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Academic literature on the topic 'Thermal properties of porous foam'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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Wang, Bin, Bugao Xu, and Hejun Li. "Fabrication and properties of carbon/carbon-carbon foam composites." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 21-22 (March 13, 2019): 4452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519836942.

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This paper was focused on the development of a new composite for high thermal insulation applications with carbon/carbon (C/C) composites, carbon foams and an interlayer of phenolic-based carbon. The microstructure, mechanical properties, fracture mechanism and thermal insulation performance of the composite was investigated. The experiment results showed that the bonding strength of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 4.31 MPa, and that the fracture occurred and propagated near the interface of the carbon foam and the phenolic-based carbon interlayer due to the relatively weak bonding. The shear load-displacement curves were characterized by alternated linear slopes and serrated plateaus before a final failure. he experiment revealed that the thermal conductivity of the C/C-carbon foam composite was 1.55 W·m−1ċK−1 in 800℃, which was 95.8% lower than that of C/C composites, proving that the thermal insulation of the new foam composite was greatly enhanced by the carbon foam with its porous hollow microstructure.
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Kishimoto, Akira, Takahiro Nakagawa, Takashi Teranishi, and Hidetaka Hayashi. "Superplastically Foaming Method for Reliable Porous Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.109.

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Porous ceramics incorporates pores to improve several properties including thermal insulation, maintaining inherent ceramic properties such as corrosion resistance and large mechanical strength. Conventional porous ceramics is usually fabricated through an insufficient sintering, leading to degraded strength and durability. Contrary to this, we have innovated superplastically foaming method to make ceramic foam only in the solid state. In this method, the previously inserted foam agent evaporates after the full densification of matrix at around the sintering temperature. Closed pores expand utilizing the superplastic deformation driven by the evolved gas pressure. Based on this concept we fabricated 8mol% yttria stabirized zirconia based porous ceramics and examined the properties concerning the high temperature structural material with thermal insulation.
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Ahn, Jae Hyeok, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Jeong Dae Kim, Seul Kee Kim, Kang Hyun Park, Sung Kyun Park, and Jae Myung Lee. "Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Polyurethane-Based Composite with Silica Aerogel." Materials Science Forum 951 (April 2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.951.63.

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Synthesis of polyurethane foams (PUF) with silica aerogel nanoparticles is an efficient alternative to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the foam owing to the outstanding thermal insulation properties of porous silica aerogel nanoparticles. Silica aerogel was added into polyurethane foams at different weight percent (0, 1, 3, 5 wt.%) to observe the changes in the material properties. To confirm the applicability of the synthesized PUF to the heat insulating material, compressive tests were carried out at ambient and cryogenic temperature (20, -163°C) and the thermal conductivities were measured according to wt.%. In addition, the cell microstructure was identified using FE-SEM to analyze the effect of silica aerogels on the foam morphologies. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the mechanical strength and the heat insulation performance were improved in the polyurethane foam containing 1 wt.% of silica aerogel.
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Lin, Ya Mei, Cui Wei Li, Feng Kun Yang, and Chang An Wang. "Fabrication and Properties of Porous Anorthite⁄Mullite Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.590.

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Porous anorthite/mullite composite ceramics with different mullite content were fabricated by foam-gelcasting, using CaCO3, SiO2, α-Al2O3as raw material for anorthite phase and mullite powder for mullite phase. Effects of mullite powder content on bulk density, porosity, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the porous composite ceramics were researched. It has been shown that mullite powder content has great effect on microstructure and properties of the porous anorthite⁄mullite composite ceramics. The open porosity of the prepared porous anorthite⁄mullite composite ceramics is in the range of 58.7 %~77.5 %, the compressive strength is between 4.2 and 30.9 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.18 ~1.47 W⁄(m·K).
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Deptulski, Rafael, Gisele Vieira, and Rachid Bennacer. "Active wall through a porous media foam type: flow and transfer characterization." MATEC Web of Conferences 330 (2020): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033001052.

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Despite the efforts to develop new solutions to achieve the objectives of positive buildings in energy, a few studies in this area has been performed using a porous media foam type. The aim of this paper is to present the behaviour transfers of flow through a multi-structured porous media and to achieve the influence of the porosity and the thermal conductivity properties of the skeletal phase, and the interaction with a cross flow in order to get the equivalent of a perfect insulator. Therefore, in a specially made device, a finite volume method was applied to study a flow through a porous media foam-type, which was simulated to characterize the properties of the equivalent medium in terms of permeability and thermal conductivity. The analysis demonstrates that the solid phase composition and the medium porosity, as well as the distribution of pore size, are preponderant characteristics to constitute a foam structured media. Furthermore, the thermal boundary layer given by a forced convection through the porous medium has demonstrated the important influence of the flow phenomenon in a thermodynamic coupling. Lastly, three optimum configurations for the construction envisaging a balance of depleted thermal and dynamic powers for a relative conductivity *=10 were found between the velocity 2 10-3 (m/s) and 4 10-3 (m/s).
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Mashkin, Nikolay, Ekaterina Bartenjeva, and Rustam Mansurov. "Naturally cured foamed concrete with improved thermal insulation properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302005.

