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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoelectric Heat Pump'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chen, L., J. Li, and F. Sun. "Heat transfer effect on optimal performance of two-stage thermoelectric heat pumps." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes740.

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A model of two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric heat pumps with external heat transfer and internal irreversibility is built. Performance of the heat pump with Newton's heat transfer law is analysed and optimized using the combination of finite-time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The analytical formula about heating load versus working electrical current, and the coefficient of performance (COP) versus working electrical current are derived. For the fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of number of thermo-electric elements of top stage to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized for maximizing the heating load and the COP of the thermoelectric heat pump. The effects of design factors on the performance are analysed.

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2

Ficker, T. "Simplified Peltier heat pump." European Journal of Physics 43, no. 4 (May 20, 2022): 045102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ac6a8f.

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Abstract A simplified version of the Peltier heat pump has been described and its prototype subjected to experimental testing. The core of the prototype consists of the thermoelectric module TEC1-12714S which is commonly available on the electro market. The simplified Peltier heat pump has shown effective functioning within the temperature difference of ΔT = 20 °C between the cold and hot sides of the used module. Although the presented prototype of the Peltier heat pump does not seem to be practical in thermal building technology, its utilization for illustrating the principle of thermoelectric effect within physical lectures or as an experimental device for measuring its coefficient of performance in student laboratories may be useful.

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3

Xiao, Sheng Hao, Qing Hai Luo, and Gao Feng Li. "Utilizing Thermoelectric Heat Pump to Heat Recovery of Shower Waste Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.757.

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The discharge of the shower wastewater is not only caused energy waste, but also caused a certain thermal pollution to the environment. The thermoelectric heat pump system, compared with the electric heating device, has a more effective output of heat energy. By recycling heat of shower wastewater, it can be both energy-saving and environmental. With a growing ratio of the energy consumption of hot water, the thermoelectric heat pump system may give us a new perspective in the area of waste heat recovery and energy efficiency in buildings.

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4

Luo, Qing-hai, Guang-fa Tang, and Nian-ping Li. "Development of Thermoelectric Heat Pump Water Heaters." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 4, no. 1 (May 2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.4.217.

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5

Semenyuk, Volodymyr. "Thermoelectric Heat Pump as a Thermal Cycler." Journal of Electronic Materials 39, no. 9 (June 11, 2010): 1510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1281-6.

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6

Wehowski, Manuel, Jürgen Grünwald, Christian Heneka, and Dirk Neumeister. "Thermoelectric heat pump for Lithium-ion batteries." ATZ worldwide 115, no. 11 (October 15, 2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-013-0128-1.

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7

Riffat, S. B., X. Ma, and G. Qiu. "Experimentation of a novel thermoelectric heat pump system." International Journal of Ambient Energy 25, no. 4 (October 2004): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2004.9674959.

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8

Meng, F., L. Chen, and F. Sun. "Effects of heat reservoir temperatures on the performance of thermoelectric heat pump driven by thermoelectric generator." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctq036.

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9

Wijayanto, Hendi Lilih, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Kadriadi Kadriadi, Kadex Widhy Wirakusuma, and Nugroho Tri Atmoko. "Pengaruh Variasi Daya Pompa pada System Pendinginan TEG terhadap Tegangan yang Dihasilkan TEG." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.2017.

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The amount of heat energy wasted on the furnace wall is of concern to researchers who are trying to utilize the heat energy wasted from a furnace wall as a generator or source of electricity. The waste heat from the combustion in the furnace can now be used as a source of electricity. The waste heat is converted into electricity using a thermoelectric generator, the TEG generator is an electrical generator device that converts heat (temperature difference) directly into electrical energy. In this research, the heat used is the cylindrical wall of the furnace with variations in the size of the pump that flows the coolant to the waterblock, to determine the efficiency and magnitude of the power pump used to cool the hot side of the TEG, which produces a high temperature difference and also produces large electrical energy. thermoelectric generator module reused 4 pieces SP1848 27145 SA module.

