Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal"

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Kumar, Nitish. "Experimental Investigation on Waste Utilization of Steel Fiber and Fly Ash in Concrete with Partially Replacement of Cement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38222.

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Abstract: In India, major part of electricity is produced from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants use different types of fuels for combustion. During combustion of coal as a fuel in these thermal power plants, a byproduct namely fly ash is produced. Indian coal has highest ash content as compared to coal found in other countries. There are nearly 85 thermal power plants in India which uses coal as source for power generation and thus produces a large amount of fly ash. This fly ash is disposed in soil, which in turn causes a lot of environmental problems. To overcome this disposal of fly ash into the soil, it can be used in concrete by partially replacing with cement. This study deals with investigation for M25 Grade of newlineconcrete to study the mechanical properties of Steel fiber reinforced concrete newline(SFRC) containing fiber of an interval of 0.5% from 0.0% to 2.0% by new line weight of cement. In this study are steel fibres are used and compare properties with conventional concrete. In this study we are casting 6 cubes and 6 cylinders out of which 2 each for 7, 14, 28 days. Keywords: Steel fibres, Cement and Compressive Strength, GGBS, Fly Ash, SFRC, Cement, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength
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SHARMA, GAYATRI, S. K. MEHLA, TARUN BHATNAGAR, and ANNU BAJAJ. "POSSIBLE USE OF FLY ASH IN CERAMIC INDUSTRIES: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009975.

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The process of coal combustion results in coal ash, 80% of which is very fine in nature & is thus known as fly ash. Presently, in India, about 120 coal based thermal power plants are producing about 90-120 million tons of fly ash every year. With increase in demand of power energy, more and more thermal power plants are expected to commission in near future and it is expected that fly ash generation will be 225 million tons by 2017. Disposal of fly ash requires large quantity of land, water and energy and its fine particles, if not disposed properly, by virtue of their weightless, can become air born and adversely affect the entire Environment. These earth elements primarily consist of silica, alumina & iron etc. and its physicochemical parameters are closely resembles with volcanic ash, natural soil etc. These properties, therefore, makes it suitable for use in ceramic industries and helps in saving the environment and resources.
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Mohammed, Bashar S., Ean Lee Woen, M. A. Malek, Wong Leong Sing, Nor Aishah Abbas, Hanafi Yusop, Rahsidi Sabri Muda, Mustafa Hashim, and Usoff Yong. "Development of Sediment Brick Utilizing Reservoir Sediment and Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.276.

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Electrical companies generate electricity mainly from two major types of plant; hydroelectric plants and thermal plants. Hydroelectric is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water through dams operation. The sedimentation of such dams over years will cause large capacity losses of the dams. Thermal plants generate electricity through coal-fired power plants which produce millions tons of fly ash yearly. This fly ash accumulates rapidly and causes enormous problems of disposal. Therefore, the research work presented in this paper is dealing with utilizing reservoir sediment and fly as to form brick under pressure. Sediment brick can be produced as a load bearing brick with compressive strength is greater than 7 N/mm2.
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Patil, S. L., M. V. Baride, and M. Hussain. "Fly ash for soil nourishment: A case study for Brinjal and Groundnut." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.1205.

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The Deep Nagar Thermal Power Plant, Bhusawal in Maharashtra generates fly ash @ 2000 to 3000 MT per annum and is used for soil nourishment for two local crops namely brinjal (Solanum melongena) and ground nut (Arochis hypogoea Linn). During the course of study the fly ash obtained from power plant is characterized for its agro- properties and it is blended with black cotton soil in various proportions then further laboratory scale studies were done for growth of brinjal and groundnut plants using various blends of soil and fly ash. Growth parameters of plants including optimum proportion of fly ash for plants growth, edibility of agro-products were observed and examined for its entire life cycle. It was observed during study that fly ash proportion of around 10 to 20% by weight of black cotton soil is optimum for various crops besides this it was observed that while fly ash of higher proportion can also be used without disturbing the natural fertility environment of soil. Thus, use of fly ash for soil nourishment for above-mentioned crops is a viable method of fly ash disposal, added with the benefit of better crop yield.
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Vukićević, Mirjana, Zdenka Popović, Jovan Despotović, and Luka Lazarević. "Fly ash and slag utilization for the Serbian railway substructure." Transport 33, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1252427.

