Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermodynamic behaviors

Academic literature on the topic 'Thermodynamic behaviors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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Gao, Zeyuan, and Liu Zhao. "Restricted phase space thermodynamics for AdS black holes via holography." Classical and Quantum Gravity 39, no. 7 (March 11, 2022): 075019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ac566c.

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Abstract A new formalism for thermodynamics of AdS black holes called the restricted phase space thermodynamics (RPST) is proposed. The construction is based on top of Visser’s holographic thermodynamics, but with the AdS radius fixed as a constant. Thus the RPST is free of the (P, V) variables but inherits the central charge and chemical potential as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables. In this formalism, the Euler relation and the Gibbs–Duhem equation hold simultaneously with the first law of black hole thermodynamics, which guarantee the appropriate homogeneous behaviors for the black hole mass and the intensive variables. The formalism is checked in detail in the example case of four-dimensional Reissner–Nordström anti-de Sitter black hole in Einstein–Maxwell theory, in which some interesting thermodynamic behaviors are revealed.
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Tang, Ying, and Lijun Zhang. "Effect of Thermal Vacancy on Thermodynamic Behaviors in BCC W Close to Melting Point: A Thermodynamic Study." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091648.

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As temperature increases, the thermal vacancy concentration in pure metals dramatically increases and causes some strongly non-linear thermodynamic behaviors in pure metals when close to their melting points. In this paper, we chose body-centered cubic (bcc) W as the target and presented a thermodynamic model to account for its Gibbs energy of pure bcc W from 0 K to melting point by including the contribution of thermal vacancy. A new formula for interaction part was proposed for describing the quadratic temperature behavior of vacancy formation energy. Based on the experimental/first-principles computed thermodynamic properties, all the parameters in the Gibbs energy function were assessed by following the proposed two-step optimization strategy. The thermodynamic behaviors, i.e., the strong nonlinear increase for temperature dependence of heat capacities at high temperatures and a nonlinear Arrhenius plot of vacancy concentration, in bcc W can be well reproduced by the obtained Gibbs energy. The successful description of thermal vacancy on such strongly non-linear thermodynamic behaviors in bcc W indicates that the presently proposed thermodynamic model and optimization strategy should be universal ones and are applicable to all other metals.
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Belhaj, A., M. Chabab, H. EL Moumni, K. Masmar, and M. B. Sedra. "Ehrenfest scheme of higher dimensional AdS black holes in the third-order Lovelock–Born–Infeld gravity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12, no. 10 (October 25, 2015): 1550115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887815501157.

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Interpreting the cosmological constant as a thermodynamic pressure and its conjugate quantity as a thermodynamic volume, we reconsider the investigation of P–V critical behaviors of (1 + n)-dimensional AdS black holes in Lovelock–Born–Infeld gravity. In particular, we derive an explicit expression of the universal number [Formula: see text] in terms of the space dimension n. Then, we examine the phase transitions at the critical points of such black holes for 6 ≤ n < 11 as required by the physical condition of the thermodynamical quantities including criticality behaviors. More precisely, the Ehrenfest equations have been checked and they reveal that the black hole system undergoes a second phase transition at the critical points.
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Li, Jun, and Kun Meng. "Black hole solution of Gauss–Bonnet-massive gravity coupled to nonlinear Maxwell and Yang–Mills fields in higher dimensions." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 16 (May 29, 2019): 1950121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501219.

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We construct a static black hole solution of Gauss–Bonnet-massive gravity coupled to nonlinear Maxwell and Yang–Mills fields in higher dimensions. Then we calculate related thermodynamic quantities, check the validity of the first law of black hole thermodynamics and analyze the phase transition behaviors of the black hole in extended phase space.
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Ha, Seung-Yeal, Jeongho Kim, and Tommaso Ruggeri. "Emergent Behaviors of Thermodynamic Cucker--Smale Particles." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 50, no. 3 (January 2018): 3092–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/17m111064x.

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Lan, Chenchen, Qing Lyu, Yana Qie, Maofa Jiang, Xiaojie Liu, and Shuhui Zhang. "Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of coal gasification." Thermochimica Acta 666 (August 2018): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2018.06.019.

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Xu, Beisi, Lei Huang, and Haojun Liang. "Thermodynamic behaviors of polyampholytes at low temperatures." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 15 (October 15, 2004): 7494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1792191.

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Li, Yushan. "Thermodynamic properties of charged ideal spin-1 bosons in a trap under a magnetic field." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 26 (October 10, 2014): 1450206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914502066.

