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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermal trauma

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thermal trauma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermal trauma"

1

Munster, Andrew M. "ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THERMAL TRAUMA." Chest 100, no. 4 (October 1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)32467-9.

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Munster, Andrew M. "Endocrinology of Thermal Trauma." Critical Care Medicine 19, no. 2 (February 1991): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199102000-00047.

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Kowal-Vern, Areta, Mary Margaret Sharp-Pucci, Jeanine M. Walenga, David J. Dries, and Richard L. Gamelli. "Trauma and Thermal Injury." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 44, no. 2 (February 1998): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199802000-00016.

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Spierings, Th M., M. C. R. B. Peters, and A. J. M. Plasschaert. "Thermal trauma to teeth." Dental Traumatology 1, no. 4 (August 1985): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1985.tb00575.x.

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Carter, Edward A., Walter Jung, Paul H. Ehrlich, and Andrew Ouellette. "Thermal Trauma and Gastrointestinal Function." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 9, no. 4 (July 1988): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-198807000-00007.

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Walsh, D. S., P. Siritongtaworn, K. Pattanapanyasat, P. Thavichaigarn, P. Kongcharoen, N. Jiarakul, P. Tongtawe, et al. "Lymphocyte activation after non-thermal trauma." British Journal of Surgery 87, no. 2 (February 2000): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01341.x.

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Tropea, B. I., and R. C. Lee. "Thermal Injury Kinetics in Electrical Trauma." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891378.

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The distribution of electrical current and the resultant Joule heating in tissues of the human upper extremity for a worst-case hand-to-hand high-voltage electrical shock was modelled by solving the Bioheat equation using the finite element method. The model of the upper extremity included skin, fat, skeletal muscle, and bone. The parameter sets for these tissues included specific thermal and electrical properties and their respective tissue blood flow rates. The extent of heat mediated cellular injury was estimated by using a damage rate equation based on a single energy barrier chemical reaction model. No cellular injury was assumed to occur for temperatures less than 42°C. This model was solved for the duration of Joule heating required to produce membrane damage in cells, termed the lethal time (of contact) for injury. LT’s were determined for contact voltages ranging from 5 to 20 kV. For a 10,000 volt electrical shock LT’s for skeletal muscle are predicted to be: 0.5 second in the distal forearm, 1.1 second in the mid-forearm, 1.2 second in the proximal elbow, and 2.0 seconds in the mid-arm. This analysis of the electrical shock provides useful insight into the mechanisms of resultant tissue damage and provides important performance guidelines for the development of safety devices.

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MILLER, ROBERT P., STEVEN D. GRAY, ROBIN T. COTTON, and CHARLES M. MYER. "AIRWAY RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING LARYNGOTRACHEAL THERMAL TRAUMA." Laryngoscope 98, no. 8 (August 1988): 826???829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198808000-00007.

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Левин, Г. Я., А. Н. Поповичева, and Л. Н. Соснина. "Hemorheological disorders in children with thermal trauma." ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia», no. 3() (September 16, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2020.03.74-79.

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Цель исследования - изучение динамики изменения реологических свойств крови и их корреляции с параметрами эритроцитов в процессе лечения детей после термической травмы. Методика. Исследование проведено на 32 детях в возрасте от 3 до 17 лет с ожогами площадью от 10 до 70% поверхности тела в период лечения, начиная с 3-х суток после термической травмы и до полного закрытия ожоговых ран и выписки пациента из стационара. Изучали состояние цитоскелета эритроцитов методом термоиндукции, их агрегацию и дезагрегацию с помощью модифицированного нами реоскопа Н. Schmid-Schönbein и соавт. [1973], их деформируемость и морфологию агрегатов эритроцитов, а также рассчитывали эритроцитарные индексы. Результаты. Установлено, что после ожога происходит резкое усиление агрегации эритроцитов и прочности агрегатов, но значительно снижается их деформируемость. Нарушение реологических свойств крови сопровождает все стадии ожоговой болезни и сохраняется при выписке больных из стационара. Нарушения гемореологии коррелируют с изменениями концентрации фибриногена, состоянием цитоскелета эритроцитов и их физическими свойствами - размером эритроцитов и содержанием в них гемоглобина. Заключение. Стойкие и выраженные нарушения реологических свойств крови у детей при ожоговой болезни могут являться важнейшей причиной редукции снабжения кислородом жизненно важных органов и развития их недостаточности. Простым, хотя и предварительным, методом оценки состояния гемореологии может служить измерение эритроцитарных индексов. Aim. To study hemorheological changes and their correlation with the size of red blood cells (RBCs) during the treatment of thermal injury in children. Methods. The study included 32 children ages 3 to 17 with burns affecting 10% to 70% of the total body area during the treatment period between the 3rd day after the burn and complete wound closure. Aggregation and disaggregation of red blood cells was analyzed using a H. Schmid-Schönbein et al. [1973] rheoscope in our modification. In addition, erythrocyte deformability, morphology of erythrocyte aggregates, and the state of erythrocyte cytoskeleton were studied using thermoinduction, and erythrocyte indices were calculated. Results. After a burn injury, erythrocyte aggregation and the strength of erythrocyte aggregates were increased whereas their deformability was decreased. Disorders of blood rheology accompanied all stages of burn disease and remained at the patient discharge. Hemorheological disorders correlated with changes in fibrinogen concentrations and with changes in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton, size, and the amount of contained hemoglobin. Conclusion. The stable and pronounced disorders of blood rheological properties in children with burn disease may be an essential cause for reduction of oxygen supply to vital organs and their failure. The measurement of erythrocyte indices may represent a simple though preliminary method for assessing hemorheology.

