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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermo-Kinetics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Yuan, Chun Miao, Chang Li, Gang Li, and Pei Hong Zhang. "Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Maize Starch in Air Using Thermogravimetric Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.114.

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Maize starch is abundant in quantity in China. The hazard from dust explosion of maize starch was very great. Number simulation is a good way to predict the consequent of dust explosion, but the known of reaction kinetics of hazardous materials is necessary. The objective of this research was to determine the reaction kinetics of maize starch using thermo-gravimetric analyses. Thermo-gravimetric analyses of maize starch were performed at heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 min-1 in an air atmospheres. The weight losses of maize starch in an air atmosphere were found to occur in three stages. The parameters of the reaction kinetics were obtained in Stage and .

2

Nawab, Yasir, Chung Hae Park, Abdelghani Saouab, Romain Agogué, and Pierre Beauchêne. "Modeling the Residual Stress in Woven Thermoset Composites Parts for Aerospace Applications Using Finite Element Methods." Advanced Materials Research 1099 (April 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1099.32.

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Process induced residual stresses in thermoset composite parts is one of significant issue faced by the industry. Its Modelling is a coupled multiphysics phenomena. Precise information about the chemical shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, cure kinetics, heat transfer and constitutive equation are required for an accurate simulation. In this article, spring-in angle induced in woven carbon/epoxy composite bracket is modelled by solving the thermo-kinetics and thermo-mechanics coupling simultaneously in a commercial finite element software. The obtained values of spring-in angle using numerical simulation are compared with those found in the literature and both are found in agreement.

3

Mandal, Dev K., Haripada Bhunia, Pramod K. Bajpai, Kumar A. Dubey, Lalit Varshney, and Gaurav Madhu. "Thermo-oxidative degradation kinetics of grafted polypropylene films." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 172, no. 11-12 (December 2, 2017): 878–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150.2017.1417411.

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4

Versan KOK, Mustafa. "Thermo-oxidative characterization and kinetics of tar sands." Energy 36, no. 8 (August 2011): 5338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.042.

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5

Rojas Reyes, Néstor Ricardo, Luver Echeverry Vargas, and Sebastián Sierra Pérez. "Thermo-kinetics of lead leaching from recycled batteries." Ingeniería y Desarrollo 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.36.1.10944.

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6

Zapata, B., J. Balmaseda, E. Fregoso-Israel, and E. Torres-García. "Thermo-kinetics study of orange peel in air." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 98, no. 1 (August 12, 2009): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0146-9.

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7

Rubanik, Vasili V., Vasili V. Rubanik Jr., and Olga A. Petrova-Burkina. "Peculiarities of Thermoelectric Force Behaviour in Nikelide Titane upon Non-Stationary Heating." Materials Science Forum 738-739 (January 2013): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.292.

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The phenomena of appearance of thermo-emf at non-stationary heating in equiatomic titanium nickelide was examined. The peculiarities of kinetics of display of thermokinetic emf, also during thermocycling were determined. The possibility of generation of thermo-emf in amorphous-crystalline ribbon of Ti50Ni25Cu25 during the transition to crystalline state was determined.

8

Yuan, Hao, Ming Yuan Zhou, Jie Guan, Li Fan, Chang Wen Ma, and Zhao Hui Ou Yang. "Recovering High-Water Ti-Gypsum Using Thermo-Compression Drying Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.746.

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The paper elaborates on the operating principle and technical features of thermo-compression drying process, the kinetics involved in the dewatering process, and the technological process system and equipment used. It is demonstrated by the case of the treatment of Ti-Gypsum using the thermo-compression drying process that the moisture of the products can reach 30%.

9

Zhou, Ming Yuan, Li Fan, Xiu Li Li, and Chang Wen Ma. "Recovering Tail Mine from a Coal Preparation Plant Using Non-Phase-Change Thermo-Compression Drying Technology." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.337.

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The paper elaborates on the operating principle and technical features of the thermo-compression drying process, the kinetics involved in the dewatering process, and the technological process system and equipment used. It is demonstrated by the case of the treatment of tail mine using the thermo-compression drying process that the moisture content of the products can reach lower than 12%.

10

Wang, Yuan Xiao, Xiu Fen Wang, and Shi Wei Song. "Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Drug Release of Thermosensitive Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA) and IPN(NIPAAm/HEMA) Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.737.

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A series of thermo-sensitive copolymers and interpenetrating network hydrogels were prepared using PNIPAAm and HEMA.The effects of the PNIPAAm/HEMA ratio on the swelling ratio ,and deswelling and reswelling kinetics of gels at different temperatures and drug release characteristics in vitro were discussed. The results showed that the copolymer and IPN hydrogels exhibited thermo-sensitive swelling characteristics. Therefore, the hydrogels may be useful in the controlled drug delivery systems.