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Approximately 7 million tons of fly ash and slag are produced in thermal power plants in Serbia every year, only 3% of which is used in the cement industry. About 300 million tons of the ash-slag mixture are disposed in landfills, occupying an area of approximately 1600 hectares and generating environmental issues. Fly ash from Serbian power plants has pozzolanic properties and due to low concentration of calcium compounds (less than 10% CaO), they do not have self-cementing properties. According to the ASTM C618-15, this ash is from class F. According to the European Standard EN 197-1:2011, this ash is siliceous (type V) ash. From April 2014 to May 2015, an investigation of engineering properties of fly ash and mixtures of fly ash and slag from landfill (without or with binders of cement/lime) was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Belgrade (Serbia) and at the Institute for Testing of Materials – IMS Institute in Belgrade. The laboratory test results were showed in the study ‘Utilization of fly ash and slag produced in the TPP JP EPS thermal power plants for construction of railways’. Four kinds of waste materials from Serbian power plants were laboratory tested: (a) an ash-slag mixture from landfills at the ‘Nikola Tesla A’ thermal power plant; (b) fly ash from silos in the ‘Nikola Tesla B’ thermal power plant; (c) an ash-slag mixture from landfills at the ‘Kostolac A’ and ‘Kostolac B’ thermal power plants and ‘Srednje kostolačko ostrvo’ landfill; (d) fly ash from the ‘Kostolac’ thermal power plant. The following physical and mechanical properties of ash and mixtures were investigated: grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, moisture-density relationship, shear strength parameters in terms of effective stresses, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and deformation parameters. The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the materials with and without binders, and based on the laboratory results and previous research, the paper presents possibilities of using fly ash and slag for the construction of railway substructure in the planned construction and reconstruction of railway network in Serbia. The obtained results indicate that tested fly ash and ash-slag mixture have met the technical requirements and that they have the potential to be used in railway substructure.
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Pathak, Bhawana, Krishna Rawat, and M. H. Fulekar. "Heavy Metal Accumulation by Plant Species at Fly-Ash Dumpsites: Thermal Power Plant, Gandhinagar, Gujarat." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 02 (April 30, 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i02.7.

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Naturally growing wild plant species were identified for accumulation of heavy metals at fly ash different disposal sites of Thermal Power Plant Gandhinagar. Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cr metals were selected for studying accumulation by indigenous plants. Nine major weed species growing dominantly at fly ash dumpsite were identified i.e. Prosopis juliflora, Ipomea carnea, Calotropis procana, Nerium indicum, Abutilon indicum, Tephrosia purpunea, Cassia tora, Parthenium hysterphorus, Jatropha gossypifolia. Results showed significant accumulation of fly ash heavy metals by indigenous identified plants positive pattern of accumulation differed significantly in different weed species. Roots showed higher accumulation of heavy metals as compared with shoot in most of the plants but in some shoots also showed more accumulation compared to roots. Both translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor was calculated to determine metal translocation from site to roots and from root to shoot. Current results suggest that these plants species can effectively survive in harsh environment and can be used for eco-restoration purpose and also they can be used as potential phytoremediation species.
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Kanchan, Shubham, Vinit Kumar, Krishna Yadav, Neha Gupta, and Sandeep Arya. "Effect of Fly Ash Disposal on Ground Water Quality near Parichha Thermal Power Plant, Jhansi: A Case Study." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (August 24, 2015): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.21.

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Thermal power plant generates a huge amount of fly ash on combustion of coal which is becoming a major environmental issue. Thermal power plants are greatly facing a fly ash management problem. Open dumping of fly ash can deteriorate the groundwater quality by runoff. In the present investigation, the ground water samples were collected from nearby areas of Parichha Thermal Power Plant at six locations during the period of Jan 2014 to May 2014. The samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and heavy metal content. The physico-chemical analysis was done for the parameters like pH, Turbidity, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness and Magnesium Hardness. The concentration of Turbidity, EC and Alkalinity was exceeding the standard at all locations and shows that the groundwater of the area is not fit for drinking. The ground water samples were also analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium and it was found that lead was exceeding the limit although cadmium was found within the limit.
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Singh, Nakshatra. "Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Binder: A Future Construction Material." Minerals 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8070299.

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A large amount of waste coming out from industries has posed a great challenge in its disposal and effect on the environment. Particularly fly ash, coming out from thermal power plants, which contains aluminosilicate minerals and creates a lot of environmental problems. In recent years, it has been found that geopolymer may give solutions to waste problems and environmental issues. Geopolymer is an inorganic polymer first introduced by Davidovits. Geopolymer concrete can be considered as an innovative and alternative material to traditional Portland cement concrete. Use of fly ash as a raw material minimizes the waste production of thermal power plants and protects the environment. Geopolymer concretes have high early strength and resistant to an aggressive atmosphere. Methods of preparation and characterization of fly ash-based geopolymers have been presented in this paper. The properties of geopolymer cement/mortar/concrete under different conditions have been highlighted. Fire resistance properties and 3D printing technology have also been discussed.
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Sreenivas, V. Naren, D. Karthik, V. Aravinth Kumar, V. D. Sidharth, T. Meenatchi Sundaram, Soumitro Sarkar, and Narayanan B. Sabarish. "Determination of Complex Permittivity of Fly Ash for Potential Electronic Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4292.

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Disposal of fly ash obtained from thermal power plants is a major environmental concern. Fly ash contains large proportions of silica and ferrites. Investigation of its prospects as an electronic material provides scope for enhanced fly ash utilization. This involves measurement of relative permittivity and loss tangent. Experiments are carried out at X band frequencies in TE10 mode using standard klystron waveguide setup. Shorted Waveguide Method is used to determine the complex permittivity. The complex transcendental equation obtained is solved using Genetic Algorithm. Experimental results are compared with theoretical estimates based on Landau Lifshitz Looyenga (LLL) equation.
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Vasilovskaya, Galina V., Maria L. Berseneva, Alexandra A. Yakshina, Vadim V. Servatinsky, and Igor Ya Bogdanov. "Road Concrete Containing Coal Ashes of Thermal Power Stations Located in Krasnoyarsk." Key Engineering Materials 839 (April 2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.839.160.

