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1
Yazawa, Kazuaki, and Ali Shakouri. "Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 7791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227791.
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We analyzed the potential of thermoelectrics for electricity generation in a combined heat and power (CHP) waste heat recovery system. The state-of-the-art organic Rankine cycle CHP system provides hot water and space heating while electricity is also generated with an efficiency of up to 12% at the MW scale. Thermoelectrics, in contrast, will serve smaller and distributed systems. Considering the limited heat flux from the waste heat source, we investigated a counterflow heat exchanger with an integrated thermoelectric module for maximum power, high efficiency, or low cost. Irreversible thermal resistances connected to the thermoelectric legs determine the energy conversion performance. The exit temperatures of fluids through the heat exchanger are important for the system efficiency to match the applications. Based on the analytic model for the thermoelectric integrated subsystem, the design for maximum power output with a given heat flux requires thermoelectric legs 40–70% longer than the case of fixed temperature reservoir boundary conditions. With existing thermoelectric materials, 300–400 W/m2 electrical energy can be generated at a material cost of $3–4 per watt. The prospects of improvements in thermoelectric materials were also studied. While the combined system efficiency is nearly 100%, the balance between the hot and cold flow rates needs to be adjusted for the heat recovery applications.
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Harsito, Catur, Teguh Triyono, and Eki Roviyanto. "Analysis of Heat Potential in Solar Panels for Thermoelectric Generators using ANSYS Software." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-07-02.
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The growing demand for energy has an impact on the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy. The sun is energy that has the potential to be used as electrical energy through light energy and heat energy. Recently, research interest related to photovoltaic performance has increased. Several studies have investigated the effect of panel cooling on photovoltaic performance. In this study, the use of exergy solar panels is considered to improve performance by adding a thermoelectric system. Research work related to photovoltaic testing with thermoelectrics at low temperatures has not been carried out. Therefore, experimental methods to obtain temperature profiles and simulation methods to see the power potential generated from thermoelectrics have been carried out. The experimental method is carried out using mono-crystalline panels with type K sensors to retrieve temperature data and data acquisition as deviations from the current, voltage, and temperature results of the panel. The simulation model was carried out using the ANSYS software. Tests are carried out, taking into account the effect of back panel temperature on system performance. The results showed that the photovoltaic temperature fluctuated due to the influence of cloud cover, the highest photovoltaic temperature was 57°C, and the lowest temperature was 30°C. The maximum power produced by photovoltaic is 39.8W. It is then applied to the thermoelectric simulation based on the highest temperature, and the maximum power value is 1673.4 mW. This photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator system produces a 4.2% increase in power value over conventional photovoltaic systems. The findings in this study can be used as a reference for all types of low-temperature photovoltaic-thermoelectric systems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-02 Full Text: PDF
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Kulkarni, Vikas V., and Vandana A. Kulkarni. "Energy Efficient Photovoltaic Systems using Thermoelectric Cooling System." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i5.6610.
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Dual thermoelectric-photovoltaic (TE-PV) systems are a type of solar energy technology that combines two different technologies to generate electricity by concentrating solar radiation. These systems use a solar concentrator to focus sunlight onto a photovoltaic cell and a thermoelectric generator. The aim of this paper is to develop a dual thermoelectric-photovoltaic system with a water-cooled heat sink to generate electricity from concentrated solar radiation through Fresnel lenses.In addition, the detailed design for the components that will be integrated into an experimental prototype of the dual system on a laboratory scale is carried out and its functionality is determined. Finally, its functionality is evaluated and achieved an estimated maximum power of 1.5 Watts.
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Baheta, Aklilu Tesfamichael, Kar Kin Looi, Ahmed Nurye Oumer, and Khairul Habib. "Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning System: Building Applications and Enhancement Techniques." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 02 (June 2019): 1930002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519300027.
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The high reliability, the absence of working fluid and auxiliary pipes in the thermoelectric cooling application have attracted the attention of researchers in the last two decades. However, the use of thermoelectric air-conditioning system for building application has not been entirely explored due to its low coefficient of performance (COP) compared to the conventional air conditioning system. To overcome this primary limitation, different COP enhancement techniques of thermoelectric for air conditioning system building application are made available. This paper provides the recent development of thermoelectric air conditioning system in building applications, such as thermoelectric radiant panel ceiling, thermoelectric air duct system and thermoelectric cooling facades. It also provides the different strategies to enhance its performance in order to fit this technology in real building applications such as the integration of water-cooling system, phase change materials, evaporator cooling system and nanofluid micro-channel heat sinks. Lastly, the challenges of thermoelectric air-conditioning systems and future research directions are discussed.
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Imam, Muhammad A., and Ramana G. Reddy. "A Review of Boron-Rich Silicon Borides Basedon Thermodynamic Stability and Transport Properties of High-Temperature Thermoelectric Materials." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (February 25, 2019): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2018-0077.
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AbstractIn this study, the performance of a boron-rich Si-B system containing ~ 2–25 mol% Si is reviewed as a high-temperature thermoelectric material. In this review, both thermodynamic stability and transport properties are evaluated to understand the high-temperature thermoelectric performance of the Si-B system. The thermodynamic properties, such as Gibbs energy and activity coefficient, of the Si-B system were calculated and compared to the literature data. Thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity were reviewed for the Si-B system. It is found that the composition and processing techniques are critical for obtaining higher thermoelectrical properties and thus also true for the figure of merit ZT. The entropy (degree of randomness) of a system has a remarkable effect on ZT. The highest ZT obtained for this system is approximately 0.2 at 90% B (SiB6 + SiBn) containing SiBn phase, shows the lowest entropy (~32 J/mol*K) in this system at 1100 K.
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Ma, Ting, Zuoming Qu, Xingfei Yu, Xing Lu, and Qiuwang Wang. "A review on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance and heat transfer enhancement technologies of thermoelectric power generator system." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 1885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180102274m.
