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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Stracher, Glenn Blair, Nancy Lindsley-Griffin, and John Roy Griffin. "A Laboratory Exercise in Mineral Thermodynamics." Journal of Geoscience Education 46, no. 2 (March 1998): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-46.2.169.

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2

Forbus, Kenneth D., Peter B. Whalley, John O. Everett, Leo Ureel, Mike Brokowski, Julie Baher, and Sven E. Kuehne. "CyclePad: An articulate virtual laboratory for engineering thermodynamics." Artificial Intelligence 114, no. 1-2 (October 1999): 297–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(99)00080-6.

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3

Güémez, J., C. Fiolhais, and M. Fiolhais. "Quantitative experiments on supersaturated solutions for the undergraduate thermodynamics laboratory." European Journal of Physics 26, no. 1 (October 27, 2004): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/26/1/004.

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4

Howard, Kathleen P. "Thermodynamics of DNA Duplex Formation: A Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 11 (November 2000): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p1469.

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5

Sheehan, Daniel P. "Supradegeneracy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 45, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2019-0051.

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AbstractCanonical statistical mechanics hinges on two quantities, i. e., state degeneracy and the Boltzmann factor, the latter of which usually dominates thermodynamic behaviors. A recently identified phenomenon (supradegeneracy) reverses this order of dominance and predicts effects for equilibrium that are normally associated with non-equilibrium, including population inversion and steady-state particle and energy currents. This study examines two thermodynamic paradoxes that arise from supradegeneracy and proposes laboratory experiments by which they might be resolved.

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6

Weiszflog, Matthias, and Inga K. Goetz. "Transforming laboratory experiments for digital teaching: remote access laboratories in thermodynamics." European Journal of Physics 43, no. 1 (November 9, 2021): 015701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ac3193.

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Abstract Laboratories in an undergraduate physics course were adapted to remote learning while conserving a high degree of student autonomy regarding the experimental work. The commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the resulting restrictions for large groups enforced the immediate development and implementation of new teaching concepts. This article describes laboratories, which have been redesigned in order to give the students the possibility to remotely steer and control the experiments by instructing their teachers, who were on site in the laboratory. This interactive approach allowed for a high degree of autonomy and freedom in the experimental design. The assessment of the laboratories, oral presentations by the students, was carried out in a similar format as in previous years, but remotely. The presentations indicated that the students reached a comparable level of understanding of the underlying physics concepts as in years with on-site laboratories. The experiences gathered with this concept can be beneficial beyond the described one-time implementation and allow adaptation for other scenarios of remote courses.

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Fedorovich, S. D., P. P. Shcherbakov, M. V. Lukashevsky, S. P. Shcherbakov, and I. V. Voinkova. "The automated laboratory complex with remote access «Molecule physics and thermodynamics»." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 891 (November 10, 2017): 012373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/012373.

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8

Marcolongo, Juan P., and Martín Mirenda. "Thermodynamics of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Micellization: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 88, no. 5 (May 2011): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed900019u.

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9

Alatas, Fathiah. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Proses Sains Mahasiswa Menggunakan Media Laboratorium Virtual pada Matakuliah Termodinamika." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jpf.v6i3.1434.

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Termodinamika merupakan matakuliah yang materinya bersifat matematis, banyak rumus, banyak mengandung konsep-konsep abstrak, berdasarkan prinsip, menyatakan proses, kompleksitas yang cukup tinggi. Rendahnya kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menguasai mata kuliah Termodinamika, dimana penyebabnya kemampuan dasar mahasiswa khususnya keterampilan proses sains rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa dengan menggunakan media laboratorium virtual. Metode penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desains nonequivalent pretest and postest control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di di Jurusan Pendidikan IPA FITK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah dengan sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Termodinamika. Berdasarkan hasil perbedaan rerata N-Gain mahasiswa menggunakan media laboratorium virtual sebesar 0,55 kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan media laboratorium virtual efektif dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains.Kata kunci: Laboratorium virtual, Keterampilan Proses Sains, Termodinamika Thermodynamics is one of university courses that has mathematical material, many formulas, contain lots of abstract concepts, based on principle, stating the process, quite high complexiticy. The low ability of students to master courses of thermodynamics, causes the basic capabilities a of student science process skills are particularly low. The purpose of this research is to improve students ' science process skills using virtual laboratory media. Methods of the research was quasi experimental with pretest and nonequivalent desains postest control group design. Research conducted in the Department of Science Education Faculty of Teaching UIN Syarif Hidayatullah with samples of this research are students who take courses of thermodynamics. Based on the results, the average difference of N-Gain students use virtual laboratory is 0.55 on average category. The results of this research shows virtual laboratory media effectively can increase science process skillsKeywords: Virtual Laboratory, Science Process Skills, Thermodynamics

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10

Andresen, Bjarne, and Christopher Essex. "Thermodynamics at Very Long Time and Space Scales." Entropy 22, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101090.

