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1
Kumar, Nitish. "Experimental Investigation on Waste Utilization of Steel Fiber and Fly Ash in Concrete with Partially Replacement of Cement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38222.
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Abstract: In India, major part of electricity is produced from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants use different types of fuels for combustion. During combustion of coal as a fuel in these thermal power plants, a byproduct namely fly ash is produced. Indian coal has highest ash content as compared to coal found in other countries. There are nearly 85 thermal power plants in India which uses coal as source for power generation and thus produces a large amount of fly ash. This fly ash is disposed in soil, which in turn causes a lot of environmental problems. To overcome this disposal of fly ash into the soil, it can be used in concrete by partially replacing with cement. This study deals with investigation for M25 Grade of newlineconcrete to study the mechanical properties of Steel fiber reinforced concrete newline(SFRC) containing fiber of an interval of 0.5% from 0.0% to 2.0% by new line weight of cement. In this study are steel fibres are used and compare properties with conventional concrete. In this study we are casting 6 cubes and 6 cylinders out of which 2 each for 7, 14, 28 days. Keywords: Steel fibres, Cement and Compressive Strength, GGBS, Fly Ash, SFRC, Cement, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength
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SHARMA, GAYATRI, S. K. MEHLA, TARUN BHATNAGAR, and ANNU BAJAJ. "POSSIBLE USE OF FLY ASH IN CERAMIC INDUSTRIES: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009975.
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The process of coal combustion results in coal ash, 80% of which is very fine in nature & is thus known as fly ash. Presently, in India, about 120 coal based thermal power plants are producing about 90-120 million tons of fly ash every year. With increase in demand of power energy, more and more thermal power plants are expected to commission in near future and it is expected that fly ash generation will be 225 million tons by 2017. Disposal of fly ash requires large quantity of land, water and energy and its fine particles, if not disposed properly, by virtue of their weightless, can become air born and adversely affect the entire Environment. These earth elements primarily consist of silica, alumina & iron etc. and its physicochemical parameters are closely resembles with volcanic ash, natural soil etc. These properties, therefore, makes it suitable for use in ceramic industries and helps in saving the environment and resources.
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Mohammed, Bashar S., Ean Lee Woen, M. A. Malek, Wong Leong Sing, Nor Aishah Abbas, Hanafi Yusop, Rahsidi Sabri Muda, Mustafa Hashim, and Usoff Yong. "Development of Sediment Brick Utilizing Reservoir Sediment and Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.276.
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Electrical companies generate electricity mainly from two major types of plant; hydroelectric plants and thermal plants. Hydroelectric is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water through dams operation. The sedimentation of such dams over years will cause large capacity losses of the dams. Thermal plants generate electricity through coal-fired power plants which produce millions tons of fly ash yearly. This fly ash accumulates rapidly and causes enormous problems of disposal. Therefore, the research work presented in this paper is dealing with utilizing reservoir sediment and fly as to form brick under pressure. Sediment brick can be produced as a load bearing brick with compressive strength is greater than 7 N/mm2.
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Patil, S. L., M. V. Baride, and M. Hussain. "Fly ash for soil nourishment: A case study for Brinjal and Groundnut." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.1205.
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The Deep Nagar Thermal Power Plant, Bhusawal in Maharashtra generates fly ash @ 2000 to 3000 MT per annum and is used for soil nourishment for two local crops namely brinjal (Solanum melongena) and ground nut (Arochis hypogoea Linn). During the course of study the fly ash obtained from power plant is characterized for its agro- properties and it is blended with black cotton soil in various proportions then further laboratory scale studies were done for growth of brinjal and groundnut plants using various blends of soil and fly ash. Growth parameters of plants including optimum proportion of fly ash for plants growth, edibility of agro-products were observed and examined for its entire life cycle. It was observed during study that fly ash proportion of around 10 to 20% by weight of black cotton soil is optimum for various crops besides this it was observed that while fly ash of higher proportion can also be used without disturbing the natural fertility environment of soil. Thus, use of fly ash for soil nourishment for above-mentioned crops is a viable method of fly ash disposal, added with the benefit of better crop yield.
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Vukićević, Mirjana, Zdenka Popović, Jovan Despotović, and Luka Lazarević. "Fly ash and slag utilization for the Serbian railway substructure." Transport 33, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1252427.
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Approximately 7 million tons of fly ash and slag are produced in thermal power plants in Serbia every year, only 3% of which is used in the cement industry. About 300 million tons of the ash-slag mixture are disposed in landfills, occupying an area of approximately 1600 hectares and generating environmental issues. Fly ash from Serbian power plants has pozzolanic properties and due to low concentration of calcium compounds (less than 10% CaO), they do not have self-cementing properties. According to the ASTM C618-15, this ash is from class F. According to the European Standard EN 197-1:2011, this ash is siliceous (type V) ash. From April 2014 to May 2015, an investigation of engineering properties of fly ash and mixtures of fly ash and slag from landfill (without or with binders of cement/lime) was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Belgrade (Serbia) and at the Institute for Testing of Materials – IMS Institute in Belgrade. The laboratory test results were showed in the study ‘Utilization of fly ash and slag produced in the TPP JP EPS thermal power plants for construction of railways’. Four kinds of waste materials from Serbian power plants were laboratory tested: (a) an ash-slag mixture from landfills at the ‘Nikola Tesla A’ thermal power plant; (b) fly ash from silos in the ‘Nikola Tesla B’ thermal power plant; (c) an ash-slag mixture from landfills at the ‘Kostolac A’ and ‘Kostolac B’ thermal power plants and ‘Srednje kostolačko ostrvo’ landfill; (d) fly ash from the ‘Kostolac’ thermal power plant. The following physical and mechanical properties of ash and mixtures were investigated: grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, moisture-density relationship, shear strength parameters in terms of effective stresses, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and deformation parameters. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the materials with and without binders, and based on the laboratory results and previous research, the paper presents possibilities of using fly ash and slag for the construction of railway substructure in the planned construction and reconstruction of railway network in Serbia. The obtained results indicate that tested fly ash and ash-slag mixture have met the technical requirements and that they have the potential to be used in railway substructure.
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Pathak, Bhawana, Krishna Rawat, and M. H. Fulekar. "Heavy Metal Accumulation by Plant Species at Fly-Ash Dumpsites: Thermal Power Plant, Gandhinagar, Gujarat." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 02 (April 30, 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i02.7.
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Naturally growing wild plant species were identified for accumulation of heavy metals at fly ash different disposal sites of Thermal Power Plant Gandhinagar. Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cr metals were selected for studying accumulation by indigenous plants. Nine major weed species growing dominantly at fly ash dumpsite were identified i.e. Prosopis juliflora, Ipomea carnea, Calotropis procana, Nerium indicum, Abutilon indicum, Tephrosia purpunea, Cassia tora, Parthenium hysterphorus, Jatropha gossypifolia. Results showed significant accumulation of fly ash heavy metals by indigenous identified plants positive pattern of accumulation differed significantly in different weed species. Roots showed higher accumulation of heavy metals as compared with shoot in most of the plants but in some shoots also showed more accumulation compared to roots. Both translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor was calculated to determine metal translocation from site to roots and from root to shoot. Current results suggest that these plants species can effectively survive in harsh environment and can be used for eco-restoration purpose and also they can be used as potential phytoremediation species.