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10

Tikhomirov, D. A., S. S. Trunov, and A. V. Kuzmichev. "Development and Research of a Dehumidifier and an Air Heater Based on Peltier elements." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-5-30-36.

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A functional flow diagram of an energy-saving dehumidifier and an air heater based on Peltier elements has been developed. A method for calculating the heat-power and design parameters of a thermoelectric assembly is presented. Physical modeling of the process of dehumidification and heating of air in a thermoelectric installation has been carried out. The results of tests of a working model of the thermoelectric dehumidifier and air heater are presented. Rational operating modes of the installation have been substantiated, and its energy efficiency in the heat pump mode has been shown.

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11

Mei, V. C., F. C. Chen, and B. Mathiprakasam. "Comparison of Thermoelectric and Vapor Cycle Technologies for Groundwater Heat Pump Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268334.

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The performance of a groundwater thermoelectric (TE) heat pump system, based on today’s state-of-the-art TE materials, was calculated and compared with that of a conventional groundwater heat pump under the same water inlet temperature and flow rate. It was found that the TE system was competitive for cooling, particularly for groundwater temperatures below 18° C (64° F). The TE system performed poorly for heating mode operation. A cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of 6.4 could be realized by a properly designed TE system at a groundwater temperature of 13° C (55° F), compared with a COP of 4.35 for a conventional heat pump. For heating mode operation at the same water temperature, the TE system achieved a COP of 1.72, while the conventional heat pump performed at a COP of 3.72. Use of TE systems should be considered in areas where year-round cooling load dominates.

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12

Tikhomirov, D. A., A. V. Khimenko, and A. V. Kuzmichev. "Floor Heating of Piglets Using a Thermoelectric Heat Pump." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-9-28-32.

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A functional and process flow diagram of an energy-saving floor heating panel using a thermoelectric assembly operating in a heat pump mode has been developed. The technique and calculation of the main heat-and-power parameters of this installation are presented. Studies of a working prototype of a floor heating panel, which have shown the high energy efficiency of the installation being developed, have been performed. It is shown that energy saving is about 15% in comparison with the serially used equipment for local heating of young animals.

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13

Kaushik, S. C., S. Manikandan, and Ranjana Hans. "Energy and exergy analysis of thermoelectric heat pump system." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 86 (July 2015): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.03.069.

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14

Huleihil, Mahmoud, and Bjarne Andresen. "Generalized Performance Characteristics of Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems." Physics Research International 2010 (December 29, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/341016.

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A finite-time generic model to describe the behavior of real refrigeration systems is discussed. The model accounts for finite heat transfer rates, heat leaks, and friction as different sources of dissipation. The performance characteristics are cast in terms of cooling rate (r) versus coefficient of performance (w). For comparison purposes, various types of refrigeration/heat pump systems are considered: the thermoelectric refrigerator, the reverse Brayton cycle, and the reverse Rankine cycle. Although the dissipation mechanisms are different (e.g., heat leak and Joule heating in the thermoelectric refrigerator, isentropic losses in the reverse Brayton cycle, and limits arising from the equation of state in the reverse Rankine cycle), the r−w characteristic curves have a general loop shape. There are four limiting types of operation: open circuit in which both r and w vanish in the limit of slow operation; short circuit in which again r and w vanish but in the limit of fast operation; maximum r; maximum w. The behavior of the considered systems is explained by means of the proposed model. The derived formulae could be used for a quick estimation of w and the temperatures of the working fluid at the hot and cold sides.

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15

Khan, Soheb Khan Sayeed. "Simulation of Minichannel Liquid Based Thermoelectric Cooling System by Changing Dimension of Minichannel and Type of Heat Transfer Fluid." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38063.

