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1

Munster, Andrew M. "ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THERMAL TRAUMA." Chest 100, no. 4 (October 1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)32467-9.

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Munster, Andrew M. "Endocrinology of Thermal Trauma." Critical Care Medicine 19, no. 2 (February 1991): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199102000-00047.

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3

Kowal-Vern, Areta, Mary Margaret Sharp-Pucci, Jeanine M. Walenga, David J. Dries, and Richard L. Gamelli. "Trauma and Thermal Injury." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 44, no. 2 (February 1998): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199802000-00016.

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4

Spierings, Th M., M. C. R. B. Peters, and A. J. M. Plasschaert. "Thermal trauma to teeth." Dental Traumatology 1, no. 4 (August 1985): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1985.tb00575.x.

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5

Carter, Edward A., Walter Jung, Paul H. Ehrlich, and Andrew Ouellette. "Thermal Trauma and Gastrointestinal Function." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 9, no. 4 (July 1988): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-198807000-00007.

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6

Walsh, D. S., P. Siritongtaworn, K. Pattanapanyasat, P. Thavichaigarn, P. Kongcharoen, N. Jiarakul, P. Tongtawe, et al. "Lymphocyte activation after non-thermal trauma." British Journal of Surgery 87, no. 2 (February 2000): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01341.x.

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7

Tropea, B. I., and R. C. Lee. "Thermal Injury Kinetics in Electrical Trauma." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891378.

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The distribution of electrical current and the resultant Joule heating in tissues of the human upper extremity for a worst-case hand-to-hand high-voltage electrical shock was modelled by solving the Bioheat equation using the finite element method. The model of the upper extremity included skin, fat, skeletal muscle, and bone. The parameter sets for these tissues included specific thermal and electrical properties and their respective tissue blood flow rates. The extent of heat mediated cellular injury was estimated by using a damage rate equation based on a single energy barrier chemical reaction model. No cellular injury was assumed to occur for temperatures less than 42°C. This model was solved for the duration of Joule heating required to produce membrane damage in cells, termed the lethal time (of contact) for injury. LT’s were determined for contact voltages ranging from 5 to 20 kV. For a 10,000 volt electrical shock LT’s for skeletal muscle are predicted to be: 0.5 second in the distal forearm, 1.1 second in the mid-forearm, 1.2 second in the proximal elbow, and 2.0 seconds in the mid-arm. This analysis of the electrical shock provides useful insight into the mechanisms of resultant tissue damage and provides important performance guidelines for the development of safety devices.
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8

MILLER, ROBERT P., STEVEN D. GRAY, ROBIN T. COTTON, and CHARLES M. MYER. "AIRWAY RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING LARYNGOTRACHEAL THERMAL TRAUMA." Laryngoscope 98, no. 8 (August 1988): 826???829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198808000-00007.

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9

Левин, Г. Я., А. Н. Поповичева, and Л. Н. Соснина. "Hemorheological disorders in children with thermal trauma." ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia», no. 3() (September 16, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2020.03.74-79.

