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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoelectric Power'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 May 2022

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1

Saqr, Khalid, and Mohd Musa. "Critical review of thermoelectrics in modern power generation applications." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903165s.

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The thermoelectric complementary effects have been discovered in the nineteenth century. However, their role in engineering applications has been very limited until the first half of the twentieth century, the beginning of space exploration era. Radioisotope thermoelectric generators have been the actual motive for the research community to develop efficient, reliable and advanced thermoelectrics. The efficiency of thermoelectric materials has been doubled several times during the past three decades. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges to be resolved in order to develop thermoelectric systems for our modern applications. This paper discusses the recent advances in thermoelectric power systems and sheds the light on the main problematic concerns which confront contemporary research efforts in that field.

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2

Dimitrov, Vladimir, and Simon Woodward. "Capturing Waste Heat Energy with Charge-Transfer Organic Thermoelectrics." Synthesis 50, no. 19 (July 12, 2018): 3833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610208.

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Electrically conducting organic salts, known for over 60 years, have recently demonstrated new abilities to convert waste heat directly into electrical power via the thermoelectric effect. Multiple opportunities are emerging for new structure–property relationships and for new materials to be obtained through synthetic organic chemistry. This review highlights key aspects of this field, which is complementary to current efforts based on polymeric, nanostructured or inorganic thermoelectric materials and indicates opportunities whereby mainstream organic chemists can contribute.1 What Are Thermoelectrics? And Why Use Them?2 Current Organic and Hybrid Thermoelectrics3 Unique Materials from Tetrathiotetracenes4 Synthesis of Tetrathiotetracenes5 Materials and Device Applications6 Future Perspectives

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3

Liang, Jiasheng, Tuo Wang, Pengfei Qiu, Shiqi Yang, Chen Ming, Hongyi Chen, Qingfeng Song, et al. "Flexible thermoelectrics: from silver chalcogenides to full-inorganic devices." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 10 (2019): 2983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01777a.

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Flexible thermoelectrics is a synergy of flexible electronics and thermoelectric energy conversion. In this work, we fabricated flexible full-inorganic thermoelectric power generation modules based on doped silver chalcogenides.

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4

Yazawa, Kazuaki, and Ali Shakouri. "Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2021): 7791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227791.

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We analyzed the potential of thermoelectrics for electricity generation in a combined heat and power (CHP) waste heat recovery system. The state-of-the-art organic Rankine cycle CHP system provides hot water and space heating while electricity is also generated with an efficiency of up to 12% at the MW scale. Thermoelectrics, in contrast, will serve smaller and distributed systems. Considering the limited heat flux from the waste heat source, we investigated a counterflow heat exchanger with an integrated thermoelectric module for maximum power, high efficiency, or low cost. Irreversible thermal resistances connected to the thermoelectric legs determine the energy conversion performance. The exit temperatures of fluids through the heat exchanger are important for the system efficiency to match the applications. Based on the analytic model for the thermoelectric integrated subsystem, the design for maximum power output with a given heat flux requires thermoelectric legs 40–70% longer than the case of fixed temperature reservoir boundary conditions. With existing thermoelectric materials, 300–400 W/m2 electrical energy can be generated at a material cost of $3–4 per watt. The prospects of improvements in thermoelectric materials were also studied. While the combined system efficiency is nearly 100%, the balance between the hot and cold flow rates needs to be adjusted for the heat recovery applications.

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5

Simons, R. E., M. J. Ellsworth, and R. C. Chu. "An Assessment of Module Cooling Enhancement With Thermoelectric Coolers." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1852496.

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The trend towards increasing heat flux at the chip and module level in computers is continuing. This trend coupled with the desire to increase performance by reducing chip operating temperatures presents a further challenge to thermal engineers. This paper will provide an assessment of the potential for module cooling enhancement with thermoelectric coolers. A brief background discussion of thermoelectric cooling is provided citing some of the early history of thermoelectrics as well as more recent developments from the literature. An example analyzing cooling enhancement of a multichip module package with a thermoelectric cooler is discussed. The analysis utilizes closed form equations incorporating both thermoelectric cooler parameters and package level thermal resistances to relate allowable module power to chip temperature. Comparisons are made of allowable module power with and without thermoelectric coolers based upon either air or water module level cooling. These results show that conventional thermoelectric coolers are inadequate to meet the requirements. Consideration is then given to improvements in allowable module power that might be obtained through increases in the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT or miniaturization of the thermoelectric elements.

