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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermo-osmosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

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1

Chen, Weiqiang, Majid Sedighi, and Andrey P. Jivkov. "Thermo-osmosis in silica nanochannels." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 9, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v09.cpeg150.

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2

Zhai, Xinle, and Kamelia Atefi-Monfared. "Impact of local thermal non-equilibrium on temporal thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in low permeable porous media." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 09012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509012.

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The thermo-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) response of low permeable media is of crucial significance in thermal fracturing for production of unconventional shale oil, enhanced geothermal systems, and waste disposal. During such processes, pore pressures and stresses change in a spatiotemporal manner due to hydraulic and thermal loadings. From the viewpoint of the energy balance equation, the available theoretical studies can be classified as local thermal equilibrium (LTE), and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) models. LTE models consider identical temperature for different phase of the porous system. LTNE models allow different temperature variations in solid and fluid phases of a porous medium. Current LTNE studies are weakly-coupled – not incorporating thermo-osmosis. This paper presents novel coupled LTNE thermo-poroelastic solutions in a transversely isotropic saturated porous medium, incorporating thermo- osmosis effect. Solutions are obtained for permeable and impermeable boundaries. Thermo-osmosis is found to have a very different effect in case of LTNE versus LTE, resulting in a fundamentally different THM response. LTNE effect analysis reveals different THM responses under different heat transfer properties at the solid-fluid interface in low permeable strata.

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3

Chen, Wei Qiang, Majid Sedighi, and Andrey P. Jivkov. "Thermo-osmosis in hydrophilic nanochannels: mechanism and size effect." Nanoscale 13, no. 3 (2021): 1696–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06687g.

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Mechanistic understanding of thermo-osmosis at nano scale is linked with non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the phenomenon. Fluid molecules at the boundary layers of solid surfaces experience a driving force which generates thermo-osmotic flow.

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4

Cho, Yeonsu, and Hyo Kang. "Influence of the anionic structure and central atom of a cation on the properties of LCST-type draw solutes for forward osmosis." RSC Advances 12, no. 45 (2022): 29405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05131a.

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5

Proesmans, Karel, and Daan Frenkel. "Comparing theory and simulation for thermo-osmosis." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 12 (September 28, 2019): 124109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5123164.

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6

Yang, Yang, Klaus Guerlebeck, and Tom Schanz. "Thermo-Osmosis Effect in Saturated Porous Medium." Transport in Porous Media 104, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0332-5.

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7

Savić-Šević, Svetlana, Dejan Pantelić, Branka Murić, Dušan Grujić, Darko Vasiljević, Branko Kolaric, and Branislav Jelenković. "Thermo-osmotic metamaterials with large negative thermal expansion." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 26 (2021): 8163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01028j.

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8

Fernández-Pineda, Cristóbal, and M. Isabel Vázquez-González. "Temperature dependence of thermo-osmosis. A solution model." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 85, no. 5 (1989): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19898501019.

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9

Ash, Richard, Richard M. Barrer, A. Vernon Edge, Terence Foley, and Christopher L. Murray. "Thermo-osmosis of sorbable gases in porous media." Journal of Membrane Science 76, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)87001-r.

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10

Kamio, Eiji, Hiroki Kurisu, Tomoki Takahashi, Atsushi Matsuoka, Tomohisa Yoshioka, Keizo Nakagawa, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane at High Temperature for Water Recovery and Regeneration from Thermo-Responsive Ionic Liquid-Based Draw Solution for Efficient Forward Osmosis." Membranes 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080588.

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Forward osmosis (FO) membrane process is expected to realize energy-saving seawater desalination. To this end, energy-saving water recovery from a draw solution (DS) and effective DS regeneration are essential. Recently, thermo-responsive DSs have been developed to realize energy-saving water recovery and DS regeneration. We previously reported that high-temperature reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was effective in recovering water from a thermo-responsive ionic liquid (IL)-based DS. In this study, to confirm the advantages of the high-temperature RO operation, thermo-sensitive IL-based DS was treated by an RO membrane at temperatures higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the DS. Tetrabutylammonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenznenesulfonate ([N4444][TMBS]) with an LCST of 58 °C was used as the DS. The high-temperature RO treatment was conducted at 60 °C above the LCST using the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS-lean phase after phase separation. Because the [N4444][TMBS]-based DS has a significantly temperature-dependent osmotic pressure, the DS-lean phase can be concentrated to an osmotic pressure higher than that of seawater at room temperature (20 °C). In addition, water can be effectively recovered from the DS-lean phase until the DS concentration increased to 40 wt%, and the final DS concentration reached 70 wt%. From the results, the advantages of RO treatment of the thermo-responsive DS at temperatures higher than the LCST were confirmed.

