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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal modification'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Thermal modification.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wall, Michael S., Xiang-Hua Deng, Peter A. Torzilli, Stephen B. Doty, Stephen J. O'Brien, and Russell F. Warren. "Thermal modification of collagen." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 8, no. 4 (July 1999): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(99)90157-x.

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2

Roupcová, Petra, Romana Friedrichová, Karel Klouda, Markéta Weisheitelová, and Michaela Perďochová. "Biochar Modification, Thermal Stability and Toxicity of Products Modification." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsbses-2017-0012.

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Abstract Biochar is a product obtained from processing of waste biomass. The main application of biochar is in soil and environment remediation. Some new applications of this carbonaceous material take advantage of its adsorption capacity use it as a heterogeneous catalyst for energy storage and conversion etc. This contribution describes thermal stability of the original biochar. It discusses biochar modified by chemical and physical methods including a new compound of biochar-graphene oxide. The purpose of the modifications is to increase its active surface to introduce active functional groups into the carbon structure of biochar in relation to fire safety and toxicity of those products.

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3

Davis, P. J., and S. C. Williams. "Protein modification by thermal processing." Allergy 53 (October 1998): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04975.x.

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4

Surovoi, E. P., and G. O. Eremeeva. "Thermal modification of MoO3 nanofilms." Inorganic Materials 49, no. 5 (April 18, 2013): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002016851304016x.

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5

Lee, M., and S. Lambert. "Thermal modification of connective tissue." Current Orthopaedics 15, no. 5 (October 2001): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/cuor.2001.0222.

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6

Doll, Kenneth M., and Hong-Sik Hwang. "Thermal modification of vegetable oils." Lipid Technology 25, no. 4 (April 2013): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201300269.

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7

Antons, Andis, Dace Cīrule, Ingeborga Andersone, Anrijs Verovkins, and Edgars Kuka. "Influence of Different Modifications on Bending Strength of Wood." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.240.

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Despite intensive research in wood protection, no simple wood treatment method is available for satisfactory wood protection that could ensure appropriate strength and bio-resistance of wood products during their service life. The present study is a part of a project that is aimed to improve wood service properties by combining wood thermal treatment and impregnation with copper containing preservatives. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of conventional modifications (thermal modification at relatively mild temperature range (150 - 180°C) and impregnation) and double-treatments (impregnation after thermal treatment and vice versa) on the bending properties of birch (Betula spp.) and pine (Pinussylvestris L.) wood. Bending strength considerably decreased after thermal modification of wood, however MOE values generally did not significantly change. Moreover, impregnation had no effect on the bending properties for both unmodified and thermally modified wood specimens. For double-treatment in which impregnation was carried out before thermal modification no changes in bending strength were observed comparing to thermally modified wood. However, MOE values of these specimens were 10 % for birch and 19 % for pine smaller comparing to just thermally modified wood. The results of double-treatment tests imply that, regarding wood bending properties, wood impregnation after thermal modification is more appropriate.

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8

Huang, Feifei, Ying Jin, Lei Wen, and Zhengwei Wan. "Nafion Modification of Thermal-Oxidized IrOxElectrode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165, no. 2 (2018): B12—B21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0581802jes.

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9

Starke, Robert, Michael Rosenthal, Claus-Thomas Bues, Martina Bremer, and Steffen Fischer. "Thermal modification of African alpine bamboo." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 74, no. 6 (August 23, 2016): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-016-1092-4.

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10

Kabra, Sakshi, Anita Sharma, Stuti Katara, Renu Hada, and Ashu Rani. "DRIFT- Spectroscopic Study of Modification of Surface Morphology of Perlite During Thermal Activation." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/13.

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11

K.V., Kostiukevych. "Transducer based on surface plasmon resonance with thermal modification of metal layer properties." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.03.255.

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12

Todica, Mihai, Elena Mihaela Nagy, Carmen Niculaescu, Oana Stan, Nicolae Cioica, and Cornel Viorel Pop. "XRD Investigation of Some Thermal Degraded Starch Based Materials." Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9605312.

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The thermal degradation of some starch based materials was investigated using XRD method. The samples were obtained by thermal extrusion of mixtures of different proportions of starch, glycerol, and water. Such materials are suitable for the manufacturing of low pollutant packaging. Thermal degradation is one of the simplest ways to destroy such materials and this process is followed by structural modification of the local ordering of samples, water evaporation, crystallization, oxidation, or destruction of the chemical bonds. These modifications need to be studied in order to reduce to the minimum production of pollutant residues by burning process. XRD measurements show modification of the local ordering of the starch molecules depending on the temperature and initial composition of the samples. The molecular ordering perturbation is more pronounced in samples with low content of starch.