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6

Li, Na, Xingfei Yu, Jinhai Xu, Qiuwang Wang, and Ting Ma. "Numerical study on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance of thermoelectric recuperator with wavy thermoelectric fins." High Temperatures-High Pressures 49, no. 5-6 (2020): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v49.961.

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A thermoelectric-hydraulic numerical model is built for thermoelectric recuperators with wavy and straight fins under large longitudinal temperature difference, and their performance is analyzed. It is found that the comprehensive performance of the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator is better than that of straight-fin thermoelectric recuperator. The maximum output powers of the two thermoelectric recuperators are 0.251 mW and 0.236 mW at inlet velocity of 1.7 m � s-1. When the ratio of wave height to wave length is 0.1, the maximum output power is 0.251 mW and output power per unit volume is 414.8 W � m-3. Taguchi method is used to optimize the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator. It is found that reducing channel width and plate thickness is beneficial to increase the output power and output power per unit volume for the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator. Increasing fin height and fin thickness is beneficial to the output power, but disadvantage to the output power per unit volume.

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7

Duran, Solco Samantha Faye, Danwei Zhang, Wei Yang Samuel Lim, Jing Cao, Hongfei Liu, Qiang Zhu, Chee Kiang Ivan Tan, Jianwei Xu, Xian Jun Loh, and Ady Suwardi. "Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation." Crystals 12, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030307.

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Thermoelectrics can convert waste heat to electricity and vice versa. The energy conversion efficiency depends on materials figure of merit, zT, and Carnot efficiency. Due to the higher Carnot efficiency at a higher temperature gradient, high-temperature thermoelectrics are attractive for waste heat recycling. Among high-temperature thermoelectrics, silicon-based compounds are attractive due to the confluence of light weight, high abundance, and low cost. Adding to their attractiveness is the generally defect-tolerant nature of thermoelectrics. This makes them a suitable target application for recycled silicon waste from electronic (e-waste) and solar cell waste. In this review, we summarize the usage of high-temperature thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in applications such as commercial aviation and space voyages. Special emphasis is placed on silicon-based compounds, which include some recent works on recycled silicon and their thermoelectric properties. Besides materials design, device designing considerations to further maximize the energy conversion efficiencies are also discussed. The insights derived from this review can be used to guide sustainable recycling of e-waste into thermoelectrics for power harvesting.

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8

Bergman, David J., and Leonid G. Fel. "Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor in composite thermoelectrics." Journal of Applied Physics 85, no. 12 (June 15, 1999): 8205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370660.

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9

Zhou, Ze Guang, Dong Sheng Zhu, Yin Sheng Huang, and Chan Wang. "Heat Sink Matching for Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6122.

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Heat sink does affect on the performance of thermoelectirc generator according to the studies of many authors. In this paper, an analytical model inculding the number of thermocouples and the thermal resistance of heat sink is derived. The match between the thermoelectric module and heat sink is discussed by numerical calculation also. The results show that the thermal resistance of thermoelectric module should be designed to match that of heat sink in order to get the highest output power for a given heat sink. But for a given thermoelectric module, the output power increases with the decrease of heat sink thermal resistance, and there is a suitable heat sink due to the limit of the temperature difference between the heat source and coolant.

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10

Esposito, F. Paul, B. Goodman, and M. Ma. "Thermoelectric power fluctuations." Physical Review B 36, no. 8 (September 15, 1987): 4507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.36.4507.

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11

Amara, A., Y. Frongillo, M. J. Aubin, S. Jandl, J. M. Lopez-Castillo, and J. P. Jay-Gerin. "Thermoelectric power ofTiS2." Physical Review B 36, no. 12 (October 15, 1987): 6415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.36.6415.

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12

Manap, Muhammad Abdul, and Al Fikri. "Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Alternatif Menggunakan Termoelektrik dengan Memanfaatkan pada Tungku Pemanas." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i2.41.