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The paper is dedicated to investigation on improvement of thermal insulation properties of non-autoclaved concrete by increasing aggregate stability of foamed concrete mixture. The study demonstrates influence of mineral admixtures on the foam stability index in the mortar mixture and on decrease of foamed concrete density and thermal conductivity. The effect of mineral admixtures on thermal conductivity properties of non-autoclaved concrete was assessed through different ways of their addition: to the foam and to the mortar mixture. The admixtures were milled up to the specific surface area of 300 and 600 m2/kg using an AГO-9 centrifugal attrition mill with continuous operation mode (Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk). Laboratory turbulent foam concrete mixer was used to prepare foamed concrete. Thermal conductivity coefficient was defined by a quick method using “ИTП-MГ 4 “Zond” thermal conductivity meter in accordance with the regulatory documents. The impact of modifiers on the foam structure stability was defined using the foam stability index for the mortar mixture. The research demonstrated the increase in stability of porous structure of non-autoclaved concrete when adding wollastonite and diopside. Improvement of thermal and physical properties was demonstrated, the decrease of thermal conductivity coefficient reaches 0.069 W/(m×°C)
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Mohd Razali, Razmi Noh, Bulan Abdullah, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, and Norhamidi Muhamad. "Characteristic of Modified Geometrical Open-Cell Aluminum Foam by Casting Replication Process." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.37.

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In this work, aluminium foams with modified geometry were successfully fabricated with a combination of dense and porous structure The main objective of this study were to determine the initial physical properties of aluminium foam with modified geometry in terms of density, porosity and morphology. Three different NaCl space holder sizes ranging from 1 mm to 3 mm were sieved and used to replicate the final pore size of aluminium foam. The samples were successfully produced through casting replication process. After densification, samples underwent water leaching in ultrasonic bath to remove completely the space holder. Results showed that porosity of the aluminium foam increased from 50 – 62% when the size of space holder was increased from 1 mm to 3 mm. The morphology showed clearly an integrated modified geometry between dense and inter-connected porous structure which is beneficial for applications that require combination properties of structural, thermal and mechanical properties.
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Barteneva, Ekaterina A., Mikhail A. Ylesin, Nikolay A. Mashin, and Dmitry V. Dubrov. "Improvement of Heat-Insulating Properties of Foam Concrete by Means of Mineral Additives." Key Engineering Materials 771 (June 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.771.31.

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Foam concrete solidifying in natural conditions significantly shrinks, which causes deterioration of the porous structure and thus the increase in the heat conductivity of the material. One of the solutions for this problem is application of mineral modifiers. As the mineral modifiers the authors used the production waste – mineral additives (wollastonite, diopside) at natural dispersive capacity, as well as milled down to 300 and 600 m2/kg of specific surface. The application of perlite microspheres in foam concrete was investigated. The thermal conductivity coefficient was defined by rapid method. The optimal composition of the mixture for manufacturing foam concrete products with mineral additives ensures the decrease in the heat conductivity coefficient by 41-43% compared to the reference composition. At complete replacement of fly-ash aggregate by perlite microspheres the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases down to 0.062 W/ (m×°С). The economic effect of application of the developed foam concrete with the additive of wollastonite and diopside compared with the foam concrete presented on the market is equal to 259 / 388 RUB/m2 of an erected structure at the density of D300/ D400 respectively. Thus, directed regulation of the porous structure of cellular concrete leads to significant improvement of stability of the foam concrete mixture, which makes the prerequisites to the decrease in the thermal conductivity of the material and positive technical and economical results.
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Adamek, Grzegorz, Mikolaj Kozlowski, Mieczyslawa Jurczyk, Przemyslaw Wirstlein, Jakub Zurawski, and Jaroslaw Jakubowicz. "Formation and Properties of Biomedical Ti-Ta Foams Prepared from Nanoprecursors by Thermal Dealloying Process." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172668.

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The paper presents a promising method of preparation of titanium-based foams by the thermal dealloying method. The first step of this study was the Ti-Ta-Mg based nanopowder preparation using the mechanical alloying (MA) process performed at room temperature. The next step was forming the green compacts by cold pressing and then sintering with magnesium dealloying from the titanium-based alloy structure. The mechanism of the porous structure formation was based on the removal of magnesium from the titanium alloy at a temperature higher than the boiling point of magnesium (1090 °C). The influence of the Mg content on the formation of the porous Ti-30Ta foam has been investigated. The sintering stage was performed in vacuum. During the dealloying process, the magnesium atoms diffuse from the middle to the surface of the sample and combine to form vapors and then evaporate leaving pores surrounded by the metallic scaffold. The porosity, the mechanical properties as well as biocompatibility have been investigated. The titanium-based foam of high porosity (up to 76%) and the pore size distribution from nano- to micro-scale have been successfully prepared. For the medical applications, the Ti-Ta metallic foams have shown a positive behavior in the MTT test. The as-shown results clearly exhibit a great potential for thermal dealloying in the preparation of porous structures.
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Kim, B., P. Nun-anan, K. Hancharoen, K. Seiichi, and K. Boonkerd. "Effect of Type and Content of Blowing Agent on Properties of NR/EPDM/EVA Foam." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2175, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2175/1/012018.