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Цель исследования - изучение динамики изменения реологических свойств крови и их корреляции с параметрами эритроцитов в процессе лечения детей после термической травмы. Методика. Исследование проведено на 32 детях в возрасте от 3 до 17 лет с ожогами площадью от 10 до 70% поверхности тела в период лечения, начиная с 3-х суток после термической травмы и до полного закрытия ожоговых ран и выписки пациента из стационара. Изучали состояние цитоскелета эритроцитов методом термоиндукции, их агрегацию и дезагрегацию с помощью модифицированного нами реоскопа Н. Schmid-Schönbein и соавт. [1973], их деформируемость и морфологию агрегатов эритроцитов, а также рассчитывали эритроцитарные индексы. Результаты. Установлено, что после ожога происходит резкое усиление агрегации эритроцитов и прочности агрегатов, но значительно снижается их деформируемость. Нарушение реологических свойств крови сопровождает все стадии ожоговой болезни и сохраняется при выписке больных из стационара. Нарушения гемореологии коррелируют с изменениями концентрации фибриногена, состоянием цитоскелета эритроцитов и их физическими свойствами - размером эритроцитов и содержанием в них гемоглобина. Заключение. Стойкие и выраженные нарушения реологических свойств крови у детей при ожоговой болезни могут являться важнейшей причиной редукции снабжения кислородом жизненно важных органов и развития их недостаточности. Простым, хотя и предварительным, методом оценки состояния гемореологии может служить измерение эритроцитарных индексов. Aim. To study hemorheological changes and their correlation with the size of red blood cells (RBCs) during the treatment of thermal injury in children. Methods. The study included 32 children ages 3 to 17 with burns affecting 10% to 70% of the total body area during the treatment period between the 3rd day after the burn and complete wound closure. Aggregation and disaggregation of red blood cells was analyzed using a H. Schmid-Schönbein et al. [1973] rheoscope in our modification. In addition, erythrocyte deformability, morphology of erythrocyte aggregates, and the state of erythrocyte cytoskeleton were studied using thermoinduction, and erythrocyte indices were calculated. Results. After a burn injury, erythrocyte aggregation and the strength of erythrocyte aggregates were increased whereas their deformability was decreased. Disorders of blood rheology accompanied all stages of burn disease and remained at the patient discharge. Hemorheological disorders correlated with changes in fibrinogen concentrations and with changes in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton, size, and the amount of contained hemoglobin. Conclusion. The stable and pronounced disorders of blood rheological properties in children with burn disease may be an essential cause for reduction of oxygen supply to vital organs and their failure. The measurement of erythrocyte indices may represent a simple though preliminary method for assessing hemorheology.
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10

Jones, Jacqueline E., and David Rosenberg. "Management of laryngotracheal thermal trauma in children." Laryngoscope 105, no. 5 (May 1995): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199505000-00019.

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11

Jeschke, M. G., R. E. Barrow, H. Hawkins, R. Perez-Polo, B. Lichtenbelt, and D. N. Herndon. "IGF-1 Gene Transfer in Thermal Trauma." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 19 (January 1998): S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-199801001-00061.

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12

Radke, Alexander, Khosrow Mottaghy, Christine Goldmann, Ramin Khorram-Sefat, Birgit Kovacs, Alfons Janssen, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Bernd Hafemann, Norbert Pallua, and Michael Kirschfink. "C1 inhibitor prevents capillary leakage after thermal trauma." Critical Care Medicine 28, no. 9 (September 2000): 3224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200009000-00018.

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13

Sachse, Christopher, Gudrun Wolterink, and Norbert Pallua. "Neutrophil intracellular pH and phagocytosis after thermal trauma." Clinica Chimica Acta 295, no. 1-2 (May 2000): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00189-3.

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14

Mannu, G. S., and A. Vaidya. "Thermal trauma to abdominal wall vascularised composite allotransplant." Case Reports 2014, feb26 1 (February 26, 2014): bcr2013202692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-202692.

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15

Khangoora, Vikramjit, Jessica Burgess, and Matthew Leatherman. "1574: DEXMEDETOMIDINE-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA IN THERMAL BURN TRAUMA." Critical Care Medicine 46, no. 1 (January 2018): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000529575.81424.6f.

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16

Carlson, D., M. Willis, D. Branham, D. White, J. Horton, and B. Giroir. "MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES MEDIATE CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION FOLLOWING THERMAL TRAUMA." Shock 21 (June 2004): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200406002-00012.

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17

Olszewska, Karolina, Dorota Zielinska, Marcin H. Struszczyk, Łukasz Wierzbicki, and Marcin K. Leonowicz. "Thermal stability of the elastomeric anti-trauma pad." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0034.