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his study aims to design an alternative power generator using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) by utilizing a heating furnace, using two thermoelectric generators (TEG) connected in series. Thermoelectrics that take advantage of temperature differences can produce voltages that correspond to the seebeck effect. The alternative power generator that has been designed consist of a thermoelectric, boost converter, and a 5 Watt DC lamp load. The test was carried out using a Boost Converter and using a 5 Watt DC lamp load for 20 minutes. The results of the research using the Boost Converter produce a voltage of 42.8 V with a temperature difference of 90°C, while using a 5 Watt DC lamp load produces a voltage of 8.81 V with a temperature difference of 82°C and the resulting current is 0.6 A, the resulting power 4.84W.

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13

Шабалдин, А. А., П. П. Константинов, Д. А. Курдюков, Л. Н. Лукьянова, А. Ю. Самунин, Е. Ю. Стовпяга, and А. Т. Бурков. "Термоэлектрические свойства нанокомпозитного Bi-=SUB=-0.45-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-1.55-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-2.985-=/SUB=- с микрочастицами SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-." Физика и техника полупроводников 53, no. 6 (2019): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.06.47721.30.

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AbstractNanocomposite thermoelectrics based on Bi_0.45Sb_1.55Te_2.985 solid solution of p -type conductivity are fabricated by the hot pressing of nanopowders of this solid solution with the addition of SiO_2 microparticles. Investigations of the thermoelectric properties show that the thermoelectric power of the nanocomposites increases in a wide temperature range of 80–420 K, while the thermal conductivity considerably decreases at 80–320 K, which, despite a decrease in the electrical conductivity, leads to an increase in the thermoelectric efficiency in the nanostructured material without the SiO_2 addition by almost 50% (at 300 K). When adding SiO_2, the efficiency decreases. The initial thermoelectric fabricated without nanostructuring, in which the maximal thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1 at 390 K, is most efficient at temperatures above 350 K.

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14

Tharun Kumar G, Vincent Vidyasagar J, Ramesh M, and Akhila C R. "Functional implantable devices designed using bio-potential thermoelectric generator." International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v9i4.1351.

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Thermo Electric Generator is a device which Converts warmth immediately into electric electricity the usage of a phenomenon known as the "Seebeck effect”. Unlike traditional dynamic warmness engines, thermoelectric generators contain no shifting components and are absolutely silent. But for small packages, thermoelectrics can end up competitive due to the fact they are compact, easy (inexpensive) and scalable. Thermoelectric systems may be without problems designed to perform with small heat resources and small temperature difference. The main aim of this project is to use BIO-POTENTIAL as a driving source of power for the implant devices such as Pacemakers. Pacemakers usually use batteries as their power source, and when the battery's period is over, the patient has to undergo surgery to replace the batteries. By using TEG, rapidly undergoing surgery of those pacemakers’s patient can be avoided. The main objective of our project is to power implantable devices using Thermoelectric Generator and avoid further surgeries for the patient.

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15

Feldhoff, Armin. "Power Conversion and Its Efficiency in Thermoelectric Materials." Entropy 22, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080803.

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The basic principles of thermoelectrics rely on the coupling of entropy and electric charge. However, the long-standing dispute of energetics versus entropy has long paralysed the field. Herein, it is shown that treating entropy and electric charge in a symmetric manner enables a simple transport equation to be obtained and the power conversion and its efficiency to be deduced for a single thermoelectric material apart from a device. The material’s performance in both generator mode (thermo-electric) and entropy pump mode (electro-thermal) are discussed on a single voltage-electrical current curve, which is presented in a generalized manner by relating it to the electrically open-circuit voltage and the electrically closed-circuited electrical current. The electrical and thermal power in entropy pump mode are related to the maximum electrical power in generator mode, which depends on the material’s power factor. Particular working points on the material’s voltage-electrical current curve are deduced, namely, the electrical open circuit, electrical short circuit, maximum electrical power, maximum power conversion efficiency, and entropy conductivity inversion. Optimizing a thermoelectric material for different working points is discussed with respect to its figure-of-merit z T and power factor. The importance of the results to state-of-the-art and emerging materials is emphasized.

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16

Kostyuk, O., B. Dzundza, M. Maksymuk, V. Bublik, L. Chernyak, and Z. Dashevsky. "Development of Spark Plasma Syntering (SPS) technology for preparation of nanocrystalline p-type thermoelctrics based on (BiSb)2Te3." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.4.628-634.