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The thermoelectric material is considered to a good choice to recycle the waste heat in the power and energy systems because the thermoelectric material is a solid-state energy converter which can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, especially suitable for high temperature power and energy systems due to the large temperature difference. However, the figure of merit of thermoelectric material is very low, and the thermoelectric power of generator system is even lower. This work reviews the recent progress on the thermoelectric power generator system from the view of heat transfer, including the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance, conventional heat transfer enhancement technologies, radial and flow-directional segmented enhancement technologies for the thermoelectric power generator system. Review ends with the discussion of the future research directions of numerical simulation methods and heat transfer enhancement technologies used for the thermoelectric power generator in high temperature power and energy systems.
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Sanin-Villa, Daniel. "Recent Developments in Thermoelectric Generation: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416821.
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The world’s growing energy demand poses several concerns regarding the rational and efficient use of energy resources. This is also the case for many industrial processes, where energy losses and particularly thermal losses are common. Thermoelectric generators offer an alternative to address some of these challenges by recovering wasted heat and thereby increasing the overall efficiency of these processes. However, the successful operation of the thermoelectrical modules meant to carry this process is only possible when pairing these to an external control system; such a system plays an important role in predicting and operating such modules at its maximum power point. In this review paper, recent developments in the field of thermoelectric technology are discussed along with their mathematical models, applications, materials, and auxiliary devices to harvest thermal energy. Moreover, new advancements in phenomenological models are also discussed and summarized. The compiled evidence shows that the thermal dependence properties on the thermoelectric generator material’s modules and the mismatching thermal conditions play an important role in predicting power output in those systems, which prove the importance of including those parameters to enhance the accuracy of the energy production prediction. In addition, based on the evaluation of the mathematical models, it is shown that more studies are required to fill the gap between the current state-of-the-art of the technology and adjacent modeling techniques for the design and evaluation of thermal energy harvesting systems employing thermoelectric arrays under mismatching thermal conditions.
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Putra, Nandy, H. Ardiyansya, Ridho Irwansyah, Wayan Nata Septiadi, A. Adiwinata, A. Renaldi, and K. Benediktus. "Thermoelectric Heat Pipe-Based Refrigerator: System Development and Comparison with Thermoelectric, Absorption and Vapor Compression Refrigerators." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.736.
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Thermoelectric coolers have been widely applied to provide cooling for refrigerators in addition to conventional absorption and vapor compression systems. To increase heat dissipation in the thermoelectric cooler’s modules, a heat pipe can be installed in the system. The aim of this study is to develop a thermoelectric heat pipe-based (THP) refrigerator, which consists of thermoelectric coolers that are connected by heat pipe modules to enhance heat transfer. A comparative analysis of the THP prototype and conventional refrigerator with vapor compression, absorption and thermoelectric systems is also presented. The prototype system has a faster cooling down time and a higher coefficient of performance than the absorption system but still lower than vapor compression system
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Lv, Song, Zuoqin Qian, Dengyun Hu, Xiaoyuan Li, and Wei He. "A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Thermoelectric Module." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123142.
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In recent years, thermoelectric (TE) technology has been emerging as a promising alternative and environmentally friendly technology for power generators or cooling devices due to the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. However, although TE technology has been found for a long time and applied in many professional fields, its low energy conversion efficiency and high cost also hinder its wide application. Thus, it is still urgent to improve the thermoelectric modules. This work comprehensively reviews the status of strategies and approaches for enhancing the performance of thermoelectrics, including material development, structure and geometry improvement, the optimization of a thermal management system, and the thermal structure design. In particular, the influence of contact thermal resistance and the improved optimization methods are discussed. This work covers many fields related to the enhancement of thermoelectrics. It is found that the main challenge of TE technology remains the improvement of materials’ properties, the decrease in costs and commercialization. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be carried out to overcome this challenge and further improve the performance of TE modules. Finally, the future research direction of TE technology is discussed. These discussions provide some practical guidance for the improvement of thermoelectric performance and the promotion of thermoelectric applications.
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Wang, Yin Tao, Wei Liu, Ai Wu Fan, and Peng Li. "Performance Comparison between Series-Connected and Parallel-Connected Thermoelectric Generator Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.327.
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The connections between the thermoelectric modules are crucial importance for the performance of the thermoelectric power system. Many studies have been done to improve the output of thermoelectric system, but very little specific to the connections between the modules. A mathematical model of a module has been established, and based on this model, the performance of two systems composed of 6 pieces of thermoelectric modules, one in series connection and the other in parallel connection, is simulated with MATLAB software and then compared. The results can be used as reference for the design and prediction of thermoelectric system.
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Hendricks, Terry J. "Thermal System Interactions in Optimizing Advanced Thermoelectric Energy Recovery Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 3 (October 26, 2006): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2751504.
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Energy recovery is gaining importance in various transportation and industrial process applications because of rising energy costs and geopolitical uncertainties impacting basic energy supplies. Various advanced thermoelectric (TE) materials have properties that are inherently advantageous for particular TE energy recovery applications. Skutterudites, zero- and one-dimensional quantum-well materials, and thin-film superlattice materials are providing enhanced opportunities for advanced TE energy recovery in transportation and industrial processes. This work demonstrates (1) the potential for advanced thermoelectric systems in vehicle energy recovery and (2) the inherently complex interaction between thermal system performance and thermoelectric device optimization in energy recovery. Potential power generation at specific exhaust temperature levels and for various heat exchanger performance levels is presented showing the current design sensitivities using different TE material sets. Mathematical relationships inherently linking optimum TE design variables and the thermal systems design (i.e., heat exchangers and required mass flow rates) are also investigated and characterized.
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Miner, Andrew. "The Compatibility of Thin Films and Nanostructures in Thermoelectric Cooling Systems." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 7 (September 11, 2006): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717941.
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The compatibility of low-dimensional thermoelectric materials in forms such as thin films and nanowires for use in thermoelectric coolers is examined. First-order thermoelectric theory predicts that the cold and hot junction temperatures of a thermoelectric circuit are governed solely by the nondimensional figure of merit, ZT. Performance predictions based on this traditional theory have been more broadly applied to the performance of thermoelectric cooler systems, thereby implying that these coolers may be miniaturized without loss of performance and that system performance is dictated principally by ZT. A nondimensional thermoelectric system model for a cooler is developed and typical performance metrics for thermoelectric coolers are presented along with predictions from traditional theory. Performance is examined as a function of thermoelectric element length for representative system conditions. This system study shows that cooler performance may drop significantly when miniaturized, particularly if the cooling elements are realized at the scale of many recently proposed thermoelectric thin films and nanostructured materials. The system theory illustrates that performance is governed by three nondimensional parameters: an effective thermoelectric figure of merit, ZeTa, the relative ability for heat to be drawn into the cooler, and the relative ability for heat to be rejected from the cooler to the ambient environment. As cooler performance depends both on material properties (ZeTa) as well as the relative scale of the materials with respect to system thermal conductances, the applicability of some low-dimensional forms of materials such as thermoelectric elements may require reevaluation. The realization of high performance coolers based on thermoelectric effects must rely on developing high quality materials realized at an appropriate, application-dependent scale.
