Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal renewable energy'
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Wildy, Michael, and Ping Lu. "Nanofibers for Renewable Energy." Green Energy and Environmental Technology 2022 (March 28, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/geet.03.
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Electrospinning is a straightforward technique for the fabrication of nanofibers with the potential for various applications. Thermal energy storage systems using electrospun nanofibers have gained researchers’ attention due to its desirable properties such as nanoscale diameter, large surface area, excellent thermal conductivity, and high loading and thermal energy storage capacity. The encapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) in electrospun nanofibers for storing renewable thermal energy can be achieved by uniaxial electrospinning of a blend of PCM and polymer, coaxial electrospinning of a PCM core and a polymer sheath, or post-electrospinning absorption. The PCM content and thermal energy storage capacity of different PCM composite nanofibers are compared in this chapter. The drawbacks of traditional electrospinning PCM encapsulation techniques and benefits of post-electrospinning encapsulation methods are discussed.
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Kim, Min-Hwi, Deuk-Won Kim, and Dong-Won Lee. "Feasibility of Low Carbon Renewable Energy City Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217342.
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This study evaluated the energy saving potential of renewable energy generation systems based on integrated solar energy in an urban environment. The solar city concept was implemented using photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems. As a case study, the Sejong national pilot smart city in South Korea was selected to evaluate the renewable energy penetration rate. For evaluating the proposed renewable energy systems, the electrical and thermal loads of the smart city were estimated using field measurement data. Then, the renewable energy penetration rate of the city was evaluated. The HomerPro software was used to analyze the PV generation and operating energy consumption of the natural gas (NG) generator with a district heating network. The thermal load-supporting potential of the solar thermal system was estimated using the TRNSYS software. The results showed that the proposed urban integrated renewable energy system could meet over 30% of the renewable energy penetration rate and the levelized cost of energy and total net present cost was 7% lower than the base case system (i.e., NG generator). The proposed system also exhibited 38% less CO2 emissions than the base case system.
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Bahlawan, Hilal, Enzo Losi, Lucrezia Manservigi, Mirko Morini, Michele Pinelli, Pier Ruggero Spina, and Mauro Venturini. "Optimal design and energy management of a renewable energy plant with seasonal energy storage." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123802002.
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The exploitation of fossil fuels is undoubtedly responsible of environmental problems such as global warming and sea level rise. Unlike energy plants based on fossil fuels, energy plants based on renewable energy sources may be sustainable and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, they are unpredictable because of the intermittent nature of environmental conditions. For this reason, energy storage technologies are needed to meet peak energy demands thanks to the stored energy. Moreover, the renewable energy systems composing the plant must be optimally designed and operated. Therefore, this paper investigates the challenge of the optimal design and energy management of a grid connected renewable energy plant composed of a solar thermal collector, photovoltaic system, ground source heat pump, battery, one short-term thermal energy storage and one seasonal thermal energy storage. To this aim, this paper develops a methodology based on a genetic algorithm that optimally designs a 100% renewable energy plant with the aim of minimizing the electrical energy taken from the grid. The load profiles of thermal, cooling and electrical energy during a whole year are taken into account for the case study of the Campus of the University of Parma (Italy).
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Arthur, Emmanuel. "Energy development: A global perspective and advances in Ghana." AIMS Energy 10, no. 2 (2022): 306–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022017.
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<abstract> <p>Climate change, population increase, and urbanisation present severe threats to energy security throughout the world. As a result, governments all over the world have made significant investments in diversifying and developing local energy systems, notably in the renewable energy sector. In this light, this review was conducted to analyse the production trends of fossil energy, renewable energy and nuclear energy, as well as the impact of renewable energy production on fossil energy production, between 2000 and 2021. Using correlation and regression analysis, the relationship between these energy sources and the impact of renewable energy on fossil energy production were studied and then measured against similar studies in the literature. The findings showed an increasing trend in fossil energy and renewable energy production and a slightly decreasing trend in nuclear energy production from 2000 to 2021. In addition, there was a significant impact of renewable energy production on fossil energy production in the last two decades. In Ghana, it was found that the addition of solar energy generation to the national grid significantly influenced thermal energy generation. On the whole, renewable energy production has significantly increased over the last decades, and it has the potential to reduce the dependence on fossil energy if effectively developed and managed.</p> <p>Therefore, future energy development should focus on more research and development in the area of smart and efficient renewable energy technologies.</p> </abstract>
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Dunlap, Richard A. "Renewable Energy: Volume 2: Mechanical and Thermal Energy Storage Methods." Synthesis Lectures on Energy and the Environment: Technology, Science, and Society 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): i—85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00930ed1v02y202002egy006.
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Graf, Christoph, and Claudio Marcantonini. "Renewable energy and its impact on thermal generation." Energy Economics 66 (August 2017): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.07.009.
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Guerrero Delgado, MCarmen, José Sánchez Ramos, Servando Álvarez Domínguez, José Antonio Tenorio Ríos, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Building thermal storage technology: Compensating renewable energy fluctuations." Journal of Energy Storage 27 (February 2020): 101147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.101147.
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Vėjelienė, Jolanta, and Albinas Gailius. "ANALYSIS OF THERMAL INSULATION FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2010.09.
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One of the essential requirements for buildings is energy saving and heat retention. About 40% of the total energy consumed in the European Union is used for heating of buildings. Most of the energy consumed in buildings is used for heating during the cold period and cooling during the warm period. A significant part of energy can be saved due to suitable insulation of buildings. More efficient energy saving can be ensured by using heat-insulating materials produced from renewable resources. In Lithuania straw is often used for making thermal insulation obtained with a thermal conductivity of 0.040 W/(mK). Straw thermal conductivity under different conditions as well as possibilities to use it for producing heat-insulating materials are analysed in the work.
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Bartolucci, Lorenzo, Stefano Cordiner, Vincenzo Mulone, and Marina Santarelli. "Ancillary Services Provided by Hybrid Residential Renewable Energy Systems through Thermal and Electrochemical Storage Systems." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122429.