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Thermodynamics of trapped charged ideal spin-1 bosons confined in a magnetic field are investigated within semi-classical approximation and truncated-summation approach. It is shown that the critical temperature increases slightly at the first, and then decreases slowly with increasing external magnetic field. Charged spin-1 Bose gases present a crossover from diamagnetism to paramagnetism as the spin factor increases. Charged spin-1 Bose gases exhibit distinct thermodynamic behaviors from the spinless case.
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BRACCINI, V., D. MARRE', A. MOLLICA, G. GRASSANO, and A. S. SIRI. "DEPOSITION OF (Ba, La)CuO2/CaCuO2 SUPERCONDUCTING MULTILAYERS BY PULSED LASER ABLATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2000): 2713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002818.

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Superconducting multilayers, whose growth and structure are determined by the kinetic deposition instead by thermodynamics, are a powerful tool for investigating high T c superconductors (HTSC) properties. By means of Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), we grew such materials alternating infinite layer phases both pure and doped, to supply CuO 2 planes and charge reservoir (CR) blocks respectively. We found out that using chemically doped CR leads to a semiconducting behavior, whereas oxygen doping seems to be much more effective, since the BaCuO 2 infinite phase, grown in high oxygen partial pressure, does actually bring about a superconducting behavior. We deposited BaCuO 2/ CaCuO 2 superlattices with various periodicities and studied their transport and structural properties. By varying the deposition parameters, we reached both kinetic and thermodynamic growth and we observed semiconducting and superconducting behaviors.
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Gonzalez-Ayala, Julian, Moises Santillán, Maria Santos, Antonio Calvo Hernández, and José Mateos Roco. "Optimization and Stability of Heat Engines: The Role of Entropy Evolution." Entropy 20, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20110865.

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Local stability of maximum power and maximum compromise (Omega) operation regimes dynamic evolution for a low-dissipation heat engine is analyzed. The thermodynamic behavior of trajectories to the stationary state, after perturbing the operation regime, display a trade-off between stability, entropy production, efficiency and power output. This allows considering stability and optimization as connected pieces of a single phenomenon. Trajectories inside the basin of attraction display the smallest entropy drops. Additionally, it was found that time constraints, related with irreversible and endoreversible behaviors, influence the thermodynamic evolution of relaxation trajectories. The behavior of the evolution in terms of the symmetries of the model and the applied thermal gradients was analyzed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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Zhao, Yiqiang. "Thermodynamic and Dynamic Behaviors of Self-Organizing Polymeric Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1094190642.

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Sabatini, Benjamin J. "Chemical composition, thermodynamics, and recycling : the beginnings of predictive behavioral modeling for ancient copper-based systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:91a4426b-8232-4f85-a39b-69e6c01c327c.

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In their attempts to understand the unwritten past of human technology and progression, archaeologists have borrowed aspects of the natural sciences to answer big questions. In one such pursuit, fundamental aspects of the sciences have been employed towards the chemical compositional analysis of copper-based artifacts, often to simply classify which is bronze, brass, or pure copper, and to explain why they are significant in limited space and time. This thesis takes the variety of identified metal types and compositions from these analyses and builds the beginnings of an ambitious thermodynamic model based on the accepted premise of consistent and widespread recycling of ancient metals over time. Following the laws of thermodynamics, in systems at equilibrium, the model predicts the outcome of metal losses over the course of ancient pyrometallurgical processes from molten systems through both volatilization and oxidation using rigorous and established mathematics and theory. Elemental loss likelihoods are modeled for all binary copper-based metals, using activity coefficients, and ternary copper and zinc-based systems, with the excess Gibbs free energy, respectively. The calculations are performed using custom-written software designed to account for hundreds of thousands of compositional permutations after the method described by Redlich and Kister (1948). The results of these calculations are given as activity (binary) and isoactivity (ternary) contour lines. Quantified tables for the oxidation and volatilization of elements from a copper melt at 1200 ºC and 1 atm are also given as rough indicators of element loss in ancient pyrometallurgical systems. A proof of concept of the models viability is also provided for binary Cu-M and ternary Cu-M-Zn (M = Ag, As, Au, Bi, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn), Cu-Sn-Pb, and Cu-Sb-As systems from the Late Bronze Age to post-medieval periods in Britain, which is based on several substantial artifact chemical datasets. For each ternary system, the interaction parameters used for higher-order calculations from the fitted behavior of each contributing binary systems are provided. Comparison of the calculated models to available experimental system assessments, and to published archaeological chemical datasets, show that in both respects the proposed modeling of ancient copper-based metal losses works. And given the near ubiquity of ancient metal use around the world, the consistency in metal production and recycling technology, and the chemical analyses available, this preliminary model can be applied virtually anywhere the technology for smelting and recycling existed. In addition to loss modeling, this thesis has the additional offshoots of predicting ancient furnace conditions based on the calculated behavior of interacting metals, and of the controlling thermodynamic factors in the ancient calamine process.
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Lee, Won Peter. "The thermodynamic behavior of magnetite in non-ferrous smelting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0022/NQ50091.pdf.