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Yang, Ho Dong, Hee Sung Yoon, and Yool Kwon Oh. "A Study on Cooling Characteristics of Thermoelectric Cooling System Using Thermoelectric Materials." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1770.
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This study investigated on cooling characteristics of thermoelectric cooling system using thermoelectric materials as Bi-Te alloy. The thermoelectric module used as thermoelectric materials of thermoelectric cooling system can achieve heating and cooling by change of electricity direction. When thermoelectric module and cooling fan received 12V from DC power source, the cooling region was occurred in thermoelectric cooling system. Also, the piezoelectric actuator was applied to improve the cooling effect and investigate the heat transfer phenomenon. The temperature distribution of cooling region was measured to investigate cooling characteristics of thermoelectric cooling system. The flow phenomenon of cooling region was visualized using visualization device such as He-Ne laser, optical lens, image grabber and CCD camera. When the piezoelectric actuator was applied to the heat transfer process of thermoelectric cooling system, acoustic streaming was occurred in the cooling region. The acoustic streaming was occurred forced convection flow, and was regularly formed the temperature distribution in the cooling region. In the end, the results clearly show that the acoustic streaming is one of the prime effects to enhance the convection heat transfer and cooling effect.
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Stöcker, Thomas, and Ralf Moos. "Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Phase Stability of Copper–Iron Delafossites at Elevated Temperatures." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101888.
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Oxide-based materials are promising candidates for use in high temperature thermoelectric generators. While their thermoelectric performance is inferior to commonly used thermoelectrics, oxides are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In this study, Cu-based delafossites (CuFeO2), a material class with promising thermoelectric properties at high temperatures, were investigated. This work focuses on the phase stability of CuFeO2 with respect to the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure. For this reason, classical material characterization methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, were combined in order to elucidate the phase composition of delafossites at 900 °C at various oxygen partial pressures. The experimentally obtained results are supported by the theoretical calculation of the Ellingham diagram of the copper–oxygen system. In addition, hot-stage X-ray diffraction and long-term annealing tests of CuFeO2 were performed in order to obtain a holistic review of the phase stability of delafossites at high temperatures and varying oxygen partial pressure. The results support the thermoelectric measurements in previous publications and provide a process window for the use of CuFeO2 in thermoelectric generators.
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Chen, Xin, and Helmut Baumgart. "Advances in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Nanolaminate Synthesis of Thermoelectric Films in Porous Templates for Improved Seebeck Coefficient." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061283.
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Thermoelectrics is a green renewable energy technology which can significantly contribute to power generation due to its potential in generating electricity out of waste heat. The main challenge for the development of thermoelectrics is its low conversion efficiency. One key strategy to improve conversion efficiency is reducing the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials. In this paper, the state-of-the-art progresses made in improving thermoelectric materials are reviewed and discussed, focusing on phononic engineering via applying porous templates and ALD deposited nanolaminates structure. The effect of nanolaminates structure and porous templates on Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and hence in figure of merit zT of different types of materials system, including PnCs, lead chalcogenide-based nanostructured films on planar and porous templates, ZnO-based superlattice, and hybrid organic-inorganic superlattices, will be reviewed and discussed.
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D. Raut, Piyush, Vishal V. Shukla, and Sandeep S.Joshi. "Recent developments in photovoltaic-thermoelectric combined system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.18.12709.
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The photovoltaic system converts solar radiation into electricity. The output of the solar photovoltaic systems is strongly depending on the operating cell temperature. The power output of photovoltaic system reduces as the operating cell temperature increases. Several techniques have been reported in the literature to maintain the low operating temperature of the solar cell by utilizing module heat for separate thermal application. Integration of photovoltaic thermoelectric (PV-TE) system is one of these techniques. In these PV-TE systems, the hot junctions of thermoelectric modules are coupled with the photovoltaic. The thermoelectric module uses heat from PV system and generates additional power. This PV-TE system not only generates more power but also improves the PV efficiency. The present article reports a comprehensive review of latest developments in the PV-TE systems. A detailed classification, key outcomes of published research and the future research scope are discussed in this article.
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Montero, Francisco, Mario Di Capua, and Amador Guzmán. "Analytical and numerical analysis of a solar thermoelectric system cooled by an active system." MRS Advances 3, no. 24 (2018): 1347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.52.
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ABSTRACTA solar thermoelectric generator (STEG) system composed of an optical concentrator system (OPS), a Bismuth Telluride thermoelectric module (TEG), and a cold plate-based cooling system (CPCS) was numerically simulated, to measure the efficiency of electric generation of a commercial thermoelectric module under controlled temperatures. The OPS is composed by a Fresnel lens that allows a temperature of around 200 °C, the OPS works with a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2 (AM 1.5 Reference) and an optical concentration of 60. The OPS is coupled to the hot side of the TEG that consists of a commercially available thermoelectric module. The CPCS maintains a temperature of around 50 °C on the cold side of the TEG. To evaluate the configuration, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was carried out to evaluated the thermal performance of the CPCS and the temperature achieved on the upper surface of the cooling device. Based on the numerical results generated by the CFD analysis, an analytical TEG efficiency of around 5% was achieved when a temperature difference, between the hot and cold sides of the commercial TE module, of 150 °C was maintained. We perform an analysis using the Hogan and Shih model that uses the thermoelectric material properties exposed by Chen et al.
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Duan, Sichen, Yinong Yin, Guo-Qiang Liu, Na Man, Jianfeng Cai, Xiaojian Tan, Kai Guo, Xinxin Yang, and Jun Jiang. "Anomalous Thermopower and High ZT in GeMnTe2 Driven by Spin’s Thermodynamic Entropy." Research 2021 (March 11, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/1949070.