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Energy Management System (EMS) optimal strategies have shown great potential to match the fluctuating energy production from renewables with an electric demand profile, which opens the way to a deeper penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electric system. At a single building level, however, handling of different energy sources to fulfill both thermal and electric requirements is still a challenging task. The present work describes the potential of an EMS based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies to both maximize the RES exploitation and serve as an ancillary service for the grid when a Heat Pump (HP) coupled with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is used in a residential Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). Cost savings up to 30% as well as a reduction of the purchased energy unbalance with the grid (about 15%–20% depending on the season) have been achieved. Moreover, the thermal energy storage leads to a more efficient and reliable use of the Heat Pump by generally decreasing the load factor smoothing the power output. The proposed control strategy allows to have a more stable room temperature, with evident benefits also in terms of thermal comfort.
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Kim, Min-Hwi, Youngsub An, Hong-Jin Joo, Dong-Won Lee, and Jae-Ho Yun. "Self-Sufficiency and Energy Savings of Renewable Thermal Energy Systems for an Energy-Sharing Community." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144284.
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Due to increased grid problems caused by renewable energy systems being used to realize zero energy buildings and communities, the importance of energy sharing and self-sufficiency of renewable energy also increased. In this study, the energy performance of an energy-sharing community was investigated to improve its energy efficiency and renewable energy self-sufficiency. For a case study, a smart village was selected via detailed simulation. In this study, the thermal energy for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water was produced by ground source heat pumps, which were integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) with solar energy systems. We observed that the ST system integrated with TES showed higher self-sufficiency with grid interaction than the PV and PVT systems. This was due to the heat pump system being connected to thermal energy storage, which was operated as an energy storage system. Consequently, we also found that the ST system had a lower operating energy, CO2 emissions, and operating costs compared with the PV and PVT systems.
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Zhao, Jun, Xiaonan Wang, and Jinsheng Chu. "The Strategies for Increasing Grid-Integrated Share of Renewable Energy with Energy Storage and Existing Coal Fired Power Generation in China." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134699.
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The growing share of renewable energies needs more flexible services to balance their intermittency and variance. The existing coal fired units and electrical energy storage (EES) systems may play an important role in delivering flexible services. The value of their flexibility services, along with the value of renewable energies, has to be analyzed from the perspective of the power system, in which the capacity costs and operation costs of renewable energy power units, EES systems, and thermal power generation units have to be taken into consideration. An optimal model is built to analyze the renewable energy integration and the flexibility services delivered by the EES systems and thermal power units in a power system. Taking the existing thermal power units and EES systems in North China Power Grid as an instance, the overall cost of the grid is examined for the penetration of renewable energies and flexible service provision. The results show that the growing shares of renewable energies are affected by their capacity credits and flexibility sources in the grid, and that the potential of thermal power units to provide flexible services will be reduced due to the replacement of renewable energies for thermal power generation. The results also indicate that the thermal units may be dispatched to have priority to delivering flexible services for the renewable energy integration, and that the curtailment of renewable energies may be regarded as one type of flexible service. According to these results, policy and strategy recommendations are put forward to weigh the role of existing coal-fired units and EES systems in providing flexible services, and to improve their compensation mechanism and their coordination.
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Moore, Jared, and Noah Meeks. "Hourly modelling of Thermal Hydrogen electricity markets." Clean Energy 4, no. 3 (September 2020): 270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkaa014.
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Abstract The hourly operation of Thermal Hydrogen electricity markets is modelled. The economic values for all applicable chemical commodities are quantified (syngas, ammonia, methanol and oxygen) and an hourly electricity model is constructed to mimic the dispatch of key technologies: bi-directional power plants, dual-fuel heating systems and plug-in fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles. The operation of key technologies determines hourly electricity prices and an optimization model adjusts the capacity to minimize electricity prices yet allow all generators to recover costs. We examine 12 cost scenarios for renewables, nuclear and natural gas; the results demonstrate emissions-free, ‘energy-only’ electricity markets whose supply is largely dominated by renewables. The economic outcome is made possible in part by seizing the full supply-chain value from electrolysis (both hydrogen and oxygen), which allows an increased willingness to pay for (renewable) electricity. The wholesale electricity prices average $25–$45/MWh, or just slightly higher than the assumed levelized cost of renewable energy. This implies very competitive electricity prices, particularly given the lack of need for ‘scarcity’ pricing, capacity markets, dedicated electricity storage or underutilized electric transmission and distribution capacity.
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Jobbágy, J., K. Krištof, and M. Andacký. "The effectiveness of heating of housing unit by renewable energy source." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, Special Issue (December 30, 2016): S34—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2016-rae.
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The paper is aimed at pointing out possibilities of using of dendromass for heating. The object of interest was heating of housing units with 75.27 m<sup>2</sup> of total area. The average value of dendromass moisture was 17.71%. The inserted fireplace Nordica Focolare 70 with a nominal output of 9 kW was used as a heat source. For temperature measurement, a non-contact infrared thermometer GM 900 was used. The total heat loss transferred through walls of housing unit (heat loss through thermal bridges and ventilation losses) were calculated at the value of 176.26 W/K. Based on the results of samples moisture the net calorific value of one kilogram of burned fuel wood was determined (14.791 MJ kg). The amount of thermal energy which is necessary to supply by the heating system for the whole heating period was 14,199.18 kWh. The weight of raw fuel wood was 5,450.97 kg (at moisture of 30%), dried at 17.71% (4,636.87 kg). Price of raw fuel wood of acacia for the year under evaluation was 64.80 €/m<sup>3</sup> (the required amount of raw fuel wood for heating period was 10 m<sup>3</sup>). Total costs for the heating season was thus 648 €. The price of heat transmitted by the fireplace inset Nordica Focolare 70 inserted into heating system using fuel wood (white acacia) with 17.71% of absolute moisture was 0.045636 €/kWh.
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Kilkis, Birol. "An exergy-rational district energy model for 100% renewable cities with distance limitations." Thermal Science 24, no. 6 Part A (2020): 3685–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200412287k.
