Journal articles: 'Thermo-electricity'

1

Kovacs, A., and P. Janhunen. "Thermo-photovoltaic spacecraft electricity generation." Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions 6, no. 1 (July 26, 2010): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/astra-6-19-2010.

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Shen, Qingchen, Ziyang Ning, Benwei Fu, Shuai Ma, Zhiying Wang, Lei Shu, Lifu Zhang, et al. "An open thermo-electrochemical cell enabled by interfacial evaporation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 11 (2019): 6514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10190f.

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Stanek, Wojciech, Lucyna Czarnowska, Wiesław Gazda, and Tomasz Simla. "Thermo-ecological cost of electricity from renewable energy sources." Renewable Energy 115 (January 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.074.

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Kazim, Ali Hussain, A. Sina Booeshaghi, Sai T. Stephens, and Baratunde A. Cola. "Thermo-electrochemical generator: energy harvesting & thermoregulation for liquid cooling applications." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, no. 6 (2017): 1381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7se00161d.

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Singh, Jaspal, and S. S. Verma. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some Useful Thermoelectric Materials." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 3 (2019): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21728.

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This paper aims to introduce the synthesis and characterization of some useful thermo electric pellets in order to determine their ability to convert waste heat into electricity. The thermo electric pellets of Bi2Pb3, Bi2Te3 and Pb2Te3 in cylindrical dimensions are prepared by 15 mm mixture of different compositions. The research work explores the facts that how such kind of the semiconducting materials can be utilized as thermo-electric power generation elements. The performance of these pellets analyzed not only in the normal mode but also under the effect of electric and magnetic fields, which can exist already or applied in the condition of their operation. Thermo-emf generation is carried out in the normal mode and under the influence of applied electric and magnetic fields of different magnitudes in the temperature range of 190 °C. Hence, the paper is an outlet of the waste heat utilization with the influence of electric or magnetic field towards their conversion of waste heat into electricity by special sized thermoelectric pellets and the suitable chemical method of their preparation.

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Miroshnichenko, Taisia, Sergey Minaev, and Kaoru Maruta. "Efficiency of the Small-Sized System with Thermo-Electrical Conversion of the Heat from Gas Combustion." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.345.

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Present paper is an attempt to illustrate a specific character of gas combustion and thermo-electrical processes in small-sized power energy-supply devices with thermoelectric methods of heat conversion. The efficiency of the heat conversion into electricity by using of thermo-elements embedded in the solid walls is estimated for a system with heat regeneration by means of the heat conductivity of the solid elements.

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Liu, Wenyi, Gang Xu, and Yongping Yang. "Thermo-Dynamical Analysis on Electricity-Generation Subsystem of CAES Power Plant." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 02, no. 04 (2014): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2014.24097.

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Hasanuzzaman, Md, Md Farhad Hossain, and N. A. Rahim. "Palm Oil EFB: Green Energy Source in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.376.

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Empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a good lingo-cellulosic biomass to produce bio-ethanol, to generate electricity by using chemical or thermo-chemical conversion processes respectively. It is one of the potential renewable energy sources to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and environment pollution. It is found that about 6% of diesel fuel can be saved by using palm oil EFB based converted bio-ethanol. By using thermo-chemical conversion of palm oil EFB, about 5% electrical energy demands can be fulfilled.

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Repka, Miroslav, and Ladislav Sator. "Thermo-electro-mechanical behaviour of Nano-sized structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000060.

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Thermo-electro-mechanical behaviour of the nano-sized structures is analysed by the finite element method (FEM). The mechanical response of the nano-sized structures cannot be modelled with classical continuum theories due to the size effect phenomenon. The strain gradient theory with one length scale parameter has been applied to study size effect phenomenon. The coupled theory of thermo-electricity has been used together with strain gradient theory of elasticity. The governing equations have been derived and incorporated into the commercial software Comsol via weak form module. The influence of the length scale parameter on mechanical response of the structures is investigated by some numerical examples.

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AMANI, M., A. SMAILI, and A. GHENAIET. "Thermo-economic Assessment of the first Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System of Hassi R’mel." Mechanics 26, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.3.23992.

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The aim of this study is the thermo-economic assessments of an integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) system, in terms of thermal efficiency, electricity production and levelized electricity cost (LCOE). During the day light the power plant operates as an ISCC and operates as a conventional combined cycle (CC) during the night or cloudy days. In one hand the obtained results show that at the design point the solar electricity ratio may reach about 17 % and the global thermal efficiency 63 %, leading to lower fuel consumption and carbon emission. On the other hand, the economic assessment depicts that LCOE may reach 0.0222 $/kWh, which is about 28 % higher than that of (CC) power plants. Furthermore, by introducing the environmental effect LCOE becomes equal to 0.0272 $/kWh which is higher. Therefore, the annual solar contribution relatively to this ISCC installation site will allow about 18.45 million $ of fuel saving, avoiding emission of 0.89 million ton of CO2 over 30 years operation.

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Okazaki, Hiroshi, Masaaki Yokoyama, and Teppei Takasaki. "A Basic Study of the Thermo-electric Electricity Generation : Second Report, Basic experiment." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2002.77 (2002): _14–9_—_14–10_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2002.77._14-9_.