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Kanchan, Shubham, Vinit Kumar, Krishna Yadav, Neha Gupta, and Sandeep Arya. "Effect of Fly Ash Disposal on Ground Water Quality near Parichha Thermal Power Plant, Jhansi: A Case Study." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (August 24, 2015): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.21.
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Thermal power plant generates a huge amount of fly ash on combustion of coal which is becoming a major environmental issue. Thermal power plants are greatly facing a fly ash management problem. Open dumping of fly ash can deteriorate the groundwater quality by runoff. In the present investigation, the ground water samples were collected from nearby areas of Parichha Thermal Power Plant at six locations during the period of Jan 2014 to May 2014. The samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metal content. The physico-chemical analysis was done for the parameters like pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness and Magnesium Hardness. The concentration of Turbidity, EC and Alkalinity was exceeding the standard at all locations and shows that the groundwater of the area is not fit for drinking. The ground water samples were also analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium and it was found that lead was exceeding the limit although cadmium was found within the limit.
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Singh, Nakshatra. "Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Binder: A Future Construction Material." Minerals 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8070299.
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A large amount of waste coming out from industries has posed a great challenge in its disposal and effect on the environment. Particularly fly ash, coming out from thermal power plants, which contains aluminosilicate minerals and creates a lot of environmental problems. In recent years, it has been found that geopolymer may give solutions to waste problems and environmental issues. Geopolymer is an inorganic polymer first introduced by Davidovits. Geopolymer concrete can be considered as an innovative and alternative material to traditional Portland cement concrete. Use of fly ash as a raw material minimizes the waste production of thermal power plants and protects the environment. Geopolymer concretes have high early strength and resistant to an aggressive atmosphere. Methods of preparation and characterization of fly ash-based geopolymers have been presented in this paper. The properties of geopolymer cement/mortar/concrete under different conditions have been highlighted. Fire resistance properties and 3D printing technology have also been discussed.
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Sreenivas, V. Naren, D. Karthik, V. Aravinth Kumar, V. D. Sidharth, T. Meenatchi Sundaram, Soumitro Sarkar, and Narayanan B. Sabarish. "Determination of Complex Permittivity of Fly Ash for Potential Electronic Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4292.
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Disposal of fly ash obtained from thermal power plants is a major environmental concern. Fly ash contains large proportions of silica and ferrites. Investigation of its prospects as an electronic material provides scope for enhanced fly ash utilization. This involves measurement of relative permittivity and loss tangent. Experiments are carried out at X band frequencies in TE10 mode using standard klystron waveguide setup. Shorted Waveguide Method is used to determine the complex permittivity. The complex transcendental equation obtained is solved using Genetic Algorithm. Experimental results are compared with theoretical estimates based on Landau Lifshitz Looyenga (LLL) equation.
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Vasilovskaya, Galina V., Maria L. Berseneva, Alexandra A. Yakshina, Vadim V. Servatinsky, and Igor Ya Bogdanov. "Road Concrete Containing Coal Ashes of Thermal Power Stations Located in Krasnoyarsk." Key Engineering Materials 839 (April 2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.839.160.
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The paper reports on outcomes of research into a road concrete containing coal ash powders of thermal power stations located in Krasnoyarsk. The study was focused on characteristics of a fly ash, and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk Thermal Power Station 1, as well as ash of Beryozovskaya GRES. To compare characteristics a standard limestone powder was used. Physical and mechanical characteristics, chemical and mineral composition of these powders were analyzed. Mineral powders differed in a concentration of free calcium oxide (СаОfr.). Samples of a fine-grained road concrete were composed and prepared using materials above. Physical and mechanical properties of formed road concrete samples were tested. A coefficient K was introduced to assess the relation between key characteristics of a road concrete mix and concentration of free calcium oxide, furthermore, it considers a percentage of СаОfr. in ash (m) and percentage of this ash in a road concrete (n), i.e. К= m·n. It has been established a coefficient К ranging 0 to 32 СаОfr. has no significant effect on characteristics of a road concrete mix. A fly ash and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk thermal power station 1 are recommended for the use in industry as a mineral powder in a road concrete mix. Additionally, ash taken in an ash-disposal area is to be dried and grinded, a maximal content of a fly ash in a road concrete mix is estimated to be 4% provided that a concentration of СаОfr. is less than 8%.
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R, Ramasubramani. "Mechanical and Characterization Behavior of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Using Sintered Fly Ash Aggregates and Synthetic Fibers." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1737ecst.
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This study focuses into the usage of sintered fly ash aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete. To minimize the environmental impacts would alleviate the waste disposal issues related with fly ash and contribute in the decrease of environmental pollution. Construction materials are in high need in the domestic sector, which is growing increasingly rare day by day. In India, the power sector is currently reliant on thermal power plants, which generate a massive amount of fly ash, estimated to be roughly 200 million tons each year. Fly ash is a waste product produced by thermal power stations when pulverized coal is burned. The use of industrial waste as a building material is a significant step towards long-term sustainability. The mechanical characteristics of sintered fly ash aggregates were discussed. According to the results, the specific gravity of these aggregates is 16–46% lower than that of regular weight aggregates, and they have higher water absorption. The 28-day comp strengths of sintered fly ash aggregate concretes range from 27 to 74MPa, with densities ranging from 1651 to 2017 kg/m3. According to the study, sintered fly ash aggregate concrete is also one of the materials that might be used to develop structural concrete. Sintered fly ash aggregate was used to replace natural aggregate (12%). The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete produced with natural aggregate and sintered fly ash aggregate were compared. Also, concretes were conducted to a microstructure test and a SEM analysis.
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Panda, Laxmidhar, Subhakanta Dash, Biswabandita Kar, Snigdha Panigrahi, and Itishree Mohanty. "Alkaline Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite from Class F Coal Fly Ash." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.674.
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Coal Fly ash is an industrial waste produced from coal-based thermal power plants. Of the total amount of fly ash generated, a small fraction is used as a supplement to Portland cement and rest of the fly ash is used as landfill. One of the novel ways of utilizing coal fly ash is through zeolitization, zeolites being hydrated aluminosilicates, and coal fly ash a rich source of alumina and silica. Coal fly ash obtained from the thermal power plant of NTPC Kaniha is subjected to alkaline hydrothermal treatment and the resulted zeolite is characterized for chemical analysis, crystal structure, thermal stability, FTIR studies, ion exchange capacities, etc. After zeolitization surface area of the product increases due to the formation of more pores and channels and also there is an increase in its crystallinity. When subjected to temperature its crystallinity first increases and then decreases and after a particular temperature the crystalline character almost vanishes. The resulted zeolite is found to be NaP1 zeolite with a high ion exchange capacity. High cation exchange (CEC) values ensure the adsorption of heavy metals by zeolites which can be used for the treatment of wastewater and industrial waste material. Thus zeolites can be hydrothermally synthesized from an industrial waste like coal fly ash at a much cheaper cost of production. The synthesized zeolite can be used for cation exchange, adsorption catalysis, and a host of other industrial applications.