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Jones, Jacqueline E., and David Rosenberg. "Management of laryngotracheal thermal trauma in children." Laryngoscope 105, no. 5 (May 1995): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199505000-00019.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermal trauma"

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Rawlingson, Andrew Paul. "Mechanisms and mediators of acute progressive thermal injury." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289820.

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Henriksson, Otto. "Protection against cold in prehospital trauma care." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54372.

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Background: Protection against cold is vitally important in prehospital trauma care to reduce heat loss and prevent body core cooling. Objectives: Evaluate the effect on cold stress and thermoregulation in volunteer subjects byutilising additional insulation on a spineboard (I). Determine thermal insulation properties of blankets and rescue bags in different wind conditions (II). Establish the utility of wet clothing removal or the addition of a vapour barrier by determining the effect on heat loss within different levels of insulation in cold and warm ambient temperatures (III) and evaluating the effect on cold stress and thermoregulation in volunteer subjects (IV). Methods: Aural canal temperature, sensation of shivering and cold discomfort was evaluated in volunteer subjects, immobilised on non-insulated (n=10) or insulated (n=9) spineboards in cold outdoor conditions (I). A thermal manikin was setup inside a climatic chamber and total resultant thermal insulation for the selected ensembles was determined in low, moderate and high wind conditions (II). Dry and wet heat loss and the effect of wet clothing removal or the addition of a vapour barrier was determined with the thermal manikin dressed in either dry, wet or no clothing; with or without a vapour barrier; and with three different levels of insulation in warm and cold ambient conditions (III). The effect on metabolic rate, oesophageal temperature, skin temperature, body heat storage, heart rate, and cold discomfort by wet clothing removal or the addition of a vapour barrier was evaluated in volunteer subjects (n=8), wearing wet clothing in a cold climatic chamber during four different insulation protocols in a cross-over design (IV). Results: Additional insulation on a spine board rendered a significant reduction of estimated shivering but there was no significant difference in aural canal temperature or cold discomfort (I). In low wind conditions, thermal insulation correlated to thickness of the insulation ensemble. In greater air velocities, thermal insulation was better preserved for ensembles that were windproof and resistant to the compressive effect of the wind (II). Wet clothing removal or the use of a vapour barrier reduced total heat loss by about one fourth in the cold environment and about one third in the warm environment (III). In cold stressed wet subjects, with limited insulation applied, wet clothing removal or the addition of a vapour barrier significantly reduced metabolic rate, increased skin rewarming rate, and improved total body heat storage but there was no significant difference in heart rate or oesophageal temperature cooling rate (IV). Similar effects on heat loss and cold stress was also achieved by increasing the insulation. Cold discomfort was significantly reduced with the addition of a vapour barrier and with an increased insulation but not with wet clothing removal. Conclusions: Additional insulation on a spine board might aid in reducing cold stress inprolonged transportations in a cold environment. In extended on scene durations, the use of a windproof and compression resistant outer cover is crucial to maintain adequate thermal insulation. In a sustained cold environment in which sufficient insulation is not available, wet clothing removal or the use of a vapour barrier might be considerably important reducing heat loss and relieving cold stress.