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Any observation, and hence concept, is limited by the time and length scale of the observer and his instruments. Originally, we lived on a timescale of minutes and a length scale of meters, give or take an order of magnitude or two. Therefore, we devloped laboratory sized concepts, like volume, pressure, and temperature of continuous media. The past 150 years we managed to observe on the molecular scale and similarly nanoseconds timescale, leading to atomic physics that requires new concepts. In this paper, we are moving in the opposite direction, to extremely large time and length scales. We call this regime “slow time”. Here, we explore which laboratory concepts still apply in slow time and which new ones may emerge. E.g., we find that temperature no longer exists and that a new component of entropy emerges from long time averaging of other quantities. Just as finite-time thermodynamics developed from the small additional constraint of a finite process duration, here we add a small new condition, the very long timescale that results in a loss of temporal resolution, and again look for new structure.

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11

Hinckley, Daniel A., and Paul G. Seybold. "Thermodynamics of the rhodamine B lactone zwitterion equilibrium: An undergraduate laboratory experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 64, no. 4 (April 1987): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed064p362.

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12

Savarino, G., and M. R. Fisch. "A general physics laboratory investigation of the thermodynamics of a rubber band." American Journal of Physics 59, no. 2 (February 1991): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16594.

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13

Zhang, Qian, Jie Liu, Xiao Nai, Hongcui Bao, Dezhi Sun, and Min Liu. "Examination and Improvement of Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment: Thermodynamics of a Surfactant Micellization." Journal of Chemical Education 97, no. 12 (November 16, 2020): 4490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00886.

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14

Dobson, Ken. "The Advanced Physics Virtual Laboratory Series: CD-ROM Thermodynamics and Molecular Physics." Physics Education 33, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/33/5/021.

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15

Gao, Gang, Xiaofang Shi, Zhenghai Zhu, and Lizhong Chang. "Effect of TiO2 content in slag on Ti content in molten steel." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0015.

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Abstract A calculation model of activity for CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 slag is established according to molecular-ion coexistence theory of slag structure to calculate the activities of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 in the slag. The possibility of TiO2 reduction in the slag during refining is analyzed by thermodynamics and verified by laboratory and industrial experiments. Both theoretical analysis and laboratory experimental results show that the content of TiO2 in the ladle slag significantly influences the Ti content in molten steel. When the content of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel is 0.030–0.050%, the TiO2 content in the ladle slag should be controlled below 0.3% to prevent TiO2 reduction. The critical content of TiO2 decreases with an increasing amount of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel. In addition, silicon should be used as a deoxidizer during diffused deoxidization because aluminum as a deoxidizer would lead to the reduction of TiO2. The industrial experiments confirm the results of the laboratory experiments and thermodynamics analysis.

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16

Merkulov, V. I., and L. D. Mukhametdinova. "Virtual Labs courses on “Thermodynamics”, “Thermotechnics”, “Heat and Mass Transfer”." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 1-5 (September 10, 2014): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67550.

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The article summarizes practical experience in implementation of software system of virtual laboratory works on subjects of “Thermotechnics”, “Heat and Mass Transfer”, “Thermodynamics”. This complex provides an opportunity to gain experience working on a specific hardware at internal, part-time and extramural courses, distance learning.

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17

Bierbaum, Veronica M. "Anions in Space and in the Laboratory." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S280 (June 2011): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311025130.

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AbstractThe astronomical detection of molecular anions has prompted our study of their chemical reactions with atomic species that are abundant in the interstellar medium. We have recently explored the chemistry of a variety of Cx Ny− anions with hydrogen atoms and determined their reaction rate constants and products using the flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube technique. Computational studies allow characterization of the structures of reactants and products, as well as the energetics along the reaction pathway. For anions containing one or two nitrogen atoms, reactions with hydrogen atoms are facile, and proceed primarily by associative detachment. In contrast, anions containing three nitrogen atoms are unreactive with hydrogen atoms due to reaction barriers and unfavorable thermodynamics.

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18

Vincent, Grace E., Charlotte C. Gupta, Madeline Sprajcer, Corneel Vandelanotte, Mitch J. Duncan, Phil Tucker, Michele Lastella, Georgia A. Tuckwell, and Sally A. Ferguson. "Are prolonged sitting and sleep restriction a dual curse for the modern workforce? a randomised controlled trial protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e040613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040613.