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13

Iwase, Akihiro, and Fuminobu Hori. "Modification of Lattice Structures and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials by Energetic Ion Irradiation and Subsequent Thermal Treatments." Quantum Beam Science 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs4010017.

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When materials are irradiated with high-energy ions, their energies are transferred to electrons and atoms in materials, and the lattice structures of the materials are largely changed to metastable or non-thermal equilibrium states, causing the modification of several physical properties. There are two processes for the material modification by ion irradiation; one is “the irradiation-enhanced process”, and the other is “the irradiation-induced process”. In this review, two kinds of recent results for the microstructural changes and the modifications of mechanical properties will be summarized: one is the hardness modification of dilute aluminum alloys, which is a result of the irradiation-enhanced process, and the other is the hardness modification of Ni-based intermetallic compounds as a result of the irradiation-induced process. The effect of the subsequent thermal treatment on the microstructures and the hardness for ion-irradiated dilute aluminum alloys is quite different from that for Ni-based intermetallic compounds. This result reflects the difference between the irradiation-enhanced process and the irradiation-induced process. Finally, possibilities of the ion irradiation and subsequent thermal treatment to industrial applications will also be discussed.

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14

Todica, Mihai, Zoltan Kovacs-Krauss, Carmen Niculaescu, and Marieta Mureşan-Pop. "XRD investigation of thermal degradation of some gamma-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate samples." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 12 (May 10, 2019): 1950111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921950111x.

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The modification of local structure of some commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples, gamma irradiated at different doses, was investigated by X-ray diffraction method before and after thermal treatment. Before the thermal treatment, the samples exposed to different doses of gamma radiations, does not show noticeable structural changes. However, the gamma exposure affects the thermal behavior of samples submitted to melting–cooling process. These modifications have been highlighted by X-ray diffraction, and confirmed also by thermal analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

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15

Hu, Jing, Da Yue Wang, Xiao Wei Teng, Yan Wang, and Xin Yan Gao. "Surface Modification of TA18 by Thermal Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1502.

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TA18 alloy was used as the base material to investigate the effect of thermal oxidation (TO) on titanium alloys. The samples were subjected to TO treatment in a conventional muffle furnace at the same duration (210min) for different temperatures under air atmosphere. The results showed that an oxide layer comprised of rutile TiO2 and a small amount of Al2O3 were formed for samples thermally oxidized at 700°C and above, and both rutile and Al2O3 peaks increase with the treating temperature. The surface hardness increased significantly with the treating temperature due to the formation of a thin oxide layer and an oxygen diffusion zone in TO process. The wear test results showed that TO process can significantly improve the wear resistance, and the wear resistance is a function of the treating temperature, with 700°C being the optimum temperature to improve wear resistance of TA18 alloy for the duration of 210min.

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16

Hayashi, Kei, and Mark D. Markel. "Thermal modification of joint capsuleand ligamentous tissues." Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 6, no. 3 (July 1998): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1060-1872(98)80017-8.

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17

Merijs Meri, Remo, Jānis Zicans, Agnese Ābele, Tatjana Ivanova, Mārtiņš Kalniņš, and Kārlis Kundziņš. "Modification of polyoxymethylene for increased thermal resistance." Polymer Engineering & Science 57, no. 7 (June 16, 2017): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24625.

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18

KUSZEWSKI, KAZIMIERZ. "Thermal modification of properties of thermosetting materials." Polimery 33, no. 07/08 (July 1988): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1988.267.

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19

Zimnyakov, Dmitry A., Dmitry N. Agafonov, Alexander P. Sviridov, Alexander I. Omel’chenko, Liana V. Kuznetsova, and Victor N. Bagratashvili. "Speckle-contrast monitoring of tissue thermal modification." Applied Optics 41, no. 28 (October 1, 2002): 5989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.005989.

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20

Musso, S., S. Porro, M. Vinante, L. Vanzetti, R. Ploeger, M. Giorcelli, B. Possetti, F. Trotta, C. Pederzolli, and A. Tagliaferro. "Modification of MWNTs obtained by thermal-CVD." Diamond and Related Materials 16, no. 4-7 (April 2007): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2006.11.087.