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Riley, Paul H., and Mark Johnson. "Generating electricity from burning wood using Thermo‐acoustics for use in developing countries." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2934528.

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Ellappan, R., J. Manoj Karan, and K. Nandu Narayanan. "Generation of Electricity from the Waste Heat of an IC Engine Using Thermo Electric Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.841.

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Electricity is very vital in our day to day life. The motive of our journal is to generate electricity from the from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by the principle of Seebeck effect.Exhaust gases from an automobile bring out the excess heat generated which would be very high.The idea is to convert this exhaust heat to another form of energy i.e., electricity with the help of thermoelectric devices like thermocouples, thermopiles, Peltier device. The voltage generated by the thermocouple is very small and many thermocouples are required to make a practical thermoelectric generator. If a loop is made from wires using two dissimilar metals, a voltage will appear between the junctions of the wires if one junction is hotter than the other. Such a loop made with dissimilar metals is known as a thermocouple and the phenomenon is named the Seebeck effect. A semi conductor thermocouple device named Peltier device is used to convert the exhaust heat generated from an automobile into electricity.

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Ziębik, Andrzej. "Thermodynamical motivation of the Polish energy policy." Archives of Thermodynamics 33, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-012-0025-9.

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Abstract Basing on the first and second law of thermodynamics the fundamental trends in the Polish energy policy are analysed, including the aspects of environmental protection. The thermodynamical improvement of real processes (reduction of exergy losses) is the main way leading to an improvement of the effectivity of energy consumption. If the exergy loss is economically not justified, we have to do with an error from the viewpoint of the second law analysis. The paper contains a thermodynamical analysis of the ratio of final and primary energy, as well as the analysis of the thermo-ecological cost and index of sustainable development concerning primary energy. Analyses of thermo-ecological costs concerning electricity and centralized heat production have been also carried out. The effect of increasing the share of high-efficiency cogeneration has been analyzed, too. Attention has been paid to an improved efficiency of the transmission and distribution of electricity, which is of special importance from the viewpoint of the second law analysis. The improvement of the energy effectivity in industry was analyzed on the example of physical recuperation, being of special importance from the point of view of exergy analysis.

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Basińska, Małgorzata, Halina Koczyk, and Aleksandra Błotnicka-Smyk. "Assessment of thermo-modernization in a multifamily building." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900004.

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This paper presents an evaluation of thermo-modernisation improvements applied over the years in the multi-family residential building. Those improvements have included the civil and mechanical activities. The civil activities were as follows: the application of the thermal insulation on the external walls and replacement of the windows. The mechanical activities were mainly focused on an adjustment of the heating system to the new reduced heating demands of the building. The heating system in the building was modified - the radiators were replaced with the new ones, the heating central unit was modernised. Moreover the local gas water heaters were eliminated. Then the building’s energy performance characteristics, prepared according to the valid Polish methodology, were compared with the real consumption. It was found that after the application of thermo-modifications the heating demand was reduced, twice. The economy efficiency of the thermo-modernisation was evaluated by means of a method of the annual costs. The annual costs include the heating system exploitation costs, DHW preparation system and the auxiliary devices electricity costs.

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Iaria, Davide, Homam Nipkey, Jafar Al Zaili, Abdulnaser Sayma, and Mohsen Assadi. "Development and Validation of a Thermo-Economic Model for Design Optimisation and Off-Design Performance Evaluation of a Pure Solar Microturbine." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2018): 3199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113199.

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The aim of this paper is to present a thermo-economic model of a microturbine for solar dish applications, which demonstrates the applicability and accuracy of the model for off-design performance evaluation and techno-economic optimisation purposes. The model is built using an object-oriented programming approach. Each component is represented using a class made of functions that perform a one-dimensional physical design, off-design performance analysis and the component cost evaluation. Compressor, recuperator, receiver and turbine models are presented and validated against experimental data available in literature, and each demonstrated good accuracy for a wide range of operating conditions. A 7-kWe microturbine and solar irradiation data available for Rome between 2004 and 2005 were considered as a case study, and the thermo-economic analysis of the plant was performed to estimate the levelised cost of electricity based on the annual performance of the plant. The overall energy produced by the plant is 10,682 kWh, the capital cost has been estimated to be EUR 27,051 and, consequently, the specific cost of the plant, defined as the ratio between the cost of components and output power in design condition, has been estimated to be around EUR 3980/kWe. Results from the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) analysis demonstrate a levelised cost of electricity of EUR 22.81/kWh considering a plant lifetime of 25 years. The results of the present case study have been compared with the results from IPSEpro 7 where the same component characteristic maps and operational strategy were considered. This comparison was aimed to verify the component matching procedure adopted for the present model. A plant sizing optimisation was then performed to determine the plant size which minimises the levelised cost of electricity. The design space of the optimisation variable is limited to the values 0.07–0.16 kg/s. Results of the optimisation demonstrate a minimum LCOE of 21.5 [EUR/kWh] for a design point mass flow rate of about 0.11 kg/s. This corresponds to an overall cost of the plant of around EUR 32,600, with a dish diameter of 9.4 m and an annual electricity production of 13,700 [kWh].

