, it reflects the amount, rate and nature of volatile compounds emitted and its numerical description is essential. The models used currently are formed by a law of variable speed (the Arrhenius law) coupled with a conversion function of mass for each species and a kinetic mechanism organizing all reactions between them. However, this model is based on the theories used in the gas phase and serious doubts might be raised with regard to the representativeness for application in the condensed phase.The thesis works exposed in this report are focused on the model development departing from the reactions and the processes the more fundamental in the condensed phase in order to permit the simulation of the solid kinetic decomposition. The second aspect concerns the study of this model to determine the resolution and the optimization method the most appropriate, the role of each parameter, the possible compensation mechanisms and the uniqueness of the solution.Finally, the entire process is applied to a complex material, the wood. The results obtained from a new approach developed in this work, show a significant improvement of the model to the physical and chemical aspects of the thermal degradation of solid materials
Okhrimenko, Larysa Mikolaivna. "Stockage d'énergie thermique par un composite zéolite/MgSO4-H2O : étude thermocinétique du système MgSO4 – H2O et étude expérimentale des composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM001/document.
Full textExhaustion of fossil fuels and increase of energy demand, lead to growing interest in the development of renewable energies and energy efficient systems. Nevertheless, the gap between the supply and the demand of energy by renewable energies makes necessary the using a storage system. Among various thermals energy storage technologies, the composites formed by a porous matrix and a hygroscopic salt, allow to benefit advantage of both the adsorption/desorption capacities of the matrix and the chemical reactions of salt. The main difficulty to develop of such a system is the incomplete understanding of the involved physicochemical phenomena.The first objective of this thesis is to study the hydration and dehydration reactions of MgSO4 salt in presence of water vapor. Firstly, the physicochemical characterization of solids and isothermal and isobaric thermogravimetry experiments were carried out. It has been shown that the system is divariant and that the hydrates obtained are non-stoichiometric with localized water molecules. A thermodynamic model was developed and applied to the experimental data. In a second step, the kinetic studies of both the dehydration and hydration reactions were carried out. The rate limiting steps were defined, two kinetic models have been written and applied to the experimental results. Finally, various zeolite/MgSO4 composite materials have been synthesized. These materials have been characterized and their sorption capacity has been measured. The results show an increased sorption capacity, but only for water vapor pressures different from those used for thermal energy storage
Galitz, Christopher Lee. "The Effects of Early-Age Stress on the Elastic and Viscoelastic Behavior of Cement Paste." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56988.
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Jančaříková, Marie. "Testování pryžových těsnících prvků podrobených různým vnějším vlivům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240540.
Full textXi, Yunfei. "Synthesis, characterisation and application of organoclays." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16483/1/Yunfei_Xi_Thesis.pdf.
Full textXi, Yunfei. "Synthesis, characterisation and application of organoclays." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16483/.
Full textBenevides, Lorena Coelho. "Pirólise do bagaço de laranja : análise cinética dos estágios de secagem e devolatização." Mestrado em Energia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1864.
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CAPES
O Brasil produz 1,4 milhões de toneladas de suco de laranja, sendo responsável por 50% da produção mundial. Estima-se que 40-60% do volume processado seja considerado rejeito. Uma alternativa de aproveitamento da biomassa residual é a sua utilização para a obtenção de energia a partir do processo de pirólise. A compreensão desse processo envolve o estudo da cinética de degradação da biomassa residual, dos fenômenos de transporte, bem como do tipo, configuração e condições ótimas de operação do reator. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o estudo cinético da pirólise de bagaço de laranja. Com relação à análise termogravimétrica, esta foi avaliada em dois estágios: o primeiro referente à perda de água livre até 373 K (secagem) e o segundo referente às reações de pirólise (devolatilização). Para a fase de secagem, modelos semi-empíricos de secagem foram usados em suas formas não isotérmicas. Já para a fase de devolatilização, utilizaram-se os modelos isoconversionais e o das reações paralelas independentes (RPI) reparametrizado. Para o primeiro estágio, o modelo que melhor descreveu a etapa de secagem dinâmica foi o de Overhutz, obtendo-se energia de ativação média de 11,24 kJ/mol. Já para o segundo estágio, os modelos isoconversionais apresentaram energia de ativação entre 104,94 e 417,27 kJ/mol. O modelo de Reações Paralelas Independentes Reparametrizado apresentou energia de ativação entre 130,32 e 153,62 kJ/mol, 144,00 e 194,65 kJ/mol, 59,23 e 85,41 kJ/mol, 74,16 e 148,89 kJ/mol, e 163,95 e 184,23 k/mol para hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, pectina e componente não conhecido, respectivamente. As frações dos subcomponentes do bagaço de laranja também foram estimados e obtiveram-se valores aproximados de 21, 31, 17, 25 e 6% de hemicelulose, celulose, lignina, pectina e componente x, respectivamente. Além disso, avaliou-se a cinética de secagem convectiva do bagaço, visto que o mesmo possui uma alta umidade inicial, empregando-se as equações semi-empíricas de cinética de secagem. A energia de ativação para a cinética convectiva do bagaço de laranja foi de 20,99 kJ/mol e o modelo de Overhultz foi o que melhor se adequou aos dados experimentais.