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AbstractThe elastomeric anti-trauma pad (EA-TP) based on shear thickening fluid (STF) has been developed. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiment was conducted at constant strain amplitude of 5%. STF composed of 25% of volume fraction of 7 nm Fumed Silica, dispersed in polypropylene glycol with molar mass 400 gmol−1shows elastic properties in entire investigated range of the frequency. Ballistic tests of EA-TP with 7.62 mm × 39 mm PS bullets were performed according to the PN-V-87000:2011 standard. The studies revealed about 60% reduction of the average backface signature depth (BSD) for the EA-TP, when compared to the nowadays commonly used soft insert. The ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed slight impact of the elevated temperature and air (oxygen) on the chemical degradation of the EA-TP surface. The UV-VIS spectroscopy has allowed to notice colour deviation of the aged samples towards green and yellow, as well as lack of dye resistance to accelerated aging process. Thermographic analysis has shown no visible changes of the EA-TP surface and sub-surface during accelerated aging process. The aforementioned small changes on the surface of EA-TP did not affect the ballistic properties of composite armour. EA-TP insert maintains ballistic properties after accelerated aging process which was simulating the period of 6 years according to ASTM F1980 – 07:2002 standard.
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18

Gao, Shan, Zhi-Wu Chen, Hong Zheng, and Xu-Lin Chen. "Ligustrazine attenuates acute myocardium injury after thermal trauma." Burns 33, no. 3 (May 2007): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2006.07.002.

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19

Claassen, Leif, Stephan Papst, Kerstin Reimers, Christina Stukenborg-Colsman, Lars Steinstraesser, Peter M. Vogt, Theresia Kraft, and Andreas D. Niederbichler. "Transdermal Nicotine Application Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction after Severe Thermal Injury." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/292076.

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Background. Severe burn trauma leads to an immediate and strong inflammatory response inciting cardiac dysfunction that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether transdermal application of nicotine could influence the burn-induced cardiac dysfunction via its known immunomodulatory effects.Material and Methods. A standardized rat burn model was used in 35 male Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into a control group, a burn trauma group, a burn trauma group with additional nicotine treatment, and a sham group with five experimental animals per group. The latter two groups received nicotine administration. Using microtip catheterization, functional parameters of the heart were assessed 12 or 24 hours after infliction of burn trauma.Results. Burn trauma led to significantly decreased blood pressure (BP) values whereas nicotine administration normalized BP. As expected, burn trauma also induced a significant deterioration of myocardial contractility and relaxation parameters. After application of nicotine these adverse effects were attenuated.Conclusion. The present study showed that transdermal nicotine administration has normalizing effects on burn-induced myocardial dysfunction parameters. Further research is warranted to gain insight in molecular mechanisms and pathways and to evaluate potential treatment options in humans.
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20

Colman, Daniel, Jos?? V. C. Vargas, Marcos L. Brioschi, Maria I. C. Lorusso, and Alexandre K. da Silva. "Thermal Response of Rats to Different Types of Trauma." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 57, no. 6 (December 2004): 1287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000109886.36684.5b.

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21

Soboleva, M. Yu. "Morphological Characteristics of Skin in Children With Thermal Trauma." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 6, no. 2 (2017): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2017-6-2-108-114.

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22

Horton, Jureta W., D. Jean White, David Maass, Billy Sanders, Marita Thompson, and Brett Giroir. "Calcium Antagonists Improve Cardiac Mechanical Performance after Thermal Trauma." Journal of Surgical Research 87, no. 1 (November 1999): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1999.5726.

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23

Radke, A., K. Mottaghy, C. H. Goldmann, D. von Heimburg, G. van Mierlo, H. te Velthuis, C. E. Hack, et al. "Complement Activation and Possible Therapeutic Interventions in Thermal Trauma." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 21 (January 2000): S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200001001-00127.

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24

Curtis, M. J., and J. A. Clarke. "Skeletal injury in thermal trauma: a review of management." Injury 20, no. 6 (November 1989): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(89)90005-3.

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25

Hilton, James G., and Daniel S. Marullo. "Effects of thermal trauma on cardiac force of contraction." Burns 12, no. 3 (February 1986): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(86)90154-3.