11

Khudyakova, Galina, Pavel Osipov, and Alexander Ryzhkov. "Investigation of the Coal Char Conversion by Thermogravimetric Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.339.

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This paper reports the kinetics of coal char conversion. An experimental technique of simultaneous thermal analysis is presented. The obtained results are compared with other studies of char kinetics reported in the literature. The analysis shows that thermogravimetric method enables to determine input parameters for mathematical modeling of thermo-chemical conversion in an entrained flow reactor.

12

Dhaundiyal, Alok, Abdulrahman Th Mohammad, and Toth Laszlo. "Thermo-kinetics of Forest Waste Using Model-Free Methods." Universitas Scientiarum 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc24-1.tofw.

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Thermal behaviour of pine needles (Pinus Roxburghii) is examined through a thermogravimetry technique. The dried samples of pine needles undergo the non isothermal decomposition at temperature range of 308 - 1173 K. The heating rates used for experimental purposes are: 5 °C min-1, 10 °C min-1 and 15 °C min-1. Kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition reactions of pine needles are obtained through the model-free schemes. The estimated values of activation energy and frequency factor derived from Kissinger method are 132.77 kJ mol-1 and 13.15 x107 min-1, respectively. Furthermore, the averaged values of the same kinetics parameters retrieved from the isoconversional methods are 82.38 kJ mol-1 and 74.833 kJ mol-1, 25.42 x1013 min-1 and 13.449 x1010 min-1, respectively. Instead of the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira Sunrose (KAS) schemes, the kinetic parameters derived from the Kissinger method are relatively promising for the thermal decomposition process, since the kinetic parameters are highly affected by intermediate stages and overlapping of the concurrent reaction occurred during pyrolysis.

13

Samuel, Edwin I., Arghya Bhowmik, and Rongshan Qin. "Accelerated spheroidization induced by high intensity electric pulse in a severely deformed eutectoid steel." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 6 (June 2010): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0140.

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Application of high intensity electric pulse (HIEP) to a severely deformed eutectoid microstructure in high carbon steel wire has resulted in spheroidized microstructure. The observed spheroidization on electropulsing is compared with that reported for isothermal/thermo-mechanical annealing of the pearlite structure. The faster kinetics observed in this study has been rationalized in terms of accelerated kinetics induced by HIEP.

14

Galgano, Antonio, and Colomba Di Blasi. "Effects of the PMMA Molecular Weight on the Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition as the First Chemical Stage of Flaming Ignition." Processes 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010219.

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The piloted and the spontaneous ignition of low and high molecular weight (LMW and HMW) polymethyl methacrylate are simulated using a one-dimensional condensed-gas phase model for constant heat fluxes in the range of 25–150 kW/m2. Purely thermal (nitrogen) and thermo-oxidative (air) decomposition is considered, described by a single and four-step kinetics for the low and high molecular weight polymer, respectively. Different optical properties are also examined. The same trends of the ignition time and other ignition parameters are always observed. Due to a more significant role of the chemical kinetics, the effects of the sample molecular weight and reaction atmosphere are higher at low heat fluxes. Times are shorter for the black HMW samples and thermo-oxidative kinetics. For piloted ignition, factors are around 2.8–1.6, whereas for thermal decomposition, they are 1.3–1.2. The corresponding figures are 1.8–1.3 and 1.3–1.1, in the same order, for the spontaneous ignition. Overall, the effects of the molecular weight are more important than those related to the reaction kinetics environment. These differences are confirmed by the comparison between predictions and measurements.

15

Wang, Wei, Shu Yuan Li, Ting Tan, and Yue Ma. "Pyrolysis Kinetics of Oil Shale and its Kerogen." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.236.

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The pyrolysis kinetics of Chinese oil shale and its kerogen was investigated using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) in this paper. Experiments were performed at four different heating rates of 10, 15, 20 and 25°C/min from ambient temperature to 560 °C at nitrogen flux with 60ml/min. The results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition of oil shale and its kerogen involved three degradation steps. Different thermo gravimetric data were analyzed by Friedman procedure. The values of apparent activation energy E of oil shale ranged from 160kJ/ mol to 240kJ/mol, but these of kerogen were in the range of 150kJ/mol to 240kJ/mol. It was found that the plot of lnA versus E became a linear line with a regression coefficient of 0.99.

16

Maitra, S., S. Mukherjee, N. Saha, and J. Pramanik. "Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of magnesite." Cerâmica 53, no. 327 (September 2007): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132007000300011.