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Stanek, Wojciech, Tomasz Simla, and Wiesław Gazda. "Exergetic and thermo-ecological assessment of heat pump supported by electricity from renewable sources." Renewable Energy 131 (February 2019): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.084.

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YOKOYAMA, Masaaki. "1404 A Basic Study of the Thermo-electric Electricity Generatioin : First Report, Basic analysis." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2001.76 (2001): _14–7_—_14–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2001.76._14-7_.

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Zhuang, Xiaoying, Runqiu Huang, Chao Liang, and Timon Rabczuk. "A Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Model of Jointed Hard Rock for Compressed Air Energy Storage." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/179169.

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Renewable energy resources such as wind and solar are intermittent, which causes instability when being connected to utility grid of electricity. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) provides an economic and technical viable solution to this problem by utilizing subsurface rock cavern to store the electricity generated by renewable energy in the form of compressed air. Though CAES has been used for over three decades, it is only restricted to salt rock or aquifers for air tightness reason. In this paper, the technical feasibility of utilizing hard rock for CAES is investigated by using a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modelling of nonisothermal gas flow. Governing equations are derived from the rules of energy balance, mass balance, and static equilibrium. Cyclic volumetric mass source and heat source models are applied to simulate the gas injection and production. Evaluation is carried out for intact rock and rock with discrete crack, respectively. In both cases, the heat and pressure losses using air mass control and supplementary air injection are compared.

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Georgiou, Solomos, Nilay Shah, and Christos N. Markides. "A thermo-economic analysis and comparison of pumped-thermal and liquid-air electricity storage systems." Applied Energy 226 (September 2018): 1119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.128.

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Tock, Laurence, and François Maréchal. "Co-production of hydrogen and electricity from lignocellulosic biomass: Process design and thermo-economic optimization." Energy 45, no. 1 (September 2012): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.056.

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Ajewole, Titus O., Francis B. Elehinafe, Oyetunji B. Okedere, and Tobiloba E. Somefun. "Agro-residues for clean electricity: A thermo-property characterization of cocoa and kolanut waste blends." Heliyon 7, no. 9 (September 2021): e08055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08055.

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Fiala, Jozef, Lenka Blinová, Maroš Soldán, and Karol Balog. "Study of Hydrogen Production Using Photovoltaic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.593.

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Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is necessary to provide huge amounts of cheap or surplus electricity. So currently is produced by electrolysis of water only 4% of hydrogen. Due to the need to save primary energy resources and environmental problems of thermo-chemical hydrogen production mainly related to the production of CO2 can be assumed that the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources will increasingly expand. The paper deals with possibility of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water using photovoltaic energy.

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Smirnov, V. V., Yu V. Yavorovsky, V. V. Sennikov, and D. O. Romanov. "Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the application of thermal-hydraulic distributor with classical schemes of connecting subscribers." Vestnik IGEU, no. 3 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.3.005-013.

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Analysis of the use of a thermo-hydraulic distributor in district heating schemes showed insufficient study of the mutual influence of the connected circuits, on which the coefficient of hydraulic stability of the heating network depends, and the lack of a comparative analysis of the efficiency of heat supply when using a scheme with a thermo-hydraulic distributor compared to widely used subscriber connection schemes. The purpose of the study is to compare the economic and energy efficiency of the proposed and existing subscriber connection schemes, which is an important task. In laboratory conditions, a wide range of studies have been carried out to study the hydraulic dependence of the contours of the thermo-hydraulic distributor among themselves. Processing of the results was carried out by the method of correlation-regression analysis and mathematical statistics. In a comparative analysis of subscriber connection schemes, methods of physical modeling of thermo-hydraulic modes were used. A comparative analysis showed that the energy efficiency of the scheme with a thermo-hydraulic distributor is higher in heating systems with non-automated subscribers, regardless of the temperature graph of the heating network. When comparing schemes with parallel connection of a hot water heater, it was found that the totality of electricity consumption for coolant circulation and fuel costs for a circuit with a thermo-hydraulic distributor turned out to be less irrespective of the temperature schedule. Statistical research methods confirmed the independence of the circuits and the normal supply of heat to the heating. New solutions have been obtained to increase the hydraulic stability of the centralized heat supply system using a thermo-hydraulic distributor at a heating point – the hydraulic stability coefficient of the heat network during all subscriber operation modes is equal to one. The results of the study can be used in the design of thermal points: the proposed heating system, the consumers of which will provide a stable hydraulic mode; existing heat supply system, the consumers of which must ensure the hydro-stable control of heat.

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Dakic, Dragoljub, Srdjan Belosevic, Rastko Mladenovic, Milijana Paprika, Dejan Djurovic, Aleksandar Eric, Mirko Komatina, Bosko Grbic, and Nenad Radic. "Reduction of carbon monoxide emission from a solid-fuel thermo-accumulation furnace." Thermal Science 10, no. 4 (2006): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0604107d.