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NaxCoO2 was known 20 years ago as a unique example in which spin entropy dominates the thermoelectric behavior. Hitherto, however, little has been learned about how to manipulate the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics. Here, we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe2 by controlling the spin’s thermodynamic entropy. The anomalously large thermopower of GeMnTe2 is demonstrated to originate from the disordering of spin orientation under finite temperature. Based on the careful analysis of Heisenberg model, it is indicated that the spin-system entropy can be tuned by modifying the hybridization between Te-p and Mn-d orbitals. As a consequent strategy, Se doping enlarges the thermopower effectively, while neither carrier concentration nor band gap is affected. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility provides a solid evidence for the inherent relationship between the spin’s thermodynamic entropy and thermopower. By further introducing Bi doing, the maximum ZT in Ge0.94Bi0.06MnTe1.94Se0.06 reaches 1.4 at 840 K, which is 45% higher than the previous report of Bi-doped GeMnTe2. This work reveals the high thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe2 and also provides an insightful understanding of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics.
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Mamykin, Sergii, Roni Z. Shneck, Bohdan Dzundza, Feng Gao, and Zinovi Dashevsky. "A Novel Solar System of Electricity and Heat." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073036.
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Thermoelectric devices may have an essential role in the development of fuel-saving, environmentallyfriendly, and cost-effective energy sources for power generation based on the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy. A wide usage of thermoelectric energy systems already exhibits high reliability and long operation time in the space industry and gas pipe systems. The development and application of solar thermoelectric generators (TEGs) arelimited mainly by relatively low thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Forthe first time, we propose to use the direct energy conversion of solar energy by TEGs based on the high-performance multilayer thermoelectric modules with electric efficiency of ~15%. Solar energy was absorbed and converted to thermal energy, which is accumulated by a phase-change material (aluminum alloys at solidification temperature ~900 K). The heat flow from the accumulator through the thermoelectric convertor (generator) allows electrical power to be obtained and the exhaust energy to be used for household purposes (heating and hot water supply) or for the operation of a plant for thermal desalination of water.
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Hendricks, Terry J. "Thermoelectric System Economics: Where the Laws of Thermoelectrics, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Economics Intersect." MRS Advances 4, no. 08 (2019): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.679.
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ABSTRACTThermoelectric technology has key benefits and strengths in many terrestrial energy recovery applications. Thermoelectric system cost is a key factor governing final decisions on the use of thermoelectric energy recovery systems in all terrestrial applications; thus cost being just as important as power density or efficiency for the adoption of waste energy recovery (WER) thermoelectric generators (TEG). New integrated cost analysis / thermoelectric analysis approaches have now shown key relationships and interdependencies between overall TEG system costs, including TE material costs, manufacturing costs, and specifically heat exchanger costs; and the TE performance design metrics such as TE material properties, TE device design parameters, heat exchanger performance metrics such as hot-side and cold-side conductances and UA values, and hot side heat flux in achieving optimal TEG WER designs. These new approaches have led to a new thermoelectric system economics paradigm that strongly influences TEG cost and performance decisions. While prior work provided foundations for the latest cost scaling analysis / TE performance analysis, this new work offers new insights and understandings and provides the basis for new thermoelectric system economics. Optimum TEG system cost conditions can now be tied directly to the TE materials, TEG design parameters, and heat exchanger design parameters through critical non-dimensional analysis. The non-dimensional analysis and metrics show the TEG system cost and performance interdependencies and intercouplings in one unifying and cohesive relationship. Prior work by T.J. Hendricks, S.K. Yee, and S. LeBlanc, J of Electronic Mater, 45, (3), 1751-1761, 2015 has shown that the system design that minimizes cost (e.g., the G [$/W] value) can be close to designs that maximize power, but these design regimes are not necessarily aligned with high system conversion efficiency or high specific power. Key sensitivities and interrelationships between critical cost metrics and critical TE performance and design metrics in the new thermoelectric system economics paradigm are explored. Quantitative data showing these sensitivities and their implications on TEG system design in terrestrial WER applications are presented. Critical non-dimensional parameter mapping has shown where heat exchanger cost- dominated conditions, TE material or manufacturing cost-dominated conditions, and combinations of cost conditions control and drive the overall TEG cost and performance. This new cost-performance paradigm shows the required pathways and challenges to achieving TEG system costs of $1 -$3/Welec.
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Sim, Jason, Rozli Zulkifli, and Shahrir Abdullah. "Conceptual Thermosyphonic Loop Cooled Thermoelectric Power Cogeneration System for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.294.
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Thermoelectric cogeneration may be applied to the exhaust of an automobile to generate additional electric power, by applying a temperature differential across the thermoelectric power generation modules. To obtain maximum net power, the highest allowable temperature difference should be obtained. Therefore, a cooling system should be employed to ensure that the cold side of the thermoelectric modules remain as cold as possible. An evaporative cooling system patented by Einstein and Szilard is used as a base for a non-parasitic cooling system to be used together with thermoelectric modules. The cooling system utilizes the same heat which powers the thermoelectric modules as a power source. By utilizing the high solubility of ammonia in water, the solubility dependency with temperature, and usage of polar and non-polar solvents to direct the flow of ammonia as a coolant, it is possible to create a cooling system which performs better than passive heat sinks, but negates the power requirements of active cooling systems.
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Nasr Esfahani, Ehsan, Feiyue Ma, Shanyu Wang, Yun Ou, Jihui Yang, and Jiangyu Li. "Quantitative nanoscale mapping of three-phase thermal conductivities in filled skutterudites via scanning thermal microscopy." National Science Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx074.