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Kinetics of thermal decomposition of Indian magnesite was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis under non-isothermal condition. Coats and Redfern Integral approximation method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. Using the kinetic parameters different kinetic functions were analyzed with the experimental data to ascertain the decomposition mechanism of magnesium carbonate and it was observed that the decomposition reaction followed a contracting sphere kinetic mechanism.

17

Upmanyu, Moneesh, Zachary T. Trautt, and Branden B. Kappes. "Anisotropy in Grain Boundary Thermo-Kinetics: Atomic-Scale Computer Simulations." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.715.

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Anisotropy in grain boundary “thermo-kinetics” is central to our understanding of microstructural evolution during grain growth and recrystallization. This paper focusses on role of atomic-scale computer simulation techniques, in particular molecular dynamics (MD), in extracting fundamental grain boundary properties and elucidating the atomic-scale mechanisms that determine these properties. A brief overview of recent strides made in extraction of grain boundary mobility and energy is presented, with emphasis on plastic strain induced boundary motion (p-SIBM) during recrystallization and curvature driven boundary motion (CDBM) during grain growth. Simulations aimed at misorientation dependence of the grain boundary properties during p-SIBM and CDBM show that boundary mobility and energy exhibit extrema at high symmetry misorientations and boundary mobility is comparatively more anisotropic during CDBM. This suggests that boundary mobility is dependent on the driving force. Qualitative observations of the atomic-scale mechanisms in play during boundary motion corroborate the simulation data. p-SIBM is dominated by motion of dislocation-interaction induced stepped structure of the grain boundaries, while correlated shuffling of group of atoms preceded by rearrangement of grain boundary free volume due to single atomic-hops across the grain boundary is frequently observed during CDBM. Comparison of the simulation results with high-purity experimental data extracted in Al indicates that while there is excellent agreement in misorientation dependent anisotropic properties, there are significant differences in values of boundary mobility and migration activation enthalpy. This strongly suggests that minute concentration of impurities retard grain boundary kinetics via impurity drag. Finally, the paper briefly discusses current and future challenges facing the computer simulation community in studying grain boundary systems in real materials where extrinsic effects (vacancy, impurity, segregation and particle effects) significantly alter the microscopic structure-mechanism relations and play a decisive role in determining the boundary properties.

18

Bianchi, O., G. B. Repenning, L. B. Canto, R. S. Mauler, and R. V. B. Oliveira. "Kinetics of thermo-oxidative degradation of PS-POSS hybrid nanocomposite." Polymer Testing 32, no. 4 (June 2013): 794–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.007.

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19

Dean, Li, Zhou Dafei, and Zhao Deren. "Mechanism and kinetics of thermo-dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride)." Polymer Degradation and Stability 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(88)90054-7.

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20

Zhang, Wen-Xing, Shang-Ying Liu, Chang-Qin Ma, and De-Hua Jiang. "Thermo-decomposition kinetics and representative structure of homologous dinuclear complexes." Thermochimica Acta 376, no. 2 (September 2001): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(01)00560-3.

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21

Kaushal, Abhishek, Vivek Jaiswal, Vishwajeet Mehandia, and Purbarun Dhar. "Soluto-thermo-hydrodynamics influenced evaporation kinetics of saline sessile droplets." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 83 (September 2020): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2020.04.014.

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22

Gumel, A. M., M. S. M. Annuar, T. Heidelberg, and Y. Chisti. "Thermo-kinetics of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of 6-O-glucosyldecanoate." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 19 (October 2011): 8727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.024.

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23

Zabihi, Omid, and Aminreza Khodabandeh. "Understanding of thermal/thermo-oxidative degradation kinetics of polythiophene nanoparticles." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 112, no. 3 (September 21, 2012): 1507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2675-x.

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24

Wei, Junhua, Xin Zhang, Jingjing Qiu, and Brandon L. Weeks. "Thermal kinetics and thermo-mechanical properties of graphene integrated fluoroelastomer." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 53, no. 23 (September 21, 2015): 1691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.23890.

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25

Colli-Gongora, Priscila Esther, Nora Magally Moo-Tun, Pedro Jesús Herrera-Franco, and Alex Valadez-Gonzalez. "Assessing the Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Content on the Biodegradation Kinetics of Multiscale Polylactic Acid Composites under Controlled Thermophilic Composting Conditions." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143093.