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While moving towards 100% renewable district energy systems at low temperatures, the exergy of the district energy may decrease below the pumping exergy requirement, which eliminates the benefits of using low-exergy renewables. Because such a possibility may not be revealed by the First Law, an exergy-based holistic model for district energy systems was developed. Four tiers, namely renewable energy resources, energy conversion and storage, main district network, and the low-exergy district are identified. Each tier is indexed to the optimum plant-to-district distance for maximum exergy-based performance with minimum CO2 emissions responsibility. This model further optimizes the temperature peaking with heat pumps versus HVAC equipment oversizing and determines the optimum mix of renewables. Three alternatives of conveying and distributing exergy to the district were considered, namely: electricity only, electricity and heat with or without temperature peaking or equipment oversizing, and electricity, heat, and cold. Comparisons showed that the choice primarily depends upon the district size, district-to-plant distance, climatic conditions, local availability of RES, optimum supply temperature, and thermal condition of the buildings. Another algorithm optimizes the thermal insulation thickness in terms of equipment oversizing and temperature-peaking.
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Calise, Francesco, Massimo Dentice d’Accadia, and Maria Vicidomini. "Integrated Solar Thermal Systems." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103831.
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Fan, Lijun, and Jiedong Cui. "Capacity optimization of renewable energy microgrid considering hydropower cogeneration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032068.
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Abstract This paper proposes a renewable energy system based on photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and solar thermal power generation, combining thermal power plants with low-temperature multi-effect distillation. Through the electric heater and the thermal storage system photovoltaic and wind power will spare capacity in the form of heat energy, at the same time by thermal power generation system to maintain the stability of the power supply, run under constant output scheduling policy, to the levelling of the smallest energy cost and the design of power rate of maximum satisfaction as the goal, using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best combination of capacity, this system is established. At the same time, combined with low-temperature multi-effect distillation, compared with reverse osmosis seawater desalination cost is lower, reduce energy consumption, has a good application prospect.
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Michaelides, Efstathios E. "Thermodynamics, Energy Dissipation, and Figures of Merit of Energy Storage Systems—A Critical Review." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 6121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196121.
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The path to the mitigation of global climate change and global carbon dioxide emissions avoidance leads to the large-scale substitution of fossil fuels for the generation of electricity with renewable energy sources. The transition to renewables necessitates the development of large-scale energy storage systems that will satisfy the hourly demand of the consumers. This paper offers an overview of the energy storage systems that are available to assist with the transition to renewable energy. The systems are classified as mechanical (PHS, CAES, flywheels, springs), electromagnetic (capacitors, electric and magnetic fields), electrochemical (batteries, including flow batteries), hydrogen and thermal energy storage systems. Emphasis is placed on the magnitude of energy storage each system is able to achieve, the thermodynamic characteristics, the particular applications the systems are suitable for, the pertinent figures of merit and the energy dissipation during the charging and discharging of the systems.
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Doležel, Miloslav. "Alternative Way of Thermal Protection by Thermal Barrier." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.107.
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The main objective in building constructions is reducing energy consumption and increasing the proportion of renewable energy sources. We can find the various ways of reducing energy consumption, where the most used method is passive thermal protection and thus increasing thermal resistance of structures. There are also ways of active thermal protection, where one of the new ways is the system of TB (thermal barrier) using renewable energy sources to reduce heat loss through non-transparent parts of building envelope. It is one of the new types of thermal protection and there are not available clear rules for the design of the structures with TB and there are not quantified energy savings compared to buildings without a TB. TB decrease heat transmission only through opaque constructions, what is only one part of the total heat loss and thus is questionable payback period and primary energy consumption of TB system compared to the standard buildings. The paper is focused on comparison of temperatures in the wall construction with and without TB system and determining the external temperatures at which it is appropriate to apply a construction with TB.
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Gao, Shan, Yiqing Zhang, and Yu Liu. "Incorporating Concentrating Solar Power into High Renewables Penetrated Power System: A Chance-Constrained Stochastic Unit Commitment Analysis." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112340.
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High renewables penetrated power systems would be greatly influenced by the uncertainty of variable renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power. Unlike wind and photovoltaic plant, concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage has similar dispatchable characteristics as conventional thermal unit. Besides, thermal energy storage could support the coordinated operation of concentrating solar power with an electrical heater, which can be employed to convert surplus electricity in the grid into thermal power stored in thermal energy storage for further utilization. In this paper, concentrating solar power is incorporated into a chance-constrained two-stage stochastic unit commitment model. The model considers the energy and reserve services of concentrating solar power and the uncertainty of renewables. The proposed method is employed to assess the role of a concentrating solar power station with thermal energy storage and an electrical heater to provide grid flexibility in high renewables penetrated power systems. Numerical studies are performed on a modified IEEE 24-bus system to validate the viability of the proposed method for the day-ahead stochastic scheduling. The results demonstrate the economic and reliable value of concentrating solar power station to the improvement of unit commitment schedule, to the mitigation of wind uncertainty and photovoltaic uncertainty, and to the reduction of traditional unit reserve requirement. It is concluded that concentrating solar power with thermal energy storage and an electrical heater is effective in promoting the further penetration of renewables.
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Liu, Yudong, Fangqin Li, Jianxing Ren, Guizhou Ren, Honghong Shen, and Gang Liu. "Solar thermal power generation technology research." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913602016.
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China is a big consumer of energy resources. With the gradual decrease of non-renewable resources such as oil and coal, it is very important to adopt renewable energy for economic development. As a kind of abundant renewable energy, solar power has been widely used. This paper introduces the development status of solar power generation technology, mainly introduces solar photovoltaic power generation technology, briefly describes the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation, and compares and analyzes four kinds of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, among which photovoltaic power generation technology is the most mature solar photovoltaic power utilization technology at present.
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Piper, Samantha L., Mega Kar, Douglas R. MacFarlane, Karolina Matuszek, and Jennifer M. Pringle. "Ionic liquids for renewable thermal energy storage – a perspective." Green Chemistry 24, no. 1 (2022): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc03420k.
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Bashar, Abul, and Smys S. "Integrated Renewable Energy System for Stand-Alone Operations with Optimal Load Dispatch Strategy." June 2021 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.2.002.