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Abstract In the last two decades, a nanostructuring paradigm has been successfully applied in a wide range of thermoelectric materials, resulting in significant reduction in thermal conductivity and superior thermoelectric performance. These advances, however, have been accomplished without directly investigating the local thermoelectric properties, even though local electric current can be mapped with high spatial resolution. In fact, there still lacks an effective method that links the macroscopic thermoelectric performance to the local microstructures and properties. Here, we show that local thermal conductivity can be mapped quantitatively with good accuracy, nanometer resolution and one-to-one correspondence to the microstructure using a three-phase skutterudite as a model system. Scanning thermal microscopy combined with finite element simulations demonstrate close correlation between sample conductivity and probe resistance, enabling us to distinguish thermal conductivities spanning orders of magnitude, yet resolving thermal variation across a phase interface with small contrast. The technique thus provides a powerful tool to correlate local thermal conductivities, microstructures and macroscopic properties for nanostructured materials in general and nanostructured thermoelectrics in particular.
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Ismanov, Yu, N. Niyazov, and N. Dzhamankyzov. "Hybrid System Converting Solar Energy Into Electric Energy." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/01.
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The article discusses a mathematical model of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric methods for converting concentrated solar energy into electrical energy. The specified mathematical model makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the photovoltaic module, as well as the temperature of the electrodes of the thermoelectric generator module. Optimal operating conditions have been determined for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance at the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator. The simulation proceeded from the fact that only part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity due to the photoelectric effect, some part is lost due to radiation and convection from the upper surface of the photovoltaic module into the environment, and the rest is transferred to a thermoelectric generator connected to the lower part. photovoltaic module. A thermoelectric generator converts some of the thermal energy it receives from the photovoltaic module into electricity through the Seebeck effect, but most of it goes to the cooling system. The conversion of heat into electrical energy was based on the well-known Seebeck and Peltier effects. Along with these effects, such effects were taken into account as the formation of Joule heat due to the presence of electric current in the thermoelectric generator, Fourier thermal conductivity, as a consequence of the appearance of a temperature gradient in the transitions of a thermoelectric generator and Thomson heat, which arises both due to the presence of a temperature gradient, and electric current. The resulting model of the hybrid system makes it possible to study the effect of changing the temperature difference between the hot and cold electrodes of the thermoelectric generator and the resistance of the external circuit on the performance of the hybrid system. The model also allows the determination of the optimal operating conditions for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance on the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator.
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Wang, Jun, Cong Huang, and Peng Yuan Jiang. "Research on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion System for Controller in Magnetic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.390.
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In order to prevent damage caused by instantaneous power failure to high-speed equipment, the thermoelectric energy conversion system for controller of magnetic bearing is studied. The heat source is used by the power loss of supply modules and the cold source is used by heat conduction aluminum block. The semiconductor thermoelectric generator produces direct-current working voltage between heat source and cold source. The overall design method of the energy conversion system is presented. The theory and design of circuits to thermoelectric energy generator, voltage regulator and charging for lithium polymer battery are analyzed. The experiment results show that this thermoelectric energy generator system is feasible and effective. The circuit can be adapted to change in output power due to temperature difference at both ends of the thermoelectric module. It achieves energy storage of the recovery from thermoelectric generator.
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Chernova, A. A., and A. I. Chernov. "Design of thermoelectric cooling devices." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-150-151.
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The advantages and applications of thermoelectric cooling in marine systems are considered. The program for calculating thermoelectric modules and designing the basic units of the cooling system is described.
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Wang, Ruiping, Hisashi Sekine, and Hua Jin. "Thermoelectric power of the system." Superconductor Science and Technology 9, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/9/7/004.
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Gaojie, Xu, Mao Zhiqiang, Yan Hongjie, and Zhang Yuheng. "Thermoelectric power of the system." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 10, no. 39 (October 5, 1998): 8843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/39/019.
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LIU, Hongquan, Xinbing ZHAO, Tiejun ZHU, and Yijie GU. "Thermoelectric properties of YbxCo4Sb12 system." Journal of Rare Earths 30, no. 5 (May 2012): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(12)60072-6.
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Quan, Rui, Xin Feng Tang, Shu Hai Quan, and Liang Huang. "A Thermoelectric Modules Voltage Monitoring System Used in Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.217.
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According to the requirement of independent voltage monitoring of thermoelectric modules used in Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator(AETEG) designed by our group, a kind of voltage monitoring system based on master-slave architecture that includes several slave detecting boards and a master detecting board was designed in this paper, the hardware schematic and software flow diagram were provided, the amplifier circuit that could detect negative voltage of thermoelectric modules was designed, and the PC based monitoring interface using VC++ language was developed as well. The practical application results validate that the system designed is sophisticated and steady, it meets the real time voltage monitoring demand of thermoelectric modules and provides convenience for their optimization of electric topology structure in future.
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Sasaki, Tomoyuki, Yoshiomi Kondoh, Osamu Hanaizumi, and Makoto Goto. "A Novel Thermoelectric System with Conductive Metal Rods and its Effective Seebeck Coefficients." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.235.
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A novel linked thermoelectric system (LTES), fabricated by a simple structural modification of a conventional thermoelectric system (CTES) with the use of conductive metal rods, is characterized experimentally. The LTES generates higher power to the external load in comparison with the CTES, and the power increases with increasing length of the metal rods when the low temperature side of the system is set in the air at room temperature. In addition, measurements of Seebeck voltages of both the systems indicate that the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric materials in the LTES is about 1.2 times higher than that in the CTES.
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Zhou, Weiqi, Jiasheng Yang, Qing Qin, Jiahao Zhu, Shiyu Xu, Ding Luo, and Ruochen Wang. "Research on Module Layout and Module Coverage of an Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Power Generation System." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030987.
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Due to the low efficiency of thermoelectric generators (TEGs), many scholars have focused on the structural optimization of TEGs rather than on the optimization of the layout of thermoelectric modules. We aimed to investigate the effect of module layout on the output power of an automotive exhaust thermoelectric power generation system. The module spacing and module coverage ratio were compared under different working conditions based on a numerical simulation. The results show that, under high-temperature conditions, when the module spacing expands from 5 mm to 35 mm, the output power growth rate of modules of different sizes ranges between 8% and 9%. Moreover, under low-temperature conditions, a high coverage ratio of modules will not increase the total output power but, instead, make it decline. In fact, choosing a larger-size module can improve the temperature uniformity, thereby increasing the output power of the automotive thermoelectric power generation system. Hence, the present study has verified that, under different working conditions, different module layouts and module coverage ratios have an impact on the output power of the thermoelectric power generation system, which sheds new light on the improvement of automotive thermoelectric power generation systems.