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This work studied the effect of cellulose nanocrystal (NCC) content on the biodegradation kinetics of PLA-based multiscale cellulosic biocomposites (PLAMCBs). To facilitate biodegradation, the materials were subjected to thermo-oxidation before composting. Biodegradation was carried out for 180 days under controlled thermophilic composting conditions according to the ASTM D 5338 standard. A first-order model based on Monod’s kinetics under limiting substrate conditions was used to study the effect of cellulose nanocrystal (NCC) content on the biodegradation kinetics of multiscale composite materials. It was found that thermo-oxidation at 70 °C for 160 h increased the biodegradability of PLA. Also, it was found that the incorporation of cellulosic fibrous reinforcements increased the biodegradability of PLA by promoting hydrolysis during the first stage of composting. Likewise, it was found that partial substitution of micro cellulose (MFC) by cellulose nanocrystals (NCCs) increased the biodegradability of the biocomposite. This increase was more evident as the NCC content increased, which was attributed to the fact that the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals facilitated the entry of water into the material and therefore promoted the hydrolytic degradation of the most recalcitrant fraction of PLA from the bulk and not only by surface erosion.

26

Raghavan, V., W. T. James, and A. S. Rangwala. "An estimation of modelling parameters for condensed multi-component fuels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 5 (April 28, 2011): 1229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062jmes2323.

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A case study to evaluate the thermo-physical properties and chemical kinetics parameters, which are employed to model the gas-phase combustion taking place over the surface of a condensed fuel, has been presented. This procedure relies on accurate experimental measurements of gaseous pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis gases can be treated as a virtual fuel, namely C xH yO z, where x, y, and z are estimated by performing atom balances for C, H, and O atoms in all the pyrolysis species. Thermo-physical properties of this virtual fuel are calculated based on the temperature and species concentration of the pyrolysis mixture. Similarly, based on the rate constant values of the reactant species present in the pyrolysis mixture, Arrhenius parameters such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy have been calculated. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used as an example fuel in this study, and a step-by-step procedure for the estimation of the thermo-physical properties and global reaction kinetics parameters of PMMA at low to moderate ambient pressure environment is presented. In general, the technique discussed here can be applied to any condensed fuel. Following the procedure reported in this study, modelling parameters can be evaluated for complex fuels.

27

Sharma, Umesh Chandra, Abhishek Kumar Chandra, and Sadhana Sachan. "Investigation on Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Karanja Oil Derived Biolubricant Base Oil." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 4 (February 27, 2019): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21762.

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Vegetable oils lack acceptable thermo-oxidative stability due to the presence of tertiary β-hydrogen in glycerol backbone of triglyceride molecule. Chemical modification methods may significantly improve the thermo-oxidative stability of vegetable oils derived biolubricants without hindering their environmentally benign characteristics. This study was aimed at evaluation of thermo-oxidative stability of non-edible karanja oil derived biolubricant base oil. The biolubricant karanja oil trimethylolpropane ester (KOTMPE) was synthesized by conventional two step transesterification process. Thermal stability of synthesized product was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis in non-isothermal mode under nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the oxidation stability was analyzed using Rancimat method. Kinetics of thermal degradation of biolubricant was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain order of thermal degradation, activation energy and the frequency factor. The results revealed excellent thermo-oxidative stability for synthesized product at high temperatures with ample scope for further improvement by blending with appropriate additives as demanded by specific applications.

28

Tokarchuk, Mykhailo, and Petro Hlushak. "Unification of Thermo Field Kinetic and Hydrodynamics Approaches in the Theory of Dense Quantum–Field Systems." Particles 2, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles2010001.

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A formulation of nonequilibrium thermo-field dynamics has been performed using the nonequilibrium statistical operator method by D.N. Zubarev. Generalized transfer equations for a consistent description of the kinetics and hydrodynamics of the dense quantum field system with strongly-bound states are derived.

29

Suman, Swapan, Santosh Kumar Rai, Anand Mohan Yadav, Awani Bhushan, Nomendra Tomar, Rajneesh Kumar Singh, Ansar Ali SK, and Anuj Kumar Mishra. "Influence of Thermal and Morphological Behaviour on Biomass Waste Materials during Pyrolysis." E3S Web of Conferences 321 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132101005.

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Aim of this study to investigate the thermal and morphological behaviour of different types of biomass feedstock. For investigation of thermal behaviour we used thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis and derivative thermo-gravimetric (DTG) analysis. The biomass feedstocks were conceded out under vigorous conditions using nitrogen gas at specific heating rates to gradient the temperature from 25°C to 1000°C. The derivative thermo-gravimetric (DTG) results show that thermal decomposition on these feedstocks. First-order reaction model were used to determine the kinetics parameters for the pyrolysis of biomass wastes. This study used Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe surface morphology properties of the different biomass wastes. The FE-SEM images showed that clearly retained the fibrous structures in the biomass wastes and were rich in macro-pores.