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Abstract This research aimed to study the influence of type and content of blowing agents on the properties of rubber foam NR/EPDM/EVA. Supercell DP, supercell RC 720, and EW5 were used here as a blowing agent. The content of the blowing agent was varied from 3 phr to 4 and 5 phr. The results showed that supercell RC 720 and OBSH were not suitable for this trinary rubber foam due to the absence of even porous structure, while the supercell DP gave the even porous structure throughout the sample and the lowest density. It was found that increasing supercell DP loading led to the increase in pore size, thermal conductivity but the decrease in the density, tensile strength, and elastic recovery of rubber foam. Owing to the lowest thermal conductivity, it can be inferred here that supercell DP at 5 phr was suitable to produce rubber foam from NR blended with EPDM and EVA for a ceiling board application.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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Anghelescu, Mihnea S. "Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Carbon Foam." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3353337.

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Piquemal, Philippe. "Élaboration d'un nouveau matériau isolant phonique et thermique en verre expansé et mise au point d'un procédé utilisant un chauffage diélectrique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10203.

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On cherche à fabriquer un matériau en verre expansé (foamglass) ayant une bonne absorption acoustique à l'aide d'un processus d'expansion faisant appel au chauffage mixte diélectrique et infra-rouge. Deux types de matériaux à cellules ouvertes (petites bulles ou grandes bulles) sont conçus au laboratoire. On suit l'absorption aux moyennes et hautes fréquences (microondes). L'apport d'énergie électromagnétique au cours du chauffage infra-rouge favorisé l'expansion du matériau, alors que les microondes sont peu satisfaisantes
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Vijay, Dig. "Forced convective heat transfer through open cell foams." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-226330.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate forced convection of air through open cell foams. It can be numerically investigated either by implementing the time efficient macroscopic models or computationally expensive microscopic models. However, during the course of this study, it was observed that the macroscopic models are not sufficient for determining the desired key parameters. Nevertheless, it is still possible that these macroscopic models can be used to design an application accurately with minimum time efforts if the concerned key parameters are already known through other means. Accordingly, in this work, a methodology is developed to determine the desired key parameters by implementing the microscopic models, which are further used into the macroscopic models for designing different applications. To validate the proposed methodology, a set of steady state and transient forced convection experiments were performed for a set of ceramic foams having different pore diameter (10−30 PPI) and porosity (0.79−0.87) for a superficial velocity in the range of 0.5−10 m/s.
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Rodeheaver, Bret Alan. "Open-celled microcellular themoplastic foam." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18914.

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Geiger, Derek M. "AN EXPERIMENT ON INTEGRATED THERMAL MANAGEMENT USING METALLIC FOAM." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/75.

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This report details an approach to using metal foam heat exchangers inside an integrated thermal management system on a variable cycle engine. The propulsion system of interest is a variable cycle engine with an auxiliary, variable flow rate fan. The feasibility of utilizing an open-celled metallic foam heat exchanger in the ducting between the constant and variable-fans on this variable cycle engine to cool the avionics was explored using an experimental approach. Two heat exchangers, 6.3 inch width by 6.3 inch length by 0.5 inch thickness, were constructed from 20 and 40 pores per inch (PPI) metal foam and tested. Both were constructed using 6061-T6 aluminum open-cell metal foam with a relative density of 8% and brazed using 4047 aluminum braze to 0.02 inch thick sheet metal made of 6061-T6 aluminum. Both models were subjected to internal forced convection using heated air with flow rates of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). They were also subjected to external forced convection using blowers to supply cooling air to simulate the variable cycle engine’s fans. One duct was supplied with a constant 34 ft/s cooling flow, while the other cooling flow velocity was varied between 0% and 100% of this 34 ft/s, in 25% increments. The temperature and pressure of the flow internal to the metal foam, as well as the heat exchanger external surface and cold flow temperatures, were recorded. A hot-flow Reynolds number range of 1,300 to 6,400 was tested. Results showed expected trends for the hydraulic performance of both heat exchangers. The form factors were 50.4 and 54.8 ft^-1 and the permeabilities were 9.11E-7 and 6.32E-7 ft^2 for the 20 and 40 PPI heat exchangers, respectively. Due to a defect on one side of the 40 PPI heat exchanger, the thermal results are based only on the 20 PPI heat exchanger. While the present study examines a different metal foam heat transfer configuration than most other studies, the metal foam Nusselt numbers were comparable to past studies. In addition, the pumping power required was not excessive and would allow the thermal management system to be realized without an unreasonable energy input. Therefore, a metal foam heat exchanger integrated within the ducting of a variable cycle engine is deemed feasible. The pumping power and thermal resistance were used to create a performance predicting model of the 20 PPI heat exchanger. From this model, the optimized 20 PPI heat exchanger has a hot-flow rate of 10.5 SCFM. The resulting pumping power and thermal resistance are estimated to be 6.7 BTU/hr and 0.036 °R/(BTU/hr), respectively.
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Mahasaranon, Sararat. "Acoustic and thermal properties of recycled porous media." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5516.