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Bismuth antimony telluride is the most commonly used commercial thermoelectric material for power generation and refrigeration over the temperature range of 200–400 K. Improving the performance of these materials is a complected balance of optimizing thermoelectric properties. Decreasing the grain size of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 significantly reduces the thermal conductivity due to the scattering phonons on the grain boundaries. In this work, it is shown the advances of spark plasma sintering (SPS) for the preparation of nanocrystalline p-type thermoelectrics based on Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 at different temperatures (240, 350, 400oC). The complex study of structural and thermoelectric properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 were presented. The high dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ~ 1 or some more over 300–400 K temperature range for nanocrystalline p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 was obtained.

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17

Zavanelli, Duncan, Alexander Pröschel, Joshua Winograd, Radion Cherkez, and G. Jeffrey Snyder. "When power factor supersedes zT to determine power in a thermocouple." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 11 (March 21, 2022): 115101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0076742.

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The primary material parameter determining power in a thermoelectric is the figure of merit zT. This figure of merit comes from the requirement for thermal impedance matching between the thermoelectric legs and heat exchangers in an optimally designed thermoelectric module. However, in a thermocouple temperature sensor, the geometry is constrained for temperature sensing. If the geometry is constrained so that the length of the thermoelectric elements is greater than a characteristic length, then the material thermal conductivity becomes less relevant. This makes the power factor the determining material metric for power output in such a device designed for temperature sensing.

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18

Horii, Shigeru, Masayuki Sakurai, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, Ryoji Funahashi, Tohru Suzuki, Yoshio Sakka, Hiraku Ogino, Jun Ichi Shimoyama, and Kohji Kishio. "Fabrication of Multi-Layered Thermoelectric Thick Films and their Thermoelectric Performance." Key Engineering Materials 412 (June 2009): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.412.291.

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We report the fabrication of p- and n-type thermoelectric oxide thick films laminated by insulating alumina using electrophoretic deposition and their thermoelectric performance. From the experimental studies performed for optimization of the thermoelectric performance in the p- and n-type mono-layers, the control of sintering temperature for densification and the usage of fine powder were effective for reducing the electrical resistivity of thermoelectric layers. These findings could be applicable also to the triple-layered thick films. When one assumes that two triple-layered films of p- and n-type thermoelectric materials are combined as unicouple of thermoelectric module, an estimated maximum output power was 20 times higher than a measured maximum output power of a previously reported multi-layered thermoelectric module. It was found that precise control of the microstructure in the thermoelectric layers is indispensable for development of the thermoelectric modules based on the electrophoretic deposition.

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19

Kwon, O. H., Yoshifumi Fukushima, Mitsuo Sugimoto, and Nobuyuki Hiratsuka. "Thermoelectric Power of Ferrites." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 44, no. 3 (1997): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.44.283.

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20

Takeuchi, Tsunehiro. "Thermoelectric Power in Metals." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 69, no. 5 (2005): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.69.403.

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21

Goesmann, F., and D. I. Jones. "Thermoelectric power under illumination." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 137-138 (January 1991): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80157-7.

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22

AHLGREN, E., and F. WILLYPOULSEN. "Thermoelectric power of YSZ." Solid State Ionics 70-71 (May 1994): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(94)90366-2.

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23

Kim, D. C., J. S. Kim, B. H. Kim, Y. W. Park, C. U. Jung, and S. I. Lee. "Thermoelectric power of MgB2." Physica C: Superconductivity 387, no. 3-4 (May 2003): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(03)00626-9.

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24

Lee, Hyun Jung, Myoung-Hwan Kim, S. H. Park, H. C. Kim, J. Y. Kim, and B. K. Cho. "Thermoelectric power study of." Physica B: Condensed Matter 378-380 (May 2006): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.180.

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25

Uher, C., S. D. Peacor, and A. B. Kaiser. "Thermoelectric power ofBa1−xKxBiO3." Physical Review B 43, no. 10 (April 1, 1991): 7955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.43.7955.

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26

Isikawa, Yosikazu, Kazuya Somiya, Huruto Koyanagi, Toshio Mizushima, Tomohiko Kuwai, and Takashi Tayama. "Thermoelectric power of PrMg3." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 200, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/200/1/012069.

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27

Sakurai, Junji, Yoshinori Yamamoto, and Yukitomo Komura. "Thermoelectric Power of MnSi." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 57, no. 1 (January 15, 1988): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.57.24.

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28

Bao, W. S., S. Y. Liu, and X. L. Lei. "Thermoelectric power in graphene." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 22, no. 31 (July 13, 2010): 315502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/31/315502.