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Hossain, Md Belal, Md Roknuzzaman, Md Asib Biswas, and Motaharul Islam. "EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT WASTE FOR SUBGRADE TREATMENT." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.3975.2021.
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Soft cohesive soils have low strength, high plasticity, and a large expansion ratio making them unsuitable as a road subgrade. This study aims to evaluate the potential of power plant waste (fly ash) from the Barapukuria Thermal Power Plant, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to improve the characteristics of such soft cohesive soil. X-ray fluorescence test conducted to classify the power plant fly ash and the type was identified as “Class F” according to “American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials” and "American Society for Testing and Materials". Laboratory tests were conducted on clay soil obtained from Dinajpur region modified by the collected power plant waste. As the Class F fly ash has low cementing property, 3% cement was added with it. Cement mixed soil was modified with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% fly ash respectively. Specific Gravity, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted. The study reveals that there is a decrease in specific gravity, dry density, and plasticity index with the addition of power plant waste. On the other hand, there is an increase in optimum moisture content, UCS, and CBR value. UCS and CBR values were found to be improved remarkably. Soaked CBR value of soil is found to be improved from 2.79% to 92.59% when treated with 5% fly ash and 3% cement. The UCS value of this modified soil was 560.36 kPa. The stabilized soil thus obtained meets the requirements for subgrade as specified by the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)’s design manual (2005), Bangladesh. Since there is a possibility of leaching by dumping a large quantity of fly ash in the pond, the use of fly ash from the power plants to improve soft cohesive soils for road subgrade may be an environment-friendly alternative to its disposal in the ponds.
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Turan, Canan, Akbar A. Javadi, Raffaele Vinai, and Ramiz Beig Zali. "Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416710.
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Fly ash is a waste material obtained from burning of coal in thermal power plants. Coal consumption is still very high and is expected to remain above 38% globally. Therefore, large volumes of fly ash are produced every year that need to be managed as waste. Improper disposal of fly ash can lead to surface water and ground water pollution and adversely affect human health and environment. The use of fly ash as an agent to stabilize soil has recently become popular in geotechnical engineering due to its many benefits such as being eco-friendly and cost-effective, and improving the geotechnical characteristics of the soil. This paper presents a review of the geotechnical properties of fly ash-stabilized fine-grained soils. Several features of fly ash, including classification, physical, geotechnical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, health concerns, disposal, availability, and cost are analyzed. The effects of fly ash in improving a wide range of mechanical properties of soils including unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, CBR value, consolidation and/or swelling characteristics, and permeability are reviewed in detail. It is shown that fly ash can be a substitute material for use in soil stabilization, leading to substantial economic and environmental benefits.
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Sun, Jun Min, and Ping Chen. "Resourcing Utilization of High Alumina Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2570.
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High-alumina fly ash in central and western regions of Inner Mongolia is a very valuable renewable mineral resource resulting from the content of Al2O3 up to 50% and some available elements, such as gallium, titanium and light rare earth. According to the resource characteristics of high-alumina fly ash and the market demand of the non-ferrous metals and chemical products in national economic development, a technique route was researched and developed, which included high-alumina fly ash as the main raw material, extraction of alumina co-generated with active calcium silicate (chemical packing) and calcium silicon slag cement clinker. It is the process characteristics that according to the development concept about circular economy, making full use of fly ash and recycling water as sewage disposal from thermal power plants, calcium carbide slag from chemical plants and other disused resources, and achieving the separation of alumina and silica and their respective resource utilization.
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Terzic, Anja, Zagorka Radojevic, Ljiljana Milicic, Ljubica Pavlovic, and Zagorka Acimovic. "Leaching of the potentially toxic pollutants from composites based on waste raw material." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 3 (2012): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111128013t.
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The disposal of the fly ash generated in coal based power-plants may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants, such as toxic metals. Also, there is a risk of leaching even when fly ash is built-in the construction composites. Fly ashes from various landfills were applied in several composite samples (mortar, concrete and brick) without any physical or thermal pre-treatment. The leachability of the potentially toxic pollutants from the fly ash based products was investigated. The leaching behavior and potential environmental impact of the 11 potentially hazardous elements was tracked: Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, As, Ba, Sb and Se. A detailed study of physico-chemical characteristics of the fly ash, with accent on trace elements and the chemical composition investigation is included. Physico/chemical properties of fly ash were investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. Scanning electron microscope was used in microstructural analysis. The results show that most of the elements are more easily leachable from the fly ash in comparison with the fly ash based composites. The leaching of investigated pollutants is within allowed range thus investigated fly ashes can be reused in construction materials production.
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Razzaq, Alaa Mohammed, Dayang Laila Majid, Uday M. Basheer, and Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori. "Research Summary on the Processing, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites as Effected by Fly Ash Reinforcement." Crystals 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101212.
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Fly ash is the main waste as a result of combustion in coal fired power plants. It represents about 40% of the wastes of coal combustion products (fly ash, boiler ash, flue gas desulphurization gypsum and bottom ash). Currently, coal waste is not fully utilized and waste disposal remains a serious concern despite tremendous global efforts in reducing fossil fuel dependency and shifting to sustainable energy sources. Owing to that, employment of fly ash as reinforcement particles in metallic matrix composites are gaining momentum as part of recycling effort and also as a means to improve the specifications of the materials that are added to it to form composite materials. Many studies have been done on fly ash to study composite materials wear characteristics including the effects of fly ash content, applied load, and sliding velocity. Here, particular attention is given to studies carried out on the influence FA content on physical, mechanical, and the thermal behavior of Aluminium-FA composites. Considerable changes in these properties are seen by fly ash refinement with limited size and weight fraction. The advantage of fly ash addition results in low density of composites materials, improvement of strength, and hardness. It further reduces the thermal expansion coefficient and improve wear resistance.
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Kisic, Dragica, Sasa Miletic, Vladimir Radonjic, Sanja Radanovic, Jelena Filipovic, and Ivan Grzetic. "Natural radioactivity of coal and fly ash at the Nikola Tesla B TPP." Chemical Industry 67, no. 5 (2013): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind121016120k.