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IntroductionProlonged sitting and inadequate sleep are a growing concern in society and are associated with impairments to cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. However, the combined effect of prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep on measures of health and cognitive performance are unknown. In addition, the circadian disruption caused by shiftwork may further impact workers’ cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. This protocol paper outlines the methodology for exploring the impact of simultaneous exposure to prolonged sitting, sleep restriction and circadian disruption on cardiometabolic and cognitive performance outcomes.Methods and analysisThis between-subjects study will recruit 208 males and females to complete a 7-day in-laboratory experimental protocol (1 Adaptation Day, 5 Experimental Days and 1 Recovery Day). Participants will be allocated to one of eight conditions that include all possible combinations of the following: dayshift or nightshift, sitting or breaking up sitting and 5 hour or 9 hour sleep opportunity. On arrival to the laboratory, participants will be provided with a 9 hour baseline sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00) and complete five simulated work shifts (09:00 to 17:30 in the dayshift condition and 22:00 to 06:30 in the nightshift condition) followed by a 9 hour recovery sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00). During the work shifts participants in the sitting condition will remain seated, while participants in the breaking up sitting condition will complete 3-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30 mins on a motorised treadmill. Sleep opportunities will be 9 hour or 5 hour. Primary outcome measures include continuously measured interstitial blood glucose, heart rate and blood pressure, and a cognitive performance and self-perceived capacity testing battery completed five times per shift. Analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThe CQUniversity Human Ethics Committee has approved this study (0000021914). All participants who have already completed the protocol have provided informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated via scientific publications and conference presentations.Trial registration detailsThis study has been registered on Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12619001516178) and is currently in the pre-results stage.

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19

Nyasulu, Frazier, Rebecca Barlag, Lindy Wise, and Lauren McMills. "The H3PO4 Acid Ionization Reactions: A Capstone Multiconcept Thermodynamics General Chemistry Laboratory Exercise." Journal of Chemical Education 90, no. 5 (April 12, 2013): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed300374m.

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20

Xu, Xinhua. "Comment on “Thermodynamics of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Micellization: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment”." Journal of Chemical Education 93, no. 9 (June 9, 2016): 1499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00934.

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21

Kirichek, O., C. R. Lawson, G. L. Draper, D. M. Jenkins, D. J. Haynes, and S. Lilley. "Solid methane moderators: Thermodynamics and chemistry." Journal of Neutron Research 22, no. 2-3 (October 20, 2020): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnr-190132.

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The unique properties of solid methane enable the conversion of hot, energetic neutrons into cold neutrons, with an efficiency approximately 3.5 times that of liquid hydrogen based moderators. However, practical applications of solid methane in neutron moderators turned out to be much more challenging than initially expected. Exposure of solid methane at low temperatures to neutron radiation leads to a build-up of radiolysis products in the solid methane matrix. Accumulation of defects beyond some critical number can result in a spontaneous self-accelerated recombination process, which in combination with the expansion of hydrogen built up in bulk solid methane during irradiation, was believed to be responsible for the moderator’s breakdown. Here we present results of our thermodynamic model, based on the theory of thermal explosion. Our model agrees well with the test data obtained using methane moderators developed at the IPNS neutron source, based at Argonne National Laboratory and the data acquired during commissioning of the ISIS Target Station 2 solid methane moderator. We also discuss the products of radiolysis reactions generated by exposure of the condensed methane to neutron radiation. The succession of radiolysis reactions may lead to the production of long chain hydrocarbons, which can contaminate the moderator system and significantly reduce efficiency of the heat-exchanger. The possible solutions for cleaning moderators using targeted solvents are considered. In the conclusion we give some practical recommendations, based on our simulation results and operational experience.

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22

Krishnan, Viswanathan. "Molecular Thermodynamics Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy." Inventions 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010013.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is perhaps the most widely used technology from the undergraduate teaching labs in organic chemistry to advanced research for the determination of three-dimensional structure as well as dynamics of biomolecular systems... The NMR spectrum of a molecule under a given experimental condition is unique, providing both quantitative and structural information. In particular, the quantitative nature of NMR spectroscopy offers the ability to follow a reaction pathway of the given molecule in a dynamic process under well-defined experimental conditions. To highlight the use of NMR when determining the molecular thermodynamic parameters, a review of three distinct applications developed from our laboratory is presented. These applications include the thermodynamic parameters of (a) molecular oxidation from time-dependent kinetics, (b) intramolecular rotation, and (c) intermolecular exchange. An experimental overview and the method of data analysis are provided so that these applications can be adopted in a range of molecular systems.

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23

Borzone, G., R. Raggio, and R. Ferro. "Comments on intermetallic thermochemistry." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 3-4 (2002): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0204249b.