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Goulko, Olga. "Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic behaviour of interacting Fermi gases." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/241497.

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Fermionic matter is ubiquitous in nature, from the electrons in metals and semiconductors or the neutrons in the inner crust of neutron stars, to gases of fermionic atoms, like 40K or 6Li that can be created and studied under laboratory conditions. It is especially interesting to study these systems at very low temperatures, where we enter the world of quantum mechanical phenomena. Due to the Fermi-Dirac statistics, a dilute system of spin-polarised fermions exhibits no interactions and can be viewed as an ideal Fermi gas. However, interactions play a crucial role for fermions of several spin species. This thesis addresses several questions concerning interacting Fermi gases, in particular the transition between the normal and the superfluid phase and dynamical properties at higher temperatures. First we will look at the unitary Fermi gas: a two-component system of fermions interacting with divergent scattering length. This system is particularly interesting as it exhibits universal behaviour. Due to the strong interactions perturbation theory is inapplicable and no exact theoretical description is available. I will describe the Determinant Diagrammatic Monte Carlo algorithm with which the unitary Fermi gas can be studied from first principles. This algorithm fails in the presence of a spin imbalance (unequal number of particles in the two components) due to a sign problem. I will show how to apply reweighting techniques to generalise the algorithm to the imbalanced case, and present results for the critical temperature and other thermodynamic observables at the critical point, namely the chemical potential, the energy per particle and the contact density. These are the first numerical results for the imbalanced unitary Fermi gas at finite temperature. I will also show how temperatures beyond the critical point can be accessed and present results for the equation of state and the temperature dependence of the contact density. At sufficiently high temperatures a semiclassical description captures all relevant physical features of the system. The dynamics of an interacting Fermi gas can then be studied via a numerical simulation of the Boltzmann equation. I will describe such a numerical setup and apply it to study the collision of two spin-polarised fermionic clouds. When the two components are separated in an elongated harmonic trap and then released, they collide and for sufficiently strong interactions can bounce off each other several times. I will discuss the different types of the qualitative behaviour, show how they can be interpreted in terms of the equilibrium properties of the system, and explain how they relate to the coupling between different excitation modes. I will also demonstrate how transport coefficients, for instance the spin drag, can be extracted from the numerical data.
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Lu, Xia. "Nonequilibrium thermodynamic models for the dynamic behavior of polycrystalline solids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12549.

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Iyer, Jaisree (Jaisree Kannan). "Modeling the micellization behavior of fluorosurfactants using molecular-thermodynamic theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81750.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-281).
Fluorinated surfactants are an important class of surfactants because they possess properties that are far superior than those of their hydrocarbon analogs. As a result, they are used in a wide variety of applications including in paints, polishes, fire-fighting foams, and emulsion polymerization processes. However, concerns regarding the non-biodegradability and toxicity of fluorinated surfactants have prompted the search for new, benign alternative surfactant formulations that possess micellization properties comparable to those of traditional fluorinated surfactants. With this need in mind, this thesis focuses on gaining a molecular-level understanding of the micellization behavior of traditional fluorinated surfactants, and then using the acquired knowledge to design novel surfactant formulations that can reduce the use of fluorinated surfactants. Molecular-thermodynamic (MT) models were developed to calculate the various contributions to the free energy of micellization for discoidal and biaxial ellipsoidal micelles; two important micelle shapes in the context of fluorocarbon-based surfactants. These models explicitly incorporate the effect of the position-dependent curvature associated with discs and biaxial ellipsoids. Comparison between the models developed here with those that do not explicitly account for the varying curvature shows that accounting for the position-dependent curvature is extremely important in modeling these two micelle shapes. The new MT model for the free energy of micellization is also used to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing biaxial ellipsoidal micelles, a result refuted in the past in many theoretical studies on the basis of average geometrical properties of the micelle. A new computer-simulation-molecular-thermodynamic (CSMT) framework was developed to predict the micellization behavior of mixtures of fluorocarbon-based surfactants. To facilitate the practical implementation of the mixture CSMT framework, which involves the computationally intensive task of simulating several mixed micelles, an approximation to the mixture CSMT model was developed. In this approximation, relevant properties for a mixed micelle are estimated using a micelle-composition based weighted average of the analogous properties obtained from simulations of the single-component surfactant micelles for each of the surfactants comprising the mixture. Therefore, in this approximation, the need for simulating mixed micelles is eliminated. The approximation was found to compare well with the mixture CSMT model for various binary surfactant mixtures considered, except for those containing alkyl ethoxylate surfactants. A rationalization of this finding is presented. CMC predictions made using the mixture CSMT model were found to compare very well with the experimental CMCs for several binary mixtures of linear surfactants, thereby laying the foundation for using the CSMT model to predict micellization properties of mixtures of surfactants that have a more complex chemical architecture. Finally, an MT framework was also developed to predict the micellization properties of mixtures of fluorocarbon-based and hydrocarbon-based surfactants. This mixing reduces the use of fluorinated surfactants in the surfactant formulation, thereby addressing the non-biodegradability and toxicity concerns associated with fluorinated surfactants. An enthalpy of mixing contribution resulting from the interactions between the fluorocarbon tails and the hydrocarbon tails, estimated using the Regular Solution Theory, was included in the MT framework. The ability of the MT framework to predict the coexistence of two types of mixed micelles in solution was demonstrated. The MT framework predictions of micelle population distributions, CMCs, and optimal micelle compositions were compared with the experimental values for various mixtures of fluorocarbon-based and hydrocarbon-based surfactants. The models developed in this thesis provide a molecular level understanding of the micellization behavior of fluorocarbon-based surfactants and their mixtures. The models are able to predict several important micellization properties of surfactants and their mixtures that can guide surfactant formulators in the synthesis, characterization, design, and optimization of surfactant formulations that exhibit desirable properties.
by Jaisree Iyer.
Ph.D.
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Zhong, Tingjun. "The thermodynamic behaviour and miscibility of discotic liquid crystals." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11833/.