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11

Li, Ji, Rui Long, Bo Zhang, Ronggui Yang, Wei Liu, and Zhichun Liu. "Nano Heat Pump Based on Reverse Thermo-osmosis Effect." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11, no. 22 (September 29, 2020): 9856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02475.

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12

Zagorščak, Renato, Majid Sedighi, and Hywel R. Thomas. "Effects of Thermo-Osmosis on Hydraulic Behavior of Saturated Clays." International Journal of Geomechanics 17, no. 3 (March 2017): 04016068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000742.

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13

Hartanto, Yusak, Seonho Yun, Bo Jin, and Sheng Dai. "Functionalized thermo-responsive microgels for high performance forward osmosis desalination." Water Research 70 (March 2015): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.023.

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14

Zhou, Y., R. K. N. D. Rajapakse, and J. Graham. "A coupled thermoporoelastic model with thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration." International Journal of Solids and Structures 35, no. 34-35 (December 1998): 4659–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(98)00089-4.

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15

Ou, Ranwen, Yaqin Wang, Huanting Wang, and Tongwen Xu. "Thermo-sensitive polyelectrolytes as draw solutions in forward osmosis process." Desalination 318 (June 2013): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.03.022.

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16

Al-Alawy, Ahmed Faiq, and Ramy Mohamed Al – Alawy. "Thermal Osmosis of Mixtures of Water and Organic Compounds through Different Membranes." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.2.7.

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The present work aimed to study the efficiency of thermal osmosis process for recovery of water from organic wastewater solution and study the factors affecting the performance of the osmosis cell. The driving force in the thermo osmosis cell is provided by a difference in temperature across the membrane sides between the draw and feed solution. In this research used a cellulose triacetate (CTA), as flat sheet membranes for treatment of organic wastewater under orientation membrane of active layer facing feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is placed against the support layer. The organic materials were phenol, toluene, xylene and BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) used as feed solution. The osmotic agent in draw solution was sodium chloride salt. The membranes have high rejection percentage for NaCl and organic materials. In this research, the operating conditions that have been studied are: temperature of draw and feed solution (18 – 45 °C) and the operating time of process was (0 – 3) hours. It was found that water flux in thermal osmosis process increases with increasing temperature of draw and feed solution ( by average ratio 1:2), and decreases with increasing operating time.

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17

Rathna, Ravichandran, and Ekambaram Nakkeeran. "Performance of High Molecular Weight Osmotic Solution for Opuntia Betacyanin Concentration by Forward Osmosis." Current Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550108666191025112221.

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Background: Forward osmosis is a sustainable membrane process employed for concentrating thermo-sensitive compounds to minimize storage and transportation costs with improved shelf life. Objective: In this study, the intervention of high molecular weight osmotic agents in the concentration of Opuntia betacyanin using forward osmosis was studied. Furthermore, the statistical model was used to estimate the probabilistic behavior of the forward osmosis process during concentration. Method: By using 2k-full factor analysis, the hydrodynamic variables, such as flow rate (50 and 150 mL/min) and temperature (20 and 50ºC) of the feed solution and osmotic agent solution (OAS) were selected. The study focused on inquiring and developing a statistically significant mathematical model using four independent variables on transmembrane flux, concentration factor and concentrate recovery. Results: Betacyanin feed flow rate of 50 mL/min at 28ºC, and OAS flow rate of 150 mL/min at 50ºC were determined as optimal conditions with a 2.5-fold increase in total soluble solids for a processing time of 4 h. Furthermore, forward osmosis enhanced the betacyanin concentration from 898 to 1004 mg/L and 98.7% recovery with 0.40 L/m2h transmembrane flux with comparable improvement in its physicochemical characteristics. The lower p-value of the main effects on the responses validated the significance of the process parameters on betacyanin concentration. Conclusion: The study suggested that a high molecular weight sucrose could be used as an osmotic agent for the concentration of Opuntia betacyanin during forward osmosis.