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Abstract: In recent time, due to exponential growth in electronic devices there is significant increase in heat dissipating element like integrated circuits(IC), graphical 2Assistant Professor, processing units (GPU) and central processing units (CPU). If there is no proper arrangement for heat removal it can permanently damage whole system. There are several methods used for this, one of which is thermoelectric cooling which works on peltier effect, thermoelectric devices with proper cooling arrangement act like heat pump which removes heat from one side and provide it to another side. The drawback of this system is low efficiency. In this project CFD analysis is done for minichannels of different dimensions along with thermoelectric. Simulation is performed by changing parameters such as hydraulic diameter of minichannel, changing type of heat transfer fluid and mass flow rate of fluid. The study reveals that by optimizing these parameters performance of thermoelectric system can be improved. The aim of this study is to optimize these parameters in order to improve overall heat transfer coefficient and coefficient of performance of the system. Keywords: Thermoelectric cooling, Peltier effect, Minichannel, Overall heat transfer, CFD

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16

Ramousse, Julien, and Christophe Goupil. "Chart for Thermoelectric Systems Operation Based on a Ternary Diagram for Bithermal Systems." Entropy 20, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20090666.

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Thermoelectric system’s operation needs careful attention to ensure optimal power conversion depending on the application aims. As a ternary diagram of bithermal systems allows a synthetic graphical analysis of the performance attainable by any work-heat conversion system, thermoelectric systems operation is plotted as a parametric curve function of the operating conditions (electric current and reservoirs’ temperature), based on the standard model of Ioffe. The threshold of each operating mode (heat engine, heat pump, thermal dissipation, and forced thermal transfer), along with the optimal efficiencies and powers of the heat pump and heat engine modes, are characterized graphically and analytically as a function of the material properties and the operating conditions. The sensibility of the performance aims (maximum efficiency vs. maximum power) with the operating conditions is, thus, highlighted. In addition, the specific contributions of each phenomenon involved in the semiconductor (reversible Seebeck effect, irreversible heat leakage by conduction and irreversible thermal dissipation by Joule effect) are discussed in terms of entropy generation. Finally, the impact of the exo-irreversibilities on the performance is analyzed by taking the external thermal resistances into account.

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17

Munawir, Munawir, Mega Nur Sasongko, and Nurkholis Hamidi. "Kinerja Thermoelectric pada Kotak Pendingin Berdasarkan Rangkaian Thermoelectric dan Putaran Fan Wind Tunnel." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2021.012.01.4.

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<p class="Abstract">A thermoelectric cooler (TEC ) is a component of an electric solid-state cooler that works as a heat pump in the cooling process. Utilizing the peltier effect that is when an electric current is flowed heat absorption occurs on both sides of the thermoelectric and the release of heat on the other side. The use of thermoelectric as a coolant in cool box systems has been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the cooler using thermoelectric based on the circuit and air velocity in the wind tunnel. The studied performance includes temperature difference, heat absorption, and coefficient of performance. The method used in this study is a real experimental method, with research variables namely series and parallel thermoelectric series and wind tunnel air velocity. Data were taken in the form of cool room temperature cold side temperature, hot side temperature, heatsink temperature, and ambient temperature. Thermoelectric connectivity electrically uses series and parallel circuits and is thermally arranged in series. The results showed that the thermoelectric circuit and wind tunnel air velocity affect the performance of the thermoelectric. Thermoelectric with series circuit produces the highest COP absorption compared to the parallel circuit. The highest performance thermoelectric series is obtained at an airspeed of 9.8 m/s. in these conditions the temperature difference (AT) produced reaches 19<sup>o</sup>C. the heat absorption (q<sub>c</sub>) reaches 34.26 watts and the COP reaches 0.89</p>

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18

Trunov, Stanislav S., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Aleksey V. Kuz’michev, and Nikolay G. Lamonov. "Use of Renewable Energy for Local Heating of Piglets." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-104-110.