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This thesis is concerned with the self-organization of molecules that have disc-like shapes. The disc-like molecules may have relatively rigid structures as in polyaromatic systems, or they may have amphiphilic structures with polyaromatics at their cores, and soft outer shells made up of aliphatic chains. This research seeks to explore molecular compatibility and the ensuing structures formed by such disc- like systems through the study of phase diagrams. Thus, the thermodynamic behaviour and miscibilities of discotic liquid crystal materials were investigated by the formation of Gibbs phase diagrams and calculations using the Schröder-van Laar equation for liquid crystals that have structural common features. Polyaromatics were reviewed and investigated as they are hard discs, and are as the central cores of the molecules that form discotic liquid crystals. Existing discotic materials, such as triphenylene hexa-esters, phenyl hexa-esters, phenyl hexa-alkynes, and rod-like compounds such as benzoate esters were studied and analysed using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction where appropriate, for the preparations of mixture studies. Mixture series made by triphenylene derivatives with each other, and with rod-like molecules or star-shape molecules were prepared and examined in order to investigate the potential co-miscibilities for both discotic nematic phase and hexagonal columnar phases. Mixture series made by triphenylene derivatives with polyaromatics were also prepared, and examined by POM and DSC to explore the virtual N-I phase transition temperatures for polyaromatics. These studies appear to show that nematic discotic materials are liquid crystals, whereas columnar materials exhibit 2D crystallinic soft solid phases. In addition, a novel new phase was found to form in the isotropic liquid of mixtures of polyaromatic materials, suggesting the possibility of the cubatic nematic phase being present.
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Neal, Colleen M. "Probing the thermodynamic behavior of metal cluster ions by mass spectrometry." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297103.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Chemistry Dept., 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 29, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0988. Adviser: Martin F. Jarrold.
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Draucker, Laura Christine. "Novel Solvent Systems for the Development of Sustainable Technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16188.

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Sustainable development in chemical engineering offers technical, industrially relevant solutions to environmental and economic issues. This work focuses on three specific issues; improving solvent selection and reducing costly experimentation, improving catalyst recovery while reducing reaction time, and producing commercial viable biofuels by cost effective pretreatments and valuable side product extractions. Novel solvent systems are a sustainable solution because they provide the ability to replace costly solvents with cheap, benign, and recyclable systems. Specifically, this work investigated the use of one novel solvent system, Gas Expanded Liquids (GXL).When a solvent is exposed to a gas in which it is miscible at modest pressures and temperatures, the liquid solvent becomes expanded, providing a unique tunable and reversible solvent with properties that can be much different then that of the solvent itself. If you apply this gas to a mixture of two liquids of a solid dissolved in a liquid phase, it can often provide a miscibility switch, aiding in separation, crystallization, and recovery of products or catalysts. In this work several different applications for organic solvents expanded with carbon dioxide were studied including miscibility switches for catalyst recycle, pretreatment of biomass for improved bio-ethanol production, and extraction of valuable chemicals from lignin waste in the pulp and paper industry. Solid solubility models to improve solvent selection and predict unique solvent mixtures during crystallization were also studied. The results reported here show promise for the use of GXL novel solvent systems and solid solubility models in many sustainable applications.
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Assis, Andre N. "The Phosphorus Reaction in Oxygen Steelmaking: Thermodynamic Equilibrium and Metal Droplet Behavior." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/464.