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29

Ouseph, P. J., and M. Ray O’Bryan. "Thermoelectric power ofYBa2Cu3O7−δ." Physical Review B 41, no. 7 (March 1, 1990): 4123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.4123.

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30

Xu, X. Q., S. J. Hagen, W. Jiang, J. L. Peng, Z. Y. Li, and R. L. Greene. "Thermoelectric power ofNd2−xCexCuO4crystals." Physical Review B 45, no. 13 (April 1, 1992): 7356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.45.7356.

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31

Rathnayaka, K. D. D. "Thermoelectric power of Manganin." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 5 (May 1985): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/5/002.

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32

Maddison, D. S., R. B. Roberts, and J. Unsworth. "Thermoelectric power of polypyrrole." Synthetic Metals 33, no. 3 (November 1989): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90474-8.

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33

Sim, Jason, Rozli Zulkifli, and Shahrir Abdullah. "Conceptual Thermosyphonic Loop Cooled Thermoelectric Power Cogeneration System for Automotive Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.294.

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Thermoelectric cogeneration may be applied to the exhaust of an automobile to generate additional electric power, by applying a temperature differential across the thermoelectric power generation modules. To obtain maximum net power, the highest allowable temperature difference should be obtained. Therefore, a cooling system should be employed to ensure that the cold side of the thermoelectric modules remain as cold as possible. An evaporative cooling system patented by Einstein and Szilard is used as a base for a non-parasitic cooling system to be used together with thermoelectric modules. The cooling system utilizes the same heat which powers the thermoelectric modules as a power source. By utilizing the high solubility of ammonia in water, the solubility dependency with temperature, and usage of polar and non-polar solvents to direct the flow of ammonia as a coolant, it is possible to create a cooling system which performs better than passive heat sinks, but negates the power requirements of active cooling systems.

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34

Ogawa, Yoshihiko, Hideo Watanabe, Motohiro Sakai, and Katsuhiro Tunou. "Analysis of thermoelectric power generation using thermoelectric element." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 77, no. 5 (May 1994): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420770510.

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35

RUAN, K. Q., N. L. WANG, R. P. WANG, Y. CHONG, M. DENG, W. ZHOU, and L. Z. CAO. "THERMOELECTRIC POWER IN Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4–y." Modern Physics Letters B 09, no. 16 (July 10, 1995): 1027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984995000991.

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Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4–y samples were prepared by annealing at various temperatures under different atmospheres. It is found that the superconducting samples exhibit positive thermoelectric power while the nonsuperconducting samples show negative values. A negative slope (dS/dT<0) in the temperature dependent thermoelectric power is observed for T>240 K. This result is discussed.

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36

Yang, Jihui, and Thierry Caillat. "Thermoelectric Materials for Space and Automotive Power Generation." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 3 (March 2006): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.49.

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AbstractHistorically, thermoelectric technology has only occupied niche areas, such as the radioisotope thermoelectric generators for NASA's spacecrafts, where the low cooling coefficient of performance (COP) and energy-conversion efficiency are outweighed by the application requirements.Recent materials advances and an increasing awareness of energy and environmental conservation issues have rekindled prospects for automotive and other applications of thermoelectric materials.This article reviews thermoelectric energy-conversion technology for radioisotope space power systems and several proposed applications of thermoelectric waste-heat recovery devices in the automotive industry.

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37

Woo, Byung Chul, and Hee Woong Lee. "Relation Between Electric Power and Temperature Difference for Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019095.

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The thermoelectric generation is the direct energy conversion method from heat to electric power. The conversion method is a very useful utilization of waste energy because of its possibility using a thermal energy below 423K. This research objective is to establish the thermoelectric technology on an optimum system design method and efficiency, and cost effective thermoelectric element in order to extract the maximum electric power from a wasted hot water. This paper is considered in manufacturing a thermoelectric generator and manufacturing of thermoelectric generator with 32 thermoelectric modules. It was also found that the electric voltage of thermoelectric generator with 32 modules slowly changed along temperature differences and the maximum power of thermoelectric generator using thermoelectric generating modules can be defined as temperature function.

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38

Parveen, S., S. Victor Vedanayakam, and R. Padma Suvarna. "Thermoelectric generator electrical performance based on temperature of thermoelectric materials." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18792.