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The need of a concerted multi-disciplinary approach in the investigation of intermetallic systems and the role of thermochemistry are underlined. The activity carried out in the Author?s laboratory in the alloy thermodynamics is summarized. The different instruments (calorimeters) built in laboratory are briefly presented and their performance discussed. The results obtained in the measurement of the enthalpy of formation mainly of several rare earth alloys are described. The characteristics of the Eu and Yb thermochemistry and crystallochemistry are finally underlined.

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24

Liana, Yeni Rima, S. Linuwih, and S. Sulhadi. "The Development of Thermodynamics Law Experiment Media Based on IoT: Laboratory Activities Through Science Problem Solving for Gifted Young Scientists." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.06106.

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In this research, thermodynamics law experiment media based on IoT was developed and tested. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the IoT-based thermodynamic law experiment media through a problem-based learning approach and laboratory activities using science problem solving for talented young scientists. This research was conducted at SMA 2 Batang. This study using the ADDIE approach model. The development steps are: (1) analyzing curriculum requirements and demands in 2013, (2) designing and manufacturing, (3) developing media, (4) limited through small-scale tests, expert testing, tested on professional physics teachers and student grade XI sciences, (5) evaluated to get feedback in the form of comments and suggestions. This media is equipped with an LCD display to read of temperature, electric current, and electrical voltage in real-time which is integrated with the the Thingspeak application on every student’s android phone. This media is easily assembled, based on digital, equipped with manuals and student worksheets. The validation results from the media experts 90.20% (Very Good), the results of the validation from the material experts 91.50% (Very Good), and the results of the physics teacher’s responses covering all aspects of the material and multimedia 93.00% (Very Good). The results of the validation show that thermodynamics law experiment media based on IoT is appropriate to be used as a media for learning activities in the thermodynamics law material laboratory.

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25

Aubin, Daniel G., and Jonathan P. Abbatt. "Laboratory Measurements of Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Small Aromatic Gases ton-Hexane Soot Surfaces." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 1 (January 2006): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050800f.

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26

DeGrand, Michael J., M. Leigh Abrams, Judith L. Jenkins, and Lawrence E. Welch. "Gibbs Energy Changes during Cobalt Complexation: A Thermodynamics Experiment for the General Chemistry Laboratory." Journal of Chemical Education 88, no. 5 (May 2011): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed100833x.

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27

O’Brien, Leah C., Hannah B. Root, Chin-Chuan Wei, Drake Jensen, Nahid Shabestary, Cristina De Meo, and Douglas J. Eder. "M2+•EDTA Binding Affinities: A Modern Experiment in Thermodynamics for the Physical Chemistry Laboratory." Journal of Chemical Education 92, no. 9 (August 4, 2015): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00159.

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28

de Fontaine, Didier. "From Gibbsian Thermodynamics to Electronic Structure: Nonempirical Studies of Alloy Phase Equilibria." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 8 (August 1996): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035661.

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The following is an edited version of the David Turnbull Lectureship address, given by recipient Didier R. de Fontaine at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting, De Fontaine received the lectureship “in recognition of fundamental contributions and insights in the fields of order/disorder phenomena in materials and computational techniques for phase diagrams.” De Fontaine is a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering at the University of California—Berkeley and holds a joint appointment with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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29

Short, Luke Chandler, and Thorsten Benter. "Principles of Solution Thermodynamics: Demonstration of Nonideal Behavior of Henry's Law. An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 8 (August 2006): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p1233.

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30

Rogers, Bradley A., and Yanjie Zhang. "Project-Based Experiment in a Physical Chemistry Teaching Laboratory: Ion Effects on Caffeine Partitioning Thermodynamics." Journal of Chemical Education 97, no. 11 (September 17, 2020): 4173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00961.

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31

Purwandari, Elce. "Pengembangan Virtual Laboratory Termodinamika di Sekolah Menengah Atas." Science and Physics Education Journal (SPEJ) 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/spej.v3i1.793.

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This study aims to produce virtual laboratory thermodinamic that is valid, practical, and effective used in learning physics at SMAN 2 Palembang. Using development research methods the Hannafin and Peck model which consist of three phases, namely analysis phases, design phases, and development and implementation phases. At the development and implementation phases of evaluation method of Tessmer. Virtual laboratory are declared valid after an evaluation by an expert review. Virtual laboratory is then evaluated by students in the phase of one-to-one and small group and is declared very practical to use. The results of data analysis of Learning motivation of the students increase an average from 0,69 become 0,8, learning outcomes of the students increase an averag from 43,13 become 76,13. The results of N-gain analysis show an 0,58 with a medium category. It was concluded that virtual laboratory thermodynamic it has been developed was proven to be valid, practical, and effective.This shows that virtual laboratory thermodynamic can be developed, practical to used, and increases motivation and student cognitive learning outcomes. Keywords:Virtual Laboratory, Thermodynamics, Valid, Practical, and Effective

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DASGUPTA, B., DASTGEER SHAIKH, Q. HU, and G. P. ZANK. "Minimum dissipative relaxed states applied to laboratory and space plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 75, no. 2 (April 2009): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377808007563.