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This thesis is concerned with developing porous materials from tyre shred residue and polyurethane binder for acoustic absorption and thermal insulation applications. The resultant materials contains a high proportion of open, interconnected cells that are able to absorb incident sound waves through viscous friction, inertia effects and thermal energy exchanges. The materials developed are also able to insulate against heat by suppressing the convection of heat and reduced conductivity of the fluid locked in the large proportion of close-cell pores. The acoustic absorption performance of a porous media is controlled by the number of open cells and pore size distribution. Therefore, this work also investigates the use of catalysts and surfactants to modify the pore structure and studies the influence of the various components in the chemical formulations used to produce these porous materials. An optimum type and amounts of catalyst are selected to obtain a high chemical conversion and a short expanding time for the bubble growth phase. The surfactant is used to reduce the surface tension and achieve a homogenous mixing between the solid particulates tyre shred residue, the water, the catalyst and the binder. It is found that all of the components significantly affect the resultant materials structure and its morphology. The results show that the catalyst has a particularly strong effect on the pore structure and the ensuing thermal and acoustical properties. In this research, the properties of the porous materials developed are characterized using standard experimental techniques and the acoustic and thermal insulation performance underpinned using theoretical models. The important observation from this research is that a new class of recycled materials with pore stratification has been developed. It is shown that the pore stratification can have a positive effect on the acoustic absorption in a broadband frequency range. The control of reaction time in the foaming process is a key function that leads to a gradual change in the pore size distribution, porosity, flow resistivity and tortuosity which vary as a function of sample depth. It is shown that the Pade approximation is a suitable model to study the acoustic behaviour of these materials. A good agreement between the measured data and the model was attained.
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Mueller, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Determining the Role of Porosity on the Thermal Properties of Graphite Foam." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34110.

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Graphite foams have high bulk thermal conductivity and low density, making them an excellent material for heat exchanger applications. This research focused on the characterization of graphite foams under various processing conditions (different foaming pressures and particle additions), specifically studying the effects of porosity on the thermal properties. The characterization of the foams included measuring cell sizes, percent open porosity, number of cells per square inch, bulk density, Archimedes density, compression strength, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, and permeability. Several relationships between the structure and properties were established, and a recommendation for the processing conditions of graphite foams for the use in heat exchangers was determined.
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Bai, Chengying. "Highly porous geopolymer components." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427257.

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The geopolymers, semi-crystalline three-dimensional silico-aluminate inorganic polymers, have attracted increasing attention from a wide range of scientific interests. The topic of this study deals with the synthesis, the characterization and the potential applications of porous geopolymers (PGs) or geopolymer foams (GFs, total porosity > 70 vol%), realized through different processing routes. Firstly, the processes are divided into five categories: (i) direct foaming, (ii) replica method, (iii) sacrificial template, (iv) the 3D printing, and (v) others. The microstructure, porosity, and properties of porous geopolymers also compared and discussed. Secondly, K-based porous geopolymers were produced by direct foaming using hydrogen peroxide as chemical pore-forming agent (PFA) combined with three types of stabilizing agent (SA, egg white, Tween 80, vegetable oils), and by direct foaming plus reactive emulsion templating. Furthermore, open-celled phosphate-based porous geopolymers were obtained by a simple direct foaming method (using Triton X-100 as physical pore-forming agent). The porosity, pore morphology, high temperature performance, adsorption, mechanical, and insulating properties of PGs were investigated. High strength PGs with tailored porosity and controlled macro-porous structure were fabricated by different processes. The results suggest that the porous geopolymers are promising low-cost highly porous candidates for potential applications such as catalyst or membrane supports (high open porosity and high strength), adsorption (high removal efficiency and adsorption capacity with high open porosity) and insulating (low thermal conductivity, high porosity, and acceptable strength) materials.
I geopolimeri, polimeri inorganici silicoalluminati tridimensionali semi-cristallini, hanno attirato crescente attenzione da una vasta gamma di interessi scientifici. L'argomento di questo studio riguarda la sintesi, la caratterizzazione e le potenziali applicazioni di geopolimeri porosi (PG) o schiume di geopolimeri (GF, porosità totale> 70% vol), realizzati attraverso diversi percorsi di lavorazione. In primo luogo, i processi sono suddivisi in cinque categorie: (i) schiumatura diretta, (ii) metodo di replica, (iii) modello sacrificale, (iv) stampa 3D e (v) altri. Anche la microstruttura, la porosità e le proprietà dei geopolimeri porosi sono state confrontate e discusse. In secondo luogo, i geopolimeri porosi basati su K sono stati prodotti mediante schiumatura diretta utilizzando perossido di idrogeno come agente chimico di formazione dei pori (PFA) combinato con tre tipi di agente stabilizzante (SA, bianco d'uovo, Tween 80, oli vegetali) e mediante schiumatura diretta più reattivo emulsione che modella. Inoltre, geopolimeri porosi a base di fosfato a cellule aperte sono stati ottenuti con un semplice metodo di schiumatura diretta (usando Triton X-100 come agente fisico di formazione dei pori). Sono state studiate la porosità, la morfologia dei pori, le prestazioni ad alte temperature, l'adsorbimento, le proprietà meccaniche e isolanti delle PG. I PG ad alta resistenza con porosità adattata e struttura macroporosa controllata sono stati fabbricati con diversi processi. I risultati suggeriscono che i geopolimeri porosi promettono candidati altamente porosi a basso costo per potenziali applicazioni come catalizzatori o supporti a membrana (elevata porosità aperta e alta resistenza), adsorbimento (alta efficienza di rimozione e capacità di adsorbimento con elevata porosità aperta) e isolanti (basso materiali di conducibilità termica, elevata porosità e resistenza accettabile).
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Zahedi, Maryam. "Meshfree Method for Prediction of Thermal Properties of Porous Ceramic Materials." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/954.