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In space applications, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators are being used for the power generation. The energy storage devices like fuel cells, solar cells cannot function in remote areas, in such cases the power generating systems can work successfully for generating electrical power in space missions. The efficiency of thermo electric generators is around 5% to 8% . Bismuth telluride has high electrical conductivity (1.1 x 105S.m /m2) and very low thermal conductivity (1.20 W/ m.K). A Thermoelectric generator has been built up consisting of a Bi2Te3 based on thermoelectric module. The main aim of this is when four thermoelectric modules are connected in series, the power and efficiency was calculated. The thermoelectric module used is TEP1-1264-1.5. This thermoelectric module is having a size of 40mmx40mm. The hot side maximum temperature was 1600C where the cold side temperature is at 400C. At load resistance, 15Ω the maximum efficiency calculated was 6.80%, at temperature of 1600C. The maximum power at this temperature was 15.01W, the output voltage is 16.5V, and the output current is 0.91A. The related and the corresponding graphs between efficiency, power, output voltage, output current was drawn at different temperatures. The efficiency of bismuth telluride, thermoelectric module is greater than other thermoelectric materials.

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39

Shao, Qing, Arun Mannodi Kanakkithodi, Yi Xia, Maria K. Y. Chan, and Matthew Grayson. "Seebeck Tensor Analysis of (p × n)-type Transverse Thermoelectric Materials." MRS Advances 4, no. 08 (2019): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.150.

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ABSTRACTSingle-leg (p × n)-type transverse thermoelectrics (TTE) are reviewed as an alternative to conventional or “longitudinal” double-leg thermoelectrics for applications at room temperature and below. As the name suggests, this unique behavior of (p × n)-type transverse thermoelectrics results from choosing ambipolar anisotropic materials that have a Seebeck tensor with orthogonal p- and n-type Seebeck coefficients, leading to transverse relation between net heat and net electrical current. One feature of such materials is that they can operate near intrinsic doping and, therefore will not suffer from dopant freeze-out, opening the possibility of new cryogenic operation for solid state cooling. In this work, a Seebeck tensor analysis of thermoelectric materials is presented. To compare the performance of transverse thermoelectric materials, a transverse power factor PF⊥ is introduced. Materials searches based on these simple criteria reveal that over 1/4 of the database of about 48,000 inorganic materials could potentially function as (p × n)-type TTE’s, demonstrating the underappreciated prevalence of this class of materials.

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Ma, Ting, Zuoming Qu, Xingfei Yu, Xing Lu, and Qiuwang Wang. "A review on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance and heat transfer enhancement technologies of thermoelectric power generator system." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 1885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180102274m.

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The thermoelectric material is considered to a good choice to recycle the waste heat in the power and energy systems because the thermoelectric material is a solid-state energy converter which can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, especially suitable for high temperature power and energy systems due to the large temperature difference. However, the figure of merit of thermoelectric material is very low, and the thermoelectric power of generator system is even lower. This work reviews the recent progress on the thermoelectric power generator system from the view of heat transfer, including the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance, conventional heat transfer enhancement technologies, radial and flow-directional segmented enhancement technologies for the thermoelectric power generator system. Review ends with the discussion of the future research directions of numerical simulation methods and heat transfer enhancement technologies used for the thermoelectric power generator in high temperature power and energy systems.

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Wang, Qing Hua, Jian Zhong Zhang, Li Li Zhang, and Ze Shen Wang. "Heat to Electricity Conversion Efficiency Measurement for Thermoelectric Unicouple." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.883.

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The conversion efficiency of heat to electricity is the basic parameter of thermoelectric element, thermoelectric unicouple and thermoelectric devices. In principle, the heat to electricity conversion efficiency of thermoelectric element has been defined as the electrical output power of the element divided by its thermal input power. Due to the heat loss by convection and radiation heat transfer the test result of the heat to electricity conversion efficiency has a large errors. The authors present a test method for heat to electricity conversion efficiency of thermoelectric unicouple. The thermal input power of thermoelectric unicouple has been divided into the electrical output power plus thermal output power out of the cold end of the unicouple. The later has been determined by a thermoelectric thermal power meter. The method avoids the difficulties to measure the input thermal power into the hot side of the unicouple, so that the convection and radiation heat lose out of the unicouple side can be ignored. Owing to Seebeck Coefficient of the thermoelectric semiconductor materials could be many times of the metals, the thermoelectric thermal power meter has high sensitivity, so that high test precision could be gained in test for conversion efficiency of thermoelectric unicouple. The paper presents some test results for heat to electricity conversion efficiency of thermoelectric unicouple, and discusses about the factors which affect the test results.