30

Widmann, Heiko, and Martin Strangwood. "The Role of Applied Strain on Crystallisation Kinetics of an Amorphous Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.965.

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The crystallisation behaviour of Vitreloy 105 during different thermo-mechanical exposure conditions has been studied in a Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator (TMS). Strains up to 0.1 applied at rates of 0.001 – 0.01 s-1 in the supercooled liquid region (SLR) from 420 – 435 °C resulted in no change in the crystallisation kinetics compared with purely thermal exposure for the same times and temperatures. Separate deformation studies on the amorphous bulk metallic glass confirmed that the deformation conditions used corresponded to Newtonian flow conditions. It remains to be confirmed whether the lack of influence of permanent deformation persists for deformation at higher strain rates in the non-Newtonian regime.

31

Xu, Hai Lin, Hong Bo Dong, and Yong Wang. "Hot Deformation Behavior of TC21 Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.117.

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The dynamic recrystallization behavior of TC21 alloy during hot compression deformation was investigated at 870~990 °C and strain rate of 0.001~10 s-1 on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-simulation machine. The results show that dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization occurs during hot deformation. As the deformation temperature increases and strain rate decreases, the softening caused by dynamic recrystallization is more obvious. According to the relevance of flow stress, strain rate and deformation temperature, the dynamic recrystallization activation energy is obtained. The constitutive equation and dynamic recrystallization kinetics motel are set up through analyzing and calculating the data of thermo-simulation.

32

Lotz, Steffen, Emad Scharifi, Ursula Weidig, and Kurt Steinhoff. "Effect of Combined Forming and Aging Processes on the Mechanical Properties of the Precipitation-Hardenable High-Strength Aluminum Alloys AA6082 and AA7075." Metals 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081250.

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The recently increasing demand for hot stamped aluminum components in the automotive and aerospace industries explains the necessity of designing efficient and resource-conserving thermo-mechanical processes. Within the thermo-mechanical process, the simultaneous effect of deformation and temperature accelerate the precipitation kinetics. Therefore, this study focuses on the combined effect of forming and aging processes on the mechanical properties of high-strength aluminum alloys AA6082 and AA7075. For this aim, two different thermo-mechanical aging process strategies after solution heat treatment and quenching in a water-dilutable polymer quenchant are proposed. The superpositioning of the forming step is either performed at the beginning or continuously during the aging treatment. The resulting mechanical properties are characterized using tensile tests. With increasing the plastic elongation, there is an increase in yield and tensile strength, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in strain after failure. Both thermo-mechanical aging strategies reveal mechanical properties similar to the conventional T6 peak aged condition with a significant reduction in process time from 24 h to 5 h.

33

Sen, Ugur. "Kinetics of titanium nitride coatings deposited by thermo-reactive deposition technique." Vacuum 75, no. 4 (August 2004): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.04.003.

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34

Arshad, Muhammad Azeem. "Thermo-oxidative decomposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Kinetics and thermodynamics." Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 28, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2020.1775591.

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35

Gong, Guo-li, Hui Li, and Xiao-yan Li. "Studies on swelling kinetics for HPC/PAN thermo-sensitive blending films." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 22, no. 10 (December 7, 2009): 1422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1627.

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36

Abramov, V., N. Bychkov, and D. Gustov. "Kinetics of setting between dissimilar crystalline materials under thermo deformation effect." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 11015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340211015.

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It has been established that the kinetic curves of adhesion (strength increase) are of the sigma type with the displacement period of the second stage relative to the first one. The period of this displacement is determined by starting of a marked metal flow over the micro-protrusion contact sections and its passing on the baton into a harder material under the second kind stresses. Activation of the contact surface of a harder material (corundum) occurs due to a handover of the deformation of the surface layer is plastically deformed micro-protrusions (grains) of the metal due to the effect of the second kind of micro-stresses which were much higher minimum yield strength of a harder material, thereby causing plastic deformation of the latter.

37

Subramanian, Sundaresa V., M. Kashif Rehman, Hatem S. Zurob, and Cheng Jia Shang. "Recrystallization and Grain Coarsening Control in Processing High Niobium Microalloyed Line Pipe Steels." Materials Science Forum 753 (March 2013): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.753.391.

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The effect of solute niobium in retarding coarsening kinetics of austenite in upstream thermo mechanical processing of high niobium (0.1wt%Nb) low interstitial steel is analyzed. Solute drag effect of niobium in retarding boundary mobility in static recrystallization is examined in thermo-mechanical rolling of high Nb microalloyed steel. The importance of austenite grain refinement prior to pancaking in compact strip rolling of high Nb microallyed steel as a means to increase surface area to volume ratio of pancaked austenite grain is emphasized. This is to promote adequate nucleation sites for phase transformation even under conditions low total rolling reduction below temperature of no recrystallization.