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Serbian thermal power plants (TPPs) produce siliceous fly ash from lignite in the quantity of approximately 6 million tons per year. The potential market for the use of fly ash is operational, but for the time being, only used by cement producers. Fly ash radioactivity could be one of the major points of concern when larger use of fly ash is planned, particularly in the Serbian construction industry. Radioactivity measurements have been conducted regularly for decades. This paper presents the results of a ten-year fly ash radioactivity measurements at the Nikola Tesla B TPP located in Obrenovac. In addition, the paper compares the natural radionuclides coal content data combusted by the Nikola Tesla B TPP boilers coming from the Kolubara Basin and ash created during coal combustion. Fly ash created in the Nikola Tesla TPPs boilers is characterised by the increased concentration of the natural radionuclides content compared to coal. This is the so-called technologically enhanced natural radioactivity (Technologically Enhanced Occurring Radioactive Material - TENORM) of industrial waste, whereas the average specific activities: 232Th in coal amount to 25.2 Bq/kg, and in fly ash and coal 84.2 Bq/kg and 238U 38.3 Bq/kg, respectively. Following the obtained natural radionuclides content results it may be concluded that the Nikola Tesla B TPP ash may be disposed into the environment. Ash may be used also in the construction industry (civil engineering). In building construction applications, ash share as the additive to other building materials depends from its physical and chemical characteristics, as well as from the radionuclides activity: 266Ra, 232Th and 40K. Unlike the thermal power plants regularly (once a year) testing the specific natural radionuclides activity in the combusted coal and boiler fly ash, Electric Power Industry of Serbia has not performed large-scale investigations of the natural radionuclides content in coal within the Kolubara Mining Basin. Natural radionuclides content in fly ash is compared to the combusted coal some 3 - 4 times higher and may present a limitation for applying ash in the construction industry. In view of the above, and considering the construction industry interests in using the Nikola Tesla B TPP ash, regular investigations of the natural radionuclides content in ash created in the thermal power plants should be carried out, together with the Kolubara Mining Basin coal combusted by the Nikola Tesla B TPP and other PE EPS thermal power plants. The current Kolubara Mining Basin coal characteristics investigation programme should be supplemented by the natural radionuclides content of the uranium (238U, 226Ra) and thorium series (232Th) and potassium 40 (40K).
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Meera, Miss, B. Durga Vara Prashad, and Supratic Gupta. "Experimental Investigations on Concrete with Fly Ash and Marble Powder for Paver Blocks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.32 (August 26, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.32.18410.
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The construction industry is capable of absorbing large amounts of wastes by utilizing them in other useful products. Thermal power plants and marble industries produce huge quantities of bi-products which causes environmental problems. Utilization of these in concrete will save natural resources to some extent and solve the disposal. Interlocking concrete block pavements are simple to construct and maintain. The main objective of this research is to develop an eco-friendly paver block while considering the economy as a defining parameter. In this research, experimental investigations were carried out on the paver blocks to know the feasibility of using fly ash and marble powder. For paving block concrete, it is partly replaced with cement and aggregates with fly ash and waste marble powder. Various tests for mechanical and durability properties were conducted. All the properties were improved when compared to the control mix. Utilization of fly ash and marble powder in concrete reduces the cost of paver blocks and making it economical and eco-friendly.
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Singh, Shyoraj, Netra Pal Singh, and Rekha Rani. "Hazardous elements in aqueous leachates of coal fly ash around thermal power plants disposal area." European Chemical Bulletin 9, no. 10-12 (October 28, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2020.9.360-365.
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Sarojini, S., S. Ananthakrishnasamy, G. Manimegala, M. Prakash, and G. Gunasekaran. "Effect of Lignite Fly Ash on the Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm Eisenia fetida." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/683285.
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Fly ash is an amorphous ferroalumino silicate, an important solid waste around thermal power plants. It creates problems leading to environmental degradation due to improper utilization or disposal. However, fly ash is a useful ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and is a source of readily available plant macro and micronutrients when it is used with biosolids. Supply of nutrients from fly ash with biosolids may enhance their agricultural use. The growth and reproduction ofEisenia fetidawas studied during vermicomposting of fly ash with cowdung and pressmud in four different proportions (T1,T2,T3& T4) and one controli.e.,cow dung and pressmud alone. The growth, cocoon and hatchlings production were observed at the interval of 15 days over a period of 60 days. The maximum worm growth and reproduction was observed in bedding material alone. Next to that the T1was observed as the best mixture for vermiculture.
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MAITI, Deblina, and Bably PRASAD. "STUDIES ON COLONISATION OF FLY ASH DISPOSAL SITES USING INVASIVE SPECIES AND AROMATIC GRASSES." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1231114.
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Fly ash disposal activities by coal based thermal power plants will continue to be a serious issue across the globe due to its hiked generation every year. To obviate the hazardous effects of fly ash disposal sites on the surrounding ecosystems, rapid stabilization of the dumps is essential. This paper conglomerates the past activities, challenges; present scenario of vegetation establishment on these sites as well as future research requirements based on various experimental case studies. An insight has been presented on the usefulness of native, tuft, aromatic grasses which can reduce the length of successive phases in reclamation programmes and also enhance the fertility of the substrate as found from the significantly increased nitrogen content in the present field sites. Metal bioaccumulation studies depicted that by virtue of high biomass production potential of Saccharum spontaneum it can also be used as a phytoextractor of toxic metals, thus helping in phytoremediation of the metals in fly ash. Field studies allude the fact that knowledge of phytodiversity of old fly ash deposits is essential for a right choice of species before every reclamation programme. Secondly, application of amendments is conjointly a prerequisite for establishment of plants on fly ash. In a pot scale study it was found that lower rate of amendment application (2–5% farmyard manure and 5–10% topsoil on weight basis) in fly ash improves the growth and biomass of Cymbopogon citratus. Extensive root system of the grass was substantiated by high root: shoot biomass which stabilized the surface of the ash. To investigate the possibilities of ground water contamination due to amendments leaching studies were carried out. An initial high concentration of some ions marginally near permissible limit as per Indian drinking water standards was observed but their concentrations were below acceptable limit during harvestable stages. Above studies can contribute significantly in field studies through a properly planned restoration programme.
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Chatterjee, S., A. Rai, and S. Hazra. "Environmental Stress and Health Vulnerability Assessment around Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant, West Bengal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1164, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1164/1/012012.
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Abstract One of the 17 types of severely polluting sectors in the nation is thermal power plants which exert pressure upon the environment and health aspects in several ways e.g. creating thermal, air, and water pollution, exacerbating physiological acute and chronic responses, and affecting the subjective wellbeing of an individual residing proximal to the source. Situated on the right bank of the Rupnarayan river, Kolaghat thermal power plant is one of the major power generating plants of West Bengal, which is also producing 7500-8000 metric tons of fly ash every day but having only 325 acres of land for its disposal. Hence the plant has been exerting pressure upon the surrounding environment since its establishment and growth between 1980-1985. This study is to evaluate the overall impact of thermal power plants on the local environment and public health using a composite index that incorporates environmental and health dimensions i.e. Air quality index, drinking water quality index, land surface temperature, social parameters, Non–communicable disease rate, etc. The study reveals the local-level impact of air pollution and the impact of fly ash emissions. Nandakumar, Tamluk, and Kolaghat have been identified as blocks under stress. The workers of the plant have reported undesirable thermal and ambient air quality conditions within the battery limit, with the prevalence of skin problems, allergies, and fatigue among them. Site-specific plantation and phytoremediation techniques with the use of riparian buffers have been recommended.