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The paper reports on outcomes of research into a road concrete containing coal ash powders of thermal power stations located in Krasnoyarsk. The study was focused on characteristics of a fly ash, and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk Thermal Power Station 1, as well as ash of Beryozovskaya GRES. To compare characteristics a standard limestone powder was used. Physical and mechanical characteristics, chemical and mineral composition of these powders were analyzed. Mineral powders differed in a concentration of free calcium oxide (СаОfr.). Samples of a fine-grained road concrete were composed and prepared using materials above. Physical and mechanical properties of formed road concrete samples were tested. A coefficient K was introduced to assess the relation between key characteristics of a road concrete mix and concentration of free calcium oxide, furthermore, it considers a percentage of СаОfr. in ash (m) and percentage of this ash in a road concrete (n), i.e. К= m·n. It has been established a coefficient К ranging 0 to 32 СаОfr. has no significant effect on characteristics of a road concrete mix. A fly ash and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk thermal power station 1 are recommended for the use in industry as a mineral powder in a road concrete mix. Additionally, ash taken in an ash-disposal area is to be dried and grinded, a maximal content of a fly ash in a road concrete mix is estimated to be 4% provided that a concentration of СаОfr. is less than 8%.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal"

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Eze, Chuks Paul. "Chemical, physical and morphological changes in weathered coal fly ash : a case study of brine impacted wet ash dump." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5420.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Fly ash is the major waste material produced by power plants in the combustion of coal to generate electricity. The main constituents of fly ash are Si, Al, Fe and Ca with smaller amount of S, Mn, Na, K, and traces of many other elements such as Co, Cd, As, Se, Zn, Mo, Pb, B, Cu and Ni. Fly ash is usually disposed either by dry or wet disposal methods. These disposal methods have raised major environmental concerns due to the potential leaching of chemical species from the ash heap by ingress of rainfall and brine used to transport the fly ash to the dam. This study focuses on the changes in chemical composition, morphology and mineral phases due to weathering, of coal fly ash co-disposed with brine over 20 years at Sasol Secunda ash dump in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The design and operation of the Secunda ash dump presupposes that the ash dump may act as a sink for the salts which originated from chemicals used for normal operation in the plants. The majority of these salts come from the brines generated during desalination and raw water regeneration. The aim of this study is to ascertain if the ash dump could serve as a sustainable salt sink.Samples were drawn along the depth of two drilled cores (S1 and S3) from the weathered Secunda ash dump and analysed in conjunction with the fresh (unweathered) Secunda fly ash taken from the fly ash hoppers for comparative analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractive (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry were employed to obtain a detailed morphological, mineralogical and bulk chemical composition of all the samples. Pore water analysis was used to determine the pH, EC and moisture content of fly ash samples. A five step sequential chemical extraction procedure was used to establish the geochemical association of particular elements with various mineral phases. The total acid digestion test was also used to determine the total elemental compositions of the Secunda fly ash samples. The SEM results showed that the fly ashes consist of irregular and numerous spherically shaped particles. Changes (encrustations, etchings and corrosion) in the morphologies of the weathered ash particles were also observed. The XRD results revealed quartz, mullite, lime and calcite as the major mineral phases. Other minerals identified in very minor quantities in the drilled Secunda ash core that were dried prior to analysis were halite, kaolinite, nitratine, bassanite, microline. and hydrophitte. These phases may have formed during sample handling. XRF investigation revealed that the major oxides present in the dumped ash samples were SiO₂, A₂2O₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, Na₂O, TiO₂ and the minor elements present were K₂O, P₂O₅, SO₃ and MnO. The sum of the mean values of the % composition of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ was 70.19 %, and 72.94 % for the two drilled ash core samples (S1 and S3) respectively, and 78.67 % for the fresh ash which shows the significant alteration of the Si, Al and Fe content in the ash matrix over time. The fly ash is classified as Class F using the ASTM C 618 standards. The loss on ignition (LOI) which is an indication of unburned carbon or organic content was 4.78 %, 13.45 % and 8.32 % for the fresh ash, drilled ash cores S1 and S3 respectively. The high LOI values for the drilled ash cores could indicate high hydrocarbon content in the ash dump because of co-disposal practises where hydrocarbon waste are included in the brine stream for disposal on the ash. While the ash samples from the surface appeared dry, moisture content (MC) analysis showed that there is considerable water entrained in the fly ash dump. The fresh ash MC was 1.8 % while core S1 ranged from 41.4 – 73.2 %; core S3 ranged from 21.7 – 76.4 %. The variations in the MC values can be attributed to uneven flow paths due to inconsistent placement conditions or variations in ambient weather conditions during placement. The fresh fly ash (n=3) had a pH of 12.38±0.15, EC value of 4.98±0.03 mS/cm and TDS value of 2.68±0.03 g/L, the pH of the drilled ash core S1 (n=35) was 10.04 ±0.50, the EC value was 1.08±0.14 mS/cm and the TDS value was 0.64 ±0.08 g/L. Core S3 (n=66) had pH of 11.04±0.09; EC was 0.99 ±0.03 and TDS was 0.57 ± 0.01. The changes in pH values can be attributed to the dissolution and flushing out from the dump basic alkaline oxides like CaO and MgO These variations in pH values shows that the fly ash is acidifying over time and metal mobility can be expected under these conditions. The large decrease of EC in the drilled ash cores S1 and S3 compared to the fresh ash indicated a major loss of ionic species over time in the ash dump. The sequential extraction scheme revealed that the elements Al, Si, Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Fe, Mn, Na, K, As, Pb, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni and Zn are present in Secunda fresh and weathered fly ash and are partitioned between the water soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, iron and manganese, and residual fractions of the coal fly ash. It also showed that the trace elements As, Pb, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni and Zn do not show permanent association with particular mineral phases as a continuous partitioning between different mineral phases was observed in the weathered drilled core. Generally, all the elements had the highest concentration in the residual fraction. But it was evident that the labile phase (water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate fractions) had fairly high concentrations of Si (± 6.5 %), Al (± 6.5 %), Ca (±10 %), Mg (± 5.5 %), Ba (± 7.5 %),Sr (± 7.5 %), Na (± 12 %) and K (± 12 %) for the Secunda drilled ash core (S1 and S3) and fresh fly ash samples. This indicates that these species can leach easily upon water ingress and could pose a danger to the environment. Na and K had the highest concentrations leached out in the labile phase in all the ash samples. The amount of Na leached out of the drilled Secunda ash core in the labile phase was 13.21 % of 18584.26 mg/kg in the five geochemical phases of core S1; and 9.59 % of 11600.17 mg/kg in the five geochemical phases of core S3 while the fresh Secunda fly ash leached out 11.28 % of 16306.30 mg/kg of Na in the five geochemical phases. This study provided significant insight into the pore water chemistry, morphology, mineralogy and chemical composition and the elemental distribution pattern of the major and trace elements in the Secunda fly ash and weathered drilled Secunda ashm core S1 and S3. Though results from XRF analysis and the sequential extraction scheme shows that Na, K, S, Ca and Mg were slightly captured from the co-disposed brine by the Secunda fly ash, these species were however released in the labile phase. Hence there was no significant retention of these species in the ash dump. The amount of these species retained in the weathered ash were (0.26 % and 0.55 %) for Na, (0.02 % and 0.34 %) for K, (0.08 % and 0.06 %) for S, (0.94 % and 0.01 %) for Ca and (0.37 % and 0.96 %) for Mg in drilled ash cores S1 and S3 respectively. This poor retention of Na K, S, Ca and Mg which are major components of Sasol Secunda brine in the drilled ash cores S1 and S3 clearly shows the unsustainability of the Secunda fly ash dump as a salt sink.
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IZIDORO, JULIANA de C. "Síntese e caracterização de Zeólita pura obtida a partir de cinzas volantes de carvão." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10180.