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Banik, Ananya, and Kanishka Biswas. "Lead-free thermoelectrics: promising thermoelectric performance in p-type SnTe1−xSex system." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, no. 25 (2014): 9620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01333f.
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Admasu, Bimrew Tamrat, Xiao Bing Luo, Jia Wei Yao, and Ting Zhen Ming. "Effects of Non-Uniform Hot Junction Temperature Distribution on the Outputs of Thermoelectric Power Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.87.
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Abstract. Besides the material property and dimensional optimization of the thermoelectric module, temperature distribution uniformity on the hot junction of the module surface highly affects the outputs of the thermoelectric power generation system. This paper reports the findings on the effects of non-uniform input temperature distribution on the performance of thermoelectric power generation system. To assure the investigation, heat transfer model and finite element formulation of thermoelectric module having non-linear material property have been developed. In addition to the experimental data from a real thermoelectric device, thermoelectric power generation system modeling and simulation using finite element packaging ANSYS software was carried out. For the simulation, temperature dependent thermoelectric material properties such as the Seebeck coefficient, thermal and electrical conductivity have been considered. The experimental and simulation results indicate that keeping the temperature distribution uniform on the hot junction of the thermoelectric module results higher efficiency, higher power, voltage and current outputs than the non-uniform temperature distribution.
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Evdulov, O. V., and A. M. Khaibulaev. "Experimental studies of the electronic board cooling system." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, no. 1 (May 19, 2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-1-6-13.
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Objective. The purpose of the study is to illuminate the obtained experimental research data, measurement technique, as well as the design of a la-laboratory bench for full-scale tests of thermoelectric system (TES) for uneven cooling of electronic boards.Method. The article describes the experimental set-up and measurement procedure of laboratory thermoelectric system for electronic circuit boards cooling. The experimental stand is made on the basis of the measuring equipment of the laboratory of semiconductor thermoelectric devices and devices of Daghestan State Technical University.Result. We obtained plots of time dependences of temperature changes in thermoelectric system checkpoints at different thermoelectric battery (TEB) supply currents. Determined were the temperature dependences of the thermoelectric elements of the electronic board simulator at their non-uniform cooling on the parameters of FEB and working substance as well as the time variation of the temperature of the shell of the vessel with the working agent.Conclusion. As a result of full-scale tests of the device it was found that the use of a cooling system reduces the temperature of heat-generating elements to acceptable values. In particular, the temperature of heat sources decreases to 345 K and 344 K (from 428 K and 396 K) if the total heat-generating power of the electronic board is 120 W. At the same time, the temperature background created by the heat-generating elements in the nearby areas of the electronic board simulator also decreases. The discrepancy between the results of calculations carried out beforehand and the experiment was estimated to be 8%.
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Evdulov, O. V., and A. M. Nasrulaev. "Temperature field of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects when introducing into the human body." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 47, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2020-47-4-27-36.
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Objective. The objective of the article is to create a design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing when introduced into the cavity, as well as to study the internal thermophysical processes.Methods. A design model of a thermoelectric system for extracting foreign objects from the human body by freezing the thermoelectric system introduced into the cavity is developed, based on solving the problem of thermal conductivity, taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of a biological object, foreign object, and a thermoelectric module.Results. As a result of the numerical experiment, the authors obtained graphs of temperature changes at various points of the thermoelectric system when introduced into the human body to extract a foreign object, depending on the power of the thermoelectric system, the parameters of the module materials, and external conditions. It is determined that the device can use a standard thermoelectric module with a cooling capacity from 4500 W/m2 to 7000 W/m2 with a duration of 6-7 minutes for entering the system mode.Conclusion. It is established that the selection of thermoelectric module parameters must be guided by the limitations of the device operation, as well as medical norms and standards to avoid the process of cold injury of adjacent tissues, which is fully provided in the proposed design. A method for improving the efficiency of the system is proposed, according to which the thermoelectric system is pre-cooled using an external cold source, and forced modes of thermoelectric module operation are used.
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Chung, Jae Hoon, and Sehoon Jeong. "Experimental Performance Analysis of a Small Thermoelectric System Applicable to Real-Time PCR Devices." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12121963.
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At the International Space Station (ISS), not only observation of the space environment, but also biological and medical research under weightlessness has been conducted. The efficient use of energy from waste heat from the ISS away from the Earth is very important to the efficient operation of the ISS. To develop a thermoelectric module that can be used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machinery used in biological and medical research, we simulated and evaluated the thermoelectric waste heat recovery system. Specifically, the thermoelectric module was attached to a stainless steel duct, and a hot air blower was faced with the duct inlet. The power of the thermoelectric system was measured by controlling the temperature of the hot air inlet. Additionally, the thermoelectric performance was evaluated according to the heat sink attached to the cold side of the thermoelectric module. Here, we also found the optimal heat exchange factors to improve the power and efficiency of the thermoelectric module. In this regard, it is expected that the thermoelectric module development and analysis study using waste heat will play an important role in the biological and medical research that is being conducted at ISS by developing a real-time PCR utilizing it.
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Shandhosh Shree, K. K., R. Jaysrani, S. Keerthika, S. Swetha, and M. Vijayalakshmi. "A Thermoelectric Refrigerator Using Arduino." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 06, no. 02 (2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2023.6210.
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Refrigerator and air conditioners are the most energy consuming home appliances and for this reason many researchers had performed work to enhance performance of the refrigeration systems. Most of the research work done so far deals with an objective of low energy consumption and refrigeration effect enhancement. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques used for producing refrigeration effect. Thermoelectric devices are developed based on Peltier and Seeback effect which has experienced a major advances and developments in recent years. The coefficient of performance of the thermoelectric refrigeration is less when it is used alone, hence thermoelectric refrigeration is often used with other methods of refrigeration. This paper presents a review of some work been done on the thermoelectric refrigeration over the years. Some of the research and development work carried out by different researchers on TER system has been thoroughly reviewed in this paper. The study envelopes the various applications of TER system and development of devices. This paper summarizes the advancement in thermoelectric refrigeration, thermoelectric materials, design methodologies, application in domestic appliances and performance enhancement techniques based on the literature.