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Lopes, L. S. E., P. Vargas, M. D. T. Casagrande, and L. M. G. Motta. "Availability of Resilient Modulus and Permanent Deformation Laboratory Tests of Stabilized Soil with Coal Ashes for Pavements Base." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.570.
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Fly and Bottom ash a coal combustion residue of thermal power plants has been regarded as a problematic residue all over the world. This study presents the results of testing for resilient modulus and permanent deformation to evaluate the mechanical properties of a soil stabilized with fly or bottom ashes, with and without lime addition. The soil tested is a regional sandy soil, which is not suitable for use in pavement works. The addition of fly ash with lime improved their mechanical properties, these being dependent on the ash content, moisture and number of load cycles. However in the mixtures only with ashes, the improvement was lower than the mixtures with ashes and lime. It was performed a paving project to assess their competitiveness as a base material for pavements. The results of this project showed that the soil stabilized with ashes is competitive for low volume traffic roads, with the advantages of minimizing the environmental problems caused by coal ash disposal.
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Nazirov, Rashit A., Petr Yu Vede, Igor V. Tarsov, Andrey V. Zhuikov, Elena M. Sergunicheva, and Olga R. Tolochko. "DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN ASHES, COLLECTED BY THERMAL POWER PLANTS ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, no. 7 (July 28, 2023): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/7/4007.
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Link for citation: Nazirov R.A., Vede P.Yu., Tarasov I.V., Zhuikov A.V., Sergunicheva E.M., Tolochko O.R. Distribution of natural radionuclides in ashes, collected by thermal power plants electrostatic precipitator. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 177-186. In Rus. Relevance. In the context of the global trend towards sustainable development, there is a problem of utilization of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants. The use of these wastes in the construction industry is of particular importance, due to the resource intensity of the production of building materials. Fly ash in the building materials composition can influence to a large extent the natural radioactivity of structures and increase the background radiation in the buildings. This is due to the fact that when coal combusting, fly ash is enriched with natural radionuclides. Purpose: to study the radioactivity of fly ash deposited on various fields of the electrostatic precipitator. Object: fly ash deposited on the fields of electrostatic precipitators from the combustion of Kansk-Achinsk brown coal in power boilers BKZ-420-140 PT-2. Methods. Content of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 was determined by gamma-spectrometric method, the value of the normalized indicator of specific effective activity for fly ash was calculated. The granulometric composition of the studied samples was determined by the method of laser diffraction analysis. Cluster analysis was used for statistical processing of test results. Results. The presence of two clusters in the content of natural radionuclides was established. In the first cluster, which has high radioactivity, the first and second fields of UGZ-4 electrostatic precipitators are combined, and in the second – the third and fourth fields. A correlation dependence was established between the numbers of fields of electrostatic precipitators, the size of ash particles, the content of Ra-226 and specific effective activity was established. No such dependence was found for Th-232. Conclusions. Particle distribution in the fields of electrostatic precipitators is multimodal. The nature of the distribution of each mode approaches the lognormal law. The content of radium and the value of the specific effective activity depend on the size of ash particles and are described by an exponential function. The highest content of Ra-226 is observed in the ashes deposited on the third and fourth fields of electrostatic precipitators, which indicates the enrichment of finer ash particles with this radionuclide. The conclusions obtained correspond to the well-known thesis about the increased radioactivity of ash particles that are not deposited by ash collection systems and enter the atmosphere together with flue gases. The proposed method for studying the distribution of natural radionuclides over the fields of electrostatic precipitators can be used to predict the radioactivity of particles that are not captured by the flue gas cleaning system and released into the environment.
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SUSHIL, S., and V. BATRA. "Analysis of fly ash heavy metal content and disposal in three thermal power plants in India." Fuel 85, no. 17-18 (December 2006): 2676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.04.031.
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Singh, R. K., N. C. Gupta, and B. K. Guha. "The Leaching Characteristics of Trace Elements in Coal Fly Ash and an Ash Disposal System of Thermal Power Plants." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 34, no. 7 (February 13, 2012): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.621928.
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SADASIVAN, S., and B. NEGI. "Chemical characterisation of fly ash from coal-fired thermal power plants in India." Science of The Total Environment 103, no. 2-3 (April 15, 1991): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90141-z.
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Temuujin, Jadambaa, Damdinsuren Munkhtuvshin, and Claus H. Ruescher. "The Latest Research in Mongolia on the Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products." Solid State Phenomena 323 (August 30, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.323.8.
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With a geological reserve of over 170 billion tons, coal is the most abundant energy source in Mongolia with six operating thermal power stations. Moreover, in Ulaanbaatar city over 210000 families live in the Ger district and use over 800000 tons of coal as a fuel. The three thermal power plants in Ulaanbaatar burn about 5 million tons of coal, resulting in more than 500000 tons of coal combustion by-products per year. Globally, the ashes produced by thermal power plants, boilers, and single ovens pose serious environmental problems. The utilization of various types of waste is one of the factors determining the sustainability of cities. Therefore, the processing of wastes for re-use or disposal is a critical topic in waste management and materials research. According to research, the Mongolian capital city's air and soil quality has reached a disastrous level. The main reasons for air pollution in Ulaanbaatar are reported as being coal-fired stoves of the Ger residential district, thermal power stations, small and medium-sized low-pressure furnaces, and motor vehicles. Previously, coal ashes have been used to prepare advanced materials such as glass-ceramics with the hardness of 6.35 GPa, geopolymer concrete with compressive strength of over 30 MPa and zeolite A with a Cr (III) removal capacity of 35.8 mg/g. Here we discuss our latest results on the utilization of fly ash for preparation of a cement stabilized base layer for paved roads, mechanically activated fly ash for use in concrete production, and coal ash from the Ger district for preparation of an adsorbent. An addition of 20% fly ash to 5-8% cement made from a mixture of road base gave a compressive strength of ~ 4MPa, which exceeds the standard. Using coal ashes from Ger district prepared a new type of adsorbent material capable of removing various organic pollutants from tannery water was developed. This ash also showed weak leaching characteristics in water and acidic environment, which opens up an excellent opportunity to utilize.
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Baghel, Yatish Kumar, and Vivek Kumar Patel. "CFD Modeling for the Influence of Fly Ash Particle Size on the Different Properties of High Concentrated Slurry Transportation in Horizontal Pipe." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6431.
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The disposal of fly ash from thermal power plants is becoming a serious concern for environmental engineers. This article attempts to study the influence of particle size of the fly ash on the various properties of high concentrated slurry (50 - 70 % by weight) flow through a horizontal pipe with the help of a commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. Modified Herschel-Bulkley model and SST k-ω turbulence model is used for computational analysis, and the computational outcomes are validated with the available literature. In the present study, the fly ash samples were procured from different coal-based thermal power plants. Various properties: physical and rheological are obtained experimentally. The specific gravity of particles and the static settling concentration (SSC) of the slurry increases with the decrease in the particle size. The rheological properties increase as the concentration increases, and the slurry behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid at a high concentration. In addition, the particle size and concentration intensively impact on the skin friction coefficient and velocity distribution. However, no significant impact on the velocity profile at 70 % concentration (by weight).