38

Sehitoglu, Huseyin, and D. A. Boismier. "Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue of Mar-M247: Part 2—Life Prediction." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903191.

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A life prediction model is proposed based on microstructural observations of damage in thermo-mechanical fatigue and isothermal fatigue experiments on Mar-M247 Nickel based Superalloy. The model incorporates damage accumulation due to fatigue, environment (oxidation and γ′ depletion), and creep processes. The model is capable of predicting lives at different temperatures, strain rates and temperature-strain phasing conditions. The model successfully predicted the shorter lives at high strain amplitudes in in-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue cases and the shorter lives at lower strain amplitudes in out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue cases and the associated crossover in life. The prediction of a nonproportional strain-temperature history (diamond shaped) was very satisfactory. A unified constitutive equation was utilized to predict the stresses, which influenced the creep damage term. The oxidation term is a function of mechanical strain range, temperature-strain phasing and incorporated oxidation and γ′ depletion kinetics.

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Bualuang, Oraporn, Supawan Tirawanichakul, and Yutthana Tirawanichakul. "Thermo-Physical Properties And Mathematical Modeling Of Thin-Layer Drying Kinetics Of Medium And Long Grain Parboiled Rice." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50060.

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This research was to investigate some thermo-physical properties and to determine a mathematical model for describing drying kinetics for medium and long grain parboiled rice varieties. The thermo-physical properties in terms of equilibrium moisture content (EMC), apparent density, void fraction, specific heat capacity at moisture content ranging from 30 to 58% dry-basis (d.b.) for both Leb Nok Pattani (LNP) and Suphanburi 1 (SP 1) rice varieties were determined by conventional standard techniques.The evaluated results showed that EMC values for both rice varieties predicted by the GAB’s model yielded the best fitting with experimental data. To determine thermo-physical properties, the results stated that apparent density and specific heat capacity of parboiled LNP and SP1 rice varieties were linearly dependent on moisture content. In contrast, percentage of void fraction of medium grain LNP and long grain SP1 rice variety was inversely proportional to moisture content. For employing empirical thin-layer drying models, the Two terms model was the best fitting model to describe the experimental data for both rice varieties.

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Vincent, Chloë, Claire Longuet, Laurent Aprin, Pierre Slangen, Guillaume Rambaud, and Laurent Ferry. "Effect of Bubbling on Ignition of PMMA Slab: Change in Thermo-Physical and Thermo-Radiative Properties." Fire 7, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7040117.

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In semi-transparent polymers, ignition is not only dependent on conductive thermal transfer into the material but also on in-depth absorption of the radiation. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of bubbling on the thermo-physical and thermo-radiative properties of PMMA and how it may affect its ignition. PMMA plates of varying thickness were exposed to the heat flux of two radiative sources with different emission spectra. Exposure was stopped after different periods of time to study bubbling kinetics and bubble size distribution by optical microscopy. Front and back surface temperatures of samples were recorded during heat exposure. The results indicate that the bubble size distribution is closely related to the temperature gradient within the sample. Steep thermal gradients lead to small-sized bubbles underneath the exposed surface, while weak thermal gradients generate a wider size distribution with in-depth bubbling. All thermo-physical quantities k, ρ and Cp were shown to decrease with increasing bubbling degree. Likewise, it was highlighted that bubbling modifies the thermo-radiative properties of PMMA, especially in the near-infrared range. Transmittance decreases while absorbance increases with a bubbling degree. The increase in the absorption coefficient was attributed to multiple scattering by bubbles that expand the pathway of radiation into the materials. It was concluded that changes in both the thermo-physical and thermo-radiative properties with bubbling were likely to account for the delay in ignition observed when using the near-infrared heating source.

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Liu, Jun-Hao, Guo-Hua Zhang, and Kuo-Chih Chou. "Reaction Kinetics of Fe2O3 and BaCO3 to Prepare Ba2Fe2O5." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0057.

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AbstractCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and substantially affects the global warming and climate change, so study on the adsorption of carbon dioxide is very urgent. As a new CO2 captor, Ba2Fe2O5 was prepared by the solid state reaction of Fe2O3 with BaCO3, following formula Fe2O3 + 2BaCO3 = Ba2Fe2O5 + 2CO2. The reaction kinetics in isothermal condition was investigated by using the method of thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). It was found that the reaction of Fe2O3 with BaCO3 was controlled by the diffusion step in the product layer, and the kinetics process could be described by the RPP model (Real Physical Picture) with the apparent activation energy extracted to be 161.122 kJ/mol.