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Low phosphorus content steels are essential for steel applications where high ductility is required, such as thin sheets, deep drawn, pipelines and automobile exteriors. In the past, phosphorus control was not considered a big challenge in steel production in the US because iron ores with low phosphorus contents were readily available and considered cheap. However, in the last decade, the iron ore price has risen by roughly 400% and lower cost iron sources generally have higher phosphorus content. In integrated steel plants, phosphorus removal usually takes place during the oxygen steelmaking process (OSM) but in Japan a intermediate step for hot metal dephosphorization is commonly used. There are various types of OSM furnaces but the most widely used remains the top-blown Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF). The BOF slag can be recycled to a sinter plant or directly to the blast furnace, ultimately increasing the phosphorus input in the process. In order to meet new demands for phosphorus control, it is necessary to improve our understanding on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the phosphorus partitioning reaction between slag and metal melts during steelmaking. Therefore, the present work has been divided in three strongly correlated sections: phosphorus equilibrium between metal and slag; analysis of plant data; and observations of the reaction kinetics. Phosphorus equilibrium between liquid metal and slag has been extensively studied since the 1940's. It is well known that CaO and FeO are the main slag constituents that help promote dephosphorization. On the other hand, dephosphorization decreases with temperature due to the endothermic nature of the reaction. Many correlations have been developed to predict the phosphorus partition ratio as a function of metal and slag composition as well as temperature. Nevertheless, there are still disagreements in the laboratory data and the equilibrium phosphorus partition can be predicted with an uncertainty of a factor of up to 5. The first part of the present work focuses on generating more reliable equilibrium data for BOF-type slags by approaching equilibrium from both sides of the reaction. The experimental results were combined with two other sets of data from different authors to produce a new correlation that includes the effect of SiO2 on the phosphorus partition coefficient, LP . Although the quantification of phosphorus equilibrium is extremely important, most industrial furnaces do not operate at equilibrium, usually due to liquid slag formation, kinetics and time constraints. Thus, it is important to know how close to equilibrium different furnaces operate in order to suggest optimal slag compositions to promote dephosphorization. The present work analyzed four large sets of data containing the chemical compositions of both slag and metal phase as well as the tapping temperature of each heat. Each set of data corresponded to different furnaces: one AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization), two top-blown BOFs and one Q-BOP or OBM. It was found that the bulk slag composition can greatly \mask" the data due to solid phases coexisting with the liquid slag. The author used the software package FactSage to estimate the amount of solids in the slag and liquid slag composition. It was found that the AOD is the reactor closest to equilibrium, followed by the Q-BOP (OBM) and the two top-blown BOFs. It was noted that the stirring conditions and slag composition are two key variables to enable optimum phosphorus removal. Also, over saturating the slag with CaO and MgO does not seem to benefit the process to any extent. Lastly, interesting observations on the behavior of small metal droplets reacting with slag are presented and discussed. It was found that dynamic interfacial phenomena at the metal-slag interface is likely to play a significant role in the kinetic behavior of the system, due to the exchange of surface active elements, such as oxygen, which dramatically lowers the interfacial tension and cause spontaneous emulsification. Although this phenomenon has been studied, actual quantification of changes in interfacial area remain a challenge. The author developed an experimental method to enable better quantification of spontaneous emulsification and two sets of experiments were carried. One with an Fe containing 0.2 wt.% P and another in a P-free system where pure iron was oxidized. It was found that phosphorus did not play a role in spontaneous emulsification and it was rapidly removed before the onset of dynamic interfacial phenomena. Emulsificaion was maybe caused by de-oxidation of the metal after phosphorus removal took place and the metal became super saturated with oxygen by an unknown reason. The estimated surface area rapidly increases by over an order of magnitude during the beginning and intermediate periods of the reaction. The metal drop breaks into hundreds of small droplets, effectively emulsifying the metal into the slag. With time, the surface area decreases and the metal droplets coalesce. Similar results were observed for an Fe droplet being oxidized. Spontaneous emulsification takes place regardless of the direction of oxygen transfer and the changes in surface area are similar for both cases. The last chapter describes the industrial relevance of the present work, summarizes the findings, revisits the hypotheses and presents potential future work where further research is encouraged.
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Books on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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1975-, Michel M., and Mahler Günter, eds. Quantum thermodynamics: Emergence of thermodynamic behavior within composite quantum systems. New York: Springer, 2004.