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Belcher, Caroline. "Parents' perceptions of accidental burns to their children : a qualitative investigation of the effects on parental well-being." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/parents-perceptions-of-accidental-burns-to-their-children--a-qualitative-investigation-of-the-effects-on-parental-wellbeing(74067346-7756-46ef-ac95-0ae69b67fc9b).html.

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Brouchoud, Jordan Elizabeth. "The effects of thermal alteration on saw mark сharacteristics." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15348.

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This project examined the effects of burning on saw mark characteristics of isolated semi-fleshed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) long bones as a substitute for human remains. Different classes of saws were examined to determine which type of saw mark characteristics are obliterated when burned and which are not. The saw mark characteristics that were examined are superficial false start scratches, false start kerfs, and completely sectioned cuts with breakaway spurs/notches. The long bones were burned at the Boston University School of Medicine using a muffle furnace, at differing temperatures and at differing time increments. The author hypothesized that the higher the temperature and the longer the duration of bone burning, the greater will be the obliterative effect on saw mark characteristics. All samples were examined using a Motic® Digital Light Microscope 12 VDC with a Nikon® MKII Fiber Optic Light attached with accompanying Motic® imaging and measuring software. Distances were measured between striations on complete cuts, false start kerf widths, and false start scratch widths using the Motic® imaging and measuring software. Images were also taken of the cross sections of the kerf floors. The striations on the kerf walls, false start kerf widths, and false start scratch widths were compared to the control samples. Measurements taken from false start scratches, false start kerfs, and complete cuts were averaged and compared to the averages from each temperature and the control samples, to assess the degree of shrinkage from thermal alteration. The false start kerf profile shapes were blindly examined and classified into Class A, B, C, or D(following the system of Symes 1992) and compared to the control samples. Kerf flare and blade drift were examined to determine if thermal alteration obliterated those saw mark characteristics. The chainsaw false start kerfs and complete cuts were examined macroscopically to determine what effects thermal alteration had on those types of marks. All thermally altered samples were assessed for color change, heat-related fracturing, and whether or not the saw marks were still visible. The author found that all saw marks made with the mitre saw, crosscut saw, and bow saw were still visible and identifiable, even in a fractured state and, when burned up to 700°C for one hour. Most of the false start kerf samples were classified into the correct kerf profile shape as outlines in Symes (1992). False start kerfs and complete cuts made with the chainsaw were blindly examined and showed that these marks are distinct and easily identifiable when the bone is completely intact or has very minimal fracturing. The crosscut saw false start scratch and crosscut saw complete cut samples showed signs of shrinkage. The average width of the false start scratch samples burned at 700°C for one hour was about 50% smaller than the control sample's average width. The same was true for the complete cut striation widths. Shrinkage did not appear to alter the crosscut saw false start kerf widths or the bow saw false start scratch widths. For all cuts made with the mitre saw shrinkage did appear to alter the samples. Warping did occur where some of the burned averages were larger than the control sample averages. This suggests that some warping did take place by widening the kerf, thus changing the analysis of the saw mark characteristics. Blade drift and kerf flare were seen in the samples and thus were not affected by thermal alteration. The author's hypothesis was not rejected, because in some cases thermal alteration did modify the saw mark characteristic measurements and in some cases thermal alteration did not alter the measurements. Some of the saw marks were affected by shrinkage, while others were not. False start kerf profile shape classification was not affected by thermal alteration. The chainsaw samples were affected most by the thermal alteration, because of the obliterative effects of heat-related fracturing which progressed generally with the greater temperature.

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Pendray, Jennifer. "The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171.