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Many households in Serbia, using electric thermo-accumulation furnaces for heating, have been forced to find an alternative solution, due to a significant increase in electricity prices during the last decade. A possible solution is replacing electric heating appliances with the solid fuel-fired ones. A prototype of a new concept of thermo-accumulation solid fuel-fired furnace has been developed to meet these growing needs, providing electricity saving together with considerable environmental benefits. Two strategies for reduction of carbon monoxide emission are examined in the paper: application of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, in the form of 3 ? 0.3 mm spheres, providing further combustion of flue gases within the furnace, as well as an additional emission reduction by means of the air excess control. Experimental investigations of the catalyst influence on the conversion of carbon monoxide have been done for different operation regimes and positions of the catalyst. The paper presents selected results regarding carbon monoxide emission during wood and coal combustion. Investigations suggest a considerable effect of the catalyst and a strong influence of the catalyst position within the furnace to carbon monoxide emission reduction. In addition, experimental tests have been conducted to asses the effect of the air excess control in the furnace on carbon monoxide emission. The amount of combustion air, the flue gas flow rate, and the fuel feeding regime have been adjusted in order to keep the flue gas oxygen content in a relatively narrow range, thus obtaining controlled combustion conditions and lower carbon monoxide emission. In this way, the furnace has been made able to respond to the changes in heating needs, fuel quality and other parameters, which is advantageous in comparison with similar solid-fuel fired furnaces. .

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Nkoi, Barinyima, Confidence Koate, and Howells Idaerefagha Hart. "Thermo-economic Analysis of a Retrofit Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 3 (March 13, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.3.614.

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This paper evaluates the thermo-economics of a retrofit small scale municipal solid waste (MSW)-fueled power plant in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The design parameters for the combustion chamber which utilizes mass combustion in stoker crate furnace is operated at steam saturation pressure of 38.2bar, with fuel consumption rate of 41.3tonnes/hr (11.88kg/s) and was selected for the amount of MSW generated in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data used to assess the availability of the fuel (MSW) were obtained from waste dumpsites controlled by Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA). MATLAB Software modeling was used for the thermodynamic analysis to appropriately retrofit a steam turbine to the selected combustor and the result show that the optimal performance of the proposed MSW plant gives a net power output of 5.23MW. The result further shows that heat in the steam entering the turbine is equivalent to 0.71MWh per tonnes of waste. Therefore, at 17.3% thermal efficiency of the proposed MSW plant, 0.13 MWh of electricity will be produced per tonnes of waste combusted. However, it is estimated that the plant may consume 15% of the electricity, which implies that 0.11MWh/tonne will be exported to the grid. Thus, as the plant is expected to process 340770.3tonnes/yr of MSW, the net electricity output of the proposed plant is estimated at 37.48GWh per year. The economic evaluations have shown that the Net present worth of the plant is $6395107.07 with a payback period of 7years for a 20years life cycle. This work thus indicates huge potentials in generating electrical energy and wealth from MSW in Port Harcourt and beyond with the use of cheap and readily available fuel from municipal solid waste.

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Moliner, Cristina, Filippo Marchelli, and Elisabetta Arato. "Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in North-West Italy." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174390.

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Data on the thermochemical plants fed by solid biomass in the north-west area of Italy (Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont and Aosta Valley) have been organised, analysed and discussed. Moreover, the biomass availability and potential has been evaluated. A total of 28,167 plants have been categorised according to their typology and output: thermo-electric power plants for electricity production, thermal plants for heat production, cogeneration plants for combined heat and electricity production and district heating installations for local heating purposes. In general, separate observations for the different provinces may be drawn. Liguria stands out as the most evident case of under-exploited biomass potential, followed by Aosta Valley, which, however, is rich in hydroelectricity. Lombardy and Piedmont are more virtuous and have several plants in their territory. The construction of new plants and the upgrade of existing ones may bring noteworthy benefits, as well as the use of added value sub-products to foster circular economy approaches.

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Kono, Jun, Yutaka Goto, York Ostermeyer, Rolf Frischknecht, and Holger Wallbaum. "Factors for Eco-Efficiency Improvement of Thermal Insulation Materials." Key Engineering Materials 678 (February 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.678.1.

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Thermal insulation material is an important component to reduce the environmental impact of buildings through the reduction of energy consumption in the operation phase. However, the material itself has embodied environmental impacts for the value it provides. Eco-efficiency is a method that quantifies relation between the environmental performance and the created value of a product system. This study investigated contributing factors of the eco-efficiency of thermal insulation materials to support decision making of material manufacturers. For the improvement of eco-efficiency, the assessment was made in two scopes: investigating the contributing factors of impact caused at production processes; and thermal performance through thermo-physical properties. For quantifying environmental impacts, cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of each materials were made. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) indicators used were ReCiPe H/A and global warming potential (GWP100a). For the assessment of production process, the inventories of the materials were assigned to six categories: heat, chemicals, electricity, transportation, raw materials and wastes. Among the assessed materials, contribution of electricity and heat within the production process was large for foam glass which had the highest potential to improve the eco-efficiency which was by factor 1.72. The analysis on relation between thermo-physical properties and eco-efficiency based on product data of the materials highlighted the importance of density as an indicator upon development and use. Althoughdensity often gains less attention,the finding suggested the effectiveness of improving the efficiency by having lower density without compensating the performance of the materials.