HIGHLIGHTS
The rheological properties increase as the concentration increases, and the slurry behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid at a high concentration
CFD modelling of the slurry flow at high concentration with modified Herschel-Bulkley model and SST k-ω turbulence model
The particle size and concentration intensively impact on the skin friction coefficient
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Dixit, Abhishek, Manish Nigam, and Rahul Mishra. "EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 3, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v3.i5.2016.62.
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This paper investigates the effect of fly ash (generated from thermal power plant, Panki, Kanpur) on geotechnical properties of local soil, Bhauti Kanpur (U.P), INDIA. The fly ash used in the experimental work was of Class ‘F’ and soil was clayey in nature .Fly ash collected from the hopper attached to an electrostatic precipitator when coal was changed at a coal fired power plant. Concerning the major challenges regarding the safe reuse, management and disposal of these wastes an attempt has been made to mix fly ash at 5,10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% on the basis of dry weight with local clay soil. To understand the behavior of fly ash with soil, numbers of laboratory experiments were performed on the local soil (clay) and contaminated soil with varying percentage of fly ash. As the result, it is shown that all the investigated properties were decreased except CBR value and optimum moisture content.
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Arif Kamal, Mohammad. "Recycling of Fly Ash as an Energy Efficient Building Material: A Sustainable Approach." Key Engineering Materials 692 (May 2016): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.692.54.
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Fly Ash, known for its proven stability for variety of applications as admixture in cement, concrete, mortar, lime pozzolan mixture (bricks. blocks) etc, is an industrial by-product from Thermal Power Plants with current annual generation of approximately 108 million tones. Fly Ash is not just environment friendly, but is known for its cost effectiveness as well. Its use as a building material helps increase buildings strength and stability. Fly Ash is believed to be a very promising alternative for the industry seeking to meet its development objectives. Fly Ash is being very effectively and economically used in building components such as bricks, doors, door-frames, etc. Fly Ash is also being used in construction of roads and embankments with some design changes. It is also used as raw material in agricultural and wasteland development programmes. The trend is clear, Fly Ash will soon be considered as a resource material and its potential will be fully exploited. Through development & application of technologies, Fly Ash has shifted from “Waste Material” category to “Resource Material” category. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of disposal and utilization of Fly Ash and its beneficial potential in application of civil engineering construction as well as others. The focus of this paper is to explore the properties of fly ash as building materials and also aims at the properties of geopolymer concrete, how these distinguish from general characteristics of ordinary Portland cement. It also lay emphasize on durability, properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete and its advantage when used as a construction material as well.
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Yu, Jing, Dhanada K. Mishra, Chang Wu, and Christopher KY Leung. "Very high volume fly ash green concrete for applications in India." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 6 (April 25, 2018): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18770241.
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Safe disposal of fly ash generated by coal-based thermal power plants continues to pose significant challenges around the world and in India in particular. Green structural concrete with 80% cement replaced by local Chinese fly ash has been recently developed to achieve a target characteristic compressive strength of 45 MPa. Such green concrete mixes are not only cheaper in cost, but also embody lower energy and carbon footprint, compared with conventional mixes. This study aims to adopt such materials using no less than 80% fly ash as binder in routine concrete works in countries like India with the commonly used lower target characteristic compressive strength of 30 MPa. It is achieved by the simple and practical method of adjusting the water/binder ratio and/or superplasticiser dosage. The proposed green concrete shows encouraging mechanical properties at 7 days and 28 days, as well as much lower material cost and environmental impact compared with commercial Grade 30 concrete. This technology can play an important role in meeting the huge infrastructure demands in India in a sustainable manner.
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David, E., C. Şandru, and A. Armeanu. "Zeolitization characteristics of fly ash and its use to manufacture porous materials." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 90 (April 1, 2018): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0663.
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Purpose: At thermal power plants the fly ash (FA) is stored either through dry or wet disposal systems. These storage practices result in different features for fly ashes, such as their interaction with alkalis and hence the potential of zeolite synthesis will be different. With the aim to demonstrate this, it was conducted some investigations to study the physical, chemical, morphological and mineralogical characteristics of the fly ash residues, then were used to synthesis zeolites by a double stage fusion-hydrothermal method. Design/methodology/approach: The raw and converted fly ash samples were characterized with respect to their composition, crystallinity and morphology, by SEM and XRD analysis. The effects of environment conditions and process parameters on the zeolitization process were studied and analysed. Findings: The analysis of these residues showed that dry ash attains a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and SiO2 /Al2O3 ratios, which is in agreement to the formation of fly ash zeolites as compared to its counterpart. The experimental results indicate that the fusion temperature does not influence on the synthesis mechanism in range of 500-800 (°C) having only an effect of acceleration. The increasing of alkaline activator/fly ash ratio enhances the zeolitization degree. Research limitations/implications: The scientific basis for the issues on the zeolitization characteristics of fly ash and its use to manufacture porous materials calls yet for further elucidation and development. Practical implications: This study helps to establish the superiority of dry ash over wet ash for synthesizing porous materials and their enhanced quantity and quality. Originality/value: A new route for the fly ash use is demonstrated and this can become an unavoidable task for porous material manufacturing, a viable way to manage this industrial waste and to protect the environment.
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Turan, Canan, Akbar A. Javadi, and Raffaele Vinai. "Effects of Class C and Class F Fly Ash on Mechanical and Microstructural Behavior of Clay Soil—A Comparative Study." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051845.
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A large amount of coal fly ash produced in thermal power plants is disposed of in landfills which causes many environmental problems. The utilization of fly ash can be encouraged in geotechnical engineering projects. In this paper, the effects of class C and class F fly ash on the mechanical and microstructural behavior and stabilization of clay soil were evaluated through a program of laboratory experiments. The experiments included compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consolidated-undrained triaxial, one-dimensional consolidation tests, and scanning electron microscopy analysis on samples of fly ash-stabilized clay soil after 1, 7, and 28 days of curing. The tests were conducted on mixtures of clay with class C or class F fly ash, ranging from 0% to 30% of the soil. Experimental results showed that the strength parameters and permeability of the stabilized soil improved while the compression and swelling indices decreased by the addition of fly ash and by the increase of curing days. The results obtained from the mechanical tests agreed with the results from the SEM analysis. Based on the results, the soil could be successfully stabilized by using class C fly ash. The improvements in strength, swelling, and permeability parameters of the stabilized soil were higher with the class C fly ash compared with class F fly ash.
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Malik, Prateek, and Sudipta K. Mishra. "Geosynthetics Stabilizers and Fly Ash for Soil Subgrade Improvement – A State of the Art Review." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.c8393.0110321.