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Various traumatic events such as automobile accidents, structure fires, or terrorist attacks result in traumatic and thermal injury. Fire is a destructive force that can alter or destroy evidence, and thermal alterations have negative effects on forensic and anthropological recovery and analysis. Blunt force trauma is particularly difficult to analyze because of the multiple ways in which this trauma appears on a body and the variety of objects that can impact and fracture a bone or the variety of ways a body can impact a blunt surface. As fire is a common way to cover up a crime and blunt force trauma is used as a means to kill or injure an individual, it is necessary to understand the differences between these two types of fractures that can present together on bone. The present study was performed to determine the amount of survivability of traumatic fracture patterns in remains that have been exposed to a burning event. The sample used for this investigation was composed of twenty limbs (forty long bones) from five full-grown, domestic, female sheep (Ovis aries) obtained from a farm in Connecticut. Thirty specimens were traumatized with the head of an Estwing ball peen hammer and ten were left as controls. After specimens were subjected to blunt force trauma, each was radiographed using Computed Tomography. They were then placed in a small structure, 8' x 8', that was constructed to simulate the conditions of a house fire. Each post-burn bone was analyzed based on a number of characteristics. A trauma score of "1" no trauma, "2" ambiguous, and "3" traumatic fractures were given based on these observations. CT scans were examined after bone samples had been analyzed. Again, each specimen's CT scan was given a trauma score ("1" no trauma, "2" ambiguous, and "3" traumatic fractures). Results from the bone analysis on the 30 traumatized and burned specimens revealed that 15 did not have trauma, 2 were ambiguous (i.e., they may have trauma but traumatic characteristics were not distinct), and 13 presented with distinguishable traumatic injury. Comminuted was the most prominent type of fracture, and the next most common fracture was oblique. The majority of traumatic injury was found on the middle portion of the bone. CT examination showed that 12 specimens had suffered traumatic injury. The two analyses were compared and showed an agreement of 83.3% between the trauma scores. Results show that differentiation of traumatic and thermally induced fractures is possible using various fracture characteristics as well as taphonomic indicators to determine the sequence of events.

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Baron, Aloisdóttir Lara Dina. "Bolest termicky traumatizovaných." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434727.

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The presented work deals with the issue of non-pharmacological pain relief in patients with thermal trauma. Burn pain is considered to be one of the worst, unlike common surgical pain due to numerous surgical procedures and often large dressing changes. The basis of pain treatment is pharmacotherapy, but an important part are also non-pharmacological methods that can be applied by nurses. The main goal of the study was to find out which available and easy-to-use non- pharmacological methods of pain relief are the most effective according to burn patients. The partial goals were evaluating the impact of fear and anxiety on pain and the question of whether patients' pain is adequately managed. The author's questionnaire, which was partly based on a survey conducted among the patients themselves, was used for the research. A total of 98.3% of respondents gave a positive evaluation of the adequacy of analgesia. Apart from analgesics, the following methods were then identified as the most effective: undisturbed sleep, relief position, rest, close people visits and interviews with the caring staff. The research confirmed that apart from quality sleep human contact is the most important for pain relief. In addition to relieving pain, it also affects the mental state of patients and helps reduce the...

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Books on the topic "Thermal trauma"

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Young, David A. Trauma. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0060.

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Traumatic injuries are the most common cause of death within the United States for children above one year of age Most traumatic injuries in children are a result of motor vehicle accidents, child abuse (or nonaccidental trauma), drowning, thermal injury, or falls. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for children above the age of one year. Strategies of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) utilize a standardized approach to promptly identify and manage life-threatening traumatic injuries. These strategies include recognition of cardiopulmonary disorders, volume resuscitation, and prevention of additional injuries including to the cervical spine. A management plan for severe and uncontrolled bleeding is critically important to have established when caring for children with traumatic injuries. Many strategies have been developed to manage severe and uncontrolled bleeding including the use of massive transfusion protocols, damage control surgery, and hemostatic agents.

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Dolecek, Rajko. Endocrinology of Thermal Trauma: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Clinical Interpretation. Lea & Febiger, 1990.

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G, Arturson, and Doleček Rajko, eds. Endocrinology of thermal trauma: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical interpretation. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990.

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Brett, Dr Stephen, Dr Andrew Brett, Dr Richard Leach, Dr Richard Leach, and Dr Caroline Patterson. Disorders due to physical agents. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.00018.

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Chapter 18 discusses disorders due to physical agents, including trauma, thermal burns, toxic inhalation injury, electrical and chemical injury, thermal disorders, allergy and anaphylaxis, envenomation, stings, and bites, and fitness to fly and effects of altitude.

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Stephens, Paul, and Roderick Dunn. Soft tissue injuries of the hand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0006.

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Soft tissue injuries of the hand are common and may present variously to therapists, general practice, emergency departments, or surgeons. Simple injuries can be treated without specialist input, but the majority of hand trauma should be referred to dedicated hand surgery centres. Diagnostic error and delayed specialist treatment may lead to poor outcomes and long-term disability. This chapter provides a detailed overview for non-specialists, as well as an aide memoire for hand surgeons and hand therapists. It includes the principles of general wound care, the management of nail injuries, the treatment of extravasation and high-pressure injection injuries, and gunshot wounds. We describe different levels of upper limb amputation, as well as microvascular reconstruction (both replantation and revascularization). We also cover thermal injuries (burns and frostbite), trauma-induced cold sensitivity, and factitious injury.