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26

Barillo, David J., William G. Cioffi, William F. McManus, and Basil A. Pruitt. "Thermal trauma resulting from motor vehicle operation or maintenance." Accident Analysis & Prevention 27, no. 6 (December 1995): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(95)00024-0.

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27

Jeschke, Marc G., Ralf Einspanier, Dagmar Klein, and Karl-Walter Jauch. "Insulin Attenuates the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Thermal Trauma." Molecular Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 2002): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402024.

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28

Chang, Jaimie, Emily Hejna, Chih-Yuan Fu, Francesco Bajani, Leah Tatabe, Victoria Schlanser, Matthew Kaminsky, et al. "Patients With Combined Thermal and Intraabdominal Injuries: More Salvageable Than Not." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa052.

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Abstract This study aims to better characterize the course and outcome of the uncommon subset of trauma patients with combined thermal and intraabdominal organ injuries. The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for burn patients with intraabdominal injury treated in all U.S. trauma centers from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2015. General demographics, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), shock index (SI), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) for burn, Injury Severity Score (ISS), blood transfusions, and abdominal surgery were evaluated. During the 5-year study period, there were 334 burn patients with intraabdominal injury, 39 (13.2%) of which received abdominal surgery. Burn patients who underwent operations had more severe injuries reflected by higher SI, AIS, ISS, blood transfusion, and worse outcomes including higher mortality, longer hospital and ICU length of stay, and more ventilator days compared to patients who did not undergo an operation. Nonsurvivors also exhibited more severe injuries, and a higher proportion received abdominal operation compared to survivors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that GCS on arrival, SI, AIS, ISS, blood transfusion, and abdominal operation to be independent risk factors for mortality. Propensity score matching to control covariables (mean age, systolic blood pressure on arrival, GCS on arrival, SI, ISS, time to operation, blood transfusion, and comorbidities) showed that of trauma patients who received abdominal operation, those with concomitant burn injury exhibited a higher rate of complications but no significant difference in mortality compared to those without burns, suggesting that patients with concomitant burns are not less salvageable than nonburned trauma patients.
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29

Horton, Jureta W., Jean White, and David Maass. "Protein Kinase C Inhibition Improves Ventricular Function after Thermal Trauma." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 44, no. 2 (February 1998): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199802000-00002.

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30

Shupp, Jeffrey W., Kathleen E. Brummel-Ziedins, Mitchell J. Cohen, Kalev Freeman, Rasha Hammamieh, Uma S. Mudunuri, Thomas Orfeo, et al. "Assessment of Coagulation Homeostasis in Blunt, Penetrating, and Thermal Trauma." SHOCK 52 (October 2019): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000001275.

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31

Hilton, James G. "Effects of thermal trauma on dog erythrocyte ATPase and shape." Burns 12, no. 2 (December 1985): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(85)90031-2.

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32

Prior, Shannon, Myung Park, Kenneth Mann, and Saulius Butenas. "Endogenous Procoagulant Activity in Trauma Patients and Its Relationship to Trauma Severity." TH Open 03, no. 01 (January 2019): e10-e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677030.

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Background It has been observed that trauma patients have elevated plasma procoagulant activity that could be assigned to an elevated concentration of tissue factor (TF). However, in many instances there is a discrepancy between the levels of TF and the procoagulant activity observed. We hypothesized that factor XIa (FXIa) could be responsible for this additional activity and that the presence and levels of both proteins could correlate with trauma severity. Methods Citrate plasma from 98 trauma patients (47 blunt, 17 penetrating, and 34 thermal) were evaluated in clotting assays for the presence of FXIa and TF activity using respective inhibitory antibodies. Results When the three trauma patient groups were divided into two cohorts (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 25 and ISS ≤ 25), higher frequencies and concentrations of both TF and FXIa were observed for all the more severe injury subgroups. Conclusions The majority of trauma patients have active FXIa in their plasma, with a significant fraction having active TF as well. Additionally, both TF and FXIa frequency and concentration directly relate to trauma severity. These data suggest the use of these two proteins as potential markers for the stratification of trauma patients.
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33

Korytskyi, V. G. "Peculiarities of structural reorganization of the thyroid gland vessels in dynamics after experimental thermal trauma." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(4)-05.