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In the presented thesis work, meshfree method with distance fields is applied to create a novel computational approach which enables inclusion of the realistic geometric models of the microstructure and liberates Finite Element Analysis(FEA) from thedependance on and limitations of meshing of fine microstructural feature such as splats and porosity.Manufacturing processes of ceramics produce materials with complex porosity microstructure.Geometry of pores, their size and location substantially affect macro scale physical properties of the material. Complex structure and geometry of the pores severely limit application of modern Finite Element Analysis methods because they require construction of spatial grids (meshes) that conform to the geometric shape of the structure. As a result, there are virtually no effective tools available for predicting overall mechanical and thermal properties of porous materials based on their microstructure. This thesis is a separate handling and controls of geometric and physical computational models that are seamlessly combined at solution run time. Using the proposedapproach we will determine the effective thermal conductivity tensor of real porous ceramic materials featuring both isotropic and anisotropic thermal properties. This work involved development and implementation of numerical algorithms, data structure, and software.
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Zihms, Stephanie Gabriele. "Smouldering and thermal remediation effects on properties and behaviour of porous media." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23194.

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Smouldering and thermal remediation processes can achieve rapid removal of organic contaminants from soils but these processes expose soils to high temperatures for extended periods of time. Wild fire research shows changes in soil properties, when exposed to temperatures up to 850°C. Based on temperatures achieved during smouldering, this work aims to investigate how high temperature thermal and smouldering treatments affect soils. Laboratory experiments on simple soils prepared from silica sand and silica sandkaolin show that thermal treatments affect soil particle size distribution, mass, pH, mineralogy, liquid limits, and plastic limits. Properties such as particle density and bulk density remain unchanged after exposure to elevated temperatures. In silica sand, shear strength decreases with increasing temperature and smouldering whereas it increases with increasing temperature in the sand-kaolin soil. High temperatures and smouldering may smooth the sand particle surfaces and reduce interparticle friction. The presence of kaolin may protect the sand grains from this effect and affect the shear strength through mineralogical changes. Kaolin addition has similar effects on hydraulic conductivity. Samples containing 10% kaolin show a relationship between hydraulic history, microstructure and hydraulic conductivity. Samples treated by smouldering have lower saturated hydraulic conductivities compared to furnace treatments. For silica sand no changes in hydraulic conductivity were observed. These changes in dynamic response were linked to changes on a particle scale such as chemistry, mineralogy, and composition.
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Books on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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Ene, Horia I. Thermal flow in porous media. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1987.

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The thermophysics of porous media. Boca Raton, Fla: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.

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A, Charlez Philippe, ed. Mechanics of porous media. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995.

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Andreas, Öchsner, Murch G. E, and Lemos, Marcelo J. S. de., eds. Cellular and porous materials: Thermal properties simulation and prediction. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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1948-, Bejan Adrian, ed. Convection in porous media. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Nield, Donald A. Convection in porous media. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 1999.

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Mechanics of Porous Media Summer School (1994 Aussois, France). Mechanics of porous media: Lecture notes of the Mechanics of Porous Media Summer School, June 1994. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995.

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Kaviany, M. Principles of heat transfer in porous media. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Kaviany, M. Principles of heat transfer in porous media. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Sparks, Larry L. Thermal conductivity of selected foams and systems from 100 to 300 K. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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Koshida, Nobuyoshi. "Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon." In Handbook of Porous Silicon, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04508-5_20-1.

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Koshida, Nobuyoshi. "Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon." In Handbook of Porous Silicon, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04508-5_20-2.

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Koshida, Nobuyoshi. "Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon." In Handbook of Porous Silicon, 207–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05744-6_20.

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Koshida, Nobuyoshi. "Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon." In Handbook of Porous Silicon, 299–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71381-6_20.