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IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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CASTRO, FLAVIA J. de. "Avaliação ecotoxicológica dos percolados das colunas de cinza de carvão e de solos com cinza de carvão utilizando Lactuca sativa e Daphnia similis como organismos teste." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10517.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Books on the topic "Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal"

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National Seminar on Coal & Coal Combustion in Utility Boilers (1999 Noida, India). National Seminar on Coal & Coal Combustion in Utility Boilers, 6-8 April, 1999 at R & D Centre, National Thermal Power Corporation, Noida: Proceedings. Edited by Varma C. V. J, Lal P. K, Hirani Mohan, and National Thermal Power Corporation (India). Research and Development Centre. Noida: The Corp., 1999.

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ASCE, National Convention (1988 Nashville Tenn ). Disposal and utilization of electric utility wastes: Proceedings of a session. New York, N.Y: ASCE, 1988.

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International Conference Fly Ash Disposal & Utilisation (2nd 2000 New Delhi, India). 2nd International Conference Fly Ash Disposal & Utilisation, 2-4 February 2000, New Delhi, India: Proceedings. Edited by Varma C. V. J, India. Central Board of Irrigation and Power., and Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (India). Fly Ash Mission. New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 2000.

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International, Conference Fly Ash Disposal &. Utilisation (3rd 2003 New Delhi India). 3rd International Conference Fly Ash Utilisation & Disposal, 19-21 February 2003, New Delhi, India: Proceedings. New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 2003.

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Chekanov, G. S. Obrazovanie i ustranenie otlozheniĭ v sistemakh gidrozoloudalenii͡a︡. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1987.

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India. Central Pollution Control Board., ed. Status of pollution control, fly-ash management, and performance of air pollution control equipment in thermal power plants in West Bengal. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, 2003.