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Paro, John A. M., and Geoffrey C. Gurtner. Pathophysiology and assessment of burns. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0346.

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Burn injury represents a complex clinical entity with significant associated morbidity and remains the second leading cause of trauma-related death. An understanding of the local and systemic pathophysiology of burns has led to significant improvements in mortality. Thermal insult results in coagulative necrosis of the skin and the depth or degree of injury is classified according to the skin layers involved. First-degree burns involve only epidermis and heal quickly with no scar. Second-degree burns are further classified into superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness depending on the level of dermal involvement. Damage in a third-degree burn extends to subcutaneous fat. There is a substantial hypermetabolic response to severe burn, resulting in significant catabolism and untoward effects on the immune, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Accurate assessment of the extent of burn injury is critical for prognosis and initiation of resuscitation. Burn size, measured in total body surface area, can be quickly estimated using the rule of nines or palmar method. A more detailed sizing system is recommended once the patient has been triaged. Appropriate diagnosis of burn depth will be important for later management. First-degree burns are erythematous and painful, like a sunburn; third-degree burns are leathery and insensate. Differentiating between second-degree burn types remains difficult. There are a number of formalized criteria during assessment that should prompt transfer to a burn centre.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermal trauma"

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Nugent, Nora F., and David N. Herndon. "Thermal Injury." In Trauma Surgery, 67–81. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-375-6_5.

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Shi, Weiyun, and Ting Wang. "Ocular Thermal and Radiation Burns." In Ocular Trauma, 187–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1450-6_15.

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Hundeshagen, Gabriel, David N. Herndon, and Jong O. Lee. "Thermal Injury." In Geriatric Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 273–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57403-5_28.

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Crawford, M. E., and H. Rask. "Thermal homeostasis in trauma patients." In Trauma Operative Procedures, 105–11. Milano: Springer Milan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2151-8_11.

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Mlakar, J. M., and J. P. Waymack. "Immunomodulators of the Thermal Injury Response." In Host Defense Dysfunction in Trauma, Shock and Sepsis, 1153–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77405-8_150.

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Günter, Christina Irene, and Hans-Günther Machens. "Erythropoietin: An Innovative Therapeutic Approach in Thermal Trauma." In Regenerative Medicine and Plastic Surgery, 165–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19958-6_16.

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Herndon, D. N., S. T. Zeigler, T. C. Rutan, R. Saydjari, S. E. Morris, G. I. Beerthuizen, R. Tokyay, and C. M. Townsend. "Bacterial Translocation Following Major Thermal Injury in Rats, Sheep, and Mini-Pigs." In Host Defense Dysfunction in Trauma, Shock and Sepsis, 893–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77405-8_119.

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Demarinis, J., and S. E. Briggs. "Role of T-Cell Lymphocyte Populations and Their Products as Mediators of Immune Depression in Thermal Burns." In Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis, 137–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73468-7_16.

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Goliiski, P., L. Baleva, D. Dimitrov, Z. Stoycheva, and M. Petrova. "Quantitative Estimate of the Variances of the Viscoelastic Properties Upon Physiotherapeutic Treatment of Skin Auto Transplantants of Patients with Thermal Trauma." In Biomechanics: Current Interdisciplinary Research, 233–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7432-9_30.

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Nagaichuk, Vasyl, Roman Chornopyshchuk, Andrii Povoroznyk, Mykhailo Prysyazhnyuk, Volodymyr Zelenko, and Igor Girnik. "Organization of Assistance to Victims of a Thermal Trauma During the Pre-hospital and Hospital Stages in the Event of a Terrorist Attack." In Functional Nanostructures and Sensors for CBRN Defence and Environmental Safety and Security, 133–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1909-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermal trauma"

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Nicholson, Kristen J., Taylor M. Gilliland, and Beth A. Winkelstein. "Duration of Nerve Root Compressive Trauma Modulates the Subsequent Thermal Hyperalgesia and Spinal Expression of the Glutamate Transporter, GLT1." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14110.