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Gladkov, S. O. "On Specific Features of Thermal Conduction and Diffusion in Porous Dielectrics." In Dielectric Properties of Porous Media, 115–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06705-5_5.

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Pitre, John J., and Joseph L. Bull. "Imaging the Mechanical Properties of Porous Biological Tissue." In Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering, 831–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26695-4_38.

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Pitre, John J., and Joseph L. Bull. "Imaging the Mechanical Properties of Porous Biological Tissue." In Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32003-8_38-2.

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Lyubimov, Dmitry V. "Dynamic Properties of Thermal Convection in Porous Medium." In Instabilities in Multiphase Flows, 289–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1594-8_24.

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Pranoto, I., K. C. Leong, A. A. Rofiq, H. M. Arroisi, and M. A. Rahman. "Study on the Pool Boiling Bubble Departure Diameter and Frequency from Porous Graphite Foam Structures." In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 217–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_40.

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Sun, Xiaowei, Miao Gao, Honghong Zhou, Jing Lv, and Zhaoyang Ding. "Influence of Fiber on Properties of Graphite Tailings Foam Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 508–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_46.

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AbstractThe project used graphite tailings as a filler to prepare graphite tailings foamed concrete. Mainly studied the physical properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties of the foam concrete by graphite tailings, also studied the combination of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber influence of foam concrete compressive strength and cracking strength. The experimental results show that in the case of the same dry density grade, adding 20% graphite tailings can make the foam concrete strength reach its peak. When the water-binder ratio is 0.65 and the self-made chemical foaming agent content is 7%, the optimal total fiber volume blending rate is 0.18%, and the blending ratio of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber is 2:1. The compounding of polypropylene fiber and glass fiber can improve the flexural performance of foam concrete, which is not conducive to the thermal insulation performance of foam concrete, but the test results are still better than industry standards.
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Conference papers on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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Druma, A. M., M. K. Alam, and C. Druma. "Numerical Analysis of Conduction in a Foam." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39550.

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Porous organic materials are being developed for use as insulation, heat spreaders, and compact heat exchanger cores. The bulk properties of such a porous medium are difficult to determine analytically, particularly for the case of high porosity or when the porous material is not isotropic or homogeneous. Models that predict thermal conductivity of foams often use an empirical parameter to account for the effect of pore shape and material microstructure on the conduction process. A finite element analysis has been developed to calculate the thermal conductivity of a porous medium containing micropores. The effective thermal conductivity and the empirical conduction parameter are evaluated by comparing the results of the analytical and numerical models.
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Chai, Yue, Xiaohu Yang, Xiangzhao Meng, Qunli Zhang, and Liwen Jin. "Study of Micro-Structure Based Effective Thermal Conductivity of Graphite Foam." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6721.

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As a new type of functional material, porous graphite foam exhibits unique thermal physical properties and geometric characteristics in heat transfer applications. It has the advantages of low density, high specific surface area, high porosity and high bulk thermal conductivity, which can be used as the core component of small, lightweight, compact and efficient heat sinks. Effective thermal conductivity serves one of the key thermophysical properties for foam-cored heat sinks. The complex three-dimensional topology and interstitial fluids significantly affect the heat conduction through such kind of porous structures, reflecting a topologically based effective thermal conductivity. This paper presents a novel geometric model for representing the microstructure of graphite foams, with simplifications and modifications made on the actual pore structure of graphite foam. For calculation simplicity, we convert the realized geometry consisting of complex surfaces and tortuous ligaments into a simplified geometry with circular ligaments joined at cuboid nodes, on the basis of the volume equivalency rule. The multiple-layer method is used to divide the proposed geometry into solvable areas and the series-parallel relations are used to derive the analytical model for effective thermal conductivity. To physically explore the heat conduction mechanisms at pore scale, direction numerical simulations were conducted on the reconstructed geometric model. Achieving good agreement with experimental data, the present analytical model (based on the simplified geometry) is validated. Further, the numerically simulated conductivities follow the model prediction, favoring thermally that the two geometries are equal. The present geometry model is more realized and capable of reflecting the internal microstructure of graphite foam, which will benefit the understandings for the thermo-physical mechanisms of pore-scaled heat conduction and micro structures of graphite foam.
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Druma, C., M. K. Alam, and A. M. Druma. "Model of Multiscale Transport in Carbon Foams." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41309.

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A number of carbon foam products are being developed for use as insulation, heat spreaders, and compact heat exchanger cores. Such foams have voids that are typically of the order 100 microns, and pore walls are about 10 microns. Within the walls of the pores, the graphene planes are arranged anisotropically so that the thermal transport is highly dependent on the orientation of the bulk foam. This results in bulk conductivities that range from 1 W/mK to 200 W/mK. The bulk properties of such a porous medium are difficult to determine analytically, particularly for the case of high concentration of non-spherical pores, or when the porous material is anisotropic or non-homogeneous. A finite element analysis has been developed to calculate the bulk thermal conductivity of carbon foams containing micropores of different shapes. The effective thermal conductivity is then evaluated by comparing the results of the analytical and numerical models.
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Zhang, Xinming, Qinghua Chen, and Danling Zeng. "The Fractal Model of Heat Conduction of Graphite Foam." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15470.