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Power), Seminar on Fly-Ash Utilisation (1996 Central Board of Irrigation and. Seminar on Fly-Ash Utilisation, 26-27 March 1996 at CBIP, New Delhi: Proceedings. New Delhi: Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 1996.

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Tennessee Valley Authority. Combustion By-product Marketing and Management Section., ed. Environmental assessment development of by-product disposal facilities: Cumberland Fossil Plant, flue gas desulfurization gypsum and fly ash. [Chattanooga, Tenn.?: Tennessee Valley Authority], Fossil Fuels Combustion By-Product Marketing and Management Section, 1992.

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Alternate coal ash transportation and disposal systems for thermal power plants. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal"

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Maiti, Deblina, Sundararajan Muniyan, and Iqbal Ansari. "Management of Coal Fly Ash Leachates Generated from Disposal Sites Near Thermal Power Plants." In Water Quality, Assessment and Management in India, 221–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95687-5_11.

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Nihalani, S. A., Y. D. Mishra, and A. R. Meeruty. "Handling and Utilisation of Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plants." In Circular Economy and Fly Ash Management, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0014-5_1.

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Pratap Singh, Swatantra, Amritanshu Shriwastav, and Abhishek Gupta. "Strategies for Collection, Treatment, and Recycling of Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plants." In Pollutants from Energy Sources, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3281-4_6.

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Twardowska, Irena, Prem S. M. Tripathi, Gulab Singh, and Joanna Kyziol. "Trace Elements and Their Mobility in Coal Ash/Fly Ash from Indian Power Plants in View of Its Disposal and Bulk Use in Agriculture." In Chemistry of Trace Elements in Fly Ash, 25–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4757-7_3.

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Varshney, Swati, and S. K. Dhawan. "Utilization of Fly Ash Composites in Electromagnetic Shielding Applications." In Smart Materials Design for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications, 315–54. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815036428122010010.

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Electromagnetic interference (EMI) disturbs the working of electronic and electrical equipment used in aerospace, military, and many more areas. This disturbance leads to the complete failure of equipment and it is also very dangerous to human beings, especially radiation created by mobile phones. The considerable development in materials has been achieved with the fabrication of the shield in the form of composite sheets, paints, coatings, etc. Now, there is a need to fabricate flexible materials to achieve intricate shapes and structures to provide excellent EMI shielding in a wide frequency range. In addition to EM pollution, society is also dealing with pollution created by solid waste like fly ash. The disposal of fly ash has become a challenge due to its astounding amount produced in coal thermal power plants. This research work demonstrates the usage of fly ash to fabricate advanced composites for electromagnetic shielding applications. This chapter will throw some light on the electromagnetic shielding mechanism, EMI shielding measurement methods, fabrication of smart materials for shielding application in the designing of conducting polypyrrole nanocomposites, polyurethane composites, and cement paint composite using fly ash along with other magnetic/dielectric reinforcement to develop material offering optimized electromagnetic shielding properties. Moreover, these composites are further tested for other characterization techniques. These developed smart materials not only find a solution for the utilization of fly ash but also offer excellent shielding effectiveness in a wide frequency range.
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Tosun, Yıldırım İsmail. "Thickener Water Neutralization by Mid‐Bottom and Fly Ash of Thermal Power Plants and CO2: Organic Humate Mud of AMD Treatment for Remediation of Agricultural Fields." In Coal Fly Ash Beneficiation - Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage with Coal Fly Ash. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69927.

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Choudhary, Nisha, Virendra Kumar Yadav, Parth Malik, Samreen Heena Khan, Gajendra Kumar Inwati, Suriyaprabha R., Bijendra Singh, A. K. Yadav, and Raman Kumar Ravi. "Recovery of Natural Nanostructured Minerals." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 450–70. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch021.

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Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup. Due to the high demand of nanoparticles, it is synthesized at commercial level by chemical and physical methods, which are expensive and energy intensive. The recovery of natural nanoparticles from the waste materials makes the process cost-effective and simultaneously reduces pollution. Fly ash or coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plants in-houses numerous natural nanoparticles like ferrospheres, plerospheres, cenospheres, and carbon nanoparticles, which finds applications in ceramics, wastewater treatment, lightweight materials, fillers, and composite manufacturing. Every year a million tons of fly ash are produced around the globe. In the chapter, all these fly ash natural nanoparticles have been discussed in detail including their properties, applications, and possible future applications.
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Gohatre, Omdeo Kishorrao, Subhaprada Sahoo, Kashmira Majhi, Sunil S. Suresh, and Jaidev K. "Effective Utilization of Thermal Power Plant Waste Fly Ash for Value Addition of Plastic Products." In Green Chemistry for the Development of Eco-Friendly Products, 1–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9851-1.ch001.