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1975-, Michel M. (Mathias), and Mahler Günter, eds. Quantum thermodynamics: Emergence of thermodynamic behavior within composite quantum systems. 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer, 2009.

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Time's arrow: The origins of thermodynamic behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Mackey, Michael C. Time's arrow: The origins of thermodynamic behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Mackey, Michael C. Time’s Arrow: The Origins of Thermodynamic Behavior. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9524-9.

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H, Salje Ekhard K., and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Physical properties and thermodynamic behaviour of minerals. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1988.

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Salje, Ekhard K. H., ed. Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2891-6.

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Carlson, Donald E., and Yi-Chao Chen, eds. Advances in Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Material Behavior. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0728-3.

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library, Wiley online, ed. Critical behavior of non-ideal systems. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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Berdichevskiĭ, V. L. Thermodynamics of chaos and order. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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Gemmer, J., M. Michel, and G. Mahler. "16 Theories of Relaxation Behavior." In Quantum Thermodynamics, 165–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44513-5_16.

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Gemmer, J., M. Michel, and G. Mahler. "15 Sufficient Conditions for a Thermodynamic Behavior." In Quantum Thermodynamics, 159–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44513-5_15.

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Kuz, Víctor A. "Thermodynamic behavior of a stain." In Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, 237–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2149-7_16.

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Sirota, E. B., C. R. Safinya, G. S. Smith, R. Plano, D. Roux, and N. A. Clark. "Universal Behavior in Phospholipid Multimembrane Systems." In Geometry and Thermodynamics, 255–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3816-5_21.

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Artemenko, Sergey, Victor Mazur, and Olena Vasilieva. "Thermodynamic and Phase Behavior of Nanofluids." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 317–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20875-6_12.

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Lerma Valero, José R. "Thermodynamic Behavior of Plastics: PVT Graphs." In Plastics Injection Molding, 25–34. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569906903.002.

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Tasaki, S. "Thermodynamic Behavior of Large Dynamical Systems." In Dynamics of Dissipation, 395–412. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46122-1_17.

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Garland, C. W. "Critical Behavior of Polymorphic Smectic-A Liquid Crystals." In Geometry and Thermodynamics, 221–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3816-5_20.

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Araújo, Carlos Moysés, and Rajeev Ahuja. "Electronic Structure and High-Pressure Behavior of Solids." In Thermodynamic Properties of Solids, 269–90. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630417.ch7.

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Lal, Bhajan, Cornelius Borecho Bavoh, and Titus Ntow Ofei. "Thermodynamic Behaviour of Hydrates Drilling Muds." In SpringerBriefs in Petroleum Geoscience & Engineering, 73–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94130-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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Akimoto, M. "Behaviors of thermodynamic quantities of a noise-driven nonlinear oscillator." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764288.

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Huo, Pengwei, Chongyang Liu, and Chunhong Ma. "Study on the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of adsorption ciprofloxacin on porous carbon." In 4th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology (ICREET 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icreet-16.2017.17.

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Fito, Pedro J., Juan Angel Tomas-Egea, and Marta Castro-Giraldez. "Thermodynamic model of freeze-drying of poultry breast using infrared thermography." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7756.

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Food dehydration is one of a main process to preserve meal. In order to optimaze a freeze-drying operation a physic model is needed to well describe the thermodynamic behaviors involved in this process. In this work, a thermographic camera and different physico-chemical determinations are used to monitor many phenomena that occur during the lyophilization of poultry breast. Finally, a non-continuous irreversible thermodynamic model, based on thermal infrared measures and in shrinkage/swelling mechanism, has been developed, wich explains the behaviours produced throughout the meat freeze-drying process. Keywords: freeze-drying, thermodynamic model, infrared thermography, poultry.
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Jeong, Eunhwan, Byung Yun Kang, Soon Sam Hong, Dae Jin Kim, and Chang Ho Choi. "Investigation on the Pump Suction Performance and Thermodynamic Effects." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20062.