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The analysis of technologies and technical means of creating a temperature regime in the piglet location zone, where two diﬀerent temperature fields must be created in the cold season: one for breeding pigs, the other for suckling piglets. The article considers the question of the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as a source of thermal energy in local heating installations for suckling piglets. (Research purpose) There are proposed the functional and technological scheme of the installation for local heating of young animals with the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes. (Materials and methods) In the developed scheme, the thermal energy of the hot circuit of thermoelectric modules is used to heat the site on which the piglets are located. (Results and discussion) The heat of the cold circuit of the thermoelectric module assimilates the thermal energy of the removed ventilation air. For the eﬀective operation of a thermoelectric installation for local heating of piglets, it is necessary that the cooling circuit, which absorbs thermal energy from the environment, be involved in some technological process for heat removal, for example, the heated ventilation air being removed. This leads to a significant increase in the eﬃciency of thermoelectric modules. At the same time, the installation will operate in the heat pump mode, since the amount of heat released in the heat exchanger of the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly exceeds the amount of electricity consumed from the network. (Conclusions) The article presents the sample of a thermoelectric installation was developed and its laboratory tests. The article describes the energy eﬃciency of the use of thermoelectric modules as energy converters in thermal technological processes.

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19

Lertsatitthanakorn, C., S. Soponronnarit, J. Jamradloedluk, M. Rungsiyopas, and R. Sarachitti. "Performance Study of Thermoelectric Solar-Assisted Heat Pump with Reflectors." Journal of Electronic Materials 43, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 2040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-013-2945-9.

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20

Kaushik, S. C., S. Manikandan, and Ranjana Hans. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Annular Thermoelectric Heat Pump." Journal of Electronic Materials 45, no. 7 (April 13, 2016): 3400–3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-4465-x.

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21

Lobunets, Yu M. "APPLICATION OF THE THERMOELECTRIC HEAT PUMPS FOR THE DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2020.02.

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The article presents a preliminary analysis of the possibility of applying thermoelectric heat pumps (THP) in low-temperature district heating systems (in the 4–5 generation DH systems). The advantages of THP are the high reliability, the lack of moving parts and freons in their composition, the compactness, the independence of the scale factor. Unlike the compression heat pump, THP provides effective circuit solutions, giving them additional tangible benefits. These features make it possible to reproduce the ideal Lorentz cycle, which can be realized with series-connected thermoelectric modules. The total operating temperature difference is divided into a large number of small intervals, which ensures the high efficiency of each module, and the required temperature difference and performance are achieved by the set of a corresponding number of series-connected micro-THP. It is clear that such a scheme cannot be implemented using compression heat pumps because of a number of technical and economic constraints. There are no such restrictions for thermoelectric heat pumps since each thermoelement is a micro-HPs that can act as a separate THPs. On the example of THP with a rated power of 1kW, the characteristics of the proposed scheme were analyzed. Unlike the classic HP, it has great flexibility. Under given temperature conditions, the power of the considered THP can vary in the range from 0.5 kW to 5 kW only due to a change in the supply current. At the same time, its effectiveness varies in the range from COP = 14 to COP = 2. This opens up new opportunities for the creation of «smart» heating systems that allow optimization of heat consumption modes, adapting them to current needs by purely programmatic methods. The estimated capital cost of THP G » 300 EUR/kW is based on actual data on the current level of component cost. Ref. 6, Fig. 5, Tab. 1.

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22

Jiang, L., M. Gillott, and S. Riffat. "Experimental study of a thermoelectric heat pump system utilizing bent heat pipes for heat transfer." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 4, no. 4 (June 18, 2009): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctp013.

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23

Барабаш, Петр Алексеевич, Андрей Сергеевич Соломаха, Владимир Иванович Усенко, and Валерий Георгиевич Петренко. "ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНЫЕ ДИСТИЛЛЯТОРЫ В СИСТЕМАХ ЖИЗНЕОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПИЛОТИРУЕМЫХ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.05.