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18

Yuan, Ziwen, Yanxi Yu, Li Wei, Cheng Wang, Xia Zhong, Xiao Sui, Zixun Yu, Dong Suk Han, Hokyong Shon, and Yuan Chen. "Thermo-osmosis-Coupled Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle for Efficient Lithium Extraction." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 5 (January 26, 2021): 6276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20464.

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19

Imai, Yusuke. "Network Representation of Power Coupling Complex Phenomena: Thermoelectricity and Thermo-osmosis." membrane 21, no. 4 (1996): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.21.254.

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20

Wang, Xin, Maochang Liu, Dengwei Jing, Abdulmajeed Mohamad, and Oleg Prezhdo. "Net Unidirectional Fluid Transport in Locally Heated Nanochannel by Thermo-osmosis." Nano Letters 20, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 8965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04331.

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21

Lin, Hai, Jingen Deng, Xiaocheng Zhang, and Jiajia Gao. "Porothermoelastic Response of a Borehole in Fluid-Saturated Medium Subjected to Thermal Osmosis Effect." Geofluids 2023 (May 22, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4030804.

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With the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling process considered, this paper derives a set of analytical porothermoelastic solutions to field variables including the stress, displacement, and pore pressure fields to evaluate the wellbore stability around a vertical borehole drilled through an isotropic porous rock. The thermal effect on the wellbore stability of the low-permeability saturated rock also introduces the thermal osmosis term. The wellbore problem is decomposed into axisymmetric and deviatoric loading cases considering the borehole subjected to a nonhydrostatic stress field. It obtains the time-dependent distributions of field variables by performing the inversion technique for Laplace transforms to the porothermoelastic solutions in the Laplace domain. The results suggest that the thermal osmosis effect should not be neglected on the premise that a lower permeability porous rock is characterized by the substantially large thermal osmotic coefficient and the small thermal diffusivity values. The case that the thermal osmosis effect reduces the undrained loading effect leads to the decrease of the mean shear stress that is determined by the effective maximum and minimum stress around a borehole, since, and accordingly contributes to the wellbore stability to resist the shear failure.

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22

Wang, Xin, Maochang Liu, Dengwei Jing, and Oleg Prezhdo. "Generating Shear Flows without Moving Parts by Thermo-osmosis in Heterogeneous Nanochannels." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 12, no. 41 (October 11, 2021): 10099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02795.

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23

Villaluenga, J. P. G., B. Seoane, V. M. Barragán, and C. Ruiz-Bauzá. "Thermo-osmosis of mixtures of water and methanol through a Nafion membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 274, no. 1-2 (April 2006): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.08.010.

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24

Dedes, D., and D. Woermann. "Convective gas flow in plant aeration and thermo-osmosis: a model experiment." Aquatic Botany 54, no. 2-3 (July 1996): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(96)01039-x.

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25

Liu, Jinjin, Chuanqin Yao, Wenbo Su, and Yizhe Zhao. "Research Progress on the Influence of Thermo-Chemical Effects on the Swelling Pressure of Bentonite." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2023): 5580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095580.

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The swelling pressure of bentonite changes dramatically due to diffused nuclear radiation heat and underground osmosis, causing the failure of the buffer isolation layer in deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. A detailed overview of the relevant research results on the swelling pressure variation of bentonite under thermo-chemical effects is presented in this paper. The results showed that the values of the swelling pressure obtained by different test methods are dissimilar. The swelling pressure of bentonite decreased with the increasing pore solution concentration; nevertheless, the effect of temperature on the swelling pressure is still controversial. At the micro-level, crystal layer swelling and double- layer swelling are generally considered to be the main factors affecting the swelling pressure; the pore structure and water distribution of bentonite will change owing to thermo-chemical effects. At the macro-level, involving intergranular stress, a mechanical parameter was proposed to explain the mechanism of the changes in the swelling pressure of bentonite. Finally, future research directions for the study of the evolution of bentonite swelling properties under thermo-chemical effects are proposed, based on the current research results.