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Abstract The thermodynamic effects on the suction performance of a liquid oxygen (LOX) pump, observed during liquid rocket engine combustion tests, were investigated. Owing to the pump rotational speed and inlet pressure variation in the short duration of the engine starting, LOX pump head drops occurred occasionally depending on the initial pump inlet condition. Because the engine tests were performed at various inlet temperature and pressure settings of the LOX pump, the resulting suction performance behaviors of the LOX pump were varied. The critical cavitation number, at which the pump head drops 3%, was considered as the main parameter for representing the pump suction performance. The suction performance behaviors shown in the engine tests were investigated based on the classical theory of thermodynamic effects on cavitation. The LOX pump component test results in water, the LOX pump assembly suction performance test results in liquid nitrogen, and the J-2 LOX pump test results available in the open literature were used in the analysis and comparison. It was found that the critical cavitation number ratio of a pump could be expressed as a function of the thermodynamic parameter Σ*. For a given LOX pump flow condition, Stepanoff’s B-factor was almost constant at the specified head drop condition; as a result, Brennen’s time scale ratio βwas not constant but varying with Σ*. The argument of the geometrical similarity of pump cavitation at the critical condition of the pump head drop was addressed in conjunction with the constancy of Stepanoff B-factor.
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Domenikos, G.-R., E. Rogdakis, and I. Koronaki. "Thermodynamic Behavior and Equation of State for Cryogenic Helium 3-4 Mixtures." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70314.

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Abstract On this study the authors have derived and present an overall Equation of State for Helium 3 and Helium 4 mixtures. The point of the present study is to give equations that are usable for engineering low temperature applications such as dilution or Stirling refrigerators, without the need to make any approximations or having to use different models for different phase regions. The offered model uses all the existing data, experimental and theoretical, describing the different phases of the Helium 3-4 mixture. Additionally, to the pure data, in areas where no direct data exist the presented equations are such that they follow the expected and observed behaviors and in parallel continuously connecting the data refence points while being self-coherent and able to correlate the different thermodynamic values and their derivatives with each other. Furthermore, the effects of mixing properties in the total values have been studied and through the understanding and modeling of their behavior, combined with the equations of state for the pure isotopes the authors have been able to extend the range of the equations outside of any current models by offering a range from near absolute zero to over the lambda line of Helium 4. Because of its importance in applications also the osmotic pressure of the mixture has been included. Lastly in order to make the model more usable for thermodynamic cycles the thermodynamic maps have been created where one can directly foresee the expected behaviors without the need to run the calculations.
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Günay, Nergin. "Economic Science Considering with a Thermodynamic Perspective of a Physicist's Point of View." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01559.

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Economy is a discipline by means of its structure which closely interests all humanities live non-stop whether they are directly related or not which in a relationship with mathematic as calculations, psychology as searching investor behaviors, sociology as searching social events, philosophy as structural reviews of the created environment and many kind of disciplines more. In this study based on a survey of the relevant literature, the common features of economy with physics is a supporter in the recent years are revealed. Concept passed into world literature as Econophysics or alias Econphysics is defined. Econophysics is a study field tries to find solutions to economic problem by using physical methods. The main tool is used by the econophysics are statistical and probability methods are taken from statistical physics frequently. Information related to implementation of the laws of thermodynamics which is the branch dealing with the energy and physical energy exchange economic problems are given. The laws of thermodynamics have a very general validity and they do not change depending on the characteristics of the studied system. In this regard, how thermodynamic physics are applied into economics practices are given in detail.
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Ning, Lian, Chenn Q. Zhou, and Jiemin Zhou. "Numerical Simulation of the Thermodynamic Process of the Molten Salt Furnace." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58119.

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In this paper, a numerical model of the thermodynamic process was developed, by using CFD (software) technique and considering the gas flow, the diffused combustion and the radiative heat transfer in the molten salt furnace. This model aims to optimize the operating parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the performances of the salt furnace can be improved by optimization. The temperatures along the fire wall circumference are quite even, and the deviant combustion phenomenon is not observed. A back-flow formed in the upper part of the furnace chamber enhances the circulation and the mixing of the gas, helping to effectively stabilize the combustion in the furnace. The behaviors of CO, CO2, NOx and H2O are presented in terms of the gas flow, temperature distribution and volumetric concentration distribution. The furnace with the constant air flow rate of 15500Nm3/h and the angle of guide vane at 48∼50 ° can increase the combustion effectiveness.
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Hanawa, Kirk. "Thermodynamic Performance Analyses of Mixed Gas-Steam Cycle (1): Performance Prediction Method." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-117.

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There are various papers relevant to the improvement ideas of gas turbine cycles, which in general discuss only optimum one-point cycle analysis.*1,*2,*6 It is, accordingly, unclear whether such improvement concepts can be applied into existing gas turbines or not. It might be difficult to incorporate such ideas, in the case of yielding significant changes for operation modes. And it may be essential to assess improvement ideas, from view points of applicability to existing gas turbine models.*3 This paper introduces the performance analysis method of simplified small perturbation procedure, showing thermodynamic behaviors based upon the component characteristics, and resultant influences due to settled operation parameters, like ambient temperature & pressure, turbine inlet temperature, etc. The established method might be used as a rule of thumb for the performance prediction when introducing water and/or steam injection into GTs, where operational parameters’ changes are defined under multi-linear differential equations. This is easy to compile in the computer as Lotus 1-2-3 or Exel to evaluate whether every parameter is within the limit or not, offering very helpful performance evaluation tool for the conceptual design stage.
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Hanawa, Kirk. "Thermodynamic Performance Analyses of Mixed Gas-Steam Cycle (2): A Case Study of Aeroderivative Gas Turbine." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-118.