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Thermal trauma and burn disease, which develops from deep, large lesions, are accompanied by significant morphological and functional changes not only in the skin, but also in organs of all systems of the body, including thyroid gland. The purpose of the study was to establish a microscopic reorganization of the animal thyroid gland in dynamics after an experimental thermal trauma. Burns of the third degree were applied under ketamine anesthesia with copper plates heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97–100 °С. The affected area corresponded 18–20% of the surface of the rat’s body. Experimental study of structural changes in the vascular bed of the thyroid gland after severe thermal trauma was carried out on laboratory white male rats weighing 160–180 g. Euthanasia of rats was performed after ketamine anesthesia, by decapitation. Structural changes in the thyroid gland were studied after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days from the beginning of the experiment. Histologic sections of 5–6 µm thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For the study of the connective tissue condition and its main substance, silver impregnation was performed by using the Gordon-Sweet's method (to detect reticular and immature collagen fibers), staining with 3-colored MSB — selective coloring method for intravascular coagulation syndrome. It has been established that in the early stages after the thermal trauma (1–7 days of the experiment, the stage of shock and early toxemia) there are adaptive-compensatory changes and initial signs of destruction of the vascular bed structural components of the organ. In late terms (14–21 days of the experiment, the stages of late toxemia and septicotoxemia) significant destructive-degenerative changes of the thyroid gland arteries, veins and blood vessels of the hemocirculatory bed were detected. Therefore, a severe burn injury causes deep histological modification of the thyroid gland vessels, the degree of intensity of which depends on the time interval of the experiment, which adversely affects on the functioning of the organ and transvascular metabolic processes. In further researches it is planned to study the course of morphological changes of thyroid gland vessels during thermal trauma with combined application of corrective methods.
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34

Mironov, Ye V. "Histological picture in the skin of rats within a month after burn II-III degree against the background of the introduction for first 7 days 0.9% NaCl solution." Reports of Morphology 25, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(4)-03.

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Burn disease is a complex of pathological changes that occur in the body due to the action of a thermal agent and are life-threatening. The problem of skin burns still remains relevant today. Insufficiently studied features of pathogenesis and methods of treatment of thermal trauma are the cause of considerable interest of scientists in this problem. The aim is to study the features of microscopic changes in the skin of rats during the month after grade II-III burn on the background of the introduction of the first 7 days of 0.9% NaCL solution. The studies were performed on 360 laboratory white male rats weighing 155-160 g. During the experiment, the animals were divided into 4 groups: 1st, 2nd groups – rats without thermal trauma infused with 0.9% NaCl solution and HAES-LX-5% at a dose of 10 ml/kg. In the 3rd, 4th groups, rats were infused with 0.9% NaCl solution and HAES-LX-5% at a dose of 10 ml/kg after skin burns. Burning skin damage was caused by applying to the lateral surfaces of the trunk of rats for 10 seconds four copper plates, heated in water at a constant temperature of 100°C. Histological preparations were prepared by standard procedure and examined using an OLYMPUS BH-2 light microscope. Conducted microscopic studies of the skin of animals after thermal trauma under the conditions of application of 0.9% NaCl solution found that in the early stages of the experiment (1, 3, 7 days) compensatory and adaptive changes of its structural components are combined with signs of destructive disorders. In the later periods of thermal trauma (14, 21 and 30 days), the destructive changes of the structural components of the skin in the lesion area deepen, and the process becomes irreversible.
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35

Viter, V. S., and K. S. Volkov. "SUBMICROSCOPIC CHANGES OF THE MYOCARDIALMICROCIRCULATORYBED IN CASE OF EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL TRAUMA." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 10, no. 4 (October 25, 2011): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.10.4.2011.6.