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Over recent decades, most plastic materials processed by incorporating some fillers in it. In this regard, many researchers have continued to close attention towards the study of various fillers and their effects on the advanced polymeric material. Similarly, these fillers and additives incorporate within the polymer matrix to meet various applications and to enhance its mechanical properties, strength, durability, etc. The trends have been significantly arise to the use of waste material as filler owing to its advanced properties in plastic material, ease of availability, and its low cost. In general, fly ash (FA) is a waste by-product generated from most thermal power plants and contains varieties of different elemental particles. It is utilized as filler material in a variety of polymeric materials to make sports equipment/devices, household products, construction industries, and in many other engineering applications. Hence, this section particularly focused on fly ash filler and its composites preparation using different polymer matrix.
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Conference papers on the topic "Thermal power plants-Fly ash disposal"

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Delitsyn, Leonid, Mikhail Sulman, Ruslan Kulumbegov, Oleg Popel, and Yury Kosivtsov. "PRODUCTION OF AGLOPORITE FROM ASH OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION OF A COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s18.28.

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Among the existing methods of processing waste from coal-fired thermal power plants, little attention is paid to the problem of ash disposal with variable composition. During the combustion of coals, various chemical reactions occur as part of their mineral part, resulting in the formation of a new technogenic raw material that differs from natural raw materials in chemical and phase composition and has other technological properties. Using the example of a coal-fired power plant burning coals from six different deposits, the ash of which differs in quantitative chemical and phase composition, granulometry, melting point and other properties, the production of agloporite, a promising material for the construction industry, is considered. The production of products is proposed, the method of obtaining which practically does not depend on the composition and properties of the ash of a coal-fired power plant. Ash with the addition of 10% clay undergoes a granulation stage followed by heat treatment at 1500-1700 � C on an agglomeration machine. After cooling, the agloporite consists mainly of glass (~ 50%), quartz modifications (a- and b-), magnetic minerals, and mullite. The bulk density of the agloporite is 500-700 kg/m3, which determines its use in the construction industry, mainly for structural lightweight concrete. Agloporite can also be used in road construction to form side slopes.
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Vlahović, Milica, Aleksandar Savić, Sanja Martinović, Nataša Đorđević, Zoran Stević, and Tatjana Volkov Husović. "Enhancing properties of concrete by addition of fly ash from a thermal power plant for application in geothermal systems." In 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.020.8.1.77.

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Electric power in Serbia is predominantly provided by thermal power plants. All of eleven existing thermal power plants in Serbia use coal, mainly lignite in the electricity production process thus generating about 6 million tons of fly ash per year. The estimated amount of fly ash from thermal power plants accumulated in Serbian landfills exceeds 200 million tons. On the other hand, during the last decades, respecting the principles of ecologically sustainable development has been imposed on industries, and one of them is the construction industry. Due to the presence of amorphous SiO2 and Al2O3, fly ash as pozzolanic material is convenient for the production of concrete and mortar. Consequently, multiple positive effects can be expected by the proper consumption of fly ash- reducing landfills and improving concrete properties. The idea of ​​this study is to analyze the possibility of recycling fly ash from a thermal power plant by replacing a part of common mineral filler- limestone in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). Properties of conventional SCC with limestone and compositions with different fly ash content were compared. Considering that requirements for SCC should be satisfied and all properties remain or enhance in the case of fly ash addition, this study proved that all designed concretes can be used for structural applications.
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Themelis, Nickolas J., and Saman Reshadi. "Potential for Reducing the Capital Costs of WTE Facilities." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2366.

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The dominant waste-to-energy technology is combustion of “as-received” municipal solid wastes (MSW) on a moving grate. By far, the largest cost item in the operation of such plants is the repayment of the initial capital investment of $600 to $750 per annual metric ton of capacity which results in capital charges of $60–75 per ton of MSW processed. On the average, such plants generate about 650 kWh of electricity per metric ton of MSW combusted. Therefore, on the basis of 8,000 hours of operation per year (90% availability), the capital investment in WTE facilities ranges from $7,500 to $9,000 per kW of electric capacity. This number is three times higher than the present cost of installing coal-fired capacity (about $2,500 per kW). Of course, it is understood that WTE plants serve two purposes, environmental disposal of solid wastes and generation of electricity; in fact, most WTE plants would not exist if the fuel (i.e. the MSW) had to be paid for, as in the case of coal, instead of being a source of revenue, in the form of gate fees. However, the question remains as to why WTE plants are much more costly to build, per kWh of electricity generated, than coal-fired plants, even when the coal supply is lignite of calorific value close to that of MSW (about 10 MJ/kg). This study intends to examine the possible contributing causes, one by one, in the hope that the results may lead to the design of less costly WTE plants. Some of the factors to be examined are: Feed-stock handling; heat generation rate per unit volume of combustion chamber; heat transfer rate per unit area of boiler surfaces; % excess air and, therefore, volume of gas to be treated in Air Pollution per kW of electricity; differences in gas composition and high temperature corrosion in boiler that limit steam temperature and pressure and thus thermal efficiency; cost of APC (air pollution control) system because of the need to remove volatile metals and dioxin/furans from the process gas; and the handling of a relatively large amount of ash. In seeking the answers to the above questions, the study also compares the operational performance characteristics and engineering design of various existing WTE plants. This study is at its very beginning and it is presented at NAWTEC 17 in the hope of generating useful discussion that may lead to significant improvements in the design of future WTE facilities. The WTEs built in the U.S. until 1995 were designed for efficient and environmentally benign disposal of MSW, with energy recovery being a secondary consideration. There have been three principal changes since then: (a) the capital cost of WTEs, per daily ton of capacity has doubled and in some cases nearly tripled, (b) energy recovery per unit of carbon dioxide emitted has become an important consideration, and (c) the price of renewable electricity has increased appreciably. All these three factors point to the need for future WTEs to become more compact, less costly to build, and more energy-efficient. It is believed that this can be done by combining developments that have already been tested and proven individually, such as shredding of the MSW, higher combustion rate per unit surface area of the grate, oxygen enrichment, flue gas recirculation and improved mixing in the combustion chamber, superior alloys used for superheaters, and steam reheating between the high-pressure and low-pressure sections of the steam turbine. For example, oxygen enrichment is practiced at the Arnoldstein, Austria, WTE where parts of the primary air stream are enriched between 23% and 31% oxygen; steam reheating has been proven at the Waste Fired Power Plant of AEB Amsterdam where electricity production for the grid has been increased to over 800 kWh per ton MSW.
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"Heat Treatment of Fine-Grained Cementless Concrete Based on High-Calcium Fly Ash and Slag from Thermal Power Plants." In "SP-153: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete Proceedings Fifth International Conference Milwauk". American Concrete Institute, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1085.