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The subject of the article is studying water regeneration systems in space flight conditions. The aim is to select the most appropriate method for providing astronauts with drinking water, especially in conditions of deep space missions. The tasks to be solved are: analysis of known technologies for wastewater treatment and liquid products of astronauts’ life, comparison of basic parameters of systems: productivity, specific energy consumption, etc. The main method of research is experimental, which help to obtain real performance indicators of the centrifugal vacuum distiller with a thermoelectric heat pump. The following results were obtained. Based on the analysis of known developments, it has been determined that centrifugal vacuum distillation is the most promising technology for the regeneration of water from the liquid waste in life support systems in space flight. The key factor in the choice of the best technology for pilot-controlled space missions is the maximum reliability of the system with minimal mass, dimensions, and low power consumption. The centrifugal vacuum distillers with three and five stages and several variants of energy recovery schemes based on the thermoelectric heat pump have been analyzed. The results of tests of a centrifugal vacuum distiller on urine and sewage mixtures are demonstrated. The advantages of the developed distiller in comparison with the analogue installed at the International Space Station are shown. Conclusions. The comparison of the technological schemes of the VCD (USA) and the centrifugal vacuum distiller (Ukraine), as well as the distillation units itself, demonstrates a lot of advantages of the water regeneration system based on the centrifugal vacuum distiller with the thermoelectric heat pump (THP): the absence of external pumps, the absence of a mechanical compressor, the lower influence of physical and chemical properties and temperature depression on the efficiency of the THP in comparison with the mechanical compressor, is more simple, and therefore more reliable, the design of the distillation unit. This allows us to conclude that this system is promising (especially after its modernization) for deep space missions with astronauts on board

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24

Qi, Feng He, Yan Qin Wang, Chun Yu Xiong, and Feng Cui. "Research of Collection and Conversion Device of Screw Pump Motor Heat Energy Based on LTC3108." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2553.

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Designed thermal collector conversion device based on the principle of thermoelectric power generation. This device used the LTC3108 module which was low input voltage boost converter. The device can convert the heat from the screw pump working into electricity. The electricity can be powered microprocessors and sensors.

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25

Aranguren, P., S. DiazDeGarayo, A. Martínez, M. Araiz, and D. Astrain. "Heat pipes thermal performance for a reversible thermoelectric cooler-heat pump for a nZEB." Energy and Buildings 187 (March 2019): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.01.039.

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26

Song, Zhiying, Jie Ji, and Zhaomeng Li. "Performance of a heat pump system in combination with thermoelectric generators." Energy 239 (January 2022): 121900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121900.

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27

Cheon, Seong-Yong, Hansol Lim, and Jae-Weon Jeong. "Applicability of thermoelectric heat pump in a dedicated outdoor air system." Energy 173 (April 2019): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.012.

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28

Ismailov, T. A., H. M. Gadjiev, P. A. Magomedova, and D. A. Chelushkin. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENT THERMOELECTRIC HEAT PUMP OF SPIRAL TYPE." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2016-41-2-49-60.

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29

KIBAYASHI, Yasutada. "On the Temperature Control with Thermoelectric Heat-pump, Present and Future." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 94, no. 869 (1991): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.94.869_341.

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30

Luo, Qinghai, Gangfa Tang, Zhiqiang Liu, and Jingwei Wang. "A novel water heater integrating thermoelectric heat pump with separating thermosiphon." Applied Thermal Engineering 25, no. 14-15 (October 2005): 2193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.01.013.

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31

Khire, Ritesh A., Achille Messac, and Steven Van Dessel. "Design of thermoelectric heat pump unit for active building envelope systems." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 19-20 (September 2005): 4028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.04.028.

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32

Sulaiman, Aqilah Che, Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin, Mohd Hafif Basha, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Nashrul Fazli bin Mohd Nasir, and Izzuddin Zaman. "Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: A review." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503021.