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Sirikasemsuk, Sarawut, Songkran Wiriyasart, Ruktai Prurapark, Nittaya Naphon, and Paisarn Naphon. "Water/Nanofluid Pulsating Flow in Thermoelectric Module for Cooling Electric Vehicle Battery Systems." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390525.
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We investigated the results of the cooling performance of the pulsating water/nanofluids flowing in the thermoelectric cooling module for cooling electric vehicle battery systems. The experimental system was designed and constructed to consider the effects of the water block configuration, hot and cold side flow rates, supplied power input, and coolant types on the cooling performance of the thermoelectric module. The measured results from the present study with the Peltier module are verified against those without the thermoelectric module. Before entering the electric vehicle battering system with a Peltier module, the inlet coolant temperatures were 2.5-3.5℃ lower than those without the thermoelectric system. On the hot side, the maximum COP of the thermoelectric cooling module was 1.10 and 1.30 for water and nanofluids as coolant, respectively. The results obtained from the present approach can be used to optimize the battery cooling technique to operate in an appropriate temperature range for getting higher energy storage, durability, lifecycles, and efficiency.
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Temizer, Ilker, Tahsin Yuksel, Ibrahim Can, and Dogan Alnak. "Analysis of an automotive thermoelectric generator on a gasoline engine." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180105096t.
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This study determined the heat, flow, and electrical power values of and automotive thermoelectric generation system integrated in the exhaust system of an internal combustion gasoline engine. The combustion analyses of the engine integrated with and without automotive thermoelectric generation were carried out. The 20 thermoelectric modules were placed on the rectangular structure which was made of the aluminum 6061 material. The thermoelectric modules were electrically connected to each other in series. The gasoline engine was operated at full load at 1250, 1750, and 2250 rpm, and the electrical energy generated by the automotive thermoelectric generation system was calculated. At the same time, the heat and flow analyses of the automotive thermoelectric generation system were performed using the ANSYS FLUENT commercial software.
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Seo, Sae Rom, and Seungwoo Han. "Characteristic Evaluation on Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Modules." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11150.
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The aim of this work is to develop a performance evaluation system for thermoelectric cooling modules. We describe the design of such a system, composed of a vacuum chamber with a heat sink along with a metal block to measure the absorbed heat Qc. The system has a simpler structure than existing water-cooled or air-cooled systems. The temperature difference between the cold and hot sides of the thermoelectric module ΔT can be accurately measured without any effects due to convection, and the temperature equilibrium time is minimized compared to a water-cooled system. The evaluation system described here can be used to measure characteristic curves of Qc as a function of ΔT, as well as the current–voltage relations. High-performance thermoelectric systems can therefore be developed using optimal modules evaluated with this system.
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Abdullah, Nzar Rauf, Chi-Shung Tang, Andrei Manolescu, and Vidar Gudmundsson. "Thermoelectric Inversion in a Resonant Quantum Dot-Cavity System in the Steady-State Regime." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050741.
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We theoretically investigate thermoelectric effects in a quantum dot system under the influence of a linearly polarized photon field confined to a 3D cavity. A temperature gradient is applied to the system via two electron reservoirs that are connected to each end of the quantum dot system. The thermoelectric current in the steady state is explored using a quantum master equation. In the presence of the quantized photons, extra channels, the photon replica states, are formed generating a photon-induced thermoelectric current. We observe that the photon replica states contribute to the transport irrespective of the direction of the thermal gradient. In the off-resonance regime, when the energy difference between the lowest states of the quantum dot system is smaller than the photon energy, the thermoelectric current is almost blocked and a plateau is seen in the thermoelectric current for strong electron–photon coupling strength. In the resonant regime, an inversion of thermoelectric current emerges due to the Rabi-splitting. Therefore, the photon field can change both the magnitude and the sign of the thermoelectric current induced by the temperature gradient in the absence of a voltage bias between the leads.
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Poojeera, Sahassawas, Aphichat Srichat, Nittaya Naphon, and Paisarn Naphon. "Study on Thermal Performance of the Small-Scale Air Conditioning with Thermoelectric Cooling Module." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090434.
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This work presents the COP and EER of the combined air conditioning and thermoelectric cooling systems. The small-scale air conditioning (8000 BTU/hr) with thermoelectric cooling systems is set up in the closed room (2.0*2.0*2.0 m), and free energy from the photovoltaic cell is used for the thermoelectric cooling module. The COP and EER with the thermoelectric cooling module are higher than those without the thermoelectric cooling module. It is observed that the COP and EER increase as the axial fan speeds increase. In addition, there is good agreement from the comparison, giving an average error of 3.77%. The highest COP and EER for the system with the thermoelectric cooling module are 1.71 and 5.85 for an airflow rate of 4.7 m3/s, respectively. The results can be used as guidelines for developing the thermal performance of air conditioning by combining it with the thermoelectric cooling module.
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Utomo, Bagus Radiant, Amin Sulistyanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, and Agung Tri Wijayanta. "Enhanced Performance of Combined Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator and Heat Sink Panels with a Dual-Axis Tracking System." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062658.
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The photovoltaic panel has become the most promising alternative technology for energy demand. Solar trackers have been used to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel to maximize the sun’s exposure. In high temperatures, however, the photovoltaic efficiency is significantly reduced. This study observes photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator performance driven by a dual-axis solar tracking system. A photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator panel was built and equipped with angle and radiation sensors. A microcontroller processes the sensor signal and drives the motor to follow the sun’s movement in two-axis directions. Thermocouples are mounted on the photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator surfaces to monitor the temperature. The result shows that the temperature of the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is lower than that of the photovoltaic one. However, a contradiction occurred in the output power. The efficiency of the combined photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator was 13.99%, which is higher than the photovoltaic panel at 10.64% and the thermoelectric generator at 0.2%. The lower temperature in the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is responsible for increasing its performance. Although the thermoelectric generator contributes modest efficiency, its role in reducing the temperature is essential. Analyses of some cooling techniques for photovoltaic panels prove that the combined thermoelectric generator and heat sink improves photovoltaic performance with simplified technology.