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Themelis, Nickolas J. "Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3577.

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The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.
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Korytni, Efim, Yuli Berman, Boris Davidson, Miron Perelman, Roman Saveliev, and Ezra Bar-Ziv. "Fouling of Heat Exchanger Tubes in Pulverized-Coal-Fired Combustion Chambers." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60044.

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Fouling is a major concern in coal-fired power plants caused by fly ash deposit on the heat exchanger tubes that decreases the overall heat transfer coefficient to water-steam mixture. Fouling has been characterized by weakly bound-loose form, which may be removed by various methods, such as soot-blowing, blast, and sand blowing. We have carried out experimental and modeling work on fouling to develop a methodology by which the thermal conductivity of the ash deposit would be determined in a way similar to the fouling process prevailing in real systems. For that we used tubes identical in material, diameter and temperature to those used in many utility boilers. In the experimental work we placed a tube in an axially symmetric 50 kW furnace, and tested fouling from three coals, bituminous and sub-bituminous. We also developed a dynamic model for the prediction of the ash deposition growth and its heat resistance. Comparison of the model prediction and experimental results yielded satisfactory fit. Consequently, thermal resistance of heat exchanger tuber with ash deposit of those coals was determined.
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Wang, Wuchao, Xiaohu Dong, Huiqing Liu, Yan Peng, Zhangxin Chen, Yu Li, and Yunfei Guo. "Fly Ash Nanoparticle-Stabilized Emulsions for Improve Mobility Control Application." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209646-ms.

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Abstract Nanoparticles have demonstrated their capacity to increase emulsion stability by forming what is known as a Pickering emulsion, which is predicted to improve EOR processes by improving conformity control. The goal of this work is to develop a novel way of beneficially utilizing the main waste product from coal power-generation plants - fly ash - by generating fly ash nanoparticle-stabilized emulsions for improved mobility control, especially under high-salinity conditions. First, the ball-milling method was used to decrease the grain size of fly ash, which was too big for injection into reservoirs. Second, fly ash nanoparticles were used to measure the synergy between nanoparticles and surfactants in the creation of oil-in-brine emulsions. Third, the emulsion stability was tested using a microscope and a rheometer with three different surfactants (cationic, nonionic, and anionic). Finally, oil replacement experiments were conducted using intra-formation heterogeneous cores to investigate the recovery enhancement effect of in situ injection of fly ash nanoparticles and cationic surfactant (CS). Thermally treated fly ash (TTFA) nanoparticles with an average size of 150 nm were produced using nano-milling and thermal treatment techniques. The use of either a cationic or nonionic surfactant in conjunction with nanoparticles resulted in strong and stable emulsions. The cationic surfactant had the greatest synergy, while the anionic surfactant had the least, indicating that electrostatic interactions with the surfactant and the liquid/liquid interface were key factors. The in-situ emulsion formed by the fly ash nanoparticles and the cationic surfactant (FA-CS) produced an additional 8.5 % of the original oil in place (OOIP) recovery after waterflooding. This indicates that the emulsion has better mobility control performance and higher crude oil recovery. This study not only has the potential to minimize the amount of surfactant used for emulsion-based EOR mobility control of fly ash nanoparticles but also to sequester fly ash in the subsurface strata.
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Loosaar, Ju¨ri, Hendrik Arro, Teet Parve, To˜nu Pihu, Arvi Prikk, Toomas Tiikma, and Matti Hiltunen. "New 215 MWel CFB Power Units for Estonian Oil Shale." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78141.