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The hybrid system configuration is used for meeting the thermal and electrical load demands of an off-grid network simultaneously with the model proposed in this paper. Li-ion battery, Micro Gas Turbine (MGT), wind turbine and solar photovoltaic configurations are analyzed. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software is used for estimating utilization of various strategies for power management, recovered waste heat and excess energy in the model. The heating demand is met and examined by the thermal load controller with and without the options of waste heat recovery. The hybrid system hardware components are sized, compared and analyzed based on cyclic charging (CC) and load following (LF) dispatch strategies. Various electrical to thermal load ratio are considered for examining the system performance. Various uncertainties and their effects are reported on comparison of grid-connected and stand-alone options. The hardware components are reduced in size thereby appreciable cost benefits are observed in the results. In the optimized hybrid system, the renewable energy fraction is increased causing high renewable penetrations and the CO2 emission is reduced by a large value. For all the configurations analyzed, several environmental and cost benefits are offered by the CC strategy.
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Ivanov, Yevhen A., Diana A. Krychevska, Mariia R. Lopushanska, and Olga V. Pylypovych. "The geographical location, current state and forecasting of development of renewable energy facilities within Lviv region." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 1 (April 3, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112206.
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Ukraine, as a member of the European Energy Community, has committed itself to achieve a share of 12 % renewables in its final energy generation by 2025 and a share of at least 25 % by 2035 (including all hydropower and thermal energy capacities). In 2019, the share of renewables in electricity generation in Ukraine was only 4 %. Renewables produce 4 % of total electricity production in Lviv region. According to this indicator, the region is the leader in the Western Ukraine. The paper analyzes the geographical location and the current state of renewable energy facilities in the Lviv region and forecasting their further development. As of July 1, 2020, in Lviv region there are 67 renewable energy facilities with a total capacity of over 310 MW. Most of the renewables supply electricity to the integrated energy system at a “green” tariff. They include two wind power plants with a total capacity of 33.9 MW in Staryy Sambir district; 59 industrial solar power plants with a total capacity of over than 275 MW in 15 administrative districts of Lviv region, Boryslav and Chervonohrad cities; two mini hydropower plants with a total capacity of 0.576 MW in Drohobych and Turka districts; three mini heat and electricity production plants running on biomass and producing electricity and thermal energy (Radekhiv heat and electricity production plant with a capacity of 2.4 MW, other heat and electricity production plants with a total capacity of 3.66 MW); one biomass electricity production plant operating in the Eco-Mit LLC pig farm in the village of Batyatychi in Kamianka-Buzka district. In addition, 985 solar electricity production plants at private households were built in 20 administrative districts and 9 cities in the region. Their total capacity is over 19 MW, which is equivalent to average capacity of one industrial solar electricity production plant. The leader in the number of industrial facilities for renewable energy is Yavoriv district, where almost half of the total renewables’ capacity of Lviv region is concentrated. The largest number of solar electricity production plants of private households is located in Pustomyty and Yavoriv districts, and Lviv city, whereas the lowest number in mountainous areas, particular in Turka and Skole districts. As of January 1, 2020, solar energy constituted 70 % of renewable energy in Lviv region. At the same time, according to the Development Strategy of Lviv region for the period of 2021–2027, the largest share in the structure of electricity production belongs to wind energy. The development of renewable energy in Ukraine depends on the rate of “green” tariff. The actual financial stimulus has led to a rapid increase in the share of renewables in total electricity generation in Ukraine and Lviv region in particular. Promising areas for renewable energy in Lviv region are wind and bioenergy developments.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Study Assesses Potential of Renewable Energy in Power Sector." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 07 (July 1, 2021): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0721-0065-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 21348, “The Color of Energy: The Competition To Be the Energy of the Future,” by Hon Chung Lau, National University of Singapore, prepared for the 2021 International Petroleum Technology Conference, held virtually 23 March–1 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The author of the complete paper, for the purposes of this study, characterizes energies as brown, blue, or green. Brown energies are carbon dioxide (CO2)-emitting fossil fuels, such as gas, oil, or coal. Blue energies use carbon capture and storage (CCUS) technologies to remove the emitted CO2 from brown energies. Green energies are zero- or low-CO2-emitting renewable energies. By analyzing the CO2 intensity and levelized cost of energy of energy carriers of different colors, the author shows that renewable energies are best used in replacing fossil fuels in the power sector, where they have the greatest effect in reducing CO2 emission. Overview By 2017, only 11% of the world’s final consumption came from renewable energies, 85% came from fossil fuel, and 4% came from nuclear energy. Energy consumption can be divided into three sectors: power, transport, and thermal. At the time of writing, 26.4% of global power (electricity) consumption comes from renewable energies. In this sphere, renewable energies are making the most significant contribution in reducing CO2 emission. Forty-one percent of CO2 emission comes from electricity and heat, 21% from transport, and 21% from industry. Consequently, the key to global decarbonization is to decarbonize these three sectors. Green Energy Is Preferred Green energies consist of six major types: solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, and biomass. If 1 kWh of electricity generated by renewable energy (with the exception of biomass) is used to replace 1 kWh of electricity generated by fossil fuel, the net CO2 savings will amount to 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4 kg for replacing coal, oil, and natural gas, respectively. However, if 1 kWh of renewable electricity is used to generate green hydrogen (H2), which is then used for heat generation in industry, it will yield roughly 0.8 kWh of thermal energy, which replaces the same amount of thermal energy by natural gas. This amounts to a CO2 savings of only 0.16 kg CO2/kWh. Consequently, renewable power has the highest CO2 savings effect if it is used to replace fossil fuel for power generation rather than to replace fossil fuel for heat generation. Decarbonizing the Power Sector The power sector is easiest to decarbonize. The three methods foreseen to decarbonize the power sector are nuclear power, blue electricity generated by fossil-fuel power plants equipped with CCUS, and green electricity produced by renewables. The use of nuclear power plants is a country-specific issue. The dual challenge of nuclear plant safety and nuclear waste storage is a key sustainability issue. Recently, interest has been renewed in the idea of increasing investment in nuclear energy for decarbonizing the power sector. It is noteworthy that the countries for whom more than a quarter of their power generation is provided by nuclear energy are all in Europe.