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36

Hart, Graeme K. "Book Review: Endocrinology of Thermal Trauma: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Clinical Interpretation." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 19, no. 1 (February 1991): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9101900137.

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37

Mikhalchik, E. V., A. V. Ivanova, M. V. Anurov, S. M. Titkova, L. Yu Penkov, Z. F. Kharaeva, and L. G. Korkina. "Wound-Healing Effect of Papaya-Based Preparation in Experimental Thermal Trauma." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 2004): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:bebm.0000042711.31775.f7.

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38

Tomera, John F., and J. A. Jeevendra Martyn. "Thermal trauma alters myocardial cyclic nucleotides and protein content in mice." British Journal of Pharmacology 101, no. 2 (October 1990): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12698.x.

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39

KUWAGATA, YASUYUKI, HISASHI SUGIMOTO, TOSHIHARU YOSHIOKA, and TSUYOSHI SUGIMOTO. "Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Thermal Injury or Multiple Trauma." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 32, no. 2 (February 1992): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199202000-00008.

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40

Rennekampff, H. O., M. Sauter, I. Mertz, H. E. Schaller, and H. P. Rodemann. "THERMAL TRAUMA LEADS TO APOPTOSIS IN BURN WOUNDS VIA CASPASE 3." Shock 21, Supplement (March 2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200403001-00226.

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41

NYSTRÖM, Å., G. HALLMANS, and F. LITHNER. "Zinc Metabolism in Long Term Alloxan Diabetic Rats after Thermal Trauma." Acta Medica Scandinavica 216, S687 (April 24, 2009): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08749.x.

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Jung, Ui-Won, Chang-Sung Kim, Seong-Ho Choi, and Sungtae Kim. "Gingival Coverage of Iatrogenically Denuded Labial Bone Resulting from Thermal Trauma." International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 33, no. 5 (September 2013): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/prd.1024.

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Lithner, Folke. "Cutaneous Reactions of the Extremities of Diabetics to Local Thermal Trauma." Acta Medica Scandinavica 198, no. 1-6 (April 24, 2009): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1975.tb19548.x.

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Bekyarova, G. I., M. P. Markova, and V. G. Kagan. "Protection of erythrocytes by ?-tocopherol against hemolysis induced by thermal trauma." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 107, no. 4 (April 1989): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00842375.

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Liu, Xiang-dong, Zhen-yong Chen, Peng Yang, Wen-guang Huang, and Chun-fang Jiang. "Splenectomy attenuates severe thermal trauma-induced intestinal barrier breakdown in rats." Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-015-1520-4.

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Teodorczyk-Injeyan, J. A., M. Cembrzynska-Nowak, S. Lalani, W. J. Peters, and G. B. Mills. "Immune deficiency following thermal trauma is associated with apoptotic cell death." Journal of Clinical Immunology 15, no. 6 (November 1995): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01541322.

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47

Kurbanov, Sh I., T. S. Ustinova, A. A. Alekseev, E. V. Glushchenko, N. V. Panova, and V. P. Strekalovskii. "Early bronchoscopic and morphological diagnostics and prognosis in thermal inhalation trauma." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 124, no. 2 (August 1997): 816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02445102.

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Soloveva, A. G., A. K. Martusevich, S. P. Peretyagin, and N. V. Didenko. "SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC PROFILE OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH THERMAL TRAUMA." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 69, no. 1-2 (August 20, 2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v69.i1-2.937.