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García-Ferrero, Judit, Irene Heras, María Jesús Santos, Rosa Pilar Merchán, Alejandro Medina, Antonio González, and Antonio Calvo Hernández. "Thermodynamic and Cost Analysis of a Solar Dish Power Plant in Spain Hybridized with a Micro-Gas Turbine." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195178.

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Small-scale hybrid parabolic dish concentrated solar power systems are a promising option to obtain distributed electricity. During the day, solar energy is used to produce electricity, and the absence of sunlight can be overwhelmed with fuel combustion. This study presents a thermo-economic survey for a hybridized power plant in different regions of Spain, considering the local climatic conditions. The developed model considers the instant solar irradiance and ambient temperature dynamically, providing an estimation of the power output, the associated fuel consumption, and the most relevant pollutant emissions linked to combustion. Hybrid and combustion-only operating modes at selected geographical locations in Spain (with different latitudes, mean solar irradiances, and meteorological conditions) are analyzed. The levelized cost of electricity indicator is estimated as a function of investment, interest rate, maintenance, and fuel consumption actual costs in Spain. Values of about 124 €/MWhe are feasible. Fuel consumption and emissions in hybrid operation can be reduced above 30% with respect to those of the same turbine working in a pure combustion mode. This model shows the potential of hybrid solar dishes to become cost-competitive against non-renewable technologies from the point of view of costs and reduction in gas emission levels in regions with high solar radiation and low water resources.

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Artyukhov, Denis, Nikolay Kiselev, Nikolay Gorshkov, Natalya Kovyneva, Olga Ganzha, Maria Vikulova, Alexander Gorokhovsky, Peter Offor, Elena Boychenko, and Igor Burmistrov. "Harvesting Waste Thermal Energy Using a Surface-Modified Carbon Fiber-Based Thermo-Electrochemical Cell." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031377.

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An important direction in the development of energy saving policy is harvesting and conversion into electricity of low-grade waste heat. The present paper is devoted to the improvement of the efficiency of thermo-electrochemical cells based on carbon fiber electrodes and potassium ferri-/ferrocyanide redox electrolyte. The influence of the carbon fiber electrode surface modification (magnetron deposition of silver and titanium or infiltration implantation of nanoscale titanium oxide) on the output power and parameters of the impedance equivalent scheme of a thermo-electrochemical cell has been studied. Two kinds of cell designs (a conventional electrochemical cell with a salt bridge and a coin cell-type body) were investigated. It was found that the nature of the surface modification of electrodes can change the internal resistance of the cell by three orders of magnitude. The dependence of the equivalent scheme parameters and output power density of the thermoelectric cell on the type of electrode materials was presented. It was observed that the maximum power for carbon fiber modified with titanium metal and titanium oxide was 25.2 mW/m2 and the efficiency was 1.37%.

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Firak, Mihajlo. "Comparative analysis of the solar dish electricity production." Thermal Science 9, no. 3 (2005): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0503069f.

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Round parabolic solar mirror is of ten called the solar or sun dish. Even when the dish is faceted into several smaller dishes (facets) which are all focusing the sunlight in the single point (focus), it is called a solar dish. When solar radiation to electricity converter is mounted into the dish focus and the sun-tracking system is provided, it could be named solar dish/converter system. Depending on the sort of the converter, two promising systems which are approaching the commercialization could be mentioned. These are solar dish/Sterling system and solar dish/photo voltaic system. In this paper, majority of the technical and economical aspects of the two systems are examined and compared. Two systems are chosen to represent this: SAIC/STM Sun Dish TM, solar dish with Sterling heat engine/generator, and Solar Systems SS20TM representing solar dish with concentrating photovoltaic converter. It is concluded that solar dish with concentrated photovoltaic converter can have much better cost/performance ratio. It is also concluded that recently introduced thermo acoustical converter and photovoltaic cavity converter, probably des ignites future development of the solar dish systems. World?s potential of in stalling solar dish systems according to geographic and climate conditions wisest mated. Also, the number of solar dishes which could, in stalled in Croatia cover yearly state?s electricity consumption was calculated.

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Cai, Hu, Peng Zhang, and Yuan Xun Wang. "Prediction Control Method of Spot Welded Nugget Size Based on Finite Element Analysis of Thermo-Electricity Transient." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.151.

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Dual-phase steel is a type of sheet material newly developed to adapt to the lightweight and safety needs of vehicle. In this paper, 1.7 mm thick dual-phase steel DP600 was taken as the object of study, its resistance spot welding performance characteristics and welding mechanism was studied in detail. The thermoelectricity transient process of welding was simulated with the finite element software and the experiment under corresponding welding parameters. It’s found that, under proper current circumstances, the simulated nugget size and the experimental result is in good agreement except the large current, the simulated deformation morphology and experimental result can be consistent, which indicates the good accuracy of analysis on resistance spot welding mechanism of dual-phase steel DP600. According to the results, the specific method and theoretical basis about nugget size and welding deformation predictive control was discussed, created the mutual relations between the resistance spot welding performance characteristics and welding mechanism of dual-phase steel DP600. The study effort has practical significance in comprehensively understanding the resistances spot welding mechanism of dual-phase steel, as well as in application and quality control of duplex steel in automotive body welding.