Brazil produces 1.4 million tons of orange juice, accounting for 50% of world production. It is estimated that 40-60% of the volume processed is considered tailings. An alternative use of residual biomass is their use for obtaining energy from the pyrolysis process. Understanding this process involves the study of the residual biomass degradation kinetics, transport phenomena, and the type, configuration, and optimal conditions of reactor operation. The aim of this work is the kinetic study of orange bagasse pyrolysis. With respect to thermogravimetric analysis, this was assessed in two stages: the first refers to the free water loss to 373 K (drying) and the second referring to the pyrolysis reactions (devolatilization). For the drying step, the semi-empirical models of drying were used in their non-isothermal forms. As for the devolatilization phase, they used the isoconversionais models and independent parallel reactions (RPI) reparametrized. For the first stage, the model that best describes the dynamic drying step was to Overhutz, obtaining average activation energy of 11,24 kJ/mol. As for the second stage, isoconversionais models showed activation energy between 104,94 and 417,27 kJ/mol. The reparametrized Independent Parallel Reactions model presented activation energy between 130,32 and 153,62 kJ/mol, 144,00 and 194,65 kJ/mol, 59,23 and 85,41 kJ/mol, 74,16 and 148,89 kJ/mol, and 163,95 and 184,23 kJ/mol for hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, pectin, and component not known respectively. Fractions of subcomponents of orange bagasse were also estimated and is obtained approximate values of 21, 31, 17, 25 and 6% hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, pectin and component x, respectively. In addition, it evaluated the convective drying kinetics bagasse, since it has a high initial moisture content, using the semi-empirical equations drying kinetics. The activation energy for convective kinetics of orange bagasse was 20,99 kJ/mol and the Overhultz model was the one best suited to the experimental data.
Petr, Jakub. "Nové materiály pro Li-iontové baterie pracující na principu konverze." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220927.
Full textKramer, Ricardo Klaus. "Estudo da interação da água com a celulose e o amido por meio da técnica de termogravimetria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-16032015-154829/.
Full textThe interaction of water with cellulose and starch are of great importance for understanding the properties of both polysaccharides and fundamental to the development of new technological applications. Among the new applications are highlighted to nanocellulose such as nanocrystals and microfibrils. The preparation of these materials is strongly influenced by the interaction of hydrogen bonds present in the cellulose fibers, both intra as intermolecular. These interactions are responsible for the mechanical properties of these materials since the molecules are linked to each other through hydrogen bonds where water can participate as a connecting element. For starch, depending on the concentration of the water, can modify it in terms of solubility and properties by gelatinization process or act as plasticizers as partial depolymerization of thermoplastic starch. This paper describes the study of the interaction of the water/cellulose system and the starch/water system by means of thermogravimetric analysis for the identification of different species of water: i) the free water or freezing water, ii) the freezing bound water and iii) the non-freezing bound water. For this study we used the auto stepwise method, that allows greater resolution of the various phenomena separately that occur during the water desorption. The water desorption in the starch is more complex that cellulose, due to alternating crystalline and amorphous parts of the structure. To calculate the bound water desorption activation energy and polysaccharide degradation energy was used kinetic method of Osawa-Flynn-Wall, that possible to estimate the phenomena of the activation energy, ranging from 35-65 kJ / mol for bound water desorption and from 144.6 to 184 kJ / mol for material degradation.
Jarrett, Colby Lewis. "Quantifying the impact of pump performance, chemical conversion, and material properties on solar hydrogen production." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54297.