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Zhang, Jin-Ye, and Xiao-Qing Zhu. "Comparison between 1,2-Dihydropyridine and 1,4-Dihydropyridine on Hydride-Donating Ability and Activity." Molecules 27, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 5382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175382.

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In this paper, detailed comparisons of the driving force in thermodynamics and intrinsic force in the kinetics of 1,2-dihydropyridine and 1,4-dihydropyridine isomers of PNAH, HEH, and PYH in hydride transfer reactions are made. For 1,2-PNAH and 1,4-PNAH, the values of the thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 60.50 and 61.90 kcal/mol, 27.92 and 26.34 kcal/mol, and 44.21 and 44.12 kcal/mol, respectively. For 1,2-HEH and 1,4-HEH, the values of the thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 63.40 and 65.00 kcal/mol, 31.68 and 34.96 kcal/mol, and 47.54 and 49.98 kcal/mol, respectively. For 1,2-PYH and 1,4-PYH, the order of thermodynamic driving forces, kinetic intrinsic barriers, and thermo-kinetic parameters are 69.90 and 72.60 kcal/mol, 33.06 and 25.74 kcal/mol, and 51.48 and 49.17 kcal/mol, respectively. It is not difficult to find that thermodynamically favorable structures are not necessarily kinetically favorable. In addition, according to the analysis of thermo-kinetic parameters, 1,4-PNAH, 1,2-HEH, and 1,4-PYH have a strong hydride-donating ability in actual chemical reactions.

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Ju, Dong Ying, and Tatsuo Inoue. "On the Material Process Simulation Code COSMAP- Simulated Examples and its Experimental Verification for Heat Treatment Process." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.955.

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Strategy and function of a new developed FEM code COSMAP(COmputer Simulation of MAterial Process) for surface hardening during of thermo-mechanical processing, including heat treatment, carbonizing and nitriding, is briefly introduced in this paper. The simulation code is developed based on the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory considering the coupled equations of diffusion, heat conduction, inelastic stresses and kinetics of phase transformation. Some examples of simulation and the experimental verification for carbonized quenching, carbonizednitrided- quenching process of a cylinder and ring as well as a gear are illustrated, and comparison of the simulated values of distortion, residual stresses and profile of induced phases with the experimental data is made with some discussions.

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Nielsen, Charles A., Peter Pierini, and Steve Fuh. "Thermal and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of PBO: Determination of Kinetics and Reaction Products." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 1993): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100205.

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Poly(para-phenylene- cis-benzobisoxazole), PBO, is a promising thermal and fire resistant material because of its excellent thermal stability, virtual nonflammability (limiting oxygen index = 56), high char yield, and negligible smoke generation [1]. Decomposition reaction products and kinetics were studied to further characterize this material. Chemical changes in the solid film were studied by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) before and after isothermal heating in vacuum. Decom position was detected at 600°C while little, if any, was observed at 500°C. In other studies using a constant heating rate, released volatiles were identified by FTIR and an electrochemical selective ion probe. Degradation rates in nitrogen (thermal) and air (thermo-oxidative) were de termined by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (ITGA). Activation ener gies for the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradations were calculated. These results are compared to other thermally resistant polymers. For example, the PBO film decomposition rate is over one hundred times slower than a high- temperature-resistant polyimide (Kapton® H film) in nitrogen, and about two times slower than the polyimide film in air. These findings suggest possible lower rates of combustion, especially in situations where the polymer is decom posed in a locally oxygen starved environment. Finally, an empirical model for the thermo-oxidation of PBO was obtained from the TGA data. Reliable predictions of weight percent remaining are made as a function of time and temperature.

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Niu, Ying Jian, and Ling Yang. "Thermogravimetric Evaluation of Magnesium Hydroxide and Red Phosphorous Flame Retarded Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.162.

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Halogen free fire-retardant silicon rubber compounds were prepared, using red phosphorus combined with magnesium hydroxide as flame retardants. The flame retardant mechanisms of red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide were studied by means of comprehensive decomposition studies and combustion tests. The study is intended to illuminate prerequisites and the potential of red phosphorus as a fire retardant for silicone rubber in the condensed phase. The flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices （LOI） and UL 94 test. Thermo-oxidative decomposition kinetics were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG). The activation energies were determined using the Friedman method, which do not require knowledge of the reaction mechanism (RM). The results show that the MVMQ/MH/RP composite has a higher thermal stability and lower flammability.

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Ju, Dong Ying, and Li Ping Cao. "The Developments and its Applicaton Examples of Computer Simulation Code on Heat Treatment Process." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.589.