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Wang, Yufang, Zhengyu Li, and Qing Li. "Investigation of the Influence of the Clearance of Linear Alternator on Thermo-acoustic Electricity Generator without Resonator." Physics Procedia 67 (2015): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.119.

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Ouyang, Bangsen, Cheng Chang, Li-Dong Zhao, Zhong Lin Wang, and Ya Yang. "Thermo-photoelectric coupled effect induced electricity in N-type SnSe:Br single crystals for enhanced self-powered photodetectors." Nano Energy 66 (December 2019): 104111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104111.

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Gao, Tiantian, Yun Ji, and Ya Yang. "Thermo‐Phototronic Effect Induced Electricity in Long Semiconducting ZnO Materials for Self‐Powered Light and Temperature Sensors." Advanced Materials Technologies 5, no. 7 (May 12, 2020): 2000176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000176.

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Tran, T. V., I. C. Lee, and K. Kim. "Electricity production characterization of a Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell using different thermo-treated flat carbon cloth electrodes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 60 (December 2019): 32192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.076.

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Jung, Sang-Mun, Jaesub Kwon, Jinhyeon Lee, Byung-Jo Lee, Kyu-Su Kim, Dong-Seok Yu, and Yong-Tae Kim. "Hybrid thermo-electrochemical energy harvesters for conversion of low-grade thermal energy into electricity via tungsten electrodes." Applied Energy 299 (October 2021): 117334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117334.

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Melane, Mandlakazi, Cori Ham, and Martina Meincken. "Characteristics of selected non-woody invasive alien plants in South Africa and an evaluation of their potential for electricity generation." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, no. 3 (September 22, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i3a1896.

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Alien invasive plants (AIPs) pose a threat to the existence of plant and animal biodiversity in the ecosystems they invade. They need to be cleared, monitored and eventually eradicated from the landscape. The potential and the economic viability to supply non-woody AIP biomass for electricity generation were assessed in this study, which was conducted on samples from 13 common non-woody AIPs in South Africa, namely: Arundo donax (giant reed), Lantana camara (lantana), Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed), Ricinus communis (castor-oil plant), Opuntia ficus-indica (sweet prickly pear), Solanum mauritianum (bugweed), Atriplex nummularia (saltbush), Cestrum laevigatum (inkberry), Senna didymobotrya (peanut butter cassia), Chromoleana odorata (chromoleana), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Cerus jamacaru (queen of the night) and Agave sisilana (sisal plant). Proximate and ultimate analysis was made in order to assess the suitability of the biomass for different thermo-chemical conversion techniques for electricity generation. A financial evaluation of the costs to supply biomass to the plant gate was performed by combining the harvesting, chipping and transport costs. The results showed that the biomass of giant reed, lantana, bugweed, saltbush, inkberry, cassia and Chromoleana may be used to generate electricity through combustion, although the total average cost was approximately 50% higher than that of woody biomass feedstock, requiring a ‘fuel cost subsidy’ to justify their utilisation for energy production.

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Fiaschi, Daniele, Giampaolo Manfrida, Karolina Petela, Federico Rossi, Adalgisa Sinicropi, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Exergo-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Solar Integrated Thermo-Electric Storage." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133484.

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Renewable energies are often subject to stochastic resources and daily cycles. Energy storage systems are consequently applied to provide a solution for the mismatch between power production possibility and its utilization period. In this study, a solar integrated thermo-electric energy storage (S-TEES) is analyzed both from an economic and environmental point of view. The analyzed power plant with energy storage includes three main cycles, a supercritical CO2 power cycle, a heat pump and a refrigeration cycle, indirectly connected by sensible heat storages. The hot reservoir is pressurized water at 120/160 °C, while the cold reservoir is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, maintained at −10/−20 °C. Additionally, the power cycle’s evaporator section rests on a solar-heated intermediate temperature (95/40 °C) heat reservoir. Exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses are performed to identify the most critical components of the system and to obtain the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), as well as the environmental indicators of the system. Both economic and environmental analyses revealed that solar energy converting devices are burdened with the highest impact indicators. According to the results of exergo-economic analysis, it turned out that average annual LCOE of S-TEES can be more than two times higher than the regular electricity prices. However, the true features of the S-TEES system should be only fully assessed if the economic results are balanced with environmental analysis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that the proposed S-TEES system has about two times lower environmental impact than referential hydrogen storage systems compared in the study.

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Puchkin, Vladimir, Ilya Turkin, Larisa Salanti, Olga Sumskaja, and Vladimir Kornienko. "Study increase the mechanical characteristics of tool materials by cryogenic treatment." E3S Web of Conferences 279 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127901011.