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Okeke, O. C., D. Ken Onukuba, and C. Enwelu. "Renewable Energy: Concept, Technology and Uses." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 3, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 23–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v3i4.319.
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This paper looks into the various sources of renewable energy which includes solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric and biomass. Renewable energy supplies encompass a broad range of resources, and numerous technologies can be used to tap these resources. Some of these technologies include photovoltaic: solar hot water and solar thermal electric for solar energy technologies; the turbine technologies for wind energy; dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle power plants for geothermal energy; and biochemical, thermo chemical, pyrolysis processes for biomass. The benefits associated with these energy technologies were also explored. These benefits include improved public health and environmental quality, power generation, jobs and other economic benefits; and stabilization ofenergy price.
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Sinuhaji, Adrian Rizki. "Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Bali." KnE Energy 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v1i1.330.
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<p>OTEC is a method for generating electricity which uses the temperature difference that exist between deep and shallow water with the minimal difference about 20°C. This paper aim to determine the potential and the provision of new and renewable energy in Indonesia.OTEC is very compatible build in Indonesian sea because Indonesia is placed in equator teritory, a lot of island, strain and many difference of topography especially in North Bali Sea. A calculation ocean thermal distribution in Indonesia for OTEC is doing with statistics from ocean thermal surface.The maximum efficiency of carnot engine (ηmax) is obtained in the North Bali Sea by 0.788813. Figures are better than other regions in the Indonesia. OTEC power production is renewable energy that could be a solution to produce electricity, and also can produce fresh water and cold water for agricultural and cooling purposes especially in the tourist area like Bali. </p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong></em>: OTEC, Bali, Temperature, Renewable Energy </p>
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Michaelides, Efstathios E. "Thermal Storage for District Cooling—Implications for Renewable Energy Transition." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217317.
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The utilization of air conditioning in public and private buildings is continuously increasing globally and is one of the major factors fueling the growth of the global electricity demand. The higher utilization of renewable energy sources and the transition of the electricity-generating industry to renewable energy sources requires significant energy storage in order to avoid supply–demand mismatches. This storage-regeneration process entails dissipation, which leads to higher energy generation loads. Both the energy generation and the required storage may be reduced using thermal energy storage to provide domestic comfort in buildings. The development and utilization of thermal storage, achieved by chilled water, in a community of two thousand buildings located in the North Texas region are proven to have profound and beneficial effects on the necessary infrastructure to make this community independent of the grid and self-sufficient with renewable energy. The simulations show that both the necessary photovoltaics rating and the capacity of the electric energy storage system are significantly reduced when thermal storage with a chilled water system is used during the air conditioning season.
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Trunov, Stanislav S., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Aleksey V. Kuz’michev, and Nikolay G. Lamonov. "Use of Renewable Energy for Local Heating of Piglets." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-104-110.
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The analysis of technologies and technical means of creating a temperature regime in the piglet location zone, where two different temperature fields must be created in the cold season: one for breeding pigs, the other for suckling piglets. The article considers the question of the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as a source of thermal energy in local heating installations for suckling piglets. (Research purpose) There are proposed the functional and technological scheme of the installation for local heating of young animals with the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes. (Materials and methods) In the developed scheme, the thermal energy of the hot circuit of thermoelectric modules is used to heat the site on which the piglets are located. (Results and discussion) The heat of the cold circuit of the thermoelectric module assimilates the thermal energy of the removed ventilation air. For the effective operation of a thermoelectric installation for local heating of piglets, it is necessary that the cooling circuit, which absorbs thermal energy from the environment, be involved in some technological process for heat removal, for example, the heated ventilation air being removed. This leads to a significant increase in the efficiency of thermoelectric modules. At the same time, the installation will operate in the heat pump mode, since the amount of heat released in the heat exchanger of the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly exceeds the amount of electricity consumed from the network. (Conclusions) The article presents the sample of a thermoelectric installation was developed and its laboratory tests. The article describes the energy efficiency of the use of thermoelectric modules as energy converters in thermal technological processes.
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Narayanan, Muthalagappan. "Configuring the Objective Function of A Model Predictive Controller for An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Decentral Renewable Energy System." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34241.
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With the increasing integration of decentral renewable energy systems in the residential sector, the opportunity to enhance the control via model predictive control is available. In this article, the main focus is to investigate the objective function of the model predictive controller (MPC) of an integrated thermal-electrical renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cell along with auxiliary gas boiler and electricity grid using electrical and thermal storage in a single-family house. The mathematical definition of the objective function and the depth of detailing the objectives are the prime focus of this particular article. Four different objective functions are defined and are investigated on a day-to-day basis in the selected six representative days of the whole year for the single-family house in Ehingen, Germany with a white-box simulation model simulated using TRNSYS and MATLAB. Using the clustering technique then the six representative days are weighted extrapolated to a whole year and the outcomes of the whole year MPC implementation are estimated. The results show that the detailing of the mathematical model, even though is time and personnel consuming, does have its advantages. With the detailed objective function, 9% more solar thermal fraction; 32% less power-to-heat at an expense of 32% more gas boiler usage; 6% more thermal system effectiveness along with 10% increased total self-consumption fraction with 16% decrease in space heating demand, 492 kWh more battery usage and 66% reduced fuel cell production is achieved by the MPC in comparison to the status quo controller. Except for the effectiveness of the thermal system with increased gas boiler usage, which occurs due to less power-to-heat, the detailed objective function in comparison to the simple mathematical definition does evidently increase the smartness of the MPC.
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Barati, Shahrokh, Livio de Santoli, Gianluigi Lo Basso, Antonio Galizia, and Giulia Spiridigliozzi. "An Experimental Investigation on Energy Performance of The Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal System." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708003.
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Climate change is a worldwide recognized problem, and its mitigation identified as one of the most significant challenges. The way to achieve this purpose is to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions through the energy system using renewables. The change from an energy system based on fossil fuels to renewable sources-based one is necessary on which the world community agrees. A photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel is a system that can produce both electricity and thermal energy simultaneously in one integrated system. This paper deals with hybrid energy systems, specifically a hybrid system to produce power and thermal energy from solar sources consisting of photovoltaic thermal modules. The hybrid system consists of 7 hybrid photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of the laboratory. This paper presents a study for experimental data obtained from a measurement campaign of the thermal and electrical behavior of a PV/T system in single and series models.