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26

Mai, Van-Phung, Wei-Hao Huang, and Ruey-Jen Yang. "Charge Regulation and pH Effects on Thermo-Osmotic Conversion." Nanomaterials 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162774.

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Thermo-osmotic energy conversion using waste heat is one of the approaches to harvesting sustainable energy and reducing associated environmental impacts simultaneously. In principle, ions transport through a charged nanopore membrane under the effect of a thermal gradient, inducing a different voltage between two sides of the membrane. Recent publications mainly reported novel materials for enhancing the thermoelectric voltage in response to temperature difference, the so-called Seebeck coefficient. However, the effect of the surface charge distribution along nanopores on thermo-osmotic conversion has not been discussed yet. In this paper, a numerical simulation based on the Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations, Navier–Stokes equations, and heat transfer equations is carried out to consider the effect of surface charge-regulation density and pH of KCl solutions on the Seebeck coefficient. The results show that the highest ionic Seebeck coefficient of −0.64 mV/K is obtained at 10−4 M KCl solution and pH 9. The pH level and pore structure also reveal a strong effect on the thermo-osmotic performance. Moreover, the pH level at one reservoir is varied from 5 to 9, while the pH of 5 is fixed at the other reservoir to investigate the pH effect on the thermos-osmosis ion transport. The results confirm the feasibility that using the pH can enhance the thermo-osmotic conversion for harvesting osmotic power from low-grade heat energy.

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27

Yu, Sanchuan, Zhihai Chen, Jingqun Liu, Guohua Yao, Meihong Liu, and Congjie Gao. "Intensified cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes by thermo-responsive polymer (TRP)." Journal of Membrane Science 392-393 (March 2012): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.025.

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28

Wang, Yanni, Hairong Yu, Rui Xie, Kuangmin Zhao, Xiaojie Ju, Wei Wang, Zhuang Liu, and Liangyin Chu. "An easily recoverable thermo-sensitive polyelectrolyte as draw agent for forward osmosis process." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 24, no. 1 (January 2016): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2015.11.015.

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29

Zeitoun, Obida, Jamel Orfi, Salah Ud-Din Khan, and Hany AlAnsary. "Desalinated Water Costs from Steam, Combined, and Nuclear Cogeneration Plants Using Power and Heat Allocation Methods." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062752.

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This work presents a detailed thermo-economic analysis of unit water costs from dual-purpose cogeneration plants. The power levelized cost was first calculated for stand-alone steam, nuclear, and combined-cycle power plants. The cost of energy needed to operate the desalination systems connected to power plants was evaluated based on two different approaches: power- and heat-allocated methods. Numerical models based on the heat and mass balances of the power and desalination plants’ components were developed and validated. Comprehensive and updated data generated using Desaldata libraries were correlated to estimate the capital, labor, overhead, and maintenance costs for different desalination systems. The levelized water cost produced by multi-effect distillation, multi-effect distillation with vapor compression, multi-stage flash, and reverse osmosis systems connected to different power plants was estimated. The impact of various controlling parameters, including the price of natural gas, nuclear power plant installation cost, and the desalination capacity on water cost, was investigated. For all simulated cases, the levelized water cost evaluated using the heat-allocated method was found to be lower by 25–30% compared to that estimated using the power-allocated method. The cost of water produced using reverse osmosis remains below that produced by other desalination technologies. However, using the heat-allocated method to estimate the levelized water cost narrows the gap between the costs of water produced by multi-effect distillation and that produced by seawater reverse osmosis. The results also show that the use of the multi-effect distillation process in a cogeneration configuration rather than multi-effect distillation with vapor compression can result in a lower water cost. The profit analysis shows slight differences between the profit of a power plant connected to a reverse osmosis system and the profit of a power plant connected to a plain multi-effect distillation system.

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30

Zin, Moh Moh, Areej Alsobh, Arijit Nath, Attila Csighy, and Szilvia Bánvölgyi. "Concentrations of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Peel and Flesh Extracts by Reverse Osmosis Membrane." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 6360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136360.