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Tan, Gangjian, Michihiro Ohta, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Thermoelectric power generation: from new materials to devices." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2152 (July 8, 2019): 20180450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0450.

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Thermoelectric technology offers the opportunity of direct conversion between heat and electricity, and new and exciting materials that can enable this technology to deliver higher efficiencies have been developed in recent years. This mini-review covers the most promising advances in thermoelectric materials as they pertain to their potential in being implemented in devices and modules with an emphasis on thermoelectric power generation. Classified into three groups in terms of their operating temperature, the thermoelectric materials that are most likely to be used in future devices are briefly discussed. We summarize the state-of-the-art thermoelectric modules/devices, among which nanostructured PbTe modules are particularly highlighted. At the end, key issues and the possible strategies that can help thermoelectric power generation technology move forward are considered. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future’.

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Wang, Chun Lei, Yuan Hu Zhu, Wen Bin Su, Jian Liu, and Ji Chao Li. "Revisit of Thermoelectric Efficiency and Figure-of-Merit." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.195.

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Thermoelectric efficiency power generation represented based on the transportation equations obtained under different physical boundary conditions in the present investigation. The figure-of-merit and power factor derived from optimizing thermoelectric efficiency and maximizing power output. It is interesting to note that the maximum output power reached when the load resistance was the thermoelectric adiabatic resistance, while the optimized thermoelectric efficiency responded the isothermal resistance. The possible approach to characterizing these thermoelectric parameters proposed in the present investigation.

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Parveen, S. "Thermoelectric Power Generation with Load Resistance Using Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IX (September 30, 2017): 862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.9126.

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Sani, Elisa, Maria Martina, Thomas Salez, Sawako Nakamae, Emmanuelle Dubois, and Véronique Peyre. "Multifunctional Magnetic Nanocolloids for Hybrid Solar-Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041031.

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Present environmental issues force the research to explore radically new concepts in sustainable and renewable energy production. In the present work, a functional fluid consisting of a stable colloidal suspension of maghemite magnetic nanoparticles in water was characterized from the points of view of thermoelectrical and optical properties, to evaluate its potential for direct electricity generation from thermoelectric effect enabled by the absorption of sunlight. These nanoparticles were found to be an excellent solar radiation absorber and simultaneously a thermoelectric power-output enhancer with only a very small volume fraction when the fluid was heated from the top. These findings demonstrate the investigated nanofluid’s high promise as a heat transfer fluid for co-generating heat and power in brand new hybrid flat-plate solar thermal collectors where top-heating geometry is imposed.

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Tanusilp, Sora-at, and Ken Kurosaki. "Si-Based Materials for Thermoelectric Applications." Materials 12, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121943.

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Si-based thermoelectric materials have attracted attention in recent decades with their advantages of low toxicity, low production costs, and high stability. Here, we report recent achievements on the synthesis and characterization of Si-based thermoelectric materials. In the first part, we show that bulk Si synthesized through a natural nanostructuring method exhibits an exceptionally high thermoelectric figure of merit zT value of 0.6 at 1050 K. In the second part, we show the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites of Si and metal silicides including CrSi2, CoSi2, TiSi2, and VSi2. These are synthesized by the rapid-solidification melt-spinning (MS) technique. Through MS, we confirm that silicide precipitates are dispersed homogenously in the Si matrix with desired nanoscale sizes. In the final part, we show a promising new metal silicide of YbSi2 for thermoelectrics, which exhibits an exceptionally high power factor at room temperature.

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CHOUDHARY, K. K., D. PRASAD, K. JAYAKUMAR, and DINESH VARSHNEY. "PHONON DRAG, CARRIER DIFFUSIVE THERMOELECTRIC POWER AND SEMICONDUCTING RESISTIVITY BEHAVIOR OF Zn NANOWIRES." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 05 (October 2010): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007022.