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Sipkova, Veronika, Jiri Labudek, and Otakar Galas. "Low Energy Source Synthetic Thermal Energy Storage (STES)." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.143.
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The team of Building environment in VŠB-Technical university of Ostrava works intensively on options in long-term accumulation of heat in underground storages. The new concept follows the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings [1]. The Directive requires that energy should be extensively covered of renewable sources produced at or in the vicinity of building, where it will be consumed. The aim of the research is create thermal energy storage with model structure for complex of family house. For the storage will be used recycled materials especially recycled concrete. This system will be heat source in winter period and heat consumer in summer period.
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Sabishchenko, Oleksandr, Rafał Rębilas, Norbert Sczygiol, and Mariusz Urbański. "Ukraine Energy Sector Management Using Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071776.
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The Ukrainian energy sector is one of the most inflexible energy sectors in the world as a result of the almost complete depreciation of the equipment of the main sources of power supply: nuclear, thermal, and hydropower. In connection with existing problems, there is a need to develop and use new energy-saving technologies based on renewable energy sources. In this proposed research, a regression model of renewable energy growth in the energy sector of Ukraine was developed. The studied literature reveals that the independent use of individual functioning elements of renewable energy sources function as the primary power source that is not an optimal solution for stable energy supply. This study proposes the use of hybrid renewable energy systems, namely a combination of two or more renewable energy sources that will help each other to achieve higher energy efficiency, accelerate the growth of renewable energy in the share of the Ukrainian energy sector and/or improve functioning with battery energy storages. Moreover, the use of hybrid renewable energy systems in Ukraine will reduce the human impact on the environment, realize the potential of local renewable energy resources and also increase the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources. Therefore, mechanisms for managing state regulation of stimulating the development of hybrid renewable energy systems have been developed.
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Lew, Roger, Thomas A. Ulrich, and Ronald L. Boring. "Rancor Hybrid Energy System Microworld." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641426.
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Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources will require a diverse energy portfolio to ensure a reliable and resilient electrical grid. Renewable sources are proliferating but are intermittent and low periods of low production must be offset by other energy generators. When renewable demand is high baseload generators must scale back or utilize energy for other sources such as hydrogen production. Hybrid energy systems such as nuclear thermolysis hydrogen production could play a critical role for our energy future. Hydrogen is critical for manufacturing fertilizer as well as other industrial processes. Here we describe the development of a human system interface for a micro-reactor thermal storage hydrogen production system. The development of the interface parallels the engineering of a physical test-loop known as the Thermal Energy Delivery System (TEDS) at Idaho National Laboratory.
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Pathak, Kripa Shankar, and Ravindra Mohan. "To Maximize Heating Performance of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector by Geometrical Variation Using CFD Analysis." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i2.184.
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The potential of renewable energy should be investigated. Renewable energy is the energy from natural and unnatural available forms including wind, biomass, solar, and waste heat energy generated through various human activities. Solar energy is an available and clean form of renewable energy used as an alternative to fossil fuel in generating energy. However, the maximum extraction of thermal energy from the sun is most challenging. This study focuses on energy generation using the parabolic trough collector (PTC). This review contains geometrical analysis including the thermal approach of the PTC model, heat transfer, and method of enhancing thermal efficiency on the PTC receiver. So to identify the performance analysis, thermal efficiency, and applications of the solar-powered PTC and the history of PTC evolution. The PTC applications include desalination process, air heating system, power plants, refrigeration, and industrial heating purposes.
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Brecha, Robert J., Katherine Schoenenberger, Masaō Ashtine, and Randy Koon Koon. "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion—Flexible Enabling Technology for Variable Renewable Energy Integration in the Caribbean." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082192.
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Many Caribbean island nations have historically been heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels for both power and transportation, while at the same time being at an enhanced risk from the impacts of climate change, although their emissions represent a very tiny fraction of the global total responsible for climate change. Small island developing states (SIDSs) are among the leaders in advocating for the ambitious 1.5 °C Paris Agreement target and the transition to 100% sustainable, renewable energy systems. In this work, three central results are presented. First, through GIS mapping of all Caribbean islands, the potential for near-coastal deep-water as a resource for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is shown, and these results are coupled with an estimate of the countries for which OTEC would be most advantageous due to a lack of other dispatchable renewable power options. Secondly, hourly data have been utilized to explicitly show the trade-offs between battery storage needs and dispatchable renewable sources such as OTEC in 100% renewable electricity systems, both in technological and economic terms. Finally, the utility of near-shore, open-cycle OTEC with accompanying desalination is shown to enable a higher penetration of renewable energy and lead to lower system levelized costs than those of a conventional fossil fuel system.
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Jelić, Marko, Marko Batić, and Nikola Tomašević. "Demand-Side Flexibility Impact on Prosumer Energy System Planning." Energies 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 7076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217076.
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Apart from numerous technical challenges, the transition towards a carbon-neutral energy supply is greatly hindered by limited economic feasibility of renewable energy sources. This results in their slow and bounded penetration in both commercial and residential sectors that are responsible for over 40% of final energy consumption. This paper aims to demonstrate that combined application of sophisticated planning methodologies at building-level and presents incentive mechanisms for renewables that can result in prosumers, featuring hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), with economic performance comparable to that of conventional energy systems. The presented research enhances existing planning methodologies by integrating appliance-level demand side management into the decision process and investigates its effect on the planning problem. Moreover, the proposed methodology features an innovative and holistic approach that simultaneously assess electrical and thermal domain in both an isolated and grid-connected context. The analyzed hybrid system consists of solar photovoltaic, wind turbine and battery with thermal supply featuring solar thermal collector and a ground-source heat pump. Overall optimization problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear program, while ranking of all feasible alternatives is made by the multicriteria decision-making algorithm against several technological, economic, and environmental criteria. A real-life scenario of energy system retrofit for a building in the United Kingdom was employed to demonstrate overall cost savings of 12% in the present market and regulation context.