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Soft soil having a low bearing capacity is found in many parts of the world and construction on soft soil is a challenge. To overcome the situation, the soil needs to be stabilized with some external material like geosynthetic, fly ash and rice husk. Geosynthetics materials are tremendous materials used to solve many civil engineering problems. Fly ash is a byproduct produced by burning of coal and is available in various thermal power plant as a waste material. Disposal of fly ash is also a problem but in one area where it can be used is soil stabilization. A comprehensive review of published literature on the use of geosynthetic and fly ash to stabilize and enhance the strength of soil was carried out. The effect of using geosynthetic material and fly ash was investigated on the properties of soil like Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength and compaction behavior of the soft soil.
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Zivotic, Miodrag, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, Aleksandar Jovovic, and Vladica Cudic. "Potential usage of fly and bottom ash from thermal power plant ”Nikola Tesla” landfill, Serbia." Chemical Industry 66, no. 3 (2012): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110905095z.
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In Serbia, the ash from power plants has long been labelled as hazardous waste. With the adoption of the appropriate legislation this ash became secondary raw material with the potential usage. In this paper an analysis of the fly and bottom ash composition, which are disposed of in the power plant ?Nikola Tesla A? landfill, is presented. Thirty samples, divided into three sets, were analyzed for trace elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The first and second set of samples were taken at the depth of 0.0-0.6 m, from cassette III, at the place of waste discharge (set I) and in the centre of the cassette (set II).The third set of samples was taken from the same cassette spot but at the different depth. The estimated variations in quality within individual sets, as well as the comparison between sets I and II, were done. The repeatability of results by the depth of cassette (set III) was also analyzed. The mixture consisting of 79.4% limestone, 17% clay, 0.5% sand, 0.55% iron ore, 0.55% from steel mill waste and 2% ash from the thermal power plant "Nikola Tesla A" was adopted as the reputable mixture for cement making. For concrete making, the same cement mixture was used but with 2.1% of the same ash material added. The results showed possibility of further fly and bottom ash use as the cement and concrete material.
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Čudić, Vladica, Dragica Kisić, Dragoslava Stojiljković, and Aleksandar Jovović. "Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw Material." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10004-007-0014-6.
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Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw MaterialThe basic characteristic of thermal power plants in the Republic of Serbia is that they use low-grade brown coal (lignite) as a fuel. Depending on the location of coal mines, lignite may have different properties such as heating value, moisture, and mineral content, resulting in different residue upon combustion. Because of several million tonnes of ash and slag generated every year, their granularmetric particle size distribution, and transport and disposal methods, these plants have a negative impact on the environment. According to the waste classification system in the Republic of Serbia, ash and slag from thermal power plants are classified as hazardous waste, but with an option of usability. The proposed revision of waste legislation in Serbia brings a number of simple and modern solutions. A procedure is introduced which allows for end-of-waste criteria to be set, clarifying the point where waste ceases to be waste, and thereby introducing regulatory relief for recycled products or materials that represent low risk for the environment. The new proposal refocuses waste legislation on the environmental impacts of the generation and management of waste, taking into account the life cycle of resources, and develops new waste prevention programmes. Stakeholders, as well as the general public, should have the opportunity to participate in the drawing up of the programmes, and should have access to them.
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Shcheglov, Yury V., Natalia V. Fedorova, and Dmitry A. Shaforost. "The Abrasive Properties of Coal Power Plants Ash and Slag Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.845.
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Ash and slag materials (ASM), formed during the combustion of coal in thermal power plants, have abrasive properties, which are manifested during the operation of boiler units, ash collection, ash and slag removal. These properties must be considered to ensure durable trouble-free operation of thermal power plants. On the other hand, these properties can be used when planning measures for ash and slag material disposal. The results of experimental-industrial tests of ash and slag materials abrasive properties are presented in this paper. It was shown that, when cleaning metal surfaces of various shapes from old paint coatings, the consumption of crushed coal slag per 1 m2 of the surface being treated is on average 4.8 times less than the consumption of sand, the time of surface treatment with slag is on average 2.45 times less than with the use of sand in similar conditions. The empirical formulas to evaluate the technical and economic efficiency of using ash and slag materials as an abrasive in industrial applications are given.
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Krishna Bhavani Siram, K., and Dhanya Sathyan. "Geopolymer Aggregate Concrete: A review from fundamentals to developments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012017.
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Abstract Aggregates hold almost three-fourths volume of concrete. The tremendous increase in the growth rate of constructions has further accelerated the demand of aggregates. The utilization of aggregates to satisfy the demand has led to the inadequacy of aggregates. A unique method of developing non-conventional aggregates as a substitute of conventional coarse aggregates can be the justification of the issue. Meanwhile, considerable amount of fly ash produced from thermal power plants is disposed in landfills and ponds, creating hazard to the nature. Researchers have focused in utilizing fly ash to produce aggregates through the process of pelletization. Geopolymerization parameters such as Na2O content, slope and speed of disc pelletizer influence the properties of fly ash based pelletized aggregates. The compressive strength of geopolymer aggregate concrete depicted a higher value than concrete with conventional aggregates. The objective of this paper is to present the factors affecting the production of geopolymer aggregate concrete and the properties of these novel aggregate concrete.
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Patel, C. B., and G. S. Pandey. "Alkalinization of soil through thermal power plant fly ash fallout." Science of The Total Environment 57 (December 1986): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90010-0.
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Bawaskar, Dhananjay B. "Stabilization of B.C. Soil by Using Chemicals and Fly Ash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37423.
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Black cotton soils are very susceptible to detrimental volumetric changes with changes in moisture. This behaviour of soil is attributed to the presence of mineral montmorillonite which has an expanding lattice. Black cotton soils because of their specific physical and chemical make are subjected to volume changes. In many countries including India, these soils are so extensive that alteration of highway routes to avoid the material is virtually impossible. Various remedial measures like soil replacement, prewetting, moisture control, lime stabilization etc. have been practiced with varied degrees of success. Extensive research is going on to find the solutions to Black cotton soils. Recent investigations on chemical stabilisation revealed that electrolytes like Calcium Sulphate, Calcium Carbonate, Zinc Chloride can be used in place of conventionally used lime, due to their ability to supply adequate cations. Fly ash is a waste by product from thermal power plants consuming thousands hectors of precious land for its disposal and also causing severe health and environmental hazards. This work presents the results of an experimental program undertaken to investigate the effect of Calcium Sulphate, Calcium Carbonate, Zinc Chloride and fly ash at different percentages on properties of black cotton soil. Atterbergs Limit of subgrade soil effect of addition of Fly Ash and Chemicals on CBR ,MDD ,OMC, From the results it is observed that 2% of Zinc Chloride and 12% of Fly ash improves the properties of black cotton soil as compared to Calcium sulphate & Calcium Carbonate. The conclusion drawn from this investigation is that a combination of 2% of chemicals and 12% of fly ash is more effective in improving the properties of black cotton soil.
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Yoriya, Sorachon, and Phattarathicha Tepsri. "Investigation of Metal and Trace Elements of Cenospheres from Lignite High-Calcium Fly Ash (Thailand)." Water 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202935.