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AbstractThe usual theory of plasma relaxation, based on the selective decay of magnetic energy over the (global) magnetic helicity, predicts a force-free state for a plasma. Such a force-free state is inadequate to describe most realistic plasma systems occurring in laboratory and space plasmas as it produces a zero pressure gradient and cannot couple magnetic fields with flow. A different theory of relaxation has been proposed by many authors, based on a well-known principle of irreversible thermodynamics, the principle of minimum entropy production rate which is equivalent to the minimum dissipation rate of energy. We demonstrate the applicability of minimum dissipative relaxed states to various self-organized systems of magnetically confined plasma in the laboratory and in the astrophysical context. Such relaxed states are shown to produce a number of basic characteristics of laboratory plasma confinement systems and solar arcade structure.

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SATZ, HELMUT. "QUARK MATTER AND NUCLEAR COLLISIONS A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRONG INTERACTION THERMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 08 (August 2012): 1230006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312300068.

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The past 50 years have seen the emergence of a new field of research in physics, the study of matter at extreme temperatures and densities. The theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predicts that in this limit, matter will become a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons — the medium which made up the early universe in the first 10 microseconds after the Big Bang. High energy nuclear collisions are expected to produce short-lived bubbles of such a medium in the laboratory. I survey the merger of statistical QCD and nuclear collision studies for the analysis of strongly interacting matter in theory and experiment.

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34

Basiran, Mohd Fitri, Suhaila Mohd Sharif, and Sharifah Enne Suhaini Syed Mohd Zahari. "Development of 'Boyles Law Apparatus' Teaching Aids for Thermodynamics Course: Innovation in Teaching Methodology." ANP Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53797/anpjssh.v2i1.5.2021.

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Teaching aids are among the most important instruments in providing effective delivery results as well as the best understanding to students. Therefore, this teaching aid should also be in the Thermodynamics course and among the topics whose concept is quite difficult to understand by students is Boyles Law in the topic of Perfect Gas. Boyle's law is used to explain the inverse relationship between pressure and gas volume at a constant temperature. This law states that when the pressure of the container is filled with increasing gas, then the total volume will decrease. Boyles' Law on the topic of Perfect Gas is also one of the important topics and it is the basis in Thermodynamics. This paper is about the development of Boyle's Law Apparatus (BLA) teaching aids (TA) for the DJJ20063 Thermodynamics course at Port Dickson Polytechnic which is an apparatus that can explain to students related to the basic concepts of Boyle's Law. In addition, this teaching aids can also help lecturers in providing a better understanding to students who take Thermodynamics courses. The production of this tool is not only used by lecturers in the theory class but also this tool can also be used for practical needs in the laboratory. In conclusion, a suitable apparatus for explaining Boyle's Law to students has been successfully designed and developed. In this regard, hopefully the innovation of this teaching aids will be able to benefit all parties in improving the teaching and learning system, especially for Thermodynamics course.

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35

Rieth, Monica D. "Instructional Design for an Undergraduate Laboratory Course in Molecular Biophysics." Biophysicist 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35459/tbp.2020.000173.

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ABSTRACT In this article, an approach to teaching molecular biophysics is described. The organization and course content has been carefully chosen and curated so that fundamental ideas in molecular biophysics can be taught effectively to upper classmen in higher education. Three general topic areas are introduced along with accompanying experiments that illustrate major principles related to each topic area. This article outlines an approach to organizing chosen course material and suggests multiple teaching activities within each major topic area: thermodynamics, kinetics, and structural biology. Subtopics are presented along with suggested laboratory experiments. The experiments are outlined in a way that they can be readily adopted by educators teaching a biophysical chemistry lab. The accompaniment of workshop exercises as an additional teaching modality is a component of the course intended to enhance the development of important problem-solving skills and comprehension of new content. Finally, a reflection on student feedback and course outcomes along with targeted learning goals is discussed.

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Galicia-Luna, Luis A., Alfredo Pimentel-Rodas, José J. Castro-Arellano, Angel M. Notario-López, Carmen Sánchez-García, and Pedro Esquivel-Mora. "Twenty Years of Experimental Determinations of Thermophysical Properties with High Accuracy: Thermodynamics Laboratory, ESIQIE-IPN, México." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 64, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 2075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.8b01027.