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Graphite foam is a new material for effective heat conduction, which possesses exceedingly good thermal physical properties, thus the investigation on it has absorbed wide attention of scientists and engineers. By using experimental method such a material was obtained in our lab, and the factors which influence the micro-structure of the material was preliminary discussed based on our experiments. However, the main focus of the present paper is placed on the determination of the effective thermal conductivity of the material. Firstly, in accordance with the microscopic structure of the material, a simplified geometric model was constructed. Based on it a heat conduction unit cell was proposed to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the porous material. Then, a geometric transformation was carried out to transit the original simple model to the real fractal one. The effective thermal conductivity λ' and its averaged value λ'm for the bulk porous material were derived. Examples were provided to show the computational procedure and to confirm the availability of the method proposed. The influence factors on λm. in the fractal model were also discussed in detail.
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Krittacom, Bundit, and Kouichi Kamiuto. "High-Temperature Emission Characteristics of Open-Cellular Porous Plates." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32241.

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Spectral or total normal emittances of an isothermal, plane-parallel, open-cellular porous plate placed on an opaque substrate were investigated theoretically. The equation of transfer governing the radiation field was solved using Barkstrom’s finite difference method and our improved P1 approximation. The necessary radiative properties of open-cellular porous materials such as the extinction coefficient, the albedo and the asymmetry factor of a scattering phase function were evaluated using Kamiuto’s model. Emission characteristics of three kinds of open–cell foam including Alumino-Silicate, Cordierite and Ni–Cr foams were examined. Obtained theoretical results were compared with available experimental data. A comparison between numerical predictions based on Barkstrom’s method and available spectral or total normal emittance data reported in literature shows satisfactory agreements within an experimental uncertainty. Moreover, it is found that our improved P1 approximation yields good results in predicting spectral or total normal emittances of isothermal, open-cellular porous plates.
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Buonomo, Bernardo, Anna di Pasqua, Davide Ercole, Oronzio Manca, and Sergio Nardini. "Numerical Investigation on Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Behaviors of a Thermoelectric Generator in an Exhaust Automotive Line With Aluminium Foam." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11575.

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Abstract In the present work a two-dimensional steady state convective heat transfer problem in a channel aluminum foam partially filled with an external thermos-electrical generator (TEG) component is numerically solved. The channel is characterized by a length equal to 272 mm and by a height of 60mm; instead, the TEG has a length equal to 65 mm and a thickness of 8.5 mm. The metal foam is modelled assuming the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) hypothesis. The TEG is analyzed as a solid with an internal energy generation. Thermophysical properties of the exhaust gas are assumed equal to the ones of the air. The governing equations are considered with temperature independent thermophysical properties. The governing equations for gas, porous media and TEG are solved by finite volume method using the Ansys-Fluent code. The foam is characterized by a porosity of 0.92 and number of pores per inch equal to 5, 20, 40. Results are carried out for several mass flow rates of gas and different thicknesses of metal foam. Results are given in terms of temperature distributions, pressure drop, thermoelectric efficiency and power density for TEG for different exhaust gas flow rates and aluminum foam thicknesses.
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Adegbaye, Patrick, Yong Pei, Mehdi Kabir, Herve Cabrel Sandja Tchamba, Bao Yang, and Jiajun Xu. "Development of Phase-Change Materials with Improved Thermal Properties for Space-Related Applications." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94380.

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Abstract For spacecraft thermal management systems, it is crucial to diminish the overall mass of onboard thermal storage system and minimize the temperature fluctuations when the environmental temperature changes drastically. Since there is no atmosphere in outer space, heat can only be rejected to space using radiation (e.g., radiators). The heat sink conditions, and the heating power subjected to be rejected vary continuously at the orbiting stage of the spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is required to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. Possessing a large latent heat of fusion, PCMs can store an enormous amount of thermal energy within a small volume, which makes them ideal for spacecraft thermal management systems. The heating power required to be rejected as well as the heat sink conditions vary steadily at the orbiting stage of spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is needed to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. By engaging and integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) into a passive two-phase heat exchanger, the radiator can be designed and sized for the average rather than the maximum power. This study aims to develop phase-change materials (PCMs) using nanostructured graphitic foams to enhance thermal conductivity of PCMs for improved thermal response in thermal storage applications. In the present study, the correlation of additive’s mass concentration and particle size on the thermal properties of PCM mixtures are investigated experimentally and numerically. Introduction of conductivity enhancing additives into the base PCMs will negatively affect the latent heat of fusion while improving thermal conductivity. Analytical and experimental results for latent heat of fusion are shown to be in good agreement, indicating that as mass concentration of graphitic foam (i.e., C-Foam) increases, the latent heat of PCM decreases consistently. The simulation results also reveal that a small fraction of porous C-Foam additives can significantly enhance thermal conductivity of the base PCM.
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Lin, Fang-Ming, Eric Anderssen, and Raymond K. Yee. "Heat Transfer Interface to Graphitic Foam." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10691.