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High-calcium fly ashes contain a large content of small particles including cenospheres of chemical constituents known to be similar to fly ash and the parent coal. Coal fly ash contains metal and trace elements that may leach out during disposal or utilization. This work aimed to understand an overview of cenosphere characteristics relating to fly ash and leaching study. To our knowledge, this is the first report on metal and trace element leaching of cenospheres separated from high-calcium (28.9 wt.%) class C fly ash produced from the Mae Moh coal-fired thermal power plant in Thailand. In this study, the cenospheres were separated from fly ash by a wet separation process (sink-float method) using water as medium. Physical properties, morphology, chemical composition, the mineral phases of cenospheres and fly ash have been characterized. Extraction was carried out by acid digestion; the selected metal and trace elements in this study are Mg, Al, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu; the obtained environmentally available concentrations of cenospheres were analyzed in comparison to those of fly ash. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd elements of interest in the leachates obtained from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) showed the tendency to decrease in that order. All the elements were found below the permissible limit values regarding Thailand soil quality standards. Association of the heavy metal trace elements in cenospheres and fly ash was discussed in in terms of physico-chemical-geochemistry correlating with the leaching concentrations.
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Svietkina, Olena, Kostiantyn Bas, Sergiy Boruk, Roman Klishchenko, Oleksandr Yehurnov, Jamil Haddad, and Olha Khodos. "Composite Сarbonaceous Сoal-Water Suspensions." Materials Science Forum 1045 (September 6, 2021): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1045.212.
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In Ukraine, up to 75% of all electricity is supplied by thermal power plants, the main type of fuel for which is coal, which leads to the release of ash and slag waste at power plants in huge quantities. Every 10 years (according to statistical data) the amount of ash and slag produced at thermal power plants doubles. The use and creation of new modified consumers of coal-water fuel (CWF) and coal-water suspensions (CWS) occurs periodically. The ease of handling suspensions is captivating: in the energy sector, they can serve as the basis for the effective disposal of numerous accumulated wastes from coal preparation and oil refining, a significant reduction in the consumption of minerals for generating heat and electric energy, and minimizing the effect of heat power engineering on public health and the state of nature.
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Maltseva, Inna, Svetlana Kurilova, and Alexey Naumov. "Utilization of Waste from Thermal Power Plants in High Performance Materials’ Production." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.109.
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One of the effective ways to solve the environmental problems of the region at present is the waste disposal from Novocherkasskaya TPP, one of the largest sources of environmental pollution. The solution to this problem is associated with the integrated use of ash and slag mixtures components in the effective building materials’ production. On the TPP waste basis, the authors obtained structural and heat-insulating concrete with enhanced physical, mechanical and operational characteristics.
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DEREVIANKO, V. М., V. І. MOSPAN, V. V. KOLOKHOV, О. V. DZIUBAN, and S. V. MALTSEV. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH ON THE USE OF TES ASH IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.220222.38.831.
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Formulation of the problem. The basis of modern energy − various types of power plants, of which thermal power plants is about 40 %. The technology of electricity production at thermal power plants is harmful due to the generation of large amounts of waste. They account for more than 30 % of emissions of harmful substances from the total emissions of industrial enterprises. Increased demand for electricity causes an increase in their production, which leads to an increase in the amount of ash and slag waste and emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The purpose of the article . In Ukraine, 160 thousand hectares out of 60 million hectares of total area are dumps of industrial waste, or as they are called by-products. About 8 million tons of ash and slag waste are generated in Ukraine every year, and their storage is accompanied by a number of extremely negative consequences for the environment and human health. With ash and slag dumps containing toxic elements polluting the ground water and underwater, require exclusion of large areas. The volume of already accumulated waste reaches more than 300 million tons and occupies huge areas of land. At the same time, almost all ash and slag dumps of Ukrainian coal-fired and thermal power plants are almost full, so more and more areas are needed to continue the work. Analysis of recent research and publications. According to European researchers, this type of waste disposal costs about 60 euros/ton. The average thermal power plant spends about 12…36 million euros a year just for the maintenance of ash dumps.
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Ganesh, Bharathi, H. Sharada Bai, Ramaswamy Nagendra, and Shivaram Bagade. "Pond Ash: An Alternative Material as Fine Aggregate in Concrete for Sustainable Construction." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1071.
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Consequent upon increased generation of electricity through thermal route involving combustion of pulverized coal/ignite, concurrent generation of fly ash/pond ash in bulk quantities is a matter of serious concern not only because of issues associated with its disposal and utilization, but also because of its threat to public health and ecology. Though a lot of research has been carried out for the effective utilization of flyash like its use in construction industry etc, little literature is available on pond ash utilization particularly its use as a constituent material for concrete in construction industry. Hence pond ash - a waste material, if supplements shortage of fine aggregate (river sand) in mortar and concrete, reduces the demand for disposal of thermal power plant waste, reduces its environmental impact with proper utilization of huge quantity of waste in construction industry. Researches are being carried out worldwide which shows the suitability of Pond Ash as FA. This paper summerises various characteristics of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in concrete with its engineering properties such as its shape, gradation, texture, physical, chemical and also morphological aspects when used in concrete
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Grsic, Zoran, Predrag Milutinovic, Borivoj Rajkovic, Dragan Dramlic, Zoran Velikic, and Stefan Dramlic. "Ash dust concentration in the vicinity of ash disposal site, depending on the size of pond (“Water mirror”)." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16, no. 3 (2010): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq091026027g.
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Thermal power plants Nikola Tesla ?A? and ?B? are large sources of ash from their ashes/slag deposit sites. Total sizes of ashes/slag depots are 600ha and 382ha, with active cassettes having dimensions ~200ha and ~130ha. Active cassettes of the disposal sites are covered by rather large waste ponds, which sizes varies depending on working condition of sluice system and on meteorological conditions. Modeling of ash lifting was attempted using results from dust lifting research. Relation between sizes of ponds and air dust concentration in the vicinity of ash disposal sites was analyzed. As expected, greater sizes of dried disposal site surfaces in combination with stronger winds give greater dust emission and greater air dust concentration.
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Rajakumar, C., and P. Kodanda Rama Rao. "Compaction Characteristics of Swelling Soil Stabilized with Bottom Ash and Geogrid." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 6 (2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120620.
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This paper brings out the results of experimental work carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effectiveness of using bottom ash with geogrid for soil stabilization by studying the compaction and strength characteristics for use as a sub-grade material. Bottom ash is a waste material which is obtained from thermal power plants. This waste imposes hazardous effect on environment and human health. This material cannot be disposed of properly and their disposal is not economical. Utilization by exploiting their inherent properties is the one of the way to solve the above stated problem. The effect of mixing different proportions of bottom ash with geogrid in clayey soil on compaction, UCS and California bearing ratio have been studied in this study.
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Gaikwad, P., Deepak Khare, and G. Mishra. "Leaching Studies and Metal Analysis of Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plant of India." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2009.115.
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