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The objective of this investigation was to concentrate betalains, phenolics, and antioxidants from the extract of peel and flesh of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Thin-film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane composed of the thick polyamide barrier layer, microporous polysulfone interlayer, and polyester support web was used in membrane module. In a later exercise, thermo-instability of betalain color compounds was investigated with different temperatures. After the filtration of the aqueous extract of flesh, betacyanins, betaxanthins, and total betalains were increased by 5.2, 6.1, and 5.5 times, respectively. Likewise, the mentioned bioactive compounds were increased by 3.7, 4.9, and 4.2 times after filtration of the aqueous extract of peel. The amounts of total betalains measured in the final flesh extract were two times lower (14.33 ± 0.15 mg·g−1 dm) compared to the peel concentrate (30.02 ± 0.28 mg·g−1 dm). The superior amount of phenolic was shown in the final flesh extract (34.47 ± 0.19 mg GAE·g−1 dm) compared to peel extract (12.74 ± 0.42 mg GAE·g−1 dm). The antioxidant activity in final beetroot peel extract and flesh extract were 24.65 ± 1.42 mg ASE·g−1 dm and 11.6 ± 0.1 mg ASE·g−1 dm, respectively. The recovery of thermo-sensitive bio-colorants was achieved by membrane filtration with the least thermal degradation.

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31

Zhu, Bin, Zhigang Ye, Lujun Wang, Wenjie Xu, Deqiong Kong, Thomas Nagel, Olaf Kolditz, and Yunmin Chen. "Theoretical Investigation into Thermo-Osmosis and Thermofiltration Effects on Hydromechanical Behavior of Saturated Soils." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 147, no. 4 (April 2021): 04021005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001905.

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32

Abdullah, Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Muhammad Suhaimi Man, Syamsul B. Abdullah, and Syed Mohd Saufi. "A glance on thermo-responsive ionic liquids as draw solution in forward osmosis system." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 206 (2020): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26317.

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33

Hajabdollahi, Zahra, and Kyung Chun Kim. "Thermo-economic assessment of reverse osmosis desalination system driven by the organic Rankine cycle." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 238 (2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27777.

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34

Kim, Jin-joo, Jae-Seung Chung, Hyo Kang, Yun Ah Yu, Won Jae Choi, Hee Joong Kim, and Jong-Chan Lee. "Thermo-responsive copolymers with ionic group as novel draw solutes for forward osmosis processes." Macromolecular Research 22, no. 9 (September 2014): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-014-2142-6.

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35

Abdullah, Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Nur Aisyah Shafie, Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman, and Syamsul B. Abdullah. "Performance Evaluation of Forward Osmosis Membranes for Desalination Applications." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 51, no. 2 (March 29, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.026.

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Forward osmosis (FO) has become a technology with great potential for numerous applications, including water desalination. One of the critical factors in determining the FO performance is the selection of the appropriate membrane material that compatible with draw solution. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) and aquaporin-based membranes, as well as a fabricated PES/PVP membrane, were used, with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) as the thermo-responsive ionic liquid (TRIL) draw solution. The bench scale of FO system was setup upon co-currently flow rate of 60.0 mL/ min at room temperature. The 7 % PVP with 15 % PES had the best performance, with the highest water flux (Jw) (4.93 LMH), lowest reverse solute diffusion (RSD) (0.43 gMH). The fabricated membrane demonstrated a significantly higher performance compared to the commercial aquaporin-based FO membrane, with an improvement of approximately 60%.

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36

Ju, Changha, Chanhyuk Park, Taehyung Kim, Shinwoo Kang, and Hyo Kang. "Thermo-responsive draw solute for forward osmosis process; poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics." RSC Advances 9, no. 51 (2019): 29493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04020j.

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37

Ali, Saqib, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Wisal Muhammad Khan, Sarah Abdul Razak, Sana Wahab, Aqsa Hafeez, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash, and Peter Poczai. "The Effects of Osmosis and Thermo-Priming on Salinity Stress Tolerance in Vigna radiata L." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912924.