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Abstract:
Aim: to make multiparametric analysis of blood metabolic profile in early period of burn disease. Materials and methods: we tested blood samples of 15 healthy adults (control group) and 60 patients with thermal trauma (main group — II–IIIA, B degree of burn, more then 15 bsp). Parameters of lipid metabolism, level of glucose, lactate, malonic dialdehyde and some enzymes in blood plasma and erythrocytes were estimated. Results: in early period of burn disease we fixed the clear metabolic disorders, including tissues hypoxia, activation of plasma transaminases and oxidoreductases, inhibition of detoxication system, induction of oxidative stress. Connection of metabolic changes, associated with burn disease, was registered. It supported by numerous correlations between studied parameters, formed from first day after trauma. Conclusions: our data expand the knowledge about mating metabolic changes of catalytic activity of blood enzymes, forming in early period of burn disease (system metabolic disadaptation), and diagnostic value of some blood biochemical parameters in estimation of burned patient metabolism.
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Engel, Andrew J. "Utility of Intercostal Nerve Conventional Thermal Radiofrequency Ablations in the Injured Worker after Blunt Trauma." Pain Physician 5;15, no. 5;9 (September 14, 2012): E711—E718. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/e711.

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Background: Intercostal nerve blocks offer short-term therapeutic relief and serve as a diagnostic test for intercostal neuralgia. This original case report demonstrates the efficacy of radiofrequency ablations for long-term pain relief of intercostal neuralgia. To date, there have been no studies that demonstrate the efficacy of thermal conventional intercostal nerve radiofrequency ablations for intercostal neuralgia. Objective: Describe the use of conventional thermal radiofrequency ablations of the intercostal nerves to treat blunt chest wall trauma. Study Design: Case report. Setting: Clinical practice. Methods: Six patients suffering from work-related injuries to the chest wall whose treatment focused on conventional thermal radiofrequency ablations of the intercostal nerves. Results: Four of the 6 patients were pain free by their final visit. The remaining 2 patients experienced pain relief until one began wearing a brace after an L5-S1 fusion; the other required repeat treatment after 5.5 months. Limitations: Case series. There was limited follow-up as patients were either discharged after receiving potentially curative care or were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Following conventional thermal radiofrequency ablations of the intercostal nerves, 5 of the 6 patients experienced either long-term pain relief or required no additional care. The treatment has potential efficacy for injuries, including rib fractures or intercostal neuralgia, stemming from blunt trauma to the chest wall. In addition, there may be a potential for this treatment to help patients suffering from postthoracotomy pain. Key Words: Radiofrequency ablation, intercostal neuralgia, rib fracture, blunt trauma, workers’ compensation.
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Wallner, C., J. M. Wagner, S. Dittfeld, M. Drysch, M. Lehnhardt, and B. Behr. "Myostatin serum concentration as an indicator for deviated muscle metabolism in severe burn injuries." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 108, no. 4 (November 25, 2018): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496918812230.

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Introduction: Patients experiencing thermal injuries with an extent of over 20% of total body surface area suffer from systemic catabolic disease. The thermal trauma-induced loss of muscle mass causes a higher incidence for comorbidities and subsequently a higher mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of myostatin in the interplay with follistatin during muscle cachexia. Methods: Patients with burn injuries (>10% total body surface area) between the ages of 18 and 75 were prospectively included within the first 48 h after trauma to determine deviations of parameters connected to muscle catabolism. In the chronic state of burn injury (9–12 months after trauma), we re-evaluated myostatin and follistatin concentrations as well as muscle strength of the non-dominant forearm. Results: We were able to show a time-dependent alteration (9–12 months after burn injury) of myostatin with an initial decrease ( p < 0.001) and long-term increase ( p < 0.001) after thermal injury in blood serum. For follistatin, a reciprocal correlation was observed ( r = −0.707, p = 0.001). Accordingly, muscle strength of the non-dominant hand and forearm was significantly decreased 9–12 months after injury in post-burn patients compared with healthy patients with a significant correlation to myostatin levels ( r = −0.899, p < 0.001). In addition, initial myostatin serum concentration was predictive for long-term muscle strength impairment. Conclusion: With regard to the muscle metabolism after thermal trauma, our data suggest an acute anabolic response, presumably to spare muscle mass, which is converted to catabolic conditions accompanied by muscle strength reduction in the chronic phase. Myostatin plays a crucial role in this orchestration and initial myostatin concentration may predict the long-term muscle strength.
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