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Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a new attractive method that is can be used as a temperature controller. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is a device that environmentally friendly utilizing for cooling and heating application such as heat pump and power generation. Therefore, the understanding of relation between electrical conductivity and heat conductivity of the TEC material is essentially to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) efficiency. The figure of merit is addressed by focusing the best material in TEC with different cooling material. The critical finding of TEC for this review paper is the higher the electrical conductivity and the lower thermal conductivity, the maximum the COP. Finally, the possiblity of the TEC application is reviewed according to the advantages of TEC such as high reliability, less maintenance and compact size that commercially found in large range of thermoelectric cooling system. N

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33

Meng, F., L. Chen, F. Sun, and C. Wu. "Thermodynamic analysis and optimisation of a new-type thermoelectric heat pump driven by a thermoelectric generator." International Journal of Ambient Energy 30, no. 2 (April 2009): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2009.9675791.

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34

Yang, Junlan, Linxiu Wang, Yifei Han, Xin Zhang, and Yufan Du. "Simulation and Experimental Study of CO2 Transcritical Heat Pump System with Thermoelectric Subcooling." Designs 6, no. 6 (November 16, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6060115.

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In order to improve the efficiency of the system and promote its application in other industries, the performance of a thermoelectric subcooled CO2 transcritical heat pump system was studied. A simulation model of the system was established using steady-state lumped parameter technology, and the experimental data were compared with the simulation results. The effects of cooling and chilled water flow rate and temperature, subcooling degree, compressor discharge pressure on the coefficient of performance (COP), and heating coefficient of performance (COPh) were analyzed. The results showed that COP/COPh increased with the increase in cooling and chilled water flow rate and chilled water temperature and decreased with the increase in cooling water temperature. The experimental COPh and COP of the system with a thermoelectric subcooler increased by 4.19% and 4.62%, respectively, compared to the system without it. The simulated data was in good agreement with the experimental data, and the error was within 10%, thus verifying the correctness of the model. When the subcooling degree increased to 11 °C, the system simulation results showed that COP/COPh increased by about 40% and 13.3%, respectively. The optimal high pressure was about 8.0 MPa, which corresponded to the maximum COP and COPh of the system of 3.25 and 4.25, respectively. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for future system optimization.

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35

Wang, Kun, Li Zhang, E. Zhijun, Liansheng Zhou, Yu Zhang, Zhiyong Gan, Ziyue Wang, Guohao Li, and Bin Qu. "Research of Thermoelectric Decoupling of Cogeneration Unit Based on Absorption Heat Pump." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 170 (July 2018): 042163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/170/4/042163.

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36

Patel, Viral K., Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, Dakota Goodman, and Anthony Gehl. "Experimental evaluation and thermodynamic system modeling of thermoelectric heat pump clothes dryer." Applied Energy 217 (May 2018): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.055.

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37

Lertsatitthanakorn, C., J. Jamradloedluk, M. Rungsiyopas, A. Therdyothin, and S. Soponronnarit. "Performance Analysis of a Thermoelectric Solar Collector Integrated with a Heat Pump." Journal of Electronic Materials 42, no. 7 (February 6, 2013): 2320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-012-2414-x.

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Wongsim, K., J. Jamradloedluk, C. Lertsatitthanakorn, S. Siriamornpun, M. Rungsiyopas, and S. Soponronnarit. "Experimental Performance of a Thermoelectric Heat-Pump Drying System for Drying Herbs." Journal of Electronic Materials 44, no. 6 (March 6, 2015): 2142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-3709-5.

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Riffat, S. B., Xiaoli Ma, and Robin Wilson. "Performance simulation and experimental testing of a novel thermoelectric heat pump system." Applied Thermal Engineering 26, no. 5-6 (April 2006): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.07.016.

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Riffat, S. B., and Xiaoli Ma. "Optimum selection (design) of thermoelectric modules for large capacity heat pump applications." International Journal of Energy Research 28, no. 14 (October 19, 2004): 1231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1025.