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Andrawina, Y. O., D. N. Sugianto, and I. Alifdini. "Initial Study Of Potency Thermal Energy Using OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) As A Renewable Energy For Halmahera Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 55 (February 2017): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/55/1/012032.
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Dumitrescu, Liliana, Corneliu Cristescu, Radu Rădoi, Ioan Pavel, Florian Dragomir, and Oana Diana Cristea. "Obtaining thermal energy from renewable sources in rural areas using a combined energy system." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018002014.
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The article presents an energy system solution in which the heat energy required to get domestic hot water needed for a family home is obtained by the cumulative conversion of energy from 2 renewable sources: solar energy and biomass energy. Compared to the classic variants of thermal systems, which exploit a single source and provide only partially the energy needed, the combined use consists of energy supply from one source when the other is unavailable or insufficient. In the present case, when the domestic hot water requirement is no longer covered by the solar thermal panels (consumption during the night, days without sun or temporary consumption higher than the usual one), energy from biomass is used in the same system. It is converted to thermal energy using a generator where the gasification module uses the TLUD process. In addition to a higher yield of biomass, this process allows the use of a wide range of biomass types, existing in rural areas. The article presents the results obtained from the experimentation of the system that uses 4 solar panels and a thermal energy generator with a power of approx. 10 kW.
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Hasovic, Zihnija, Boris Cosic, Adisa Omerbegovic-Arapovic, and Neven Duic. "Impact of new power investments up to year 2020 on the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thermal Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150105042h.
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This paper investigates current and planned investments in new power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina and impact of these investments on the energy sector, CO2 emission and internationally committed targets for electricity from renewable sources up to year 2020. Bosnia and Herzegovina possesses strong renewable energy potential, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil fuels, resulting in environment pollution. New major investments The Stanari Thermal plant (300 MW) and the investment in Block 7 (450 MW) at the Thermal Plant Tuzla are again focused on fossil fuels. The power sector is also highly dependent on the hydrology as 54% of current capacities are based on large hydro power. In order to investigate how the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be affected by these investments and hydrology, the EnergyPLAN model was used. Based on the foreseen demand for year 2020 several power plants construction and hydrology scenarios have been modelled to cover a range of possibilities that may occur. This includes export orientation of Stanari plant, impact of wet, dry and average year, delayed construction of Tuzla Block 7, constrained construction of hydro power plants, and retirement of thermal units. It can be concluded that energy system can be significantly affected by delayed investments but in order to comply with renewables targets Bosnia and Herzegovina will need to explore the power production from other renewable energy sources as well.
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Byrne, Paul, and Pascal Lalanne. "Parametric Study of a Long-Duration Energy Storage Using Pumped-Hydro and Carbon Dioxide Transcritical Cycles." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154401.
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The urgent energy transition needs a better penetration of renewable energy in the world’s energy mix. The intermittency of renewables requires the use of longer-term storage. The present system uses water displacement, in a lined rock cavern or in an aerial pressurised vessel, as the virtual piston of compressor and expander functions in a carbon dioxide heat pump cycle (HPC) and in an organic transcritical cycle (OTC). Within an impermeable membrane, carbon dioxide is compressed and expanded by filling and emptying pumped-hydro water. Carbon dioxide exchanges heat with two atmospheric thermal storage pits. The hot fluid and ice pits are charged by the HPC when renewable energy becomes available and discharged by the OTC when electricity is needed. A numerical model was built to replicate the system’s losses and to calculate its round-trip efficiency (RTE). A subsequent parametric study highlights key parameters for sizing and optimisation. With an expected RTE of around 70%, this CO2 PHES (pumped-hydro electricity storage) coupled with PTES (pumped thermal energy storage) could become a game-changer by allowing the efficient storage of intermittent renewable energy and by integrating with district heating and cooling networks, as required by cities and industry in the future.
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Khan, Muhammed Zafar Ali, Haider Ali Khan, and Muhammad Aziz. "Harvesting Energy from Ocean: Technologies and Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093456.
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The optimal utilization of renewable energies is a crucial factor toward the realization of sustainability and zero carbon in a future energy system. Tidal currents, waves, and thermal and salinity gradients in the ocean are excellent renewable energy sources. Ocean tidal, osmotic, wave, and thermal energy sources have yearly potentials that exceed the global power demand of 22,848 TWh/y. This paper extensively reviews the technologies related to energy harvesting from waves, tidal, ocean thermals, and the salinity gradient. Moreover, the socio-economic, social, and environmental aspects of the above technologies are also discussed. This paper provides a better picture of where to invest in the future energy market and highlights research gaps and recommendations for future research initiatives. It is expected that a better insight into ocean energy and a deep understanding of various potential devices can lead to a broader adoption of ocean energy. It is also clear that further research into control strategies is needed. Policy makers should provide financial support for technologies in the demonstration stage and employ road mapping to accelerate the cost and risk reductions to overcome economic hurdles. To identify traditional and online sources on the topic, the authors used electronic databases and keyword searching approaches. Among them, the International Renewable Energy Agency data were the primary database utilized to locate sources.
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Jurigova, Martina, and Ivan Chmúrny. "Systems of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.206.
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This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are increasing at present, but the resources of fuel are limited. There is a prediction, that they will become rare and more expensive in subsequent years. The technology, which can contribute to increasing the efficiency of energy consumption, is thermal energy storage. The role of such energy storage systems is to accumulate heat, balancing temperature differences and achievement the most effective use of the collected energy. Thermal energy storage plays an important role in increasing the using of renewable energy.
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Kalantari, Hosein, Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh, and Agus P. Sasmito. "Hybrid Renewable Hydrogen Energy Solution for Application in Remote Mines." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 6365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236365.