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In this work, the hypothesis of taking into account a specific thermoEMF to determine the degree of hardening of the cutting tool by cryogenic hardening is put forward, which is the most convenient and important value from the point of view of information content. As a result of studies of improving the mechanical characteristics of instrumental materials by cryogenic treatment, the values of the absolute and specific values of thermo emf were revealed depending on the temperature of three instrumental materials obtained by tarrying them together with platinum. The values of temperatures at the maximum values of the specific thermo emf, have been obtained. It was found that deep cooling of the metal increases the degree of ordering of its structure and increases the vibrational energy of the crystal lattice. The results of the study showed that the resistance of the cryogenic cutting tool increases by up to three times, this positively affects the energy efficiency of the use of such a tool in production. The reduction of energy costs is expressed in the reduction of kilowatt-hours associated with the costs of sharpening the tool and can reach up to 30% of the total amount of electricity consumed.

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Knight, Richard, Mitsuru Obana, Christer von Wowern, Athanasios Mitakakis, Erhard Perz, Mohsen Assadi, Bjo¨rn F. Mo¨ller, et al. "GTPOM: Thermo-Economic Optimization of Whole Gas Turbine Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 3 (June 13, 2006): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850511.

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Trends towards distributed power generation and the deregulation of energy markets are increasing the requirement for software tools that optimize power generation plant design and operation. In this context, this paper describes the GTPOM (thermo-economic optimization of whole gas turbine plant) European project, funded in part through the European Commission’s 5th Framework Programme, focusing on the development and demonstration of an original software tool for the thermo-economic analysis and optimization of conventional and advanced energy systems based on gas turbine plant. PSEconomy, the software tool developed during the GTPOM project, provides a thermo-economic optimization capability for advanced and more-conventional energy systems, enabling the complex trade-offs between system performance and installed costs to be determined for different operational duties and market scenarios. Furthermore, the code is capable of determining the potential benefits of innovative cycles or layout modifications to existing plants compared with current plant configurations. The economic assessment is performed through a complete through-life cycle cost analysis, which includes the total capital cost of the plant, the cost of fuel, O&M costs and the expected revenues from the sale of power and heat. The optimization process, carried out with a GA-based algorithm, is able to pursue different objective functions as specified by the User. These include system efficiency, through-life cost of electricity and through-life internal rate of return. Three case studies demonstrating the capabilities of the new tool are presented in this paper, covering a conventional combined cycle system, a biomass plant and a CO2 sequestration gas turbine cycle. The software code is now commercially available and is expected to provide significant advantages in the near and long-term development of energy cycles.

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Remeli, Muhammad Fairuz, Abhijit Date, Baljit Singh, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Passive Power Generation and Heat Recovery from Waste Heat." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.789.

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This research presents a passive method of waste heat recovery and conversion to electricity using Thermo-Electric Generator (TEG). For this purpose, a lab scale bench-top prototype of waste heat recovery and conversion system was designed and fabricated. This bench top system consists of the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) sandwiched between two heat pipes, one connected to the hot side of the TEG and the second connected to the cold side of the TEG. A 2 kW electric heater was used to replicate the waste heat. An electric fan was used to provide air into the system. A theoretical model was developed to predict the system performance. The model was found in good agreement with the experimental data.

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Pourmoghadam, Nasrin, and Nezihe Ayas. "Graphene As A Hydrogen Storage Material." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129405003.

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Although, hydrogen is a promising key solution for the effective delivery of electricity, the issue of finding materials for efficient storage has still remained a significant challenge. Due to the marvelous features of graphene and graphene-based structures, they can be one of the best candidates among all the materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synthesis of graphene oxide by improved hummers method and graphene by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) technique which is safe, easy, economical, and high in quality. In addition, the prepared samples were analyzed and characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis) Setaram Labsys Evo), UV–VIS absorbance spectra, XRD (X-ray diffractometer).

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Mendecka, Barbara, Lidia Lombardi, and Wojciech Stanek. "Analysis of life cycle thermo-ecological cost of electricity from wind and its application for future incentive mechanism." Energy Conversion and Management 170 (August 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.084.

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López González, Lisbet Mailín, Ileana Pereda Reyes, Julio Pedraza Gárciga, Ernesto L. Barrera, and Osvaldo Romero Romero. "Effects of press- mud pre-treatment on the feasibility of biogas production." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 92 (May 23, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20190520.

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In this study, an energetic, economic and environmental feasibility for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of press mud previously pretreated with liquid hot water (LHW) or thermo-alkaline (TA) methods were assessed. A typical Cuban sugar mill was selected as ¨Case Study¨. The sugar mill has a potential capacity to process 4600 t d-1of sugar cane and operates 130 days per year. The biogas produced can be used to feed an internal combustion engine to produce electricity and heat. It was assumed that the electricity will be sold to the national electric grid and the heat recovered from the exhaust gases will be used as energy source to supply the thermal demand for press mud pre-treatments. The thermal requirements for pre-treatments (9.4 and 12.1 MWh d-1) were energy sufficient by recovering the heat from the engine exhaust. For the alternatives considered, an improvement of the environmental profile with respect to the reference scenario was obtained. The profitability of methane production also increased for alternatives considering pre-treatment. In general, the economical, energetic and environmental assessment showed the best indicators for the AD of press mud using LHW pre-treatment.