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Estonian basic power supply is over 90% covered by oil shale fired thermal power plants. Total installed thermal capacity of the boilers is 10.7 GWth and every year about 11 millions tons of oil shale is fired. Two different combustion technologies, the old pulverized oil shale firing and the new CFB technology are used at the moment. The new CFB units totaling 430 MWel delivered by Foster Wheeler Energia started operation in 2003–2004. The very first operational experience of CFB units are very promising and all basic problems of oil shale pulverized firing like high air emissions (SO2 — 820–1360 mg/MJ; NOx — 90–110 mg/MJ), fouling and corrosion of heating surfaces, low efficiency and low operational reliability seemed to be solved. Oil shale CFB firing at much lower temperatures (∼800°C) than pulverized firing (∼1400°C) results only partial decomposition of oil shale contained carbonates, meaning lower specific fuel consumption values and decreased CO2 emissions. Also fly ash composition and properties has been changed, which results in different new prospectives of ash utilization possibilities, but also some additional ash land filling problems. The paper analyses the first data of Estonian oil shale industrial CFB firing in the light of almost 40 year experience of Estonian oil shale use in power production.
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Dhamangaonkar, P. R., Abhishek Deshmukh, Santosh Pansare, and M. R. Nandgaonkar. "Design and Computational Validation of In-Line Bare Tube Economizer for a 210 MW Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62073.

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One of the pulverized coal fired thermal power plants in India intended to find the root cause of frequent boiler tube failures in three 210 MW units. Operation & Maintenance history and feedback from plant O&M team revealed that economizer tube failure was a frequent cause of forced outage. The plant under study used CFS (continuous fin surface) economizer with staggered tube arrangement in the 210 MW units. CFS staggered tube economizers originally appealed to many plant designers because the tortuous path created for the flue gas, enhanced heat absorption and the fins could capture heat and transfer it to the tubing. This made the CFS economizer less costly and easy for installation in a relatively small space. There is increasing use of lower quality high ash coals over the past few decades. Due to this fact an advantage of the CFS economizer design became a disadvantage. The narrow spacing in the tubes proved more susceptible to plugging and fly ash erosion. Literature study and the root cause analysis suggested that CFS staggered arrangement of economizer could be one of the prominent reason of failure of economizer tube bundle due to fly ash erosion. Flue gas flow simulation also highlighted that there is increase in velocity of flue gases across the economizer. A bare tube in-line configuration in place of existing CFS economizer was an alternative. To recommend an alternate economizer as solution, the merits of an in-line bare tube economizer were studied. Bare tubes arranged in-line are most conservative in hostile environments with high ash content, are least likely to plug, and have the lowest gas-side resistance per unit of heat transfer. A bare tube in-line economizer that can replace the existing finned tube economizer in the available space while meeting the existing design & performance parameters is recommended. An attempt was made to model & analyze the new economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools in order to get firsthand experience and validate the results obtained using manual calculations. With limited computational resources and not so fine meshing, the performed CFD model analysis showed the expected trend but did not completely match the results.
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Luo, Qinlan, Ruiya Jia, Bin Feng, Qulan Zhou, and Na Li. "Experimental Study of Mercury Removal and Electrolytic Regeneration by Ca(ClO)2 Solutions." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3264.

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The trace element mercury (Hg0) released from fossil fuel combustion in thermal power plants is difficult to be collected by pollution control equipment as its high volatility, high volatility and low solubility. The removal of Hg0 is the most critical part of mercury removal technology. The existing technologies of mercury removal include activated carbon adsorption, fly ash adsorption, calcium-based adsorbent adsorption, and wet scrubbing method. While these existing technologies have some disadvantages, like high absorbent consumption, high absorption cost and existence of secondary pollution. Much attention has been devoted to the development of new mercury removal technology in recent years. In this study, the Ca(ClO)2 solution was proposed for the absorption of elemental mercury as its strong oxidizing property and low expenditure. The chemical reaction mechanism, reaction kinetics and reaction thermodynamic in both absorption and regeneration processes were explored, which verified the feasibility of mercury removal and absorbent regeneration. Effects of solution concentration, absorption temperature and solution pH value on absorption performance of Ca(ClO)2 solution were investigated in micro bubbling reactor. The experimental results revealed that acid environment (pH = 1–5) and high solution concentration were beneficial to mercury removal. A high removal efficiency (over 90%) and a low outlet mercury concentration (below 0.01mg·m3) was obtained under optimal experimental parameters (with the pH value of 3, the solution concentration of 15 mmol·L−1 and the temperature of 25 °C). The performance of electrolytic regeneration in Ca(ClO)2 rich solutions were carried out, and the effect of electrolysis time on current efficiency and energy consumption in electrolytic regeneration processes were specifically studied. The regeneration results showed that the oxidation reaction of Cl− with a series of other oxidation reactions will occur at the anode, and the reduction reaction of Hg2+ will occur at the cathode. The results verified the feasibility of the electrolytic regeneration of Ca(ClO)2 rich solution using an ion-exchange membrane insulating the catholyte and the anolyte. The Ca(ClO)2 solution is a promising absorbent for elemental mercury which can accomplish the cyclic utilization of solution and the reuse of mercury.
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