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Yu, Jia, Qingshan Zhu, Li Kong, Haoqing Wang, and Hongji Zhu. "Modeling of an Integrated Thermoelectric Generation–Cooling System for Thermoelectric Cooler Waste Heat Recovery." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184691.
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This paper focuses on the problem of thermoelectric cooler waste heat recovery and utilization, and proposes taking the waste heat together with the original heat source as the input heat source of the integrated thermoelectric generation–cooling system. By establishing an analytic model of this integrated thermoelectric generation–cooling system, the steady-state and transient thermal effects of this system are analyzed. The steady-state analysis results show that the thermoelectric generator’s actual heat source is about 20% larger than the intrinsic heat source. The transient analysis results prove that the current of thermoelectric power generation and the cold end temperature of the system show a nonlinear change rate with time. The cold end temperature of the system has a maximum value. Under different intrinsic heat sources, this maximum value can be reached between 1 s and 2.5 s.
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Taywade, Priti, and Prof Narendra Wadaskar. "Experimental Work on Solar Powered Portable Refrigeration System for Rural Areas." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44207.
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Abstract: The increase in demand for refrigeration globally in the field of air-conditioning, food preservation, medical services, vaccine storages, and for electronic components temperature control led to the production of more electricity and consequently an increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere which in turn leads to global warming and many climatic changes. Thermoelectric refrigeration is a new alternative because it can reduce the use of electricity to produce cooling effect and also meet today’s energy challenges. Therefore, the need for thermoelectric refrigeration in developing countries is very high where long life and low maintenance are needed. The objectives of this study is to develop a working thermoelectric refrigerator to cool a volume 5L cabin that utilizes the Peltier effect to cool and maintain a selected temperature range of 5 0C to 25 0C. The cooling chamber design integrates thermoelectric modules (TEMs), which operate on the Peltier effect to cool juicer down to nearly 18’C. Solar panel added advantage to provide the energy. The design and fabrication of solar powered thermoelectric refrigerator for required applications are presented.
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S.Kaliappan, S. Kaliappan, and N. Sarveswaran N. Sarveswaran. "Design of Microcontroller Based Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Module for Battery Storage System." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2013/88.
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Munawir, Munawir, Mega Nur Sasongko, and Nurkholis Hamidi. "UNJUK KERJA COOL BOX BERBASIS THERMOELEKTRIK COOLER DENGAN SINGLE DAN MULTI-STAGE TERMOELEKTRIK." ROTOR 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v12i2.15867.
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Thermoelectric technology works by converting thermal energy into electricity directly or preferably. Thermoelectric technology works by converting thermal energy into electricity directly or preferably. Theuse of thermoelectric as a cooler in cool box systems has been extensively studied. The thermoelectric cool ability can be achieved depending on the design of a good system. Therefore, this study aims to determine the performance of thermoelectric cooler cool box based on single and multi stage. Tests carried out using cool boxes of dimensions of 31 cm x 19 cm x 24 cm witha thickness of 3 cm and with the TEC1 12706 module. The voltage used in each configuration is 12 Volts. Temperature data readings on laptops using DAQNavi_SDK data logger connected to type K thermocouples. The result showed the multi stage configuration reached a room temperature of around 19.3 oC and 21.8 oC for single stage. Meanwhile, the multi stage configuration COP value is 1.36 and with a single stage configuration is0.88. It can be concluded that the thermoelectric configuration has an influence on the performance of the cool box system.
Keywords: Cool box, Thermoelectric module, Multi stage, single stage, COP
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Vashchishak, I. R., and O. Lavryk. "MODERNIZATION OF THE HEATING SYSTEM BY APPLYING A TURBO FIREPLACE AND INTEGRATOR." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 4(69) (October 30, 2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2018-4(69)-57-69.
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The importance of the work is based on the necessity of developing energy-efficient heating systems in the conditions of rapid increase of energy prices. Heating systems for buildings and fuels for them are analyzed. It is established that a combined heating system with several sources of thermal energy, one of which is turbo fireplace is the most energy-efficient. The processes in fireplaces with a water loop are considered. The design of turbo fireplace is improved by applying a thermoelectric battery. The elements of the thermoelectric battery are selected and its power is determined. The power of the integrated heating system of the building is calculated. The block scheme of the integrated heating system is considered. The heating system integrator is selected. The algorithm of microcontroller operation with advanced turbo fireplace with a thermoelectric battery is developed and a microcontroller operation is chosen. The algorithm of the integrated heating system developed an algorithm for the operation of its microcontroller.
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Wang, Neng Huan, Zheng Zhang, and Yu Shan Chen. "Research on the Simulative System of Engine-Thermoelectric Source." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2103.
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A car engine-thermoelectric source system is constructed. The simulation procedure of the system shows in the following. With the using of AVL-BOOST software, the Operating condition of this system is simulated according to the structure of the engine and the temperature, velocity, pressure of the exhaust are obtained, which are used as the initial conditions of the thermal power. The geometry and mathematical model of thermoelectric generator is established and numerical calculation is done with the Star-CD software. This paper focuses on a type of four-stroke gasoline engine-intramural thermoelectric system and gives a calculation instance of the generator’s components.
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Bennett, Nick S., Amer Hawchar, and Aidan Cowley. "Thermal Control of CubeSat Electronics Using Thermoelectrics." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 6480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116480.
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A feasibility study is presented exploring the possibility of using thermoelectric devices for the thermal control of CubeSat on-board electronics. A simple thermoelectric architecture is devised and an empirical model for how such a system would perform is constructed, using the performance data of a commercially available thermoelectric module. This is used to calculate the temperature to which the system could cool a computer chip, as a function of thermal resistance and heat rejection. As a baseline scenario, the temperature of the system without the thermoelectric device is compared and the benefit, or otherwise, of using a thermoelectric module is calculated. Analysis shows that in some circumstances introducing a thermoelectric device would actually increase the temperature of the electronics being cooled. This is most common when the quantity of heat being removed, or the thermal resistance of the system, is high. Nevertheless, thermoelectric cooling is beneficial for a range of conditions, such as for cooling the computer chip below ambient temperature, however a good quality radiator is required. This constraint could undermine the thermoelectric device’s potential benefit in many cases, due to the need for an unrealistically large radiator.