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In this paper, we undertake a quantitative analysis of observed temperature-dependent thermoelectric power (S) of 4 nm Zn /Vycor composite nanowires by developing a model Hamiltonian that incorporates scattering of acoustic phonons with impurities, grain boundaries, charge carriers and phonons. Mott expression is used to determine the carrier diffusive thermoelectric power [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] shows linear temperature dependence and the computed [Formula: see text] when subtracted from the experimental data is interpreted as phonon drag thermoelectric power [Formula: see text]. The model Hamiltonian within the relaxation time approximation sets the limitations of the scattering of acoustic phonons with impurities, grain boundaries, charge carriers and phonons for thermoelectric power in the nanowires. It is shown that for acoustic phonons the scattering and transport cross sections are proportional to fourth power of the phonon in the Rayleigh regime. The resultant thermoelectric powers is an artefact of various operating scattering mechanisms and are computed for the first time to our knowledge for Zn nanowires consistent with the experimentally reported behavior. The semiconducting nature of resistivity is discussed with small polaron conduction (SPC) model which consistently retraces the temperature-dependent resistivity behavior of Zn /Vycor composite.

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Ebiringa, Marilyn A., JohnPaul Adimonyemma, and Chika Maduabuchi. "Performance Evaluation of a Nanomaterial-Based Thermoelectric Generator with Tapered Legs." Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates 7 (December 30, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2020.07.5.

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A thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectric effects. The amount of electrical energy produced is dependent on the thermoelectric material properties. Researchers have applied nanomaterials to TEG systems to further improve the device’s efficiency. Furthermore, the geometry of the thermoelectric legs has been varied from rectangular to trapezoidal and even X-cross sections to improve TEG’s performance further. However, up to date, a nanomaterial TEG that uses tapered thermoelectric legs has not been developed before. The most efficient nanomaterial TEGs still make use of the conventional rectangular leg geometry. Hence, for the first time since the conception of nanostructured thermoelectrics, we introduce a trapezoidal shape configuration in the device design. The leg geometries were simulated using ANSYS software and the results were post-processed in the MATLAB environment. The results show that the power density of the nanoparticle X-leg TEG was 10 times greater than that of the traditional bulk material semiconductor X-leg TEG. In addition, the optimum leg geometry configuration in a nanomaterial-based TEG is dependent on the operating solar radiation intensity.

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Lv, Song, Zuoqin Qian, Dengyun Hu, Xiaoyuan Li, and Wei He. "A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Thermoelectric Module." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123142.

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In recent years, thermoelectric (TE) technology has been emerging as a promising alternative and environmentally friendly technology for power generators or cooling devices due to the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. However, although TE technology has been found for a long time and applied in many professional fields, its low energy conversion efficiency and high cost also hinder its wide application. Thus, it is still urgent to improve the thermoelectric modules. This work comprehensively reviews the status of strategies and approaches for enhancing the performance of thermoelectrics, including material development, structure and geometry improvement, the optimization of a thermal management system, and the thermal structure design. In particular, the influence of contact thermal resistance and the improved optimization methods are discussed. This work covers many fields related to the enhancement of thermoelectrics. It is found that the main challenge of TE technology remains the improvement of materials’ properties, the decrease in costs and commercialization. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be carried out to overcome this challenge and further improve the performance of TE modules. Finally, the future research direction of TE technology is discussed. These discussions provide some practical guidance for the improvement of thermoelectric performance and the promotion of thermoelectric applications.

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Zhang, Wenjie, Jiajun Zhang, Fengcheng Huang, Yuqiang Zhao, and Yongheng Zhong. "Study of the Application Characteristics of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Radiant Windows." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206645.

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Through experiments and numerical simulation, this paper studies the related performance of a photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation cooling window structure, verifies the accuracy of the established solar thermoelectric radiation window calculation model, and analyzes the cooling performance of different parameters of thermoelectric sheet, radiation plate, and photovoltaic panel. On the basis of considering the relationship between the power generation and power consumption of the structure, the numerical calculation results show that the solar thermoelectric radiation window with non-transparent photovoltaic module (NTPV) has a total cooling capacity of 50.2 kWh, power consumption of 71.8 kWh, and power generation of 83.9 kWh from June to August. The solar thermoelectric radiation window with translucent photovoltaic module (STPV) has a total cooling capacity of 50.7 kWh, power consumption of 71.7 kWh, and power generation of 45.4 kWh from June to August. If the operation time of the thermoelectric module is limited, when the daily operation time of TEM is less than 8 h, the power generation of STPV can meet the power consumption demand of the thermoelectric radiation window from June to August.

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