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Trunov, Stanislav S., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Aleksey V. Kuz’michev, and Nikolay G. Lamonov. "Thermoelectric Dryer for Vegetables and Fruits." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-3-8.

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In the conditions of medium and small agricultural enterprises, personal subsidiary farms, drying is the most acceptable and eﬀective method of processing vegetables and fruits. It provides high eﬃciency of production, storage and transportation of finished products. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a scheme of a drying plant using a heat pipe and a thermoelectric heat pump used as a source of thermal energy. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analog of a drying plant. The disadvantages of a convective electric dryer are a long drying time of products (for example, apples for up to 6-8 hours), which entails an increase in electricity consumption by 15-20 percent compared to infrared or conductive methods, as well as the complexity of the design of this type of dryer. (Results and discussion) The article presents the technical task for the drying plant, which promotes reducing the drying time and energy costs while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product due to the use of a conductive method (less energy-intensive compared to a convective one). The main advantage of conductive drying is a significant intensity due to the high coeﬃcient of heat transfer between the hot surface and the material, due to which it is quickly dehydrated. The proposed drying method is characterized by low energy consumption, comparative simplicity of design and low cost of equipment. (Conclusions) The joint work of the thermoelectric device and the heat pipe allows saving energy consumption from the electrical network during the drying of products while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product. Energy savings are achieved through the utilization of the heat of the spent coolant.

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Feng, Yuanli, Lingen Chen, Fankai Meng, and Fengrui Sun. "Influences of the Thomson Effect on the Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator-Driven Thermoelectric Heat Pump Combined Device." Entropy 20, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20010029.

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Patel, Viral K., Philip R. Boudreaux, and Kyle R. Gluesenkamp. "Validated model of a thermoelectric heat pump clothes dryer using secondary pumped loops." Applied Thermal Engineering 184 (February 2021): 116345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116345.

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Kim, Y. W., J. Ramousse, G. Fraisse, P. Dalicieux, and P. Baranek. "Optimal sizing of a thermoelectric heat pump (THP) for heating energy-efficient buildings." Energy and Buildings 70 (February 2014): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.11.021.

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Lamba, Ravita, S. C. Kaushik, and S. K. Tyagi. "Geometric optimization of trapezoidal thermoelectric heat pump considering contact resistances through genetic algorithm." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.3845.

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Мазур, Олександр, and Іван Якубаш. "CONDENSATION THERMOELECTRIC DRYER AS THE BEST WAY OF DRYING FRUIT RAW MATERIALS." Молодий вчений, no. 5 (105) (May 31, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2022-5-105-2.

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Drying of raw fruits and vegetables is both a thermophysical and technological process, in which the processes of heat and mass transfer are connected in one whole. When drying the prepared raw materials, the structural – mechanical, physico – chemical and other properties of the dried raw materials change. The choice of method and optimal mode of the drying process, the calculation of the design of the dryer and all ancillary equipment, is determined by the properties of the dried material, as well as the technology of its production. As in most processes, the naturalness of dried products and the ecological purity of the technological process come to the fore. Criteria of quality and efficiency of the process are combined into one task – to increase the efficiency of the drying process and the creation of non-energy-intensive heat technologies and equipment for their implementation. This article looks at a comparison of different drying chambers in their structure and principle of operation, which should play a major role in the energy efficiency of the entire drying process. The energy efficiency of the drying process of fruit and vegetable raw materials is achieved by improving the technological equipment and installing energy efficient controls, but we should not forget about the environmental friendliness of the process and the rational use of mechanical and thermal energy in the system. One of the most common processes is convective drying in a chamber or tunnel dryer. Significant increase in energy efficiency of the drying process is possible with the implementation of deep recovery of thermal energy using steam compression or thermoelectric heat pumps. After carrying out a series of laboratory and research works to compare different convection drying systems with thermoelectric heat pump, a diagram reflecting the heat consumption per 1 kg of evaporated moisture for each system was built.