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37

Yakovleva, E. "Shaping Student’s Scientific Mindset During Laboratory Classes in Physics at the University." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/41/57.

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The article deals with the problems faced when shaping student’s scientific mindset. It should be pointed out that such difficulties lie deep in the pedagogical science. Look-back analysis of undertaken research on the problems under consideration is carried out. The article proves the necessity to make use of all the possibilities of a learning process at the university to shape student’s scientific mindset in accordance with society requirements. It is shown that students are able to transfer knowledge into scientific mindset when studying physics at the university. Curriculum of lab classes in mechanics, molecular physics, and thermodynamics is developed considering its functional feature — an accomplishment of objectives in development physics. In accordance with the aim of shaping student’s mindset criteria on evaluating lab classes in physics are developed.

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38

Thompson, Stephen P., Hilary Kennedy, Benjamin M. Butler, Sarah J. Day, Emmal Safi, and Aneurin Evans. "Laboratory exploration of mineral precipitates from Europa's subsurface ocean." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 5 (September 29, 2021): 1455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721008554.

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The precipitation of hydrated phases from a chondrite-like Na–Mg–Ca–SO4–Cl solution is studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, under rapid- (360 K h−1, T = 250–80 K, t = 3 h) and ultra-slow-freezing (0.3 K day−1, T = 273–245 K, t = 242 days) conditions. The precipitation sequence under slow cooling initially follows the predictions of equilibrium thermodynamics models. However, after ∼50 days at 245 K, the formation of the highly hydrated sulfate phase Na2Mg(SO4)2·16H2O, a relatively recent discovery in the Na2Mg(SO4)2–H2O system, was observed. Rapid freezing, on the other hand, produced an assemblage of multiple phases which formed within a very short timescale (≤4 min, ΔT = 2 K) and, although remaining present throughout, varied in their relative proportions with decreasing temperature. Mirabilite and meridianiite were the major phases, with pentahydrite, epsomite, hydrohalite, gypsum, blödite, konyaite and loweite also observed. Na2Mg(SO4)2·16H2O was again found to be present and increased in proportion relative to other phases as the temperature decreased. The results are discussed in relation to possible implications for life on Europa and application to other icy ocean worlds.

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Lee, Dae-Hee, and B. Bollinger. "The Development of Combustion Laboratory Test Apparatus for Mechanical Engineers." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 24, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909602400101.

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A combustion laboratory test apparatus has been developed and put to use in the mechanical engineering measurement course at the California State University, Sacramento. The objectives of this apparatus are to study the characteristics of a premixed flame for a range if air/propane mixtures (from near stoichiometric to rich to highly rich) and to examine the principles of chemical thermodynamics of combustion by comparing the calculated adiabatic flame temperature to the measured adiabatic flame temperature, and by doing an energy balance on the flame. The apparatus consists of a burner that is used to ignite a regulated air/propane mixture. A thin wire thermocouple is used to measure both the flame temperature profiles and the adiabatic flame temperatures for two different air/propane mixtures (rich and highly rich). Furthermore, a copper tank containing water is heated by a near-stoichiometric mixture flame, causing heat transfer from the flame to the water. The results show that approximately 83% of the heat released from the near stoichiometric flame is transferred to the water in the copper tank.

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Wiese, M., P. Griewank, and D. Notz. "On the thermodynamics of melting sea ice versus melting freshwater ice." Annals of Glaciology 56, no. 69 (2015): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015aog69a874.

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AbstractWe examine the melting of sea ice versus freshwater ice in laboratory experiments and with one-dimensional model simulations. Our primary aim is to investigate the vertical partitioning of heat between thinning and internal phase changes. In agreement with our general understanding of the two ice types, we find that freshwater ice quickly starts thinning and then keeps a constant melt rate for constant external heat input. In contrast, sea ice starts thinning later but then thins faster than freshwater ice. This temporal evolution is caused by the substantial amount of heat that is used for internal phase changes in sea ice. Those internal phase changes give rise to a nonlinear temperature profile in the sea ice during the entire melting period, whereas freshwater ice quickly reaches its melting temperature throughout its entire thickness. Infrared imagery provides additional insights into the surface temperature of both ice types during melting. We find that, during melting, sea ice can have a mean surface temperature several tenths of a degree above 0°C because of meltwater-filled millimetre-scale dimples at the ice surface.

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Pal, Rajinder. "Teaching Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Simultaneously through Pipeline Flow Experiments." Fluids 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4020103.