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A plant’s response to osmotic stress is a complex phenomenon that causes many abnormal symptoms due to limitations in growth and development or even the loss of yield. The current research aimed to analyze the agronomical, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms accompanying the acquisition of salt resistance in the Vigna radiata L. variety ‘Ramzan’ using seed osmo- and thermopriming in the presence of PEG-4000 and 4 °C under induced salinity stresses of 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Seeds were collected from CCRI, Nowshera, and sowing was undertaken in triplicate at the Department of Botany, Peshawar University, during the 2018–2019 growing season. Rhizospheric soil pH (6.0), E.C (2.41 ds/m), field capacity, and moisture content level were estimated in the present study. We observed from the estimated results that the agronomic characteristics, i.e., shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight in T9 (4oC + 150 mM NaCl), root fresh weight and root dry weight in T4 (PEG + 100 mM NaCl), shoot moisture content in T5 (PEG + 100 mM NaCl), and root moisture content in T6 (PEG + 150 mM NaCl) were the highest, followed by the lowest in T1 (both shoot and root fresh weights) and T2 (shoot and root dry weights). Similarly, the shoot moisture content was the maximum in T5 and the minimum in T6, and root moisture was the highest in T6. We observed from the estimated results that agronomical parameters including dry masses (T4, T6, T4), leaf area index, germination index, leaf area, total biomass, seed vigor index under treatment T9, and relative water content and water use efficiency during T5 and T6 were the highest. Plant physiological traits such as proline, SOD enhanced by T1, carotenoids in treatment T2, and chlorophyll and protein levels were the highest under treatment T4, whereas sugar and POD were highest under treatments T7 and T8. The principal component analysis enclosed 63.75% of the total variation among all biological components. These estimated results confirmed the positive resistance by Vigna radiata during osmopriming (PEG) and thermopriming (4 °C) on most of the features with great tolerance under a low-saline treatment such as T4 (PEG), T5 (PEG + 100 mM NaCl), T7 (4 °C), and T8 (4 °C + 100 mM NaCl), while it was susceptible in the case of T6 (PEG + 150 mM NaCl) and T9 (4 °C + 150 mM NaCl) to high salt application. We found that the constraining impact of several priming techniques improved low salinity, which was regarded as economically inexpensive and initiated numerous metabolic processes in plants, hence decreasing germination time. The current study will have major applications for combatting the salinity problem induced by climate change in Pakistan.

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38

Bendoy, Anelyn P., Hana G. Zeweldi, Myoung Jun Park, Ho Kyong Shon, Hern Kim, Wook-Jin Chung, and Grace M. Nisola. "Thermo-responsive hydrogel with deep eutectic mixture co-monomer as drawing agent for forward osmosis." Desalination 542 (November 2022): 116067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.116067.

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39

Wang, Gang, Yiwei Ma, and Wei Chen. "Molecular level study of carbon isotope fractionation in Knudsen number flows induced by thermo-osmosis." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 174 (April 2022): 107441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107441.

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Kim, Soowhan, and M. M. Mench. "Investigation of temperature-driven water transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cell: Thermo-osmosis in membranes." Journal of Membrane Science 328, no. 1-2 (February 2009): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.043.

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41

Ash, Richard, Richard M. Barrer, A. Vernon, J. Edge, and Terence Foley. "Thermo-osmosis of sorbable gases in porous media. Part IV. Mixture separation by two procedures1." Journal of Membrane Science 125, no. 1 (March 5, 1997): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(96)00109-3.

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Chen, XiaoHui, William Pao, and Xikui Li. "Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model with consideration of thermal-osmosis based on modified mixture theory." International Journal of Engineering Science 64 (March 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2012.12.005.

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Kim, Jin-joo, Hyo Kang, Yong-Seok Choi, Yun Ah Yu, and Jong-Chan Lee. "Thermo-responsive oligomeric poly(tetrabutylphosphonium styrenesulfonate)s as draw solutes for forward osmosis (FO) applications." Desalination 381 (March 2016): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.11.013.

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Song, Zhu, Fayun Liang, and Shengli Chen. "Thermo-osmosis and mechano-caloric couplings on THM responses of porous medium under point heat source." Computers and Geotechnics 112 (August 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.04.011.

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Luo, Qizhao, Junxian Pei, Panfeng Yun, Xuejiao Hu, Bin Cao, Kunpeng Shan, Bin Tang, et al. "Simultaneous water production and electricity generation driven by synergistic temperature-salinity gradient in thermo-osmosis process." Applied Energy 351 (December 2023): 121810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121810.