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Baldini, Andrea, Luca Cerofolini, Daniele Fiaschi, Giampaolo Manfrida, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Thermodynamic Assessment on the Integration of Thermo-Electric Modules in a Wood Fireplace." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0056.

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Abstract The growing demand for electricity produced from renewable sources and the development of new technologies for the combustion of biomass, arose a growing interest on the possible coupling of thermoelectric modules with stove-fireplaces. The current thermoelectric generators have a solid structure, do not produce noise, do not require maintenance and can be used for the recovery of waste heat or excess, at the same time they hold a very low conversion efficiency and they need an adequate cooling system. Nevertheless, they still hold a cost, which is still too high to make them attractive. Nonetheless, if the modules are applied to a heat source which otherwise would be wasted, the attractiveness of the solution certainly rises. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of a stove-fireplace is presented, considering both combustion process and the flame – walls heat transfer of the. A design solution for a concentrator device to funnel the wasted heat from the fireplace to the thermo-electric modules is also presented.

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Yu, Shu Rong, Su Hou De, and Jian Ling Fan. "Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Material Beams in a Uniform Electric Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.3.

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Free vibration of thermal post-buckled functionally graded material (FGM) beams in a uniform electric field subjected to both temperature rise and voltage is studied. Voltage has a great influence on the deformation of the beam, and Thermo-electric post-buckling equilibrium paths and characteristic curves of the first three natural frequencies versus the temperature, the electricity and the material gradient parameters are plotted. It is found that the three lowest frequencies of the pre-buckled beam decrease with an increase in the temperature, but those of a buckled beam increase monotonically with the temperature rise. The results also show that the tensional force produced in the piezoelectric layers by the voltage can efficiently increase the critical buckling temperature and the natural frequency.

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Stelmachowski, Marek, and Krzysztof Słowiński. "Thermal and thermo-catalytic conversion of waste polyolefins to fuel-like mixture of hydrocarbons." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0016-z.

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Thermal and thermo-catalytic conversion of waste polyolefins to fuel-like mixture of hydrocarbons Results of the investigation of thermal degradation of polyolefins in the laboratory-scale set-up reactors are presented in the paper. Melting and cracking processes were carried out in two different types of reactors at the temperature of 390-420°C. This article presents the results obtained for conversion of polyolefin waste in a reactor with a stirrer. Next, they were compared with the results obtained for the process carried out in a reactor with a molten metal bed, which was described in a previous publication. For both processes, the final product consisted of a gaseous (2-16 % mass) and a liquid (84-98 % mass) part. No solid product was produced. The light, "gasoline" fraction of the liquid hydrocarbons mixture (C4-C10) made up over 50% of the liquid product. The overall (vapor) product may be used for electricity generation and the liquid product for fuel production.

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Ding, K., D. Molenaar, and A. Kapoor. "Prediction of voltage loss on electrical connections for aluminium smelter reduction cells." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 4 (September 14, 2011): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211417369.

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Aluminium smelter reduction cells typically operate at 4.5 V and 100–400 kA DC. The voltage loss associated with electrical conductors and connections is approximately 0.4 V, which equates to 10 per cent of the total electricity consumed in the reduction cell. It is estimated that process improvements of 5 MW per plant (50 000 t CO2e pa for coal based electricity) are possible through optimization of the stub to carbon (STC) contact interfaces within the anode assembly. The objective of this study is to develop a finite element analysis (FEA) model to predict the voltage loss through the STC contact interfaces as a function of electrical contact resistance (ECR) and thus evaluate the effect of this ECR on cell operation. ECR is affected by the pressure and temperature at the STC contact surfaces and is potentially sensitive to a change in stub diameter or thermal properties of cover material. In this article, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical-electrical FEA has been developed to model the process of casting in a typical anode assembly and its subsequent usage in the reduction cell. The ECR and its dependence on temperature and contact pressure have been derived from data available in the public domain. The FEA results are presented and discussed.

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Ghazaie, Seyed Hadi, Khashayar Sadeghi, Ekaterina Sokolova, Evgeniy Fedorovich, and Amirsaeed Shirani. "Nuclear desalination in Iran, current status and perspectives." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914004001.

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Nuclear power can be categorized as a clean energy source for producing electricity and supplying the required energy to a desalination plant, promising less atmospheric emission in comparison to fossil fuels. Considering the fact that fresh water-related issues are acute in many countries of the world, the utilization of desalination technologies seems to be the key solution to these problems. Desalination processes are known to be “energy-intensive”, emphasizing the potential advantages of its integration to a nuclear power plant in mediumto large-scale seawater desalination projects. The demand for electricity and fresh water in Iran compels the country to search for a feasible option. We suggest nuclear desalination as a suitable alternative, in which the recovered heat can be used in thermal desalination systems. In this article, the status of currently operating desalination plants and future developments are described. Several possible schemes for coupling nuclear power plant and fossil fuel-based plants with desalination technologies are suggested and some thermo-economic analysis (based on the specific characteristics of the country) are presented. Results of calculations reveal some advantages of nuclear desalination complex and its competitiveness with other options. It should be noted that the research has been conducted by cooperation of two SPbPU PhD students with Iranian citizenship.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermo-electricity'

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