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Entropy and entropy generation are abstract and illusive concepts for undergraduate students. In general, students find it difficult to visualize entropy generation in real (irreversible) processes, especially at a mechanistic level. Fluid mechanics laboratory can assist students in making the concepts of entropy and entropy generation more tangible. In flow of real fluids, dissipation of mechanical energy takes place due to friction in fluids. The dissipation of mechanical energy in pipeline flow is reflected in loss of pressure of fluid. The degradation of high quality mechanical energy into low quality frictional heat (internal energy) is simultaneously reflected in the generation of entropy. Thus, experiments involving measurements of pressure gradient as a function of flow rate in pipes offer an opportunity for students to visualize and quantify entropy generation in real processes. In this article, the background in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics relevant to the concepts of mechanical energy dissipation, entropy and entropy generation are reviewed briefly. The link between entropy generation and mechanical energy dissipation in pipe flow experiments is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The rate of entropy generation in pipeline flow of Newtonian fluids is quantified through measurements of pressure gradient as a function of flow rate for a number of test fluids. The factors affecting the rate of entropy generation in pipeline flows are discussed.

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MORLEY, N. J. "Thermodynamics of cercarial survival and metabolism in a changing climate." Parasitology 138, no. 11 (August 8, 2011): 1442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001272.

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SUMMARYCercariae are non-feeding free-living stages in the life cycles of trematodes, highly influenced by temperature. Their life span is brief, limited by the depletion of a non-renewable glycogen store. Warmer temperatures under the influence of climate change may promote the transmission of parasites and therefore understanding their thermobiology forms an important step in discerning the future dynamics of parasite populations. An empirical relationship exists between cercarial mean expected life span and the half-life of the population (t0·5) and therefore t0·5 is a good indicator of glycogen utilization. In this study experimental data on the effects of temperature on cercarial survival is compiled from the scientific literature and evaluated in terms of metabolism using Q10 and Arrhenius activation energy (E* or μ), common measures of temperature-mediated reaction rates. Cercariae have a variable response to temperature, which does not appear to be influenced by their life-history attributes or size. There were little differences in Q10 and E* values between most temperature ranges. In almost half the studies examined (7 of 16) cercariae demonstrated a discrete zone of thermostability over a range equivalent to typical individual mean summer temperatures. Distinct intraspecific differences in temperature responses between 3 laboratory strains of Schistosoma mansoni and 2 natural strains of Echinoparyphium recurvatumsensu stricto were apparent. The importance of these results for cercarial biology under global climate change is discussed.

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Kim, Eun-jin. "Information Geometry, Fluctuations, Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, and Geodesics in Complex Systems." Entropy 23, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111393.

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Information theory provides an interdisciplinary method to understand important phenomena in many research fields ranging from astrophysical and laboratory fluids/plasmas to biological systems. In particular, information geometric theory enables us to envision the evolution of non-equilibrium processes in terms of a (dimensionless) distance by quantifying how information unfolds over time as a probability density function (PDF) evolves in time. Here, we discuss some recent developments in information geometric theory focusing on time-dependent dynamic aspects of non-equilibrium processes (e.g., time-varying mean value, time-varying variance, or temperature, etc.) and their thermodynamic and physical/biological implications. We compare different distances between two given PDFs and highlight the importance of a path-dependent distance for a time-dependent PDF. We then discuss the role of the information rate Γ=dLdt and relative entropy in non-equilibrium thermodynamic relations (entropy production rate, heat flux, dissipated work, non-equilibrium free energy, etc.), and various inequalities among them. Here, L is the information length representing the total number of statistically distinguishable states a PDF evolves through over time. We explore the implications of a geodesic solution in information geometry for self-organization and control.

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Voskov, A. L., N. A. Kovalenko, I. B. Kutsenok, and I. A. Uspenskaya. "Developing Calculation Methods in the Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics at the Chemistry Department of Moscow State University." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 93, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 1849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024419100327.

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45

Gunawan, G., A. Harjono, H. Sahidu, L. Herayanti, N. M. Y. Suranti, and F. Yahya. "Using Virtual Laboratory to Improve Pre-service Physics Teachers’ Creativity and Problem-Solving Skills on Thermodynamics Concept." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1280 (November 2019): 052038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1280/5/052038.

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Rengga, Wara Dyah Pita, Sri Wahyuni, and Agung Feinnudin. "Thermodynamics of Formaldehyde Removal by Adsorption onto Nanosilver Loaded Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.93.