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There are a plenty of proposals to aim the gas turbine cycle thermal efficiency of 60%, such as “Steam-Cooled H-Tech. Combined Cycle”, “Methanol Conversion Regenerative Gas Turbine”, “Kalina Cycle” etc.*1, *2, *4, *5, *6, *7 This paper discusses the predicted performance behaviors of an assumed aircraft-derivative GT of 60MW, when applying into mixed gas-steam cycles like STIG, ISTIG(Intercooled Steam Injection GT) with reasonable minor modifications from the assumed gas turbine. By making case studies of steam-injected binary cycles according to the established analyses method in Part (1), typical calculation results for getting 60% efficiency are presented. The water-injected at LPC, ISTIG cycle is equivalent or superior to other improvement ideas, offering several features listed below. 1) Unnecessary to have a bottoming cycle, saving a lot of investment for the related equipment 2) Quick and stable response for changing duty load, by injecting metered water and steam without air holding vessels like water-cooled heat exchangers
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Bai, Bo, Yuanyuan Li, Zhigang Li, and Jun Li. "Development of a Transient Test Facility for Evaluating the Aerothermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine Cascades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82573.

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Abstract The paper presents the detailed design and benchmarking measurements for a transient linear cascade test facility with a bypass line. The test facility includes an experiment measurements line, a linear test section cascade, a bypass line and an exhaust line, and the quasi-steady-state aerodynamic and transient thermodynamic measurements can be conducted in this test facility. The linear cascade holds up 6 equally spaced cascade profiles, forming 5 completed cascade passages, and the center passage is used for aerodynamic and thermodynamic experiment measurements. Up to 2.4 kg/s of air is continuously supplied by four compressors, thus the quasi-steady-state aerodynamic test can be conducted. For a transient thermodynamic test, the mainstream is heated by a 150 kW heater and discharged to the atmosphere through a bypass line. After reaching the steady state, the bypass flow can be turned to enter the test line within 1.5 s by a control system. A significant step change of mainstream temperature is achieved in this way. A wide range of geometries and flow conditions investigations can be performed in this test facility, due to the special design of the pitch adjustment section and rotatable platform. An optical access window installed on the turntable can provide instrumentation access for Infrared (IR) measurements, laser-based measurements and visualization measurements. The benchmarking measurements at various exit Mach number (Ma) and incidence angles (β), are used to verify the aerodynamic and thermodynamic measurements performance of this transient test facility. Results show that the desired aerodynamic behaviors and a significantly transient step change (less than 1 s) of mainstream temperature are observed during the benchmark test duration. The long-time quasi-steady-state aerodynamic and transient thermodynamic measurements can be reliably conducted in this transient test facility.
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Reports on the topic "Thermodynamic behaviors"

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Nowok, J. W., and J. P. Hurley. Thermodynamic modeling of volatile hazardous metal behavior in the Vortec Vitrification System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774500.

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Ziemniak, S. E. Solubility behavior of quartz and corundum in supercritical water: A quantitative thermodynamic interpretation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69332.

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Tsakalakos, T., S. Semenovskaya-Khachaturyan, and A. G. Khachaturyan. Progress report on DOE research project [Thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of systems with intermetallic and intermediate phases]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809877.

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Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.

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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin and other chelating agents by 55Fe labeling. Ferric complexes of rhizoferrin, desferri-ferrioxamine-B (DFOB), and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) were found to be stable in nutrient solution at pH 7.5 for 31 days, while ferric complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mugineic acid (MA) lost 50% of the chelated Fe within 2 days. Fe-Ca exchange in Ca solutions at pH 8.7 revealed rhizoferrin to hold Fe at non-equilibrium state for 3-4 weeks at 3.3 mM Ca and for longer periods at lower Ca concentrations. EDTA lost the ferric ion at a faster rate under the same conditions. Fe extraction from freshly prepared Fe-hydroxide at pH 8.7 and with 3.2 mM Ca was slow and followed the order. DFOB > EDDHA > MA > rhizoferrin > EDTA. Based on these results we suggest that a kinetic rather than equilibrium approach should be the basis for predictions of Fe-chelates efficiency. We conclude that the non-equilibrium state of rhizoferrin is of crucial importance for its behavior as a Fe carrier to plants.
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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.
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