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46

Zhou, Jianxing, Xiaoqi Dai, Boliang Jia, Junle Qu, Ho-Pui Ho, Bruce Zhi Gao, Yonghong Shao, and Jiajie Chen. "Nanorefrigerative tweezers for optofluidic manipulation." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 16 (April 18, 2022): 163701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086855.

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Abstract:

Plasmonic optical tweezers with the ability to manipulate nano-sized particles or molecules that are beyond the diffraction limit have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, plasmonic heat generation always limits its applications in capturing particles or biomacromolecules that are vulnerable to high temperatures. Here, we propose nanorefrigerative tweezers based on a single refrigerative nanocrystal, which can form a nanometer-sized cold-spot via anti-Stokes fluorescence. Numerical simulations are performed to compute the temperature and velocity fields. The results show that thermo-osmosis and thermophoresis play major roles in nanoparticle manipulation, while natural convection in the nanoscale is negligible. This tweezing scheme not only offers a sub-diffraction-limit way to manipulate nano-objects but also avoids possible thermal damage to the trapped targets. Therefore, it will potentially become a powerful tool in biomedical and biosensing research studies.

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Gonçalvès, Julio, Ghislain de Marsily, and Joachim Tremosa. "Importance of thermo-osmosis for fluid flow and transport in clay formations hosting a nuclear waste repository." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 339-340 (July 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.032.

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Liu, Jian, and Wei Cao. "Driving Water through Sub-2-Nanometer Carbon Nanotubes." Lubricants 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2024): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12060220.

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The ultra-low friction observed between water and carbon nanotubes has been extensively reported recently. In this study, we delve into the factors influencing the liquid–solid friction, including surface properties such as surface wettability and roughness of carbon nanotubes, as well as the driving forces involving temperature gradient and pressure drop. Utilizing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations on carbon nanotube models with a diameter of ~1 nm, we observe a significant increase in water flux within a specific range of wettability, independent of roughness. This range is expected to shift to smaller values with increased pressure drop and temperature gradient. Both the mechanical transport coefficient and the thermo-osmosis coefficient exhibit a negative correlation with wettability, and roughness further decreases these coefficients. Through this work, we provide insights into the effects of surface properties on fluid transport through nanopores, contributing valuable information for the optimization of high-performance membrane processes.

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Bacha, Habib Ben, Abdelkader Saad Abdullah, Mutabe Aljaghtham, Reda S. Salama, Mohamed Abdelgaied, and Abd Elnaby Kabeel. "Thermo-Economic Assessment of Photovoltaic/Thermal Pan-Els-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination Unit Combined with Preheating Using Geothermal Energy." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083408.

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Abstract:

Recently, the reverse osmosis (RO) process is widely used in the field of desalinating brackish water and seawater to produce freshwater, but the disadvantage of using this technology is the increase in the rates of electrical energy consumption necessary to manage these units. To reduce the rates of electrical energy consumption in RO desalination plants, geothermal energy and photovoltaic/thermal panels were used as preheating units to heat the feed water before entering RO desalination plants. The proposed system in this study consists of an RO desalination plant with an energy recovery device, photovoltaic/thermal panels, and a geothermal energy extraction unit. To evaluate the system performance, three incorporated models were studied and validated by previous experimental data. The results indicated that incorporating the geothermal energy and photovoltaic/thermal panels with the RO desalination plants has positive effects in terms of increasing productivity and reducing the rates of specific power consumption in RO desalination plants. The average saving in the specific power consumption for utilizing the thermal recovery system of PV panels and geothermal energy as preheating units reached 29.1% and 40.75% for the treatment of seawater and brackish water, respectively. Additionally, the economic feasibility showed the saving in the cost of freshwater produced from the RO desalination plants for incorporating both geothermal energy and photovoltaic panels with a thermal recovery system with reverse osmosis desalination plants of up to 39.6%.

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Zhang, Zhihong, Shakil A. Masum, Gailei Tian, and Hywel R. Thomas. "Modelling non-isothermal volume change and solute transport behaviours of a semi-permeable clay soil under the combined influence of mechanical loading, chemical-osmosis, and thermo-osmosis." Engineering Geology 293 (November 2021): 106271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106271.

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