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The performance of nanosilver loaded bamboo-based activated carbon as an adsorbent used for the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde in the air. The size porous of the active carbon is predominantly on the size of mesoporous and microporous. Adsorption tests have been evaluated in laboratory scale fixed-bed column, at different temperatures and initial formaldehyde concentration. In order to investigate is both equilibrium and thermodynamic aspects. The experimental data was fitted with Langmuir model and fit well with the adsorption capacity of 91-110 mg/g. The increase in temperature reduces the adsorption capacity. The thermodynamic parameters show that the values of ∆Go obtained to confirm the feasibility of activated carbon effective sorbents of formaldehyde. The formaldehyde adsorption process is exothermic and adsorbent has a good affinity to formaldehyde.

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Aslam, Asim, and Farouq Twaiq. "SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION AS A TREATMENT FOR LABORATORY ORGANIC WASTE." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v4i1.3880.

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The thermodynamics of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was studied in order to determine its potential for treatment of laboratory liquid organic waste. A thermodynamic model based on the minimization of Gibbs energy was developed in Aspen Plus software that simulated the SCWG of liquid lab organic wastes on an ash free basis. The feed stream contained a mixture of aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (acetone, ethyl acetate,ethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and methanol), aromatic (toluene and xylene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform and dichloromethane). The showed that a pressure of 25 MPa, low organic material concentration of 5-10% in the feed and temperatures over 600oC, SCWG resulted in hydrogen rich syngas aith a trace amount of HCI in the liquid effluent. High conversion rates were obtained for oxygenated hydrocarbons having destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) greater than 99.99% with the rest of the compound having a 100% DRE. The composition of the gaseous stream was found to be such that the gas could be released safely to the atmosphere or be stored at high pressure. The study established a proof of concept that there is potential for laboratories to use this method to deal with organic lab wastes with the SCWG process effluent that is environmental friendly.

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Carsey, Frank, Alberto Behar, A. Lonne Lane, Vince Realmuto, and Hermann Engelhardt. "A borehole camera system for imaging the deep interior of ice sheets." Journal of Glaciology 48, no. 163 (2002): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831124.

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AbstractThe design and first deployment is described for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory–California Institute of Technology ice borehole camera system for acquisition of down-looking and side-looking images in a borehole made by a hot-water drill. The objective of the system is to acquire images in support of studies of the basal dynamics and thermodynamics of West Antarctic ice streams. A few sample images, obtained during the 2000/01 Antarctic field season, are shown from the basal layers of Ice Stream C.

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Editorial, E. "Corrigendum: In the paper Contribution study of the thermodynamics properties of the ammonia-water mixtures, doi reference: 10.2298/TSCI110206083K." Thermal Science 22, no. 4 (2018): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180624196e.

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Simeon Oka, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Thermal Science request that it is necessary to correct Equation No. 6 in the paper CONTRIBUTION STUDY OF THE THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF THE AMMONIA-WATER MIXTURES by Sahraoui KHERRIS a, b*, Mohammed MAKHLOUF b, Djallel ZEBBAR a, and Omar SEBBANE c aInstitute of Sciences and Technology, University of Tissemsilt, Tissemilt, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria bReactifs Systems and Materials Laboratory, Djillali LIABES University, Algeria cMaterials and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Abou Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria Original scientific paper DOI: 10.2298/TSCI110206083K published in the journal THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2013, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 891-902 since due to typing error Equation No. 6, of this paper has not been correctly written.<br><br><font color="red"><b> Link to the corrected article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/TSCI110206083K">10.2298/TSCI110206083K</a></b></u>

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Owinoh, Antony Z., Bjorn Stevens, and Rupert Klein. "Multiscale Asymptotics Analysis for the Mesoscale Dynamics of Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3469.1.

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Abstract This paper presents the derivation of a model to explore the coupling between the dynamic and thermodynamic processes of a cloud-topped boundary layer on mesoscales using a formal multiscale asymptotic approach. The derived equations show how the anomalies in the heat, moisture, and mass budgets in the boundary layer affect boundary layer motions, and how these motions can organize and amplify (or damp) such anomalies. The thermodynamics equations are similar to those that have been suggested in mixed layer studies; that is, the evolution of the thermodynamics variables depends on the surface heat and moisture fluxes, cloud-top radiative cooling rate, temperature, and moisture jumps across the capping inversion. However, these equations are coupled to the dynamics equation through the entrainment rate at the top of the cloud deck. The entrainment rate is parameterized from results obtained in laboratory experiments and clearly shows the dependence on the velocity perturbation, which in turn strongly depends on the horizontal gradient of the thermodynamics variables. The derived entrainment rate is applicable when the thermal jump at cloud top is sufficiently weak and the velocity jump is on the order of the velocity perturbation. Aside from some initial analyses of the main balances in steady-state solutions, the mathematical properties and physical characteristics of the system of equations will be explored in future papers.

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