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Abstract Thermal interface materials (TIMs) used for bonding components are important for creating a thermally conductive path which improves heat dissipation. Low density, porous carbon foams are commonly used for thermal management applications and devices. Their high surface area to volume ratio enables cooling more effectively via different heat transfer methods. Many studies have adopted different methods to analytically or computationally analyze the effective thermal conductivity of carbon foams. Others have studied the participation of TIMs used in composite materials. However, very few studies have analyzed the microscale effects in heat transfer of the interaction between TIM and carbon foams. The amount of contact between a carbon foam and a bonded surface has hardly been reported in the literature. In this study, the carbon foam is deposited with thin layers of graphene until reaching the desired foam density; this type of foam is known as the graphitic foam. Graphene’s highly anisotropic thermal properties result in high thermal conductivity in the planar direction but low in the normal direction. With these anisotropic thermal characteristics, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of TIM thickness on thermal conductivity of the graphitic foam. It was hypothesized that the direction which heat enters the graphitic foam and the size of the cross-sectional area normal to the heat flux direction would affect the overall effective thermal conductivity. As commonly known, a gap created between ligands (foam structure) and the bonded surface would likely reduce the overall effective thermal conductivity. At the gap, heat is transferred via the TIMs or the graphitic foam through conduction, depending on if a direct contact exists between the graphitic foam and the bonded surface. The filler types used for the TIMs are hypothesized to play a critical role in the heat portion transferred via the TIMs. The heat transfer in 2-D becomes extremely complicated while anisotropic materials (graphene coating) and isotropic materials (TIMs) interact. Furthermore, the non-uniform structure of the carbon foam introduces more complexity to the heat transfer at the interface. A computational model using ANSYS finite element program was developed in this study to help the analysis. The results demonstrate that the parameters at the interface can be optimized to improve the overall effective thermal conductivity of the interface.
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Buonomo, Bernardo, Anna di Pasqua, Oronzio Manca, and Sergio Nappo. "Entropy Generation Analysis on a Thermoelectric Generator in an Exhaust Automotive Line With Porous Media." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94797.

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Abstract In the present paper, an entropy generation analysis on a 2D steady state problem in convective regime of an aluminum foam partially and totally filled channel with an external TEG element is solved in numerical way. The channel has a length of 272 mm and a height equal to 60 mm; instead, the TEG is characterized by a length equal to 65 mm and by a thickness of 8.5 mm. The numerical analyses are accomplished with the assumption of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) model in order to consider the metal foam presence. The working fluid is exhaust gas characterized by the same properties of the air in correspondence to the TEG upper surface temperature. The TEG is considered as a solid component characterized by an internal energy generation. The thermophysical properties are assumed temperature independent. Ansys-Fluent code is employed in order to resolve the governing equations for exhaust gas, metal foam and TEG. Different exhaust gas mass flow rates on the inlet section are assumed. Several thicknesses of aluminum foam values are employed. The porous media are characterized by a porosity from 0.90 to 0.978 and number of pores per inch (PPI) equal to 5, 10, 20, 40. Results are given in terms of global entropy generations related to the thermal and viscous effects.
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Hargis, P. J. "Photochemical and thermal effects in the UV laser ablation of low-density materials." In International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.fb1.

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The recent development of techniques to fabricate microcellular polystyrene1 and TPX2 foams with densities between 0.01 and 0.20 g/cm3 has led to the investigation of their use in applications as diverse as artificial skin and blood vessels, inertial-confinement fusion targets, laboratory x-ray laser media, filters, catalytic substrates, and model porous media. The successful development of many of these applications requires machined shapes with features comparable to the 1 -20-μm cell size of the foam. Results that we have obtained on the interaction of 248- and 266-nm laser radiation with these new low-density materials show that ultraviolet laser ablation is an attractive technique for obtaining the required feature sizes. The morphology and chemical composition of the ablated surface are determined by the incident lase fluence and by the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the foam. Photochemical and thermal effects were apparent in SEM, ESCA, laser Raman, and RBS measurements as well as in time-resolved optical emission spectra of the plume above the ablated surface. The results we have obtained on the ablation properties of well-characterized polystyrene and TPX foams can be directly applied to the biological materials they simulate.
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Reports on the topic "Thermal properties of porous foam"

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TRUONG, THANH-TAM. EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE FOAM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1813937.

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Rossiter, Walter J., and Paul W. Brown. An initial investigation of the properties and performance of magnesium oxychloride-based foam thermal insulation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3642.

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Radhakrishna, H. S., and J. F. Wright. A review and assessment of current technologies and techniques for measuring the thermal properties of solids and porous materials. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222526.

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, Shinhyu Kang, Loren Emerson, Zane Lloyd, Braden Boyd, and Marllon Cook. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.
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