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Mining operations in remote locations rely heavily on diesel fuel for the electricity, haulage and heating demands. Such significant diesel dependency imposes large carbon footprints to these mines. Consequently, mining companies are looking for better energy strategies to lower their carbon footprints. Renewable energies can relieve this over-reliance on fossil fuels. Yet, in spite of their many advantages, renewable systems deployment on a large scale has been very limited, mainly due to the high battery storage system. Using hydrogen for energy storage purposes due to its relatively cheaper technology can facilitate the application of renewable energies in the mining industry. Such cost-prohibitive issues prevent achieving 100% penetration rate of renewables in mining applications. This paper offers a novel integrated renewable–multi-storage (wind turbine/battery/fuel cell/thermal storage) solution with six different configurations to secure 100% off-grid mining power supply as a stand-alone system. A detailed comparison between the proposed configurations is presented with recommendations for implementation. A parametric study is also performed, identifying the effect of different parameters (i.e., wind speed, battery market price, and fuel cell market price) on economics of the system. The result of the present study reveals that standalone renewable energy deployment in mine settings is technically and economically feasible with the current market prices, depending on the average wind speed at the mine location.
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Ceglia, Francesca, Elisa Marrasso, Carlo Roselli, Maurizio Sasso, Guido Coletta, and Luigi Pellegrino. "Biomass-Based Renewable Energy Community: Economic Analysis of a Real Case Study." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 5655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155655.
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Renewable energy communities are catalysts of social innovation, the citizens’ engagement in energy actions, and the exploitation of local resources. Thus, this paper defines a model for analyzing and optimally sizing energy systems serving renewable energy communities. Then, the proposed and replicable model was tailored to the economic feasibility analysis of a renewable energy community in the municipality of Tirano (Northern Italy). An energy audit was carried out to identify the electricity production and consumption within the perimeter of the primary substation and the thermal energy demand of the existing district heating network. The technical features of the energy conversion systems serving the renewable energy community were determined: an organic Rankine cycle biomass-based cogeneration plant, a mini-hydro plant, and a distributed photovoltaic system. Moreover, several different scenarios have been identified, in terms of cogeneration operating mode, photovoltaic penetration, and thermal energy economic value. The results show that, moving from 4.22 MW to 5.22 MW of photovoltaic peak power, the annual renewable electricity production increases by 10.1%. In particular, the simple pay back ranges between 4.90 and 4.98 years and the net present value between EUR 12.4 and 13.3 M for CHP operating at full power mode, considering that thermal energy available from the cogeneration unit is sold at EUR 49.2/MWh. These outcomes demonstrate the economic feasibility of wood-biomass-based renewable energy communities, which may help to enlarge the contribution of renewable technologies other than photovoltaic.
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TUDORACHE, Valentin-Paul, and Niculae-Napoleon ANTONESCU. "ROMANIA AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN UNCONVENTIONAL, CLEAN AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE." ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF ROMANIAN SCIENTISTS Series on ENGINEERING SCIENCES 14, no. 1 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarscieng.2022.1.5.
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Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Water and/or steam carry the geothermal energy to the Earth’s surface. Temperature variability in the depth of the earth's crust is known as the geothermal gradient. The natural heat of the Earth's core is due to the various physical and chemical processes that occur inside. Depending on its characteristics, geothermal energy can be used for heating and cooling purposes or be harnessed to generate clean electricity.
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Dumitrescu, C., R. Rădoi, C. Cristescu, and L. Dumitrescu. "EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF A COMBINED THERMAL SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENT USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 60, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-60-32.
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The article presents an experimental model of a modular structure system for the production of thermal energy and the results of conducting specific tests. The experimental model uses two renewable energy sources - solar energy and energy generated by burning biomass - to provide thermal energy for an increased duration, regardless of the atmospheric factors. Properly sized, the system can be designed as a series product, in a variety of powers, to be used by heat suppliers, and also by individuals, especially the ones from remote areas, who want to ensure their thermal energy independence by using renewable energy.
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Sheina, Svetlana, Murtadha Muhsin, and Lidiya Girya. "Application technology solar thermal power plant in Al-Kut." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305019.
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In this research, we study the operation and challenges of a renewable energy facility in the city of Kut, in central Iraq, which is common in Iraq, the electricity is generating from oil and gas which are harmful to the environment. In the article we have made a detailed study on power generation by relying on sunlight and the water of the Tigris River (the most famous river in Iraq). The article aims to develop detailed solutions to obtain energy without harming the environment by converting solar thermal energy into kinetic energy to generate the steam needed to rotate turbines during the day. And stored energy for use at night. The research shows the results of renewable energy evaluation and technology management in Iraq. To reduce the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels to maintain a safe and clean environment. The world today has already begun to turn to this type of energy, and Iraq is one of the first countries in the Middle East, which has a good climate and record conditions for the success of renewable energy projects, technology renewable energy projects in Iraq is a must, given our lack of such important projects in the public interest.
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Gul, Eid, Giorgio Baldinelli, and Pietro Bartocci. "Energy Transition: Renewable Energy-Based Combined Heat and Power Optimization Model for Distributed Communities." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 6740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186740.
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New energy technologies are gaining rising importance because of climate change and increasing energy demand, and they show an enormous potential to mitigate environmental issues. With the purpose of maximizing the renewable energy utilization, combined heat and power systems are considered more effective, economical, and ecological. However, renewable energy-based combined heat and power systems are still in the development phase. Hence, this study presents a new methodology to produce combined electricity and heat from wind and solar PV systems to meet the energy demand of small, distributed communities. For this scope, an optimization model is developed to exploit rationally the power generation from renewables and meet the electricity and heating demand of two selected communities. The curtailed energy of solar and wind systems is used to produce heat by a thermal load controller combined with a natural gas boiler. The developed model is also integrated with the grid station for energy exchange. This study contributes also to evaluate the economic and environmental feasibility of combined heat and power systems, and determine the best optimal operational strategies to extend the renewable energy utilization and minimize energy costs. The obtained results show that a significant amount of clean energy can be produced, covering the 79% of the energy demand of the selected communities, at the lowest levelized cost of energy of 0.013 €/kWh; meanwhile, the proposed system reduces 4129 tons of CO2 emissions annually.
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Maronati, G. "Molten salt based nuclear-renewable energy system with thermal storage." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. 15 (April 2017): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj15.525.
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ARAI, Yusuke, Kosuke Ito, and Hikaru Yashiro. "Study of Self-sufficient Renewable Energy System with Thermal Storage." Proceedings of Conference of Tohoku Branch 2017.52 (2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeth.2017.52.121.
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