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Shafai, C., and M. J. Brett. "A micro-integrated Peltier heat pump for localized on-chip temperature control." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, S1 (December 1, 1996): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-847.

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A thin-film Peltier heat pump was fabricated using standard semiconductor patterning and etching techniques. The device consisted of chrome–gold and bismuth telluride metallization to form the thermoelectric junctions. The device achieved a maximum heat-pumping rate of −24 μW at a current of 0.89 mA when operating in the cooling mode. These values were less than expected primarily due to excessive contact resistance at the Au–Bi2Te3 junctions of the Peltier device. Thermal isolation of the Peltier device on a 2.4 μm thick oxide bridge was used to enhance device performance. Complete etching of the silicon surrounding this oxide bridge was not possible, due to resultant damage of the bismuth telluride thin film. The silicon remaining increased thermal losses, resulting in the Peltier device lowering the temperature of the oxide bridge only 0.23 °C below ambient.

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Ismailov, T. A., H. M. Gadjiyev, T. A. Chelushkina, and D. A. Chelushkin. "INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT TRANSFER FROM THE IC CHIP TO THE HEAT SINK THROUGH THE USE OF NANOFILM THERMOELECTRIC HEAT PUMP." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2014-32-1-7-15.

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Wang, Wen Si, Ning Ning Wang, Michael Hayes, Brendan O'Flynn, and Cian O'Mathuna. "Thermoelectric Powered Autonomous Wireless Sensor Module for Temperature Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.978.

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Wireless sensor networks are frequently used to monitor temperature and other manufacturing parameters in recent years. However, the limited battery life posts a constraint for large sensor networks. In this work, thermoelectric energy harvester is designed to effectively convert the heat into electrical energy to power the wireless sensor node. Bismuth telluride thermoelectric modules are optimized for low temperature conditions. Charge pump and switching regulator based power management module is designed to efficiently step up the 500mV thermoelectric voltage to 3.0V level for wireless sensor nodes. This design employs electric double-layer capacitor based energy storage with considerations on practical wireless sensor node operation. The implemented energy harvester prototype is proposed for Tyndall wireless sensor system to monitor temperature and relative humidity in manufacturing process. The prototype was tested in various conditions to discover the issues in this practical design. The proposed prototype can expect a 15 years operative lifetime instead of the 3-6 months battery lifetime.

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Tikhomirov, Dmitriy, Stanislav Trunov, Aleksey Kuzmichev, and Nicolay Lamonov. "The Principle of Building an Energy-Saving Drying Plant Using Thermoelectricity." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 1, no. 42 (January 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-1-16-22.

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Most drying plants of small capacity for vegetables and fruits are convective without recirculation of the drying agent. Such dryers have a high energy consumption and cannot be attributed to energy-saving installations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a functional and technological scheme of an energy-eﬃcient thermoelectric dryer that provides a reduction in energy costs during the drying process while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product and increasing the drying eﬃciency. (Materials and methods) The methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of research on the development of energy-saving dryers, based on the provisions of the theory of drying, heat and mass transfer and thermoelectricity were used. (Results and discussion) The article presents the structural and functional-technological schemes of a convective condensation dryer with recirculation of the drying agent based on Peltier thermoelectric elements. The technological process and the principle of operation of a convective dryer of the condensation type with the use of a thermoelectric assembly operating in the heat pump mode were described. The article proposes a general method for calculating the heat and energy parameters of the dryer based on the heat balance equation. The thermal energy withdrawn by the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly, and directed to heating the cooled and drained air, exceeds the energy consumed from the electrical network. The uniform transverse blowing of the drying box with an air ensures uniform drying of the product. (Conclusions) When the drying box is cross-blown and the air flow is relatively fast, the moisture evaporation process is accelerated, the drying time is reduced and the drying quality is improved. It was revealed using preliminary technical and economic calculations that the proposed design provides a reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional dryers by up to 25 percent.

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