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Abstract:

Strategy and function of a new developed FEM code COSMAP(COmputer Simulation of MAterial Process) for surface hardening during of thermo-mechanical processing, including heat treatment, carbonizing and nitriding and induction heat treatment, is briefly introduced in this paper. The simulation code is developed based on the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory considering the coupled equations of magnetic or electrical field, diffusion, heat conduction, inelastic stresses and kinetics of phase transformation. Some examples of simulation and the experimental verification for induction heat treatment, carbonized quenching, carbonized- nitrided-quenching process of a cylinder and ring as well as a gear are illustrated, and comparison of the simulated values of distortion, residual stresses and profile of induced phases with the experimental data is made with some discussions.

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PRISACARIU, Vasile, and Alexandru TUDOSIE. "CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JET ENGINE COMBUSTOR PARAMETERS." Review of the Air Force Academy XX, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2022.20.1.6.

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The thermo-gas dynamics of fuel combustion in the combustor of aircraft engines involves thermochemical activity and combustion dynamics, but also the geometric volume of the combustion process. Research around the topic provides clues regarding the fluctuations of the combustor’s performance depending on the fuels used and the kinetics of the gas mixture determined by the internal geometry of the combustor, clues that can help initiate numerical approaches regarding the optimization of the mixture and combustion temperatures. The article proposes an approach to the combustion process in jet engines both from the perspective of the fuels used and from the perspective of combustion thermo-gas dynamics through numerical analyzes designed to highlight the relevant parameters and performances of the jet engine combustor.

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D'Souza, Delma, N. Jagannatha, K. P. Nagaraja, and A. S. Ganavi. "Growth kinetics and thermo-opto properties of manganese doped barium phosphate crystals." International Journal of Innovative Research in Physics 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijiip.3103.

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Manganese doped barium phosphate (MDBP) crystals were grown by gel technique. Phosphoric acid impregnated silica (PIS) gel was optimized by varying gel parameters: pH, specific gravity of sodium meta silicate, concentration of acid and temperature of gelling solution. In an optimized growth environment, Ba2+-Mn2+ cationic mixture was made to diffuse through the set PIS gel to nucleate with intrinsically available (PO4)3- ions, which yielded high quality MDBP crystals. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the constitution of MDBP crystal by the prime elements Ba, Mn, P and O with cationic distribution 8.784 : 1 (Ba2+ : Mn2+). Fourier transform infrared spectral studies identified the phosphate group, water of crystallization and M-O (M= Ba2+, Mn2+) bonds in the crystal armature. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the degradation behavior and ensured the thermal stability upto 500°C in the phosphorus pentoxide state. MDBP crystals exhibited high crystalline nature and adjoined to orthorhombic geometry. The crystals being insulators, ingrained with high band gap energy of 6.08 eV.

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Ahmad, Naushad, Manawwer Alam, Rizwan Wahab, Mukhtar Ahmed, and Ashfaq Ahmad. "Synthesis, spectral and thermo-kinetics explorations of Schiff-base derived metal complexes." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 1304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0168.

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AbstractSchiff-base ligand, 2,6-bis(benzimino)-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (L), and its transition metal complexes of Co(ii), Ni(ii), and Cu(ii) were synthesized by refluxing the reaction mixture and its analytical, spectral, and thermogravimetric characteristics were explored by various techniques: AAS, FT-IR, UV-vis, TG-DTG, CHNS/O, and VSM. It was observed that all the metal containing complexes are non-electrolytic, mononuclear, and paramagnetic in nature, confirmed by the molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Optical spectral data were used to investigate the geometrical and spectral parameters of [Co(L)(ac)2], [Ni(L)(ac)2], [Cu(L)(ac)2], [Cu(L)(acac)2], and [Cu(L)(fmc)2] complexes. Simultaneous thermal analyses (TG-DTG) in nitrogen atmosphere reveal that the ligand decomposes in one step, [Co(L)(ac)2], [Ni(L)(ac)2], and [Cu(L) (ac)2] complexes are decomposed in three steps, whereas [Cu(L)(acac)2] and [Cu(L) (fmc)2] are decomposed in five and two steps, respectively. In addition, activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (ln A) were evaluated by TG-DTG decomposition steps of compounds using the Coats–Redfern formula. Enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S), and Gibbs free energy (∆G) of the as-prepared metal complexes were also speculated by various thermodynamic equations.

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Li, Dapeng, and Gang Sun. "Kinetics of thermo-fixation of solvent dyes and pigments in polyester fibres." Coloration Technology 122, no. 4 (August 2006): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00033.x.

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