Full textSilva, Géssica Teixeira da. "Blendas poliméricas de poli (álcool vinílico) e carboximetilcelulose com aplicação em sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9230.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In this investigation we studied the polymer films formed of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), both polymers readily available, and the synthetic first and second semi-synthetic. The films were prepared by evaporation of the solvent method and crosslinked with citric acid (CA) in order to improve their hydrophobicity characteristics. The crosslinked films and uncrosslinked were characterized via swelling measurements, the solubility and permeability to water vapors for testing the barrier properties of the films. In addition to these, antimicrobial activity assays were performed, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis and spectroscopy in the infrared region. Infrared spectra suggested the formation of the blend by displacement of bands and showed that the crosslinking process occurred. Crosslinked films showed better results in relation to the water barrier properties (solubility, swelling and permeability) compared to films not lattices, results as they were, in fact, expected some time crosslinking rearranges the polymer chains in order to hinder the passage of water molecules and control the passage of smaller molecules. Thermal degradation analysis showed that the stability of the films was affected by the presence of citric acid crosslinking agent so that crosslinked films with higher concentrations of BC had greater stability of the thermal point of view. The SEM of the films showed a smooth and homogeneous surface without phase separation of blends and no porosities. The antimicrobial activity performed with strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and C. topicalis showed that no film inhibition activity on the growth of microorganisms. Besides characterization was carried out applying the transdermal films for controlled drug release, which we evaluated the release kinetics of acetaminophen and drugs fluconazole crosslinked films 20 and 30% citric acid. The results of controlled drug release showed that the film exhibited different behaviors across the control release so that the blends presented model release of zero order, carboxymethylcellulose films to uncontrolled release and PVA films were able to maintain a concentration drug constant in the receiving environment after 12 hours of testing.
Nesse trabalho foram estudados os filmes poliméricos formados por poli (álcool vinílico) (PVA) e carboximetilcelulose (CMC), dois polímeros de fácil obtenção, sendo o primeiro sintético e o segundo semissintético. Os filmes foram preparados pelo método da evaporação do solvente e reticulados com ácido cítrico (AC), a fim de melhorar suas características de hidrofobicidade. Os filmes reticulados e não reticulados foram caracterizados via ensaios de intumescimento, solubilidade e permeabilidade aos vapores de água para testar as propriedades de barreira dos filmes. Além desses, foram realizados ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), análise termogravimétrica e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Os espectros de infravermelho sugeriram formaçãoda blenda através de deslocamento de bandas e mostrou que o processo de reticulação ocorreu. Os filmes reticulados apresentaram melhores resultados em relação às propriedades de barreira à água (solubilidade, intumescimento e permeabilidade) quando comparados aos filmes não reticulados, resultados como eram, de fato, esperados, umas vez que a reticulação reorganiza as cadeias poliméricas de forma a dificultar a passagem de moléculas de água e controlar a passagem de moléculas menores. A análise de degradação térmica mostrou que a estabilidade dos filmes foi afetada pela presença do agente reticulante ácido cítrico, de forma que os filmes reticulados com maior concentração de AC apresentaram a maior estabilidade do ponto de vista térmico. O MEV dos filmes mostrou uma superfície lisa e homogênea, sem separação de fases das blendas e ausência de porosidades. A atividade antimicrobiana realizada com cepas de S. aureus, S. epidermides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e C. topicalis, mostrou que nenhum filme apresentou atividade de inibição sobre o crescimento dos microorganismos. Além da caracterização, foi realizada a aplicação dos filmes para sistemas transdérmicos de liberação controlada de fármacos, onde foi avaliada a cinética de liberação dos fármacos paracetamol e fluconazol em filmes reticulados com 20 e 30% de ácido cítrico. Os resultados da liberação controlada de fármacos mostraram que os filmes apresentaram diferentes comportamentos frente ao controle da liberação, de forma que as blendas apresentaram modelo de liberação de ordem zero, os filmes de carboximetilcelulose não controlaram a liberação e os filmes de PVA conseguiram manter uma concentração constante de fármaco no meio receptor após as 12 horas de ensaio.
Kleinhans, Henrik. "Evaluation of the Carbonization of Thermo-Stabilized Lignin Fibers into Carbon Fibers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120519.
Full textWalker, Alasdair Michael. "Extrusion processing of chocolate crumb paste." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1c54a2e6-a767-4fd3-8bf0-e2d250b7ac4a.
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