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Mechanical compression of the cervical nerve roots is a common injury modality [1] and a frequent source of neck pain, affecting 30–50% of adults each year [2]. Since the nerve root is viscoelastic in compression (Fig. 1) [3,4], its response to loading from different injury scenarios is also likely a function of the duration of the applied tissue insult, which varies with the type of injury. For example, the nerve root undergoes brief periods of compression during sports and auto-related trauma, whereas a more prolonged compression occurs for a bulging disc or foraminal stenosis [1]. Similarly, mechanical sensitivity (i.e. pain) after root compression is has been shown to be duration-dependent [3,4]. Compression of the cervical nerve root is only sufficient to induce mechanical sensitivity in a rat model if the compression is applied for more than 3 minutes [3]. Yet, mechanical sensitivity is only one behavioral sequelae of radicular pain and it is not known whether the duration dependent response is similar for other types of evoked pain, such as thermal sensitivity.

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Martusevich, A., A. Epishkina, E. Golygina, A. Tuzhilkin, and A. Fedotova. "MONITORING OF THE STATE OF THE SKIN BLOOD FLOW IN THE DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL BURN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9ca93d24.11070778.

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The purpose of this study was to study the state of skin microcirculation in healthy and burned rats. It was found that thermal trauma has a negative impact on the microcirculation system, which is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of blood flow through small-diameter vessels

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Ley, Obdulia, and Yildiz Bayazitoglu. "Effect of Physiological Parameters on the Temperature Distribution of a Layered Head Model." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32044.

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Brain temperature control is important in clinical therapy, because moderate temperature reduction of brain temperature increases the survival rate after head trauma. A factor that affects the brain temperature distribution is the cerebral blood flow, which is controlled by autoregulatory mechanisms. To improve the existing thermal models of brain, we incorporate the effect of the temperature over the metabolic heat generation, and the regulatory processes that control the cerebral blood perfusion and depend on physiological parameters like, the mean arterial blood pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. The introduction of these parameters in a thermal model gives information about how specific conditions, such as brain edema, hypoxia, hypercapnia, or hypotension, affect the temperature distribution within the brain. Existing biological thermal models of the human brain, assume constant blood perfusion, and neglect metabolic heat generation or consider it constant, which is a valid assumption for healthy tissue. But during sickness, trauma or under the effect of drugs like anesthetics, the metabolic activity and organ blood flow vary considerably, and such variations must be accounted for in order to achieve accurate thermal modeling. Our work, on a layered head model, shows that variations of the physiological parameters have profound effect on the temperature gradients within the head.

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Graf, Edward, Timothy Luce, and Fred Willett. "Design Improvements Suggested by Computational Flow and Thermal Analyses for the Cooling of Marine Gas Turbine Enclosures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68574.

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Land based and marine gas turbine generators as well as mechanical drive units are often surrounded by an enclosure. A housing insures that the environmental noise regulations are met. In a marine environment, it also protects the crew from potential physical harm associated with the drive train: burns from high surface temperatures and bodily trauma from high speed rotating elements. The large amount of heat given off by the gas turbine is removed from the enclosure by a continuous stream of injected cooling air. Cooling air flow may be provided by using a motor-driven cooling fan or by the use of an eductor utilizing the aerodynamic effect of the gas turbine exhaust flow. Past design of enclosure cooling was based on well utilized rules of thumb, such as the number of compartment air changes per minute. The dearth of detailed enclosure design technical data combined with the large number of gas turbine design and packaging contracts for which our company is presently the prime contractor, has led us to pursue a multi-level systematic investigation of these flows. This paper reports the first phase of the detailed numerical simulations of various typical enclosure geometries and cooling schemes. The RANS computational fluid dynamic work included ‘cold flow’ screening analyses to optimize the flow patterns inside the enclosure. Then the optimized enclosure was studied as a complex thermal problem that included compressibility, convective and radiative heat transfer inside the enclosure and conduction through the enclosure walls to the outside. The results of this study allow us to insure that outside wall temperatures are maintained at a safe level and that local circumferential temperature variations about the gas turbine drive shaft will not cause rotor distortion.

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Konieczka, Adam, Ewelina Michalowicz, and Karol Piniarski. "Infrared thermal camera-based system for tram drivers warning about hazardous situations." In 2018 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/spa.2018.8563417.

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"Analysis of the Causes of the Cracks in the Thermit Welds of the Tram Rails Type 60R2." In 10th Conference on Terotechnology. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291814-10.

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Reports on the topic "Thermal trauma"

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Vaughan, George M. Neuroendocrine and Sympathoadrenal Response to Thermal Trauma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390583.

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Gray, L. W., and H. B. Peacock. A differential thermal analysis study of the effect of tramp impurities on the exothermic U sub 3 O sub 8 -Al reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7013503.

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