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21

Berezin, I., and T. Troczynski. "Surface modification of zirconia thermal barrier coatings." Journal of Materials Science Letters 15, no. 3 (1996): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00274454.

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22

Reka, Arianit A., Blagoj Pavlovski, Emira Fazlija, Avni Berisha, Musaj Pacarizi, Maria Daghmehchi, Carmen Sacalis, Gligor Jovanovski, Petre Makreski, and Ayhan Oral. "Diatomaceous Earth: Characterization, thermal modification, and application." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0049.

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Abstract The diatomaceous earth (DE), collected from the Mariovo region in North Macedonia, was characterized and thermally modified. The material represents a sedimentary rock of biogenic origin, soft solid that can be easily disintegrated, with white to grayish color, with bulk density of 0.51–0.55 g/cm3, total porosity of 61–63%, and specific gravity of 2.25 g/cm3. The chemical composition is as follows: SiO2, 86.03; Al2O3, 3.01; Fe2O3, 2.89; MnO, 0.06; TiO2, 0.20; CaO, 0.76; MgO, 0.28; K2O, 0.69; Na2O, 0.19; P2O5, 0.15; and loss of ignition, 5.66 (wt%). The mineralogy of the raw DE is characterized by the predominant presence of amorphous phase, followed by crystalline quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, and feldspar. Significant changes in the opal phase are observed in the 1,000–1,200°C temperature region. At 1,100°C, the entire opal underwent solid–solid transition to cristobalite. Further ramp of the temperature (1,100–1,200°C) induced formation of mullite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy depict the presence of micro- and nanostructures with pores varying from 260 to 650 nm. SEM analysis further determined morphological changes in terms of the pore diameters shrinkage to 120–250 nm in comparison to the larger pores found in the initial material. The results from this investigation improve the understanding of mechanism of silica phase transition and the relevant phase alterations that took place in DE upon calcination temperatures from 500 to 1,200°C.

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23

Wolak, Eliza, Elżbieta Vogt, and Jakub Szczurowski. "Modification of activated carbons for application in adsorption cooling systems." Technical Sciences 1, no. 22 (January 8, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ts.4350.

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In this paper commercially available activated WD-extra carbon (Gryfskand) which is applied for water treatment was used. Activated carbon was modified by the following chemical agents: H2O2, HNO3 and HCl. Chemical modifications significantly affect the chemical, structural and surface properties of activated carbons. Hydrophobization with ethereal stearic acid was performed on the raw material and samples after chemical modification. Hydrophobic properties of the samples were specified. The relationship of the chemical modification agents with hydrophobization degree was indicated. The thermal effects of wetting by methanol was measured. The heat of wetting was calculated. The purpose of the work was to modify the WD carbon properties to obtain an adsorbent for cooling systems characterized by both good thermal capacity and moisture resistance. The modifying chemical substances applied accounted for an increase in the concentration of the acid functional groups. The hydrophobized and HCl-modified WD(HCl) carbon has the best hydrophobized properties. The results of studies describing such modifications allow to conclude that the use of hydrophobic materials may lead to the production of sorbents with new functions facilitating their storage and use.

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24

Dzowo, Yannick Kokouvi, Carly Wolfbrandt, Marino J. E. Resendiz, and Haobin Wang. "Modeling of canonical and C2′-O-thiophenylmethyl modified hexamers of RNA. Insights into the nature of structural changes and thermal stability." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2018): 10177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01739e.

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Modification of the C2′-O-position with thiophenylmethyl groups on both strands leads to thermal stabilization of the duplex. Predicting the effects that modifications will have on structure of RNA is of importance in the development of new RNA technologies.

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25

Kiran Theja, Akkaraju H., and Rayapati Subbarao. "Experimental Studies on Diesel Engine with Piston Crown Modification Using an Optimum Alternative Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.830.

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The drawbacks associated with bio-fuels can be minimized by making modifications to combustion chamber. Modification of combustion chamber is achieved by providing an air gap in between the crown and the body of the piston with the top crown made of low thermal conductivity material. Experimentation is carried on a diesel engine with brass as piston crown material and karanja as test fuel, which is found to be a better alternative fuel based on the tests carried out prior to modification. Investigations are carried out on the performance of the engine with modified combustion chamber consisting of air gap insulated piston with 2 mm air gap with brass crown when fuelled with karanja oil. Comparative studies are made between the two configurations of engine with and without modification at an injection timing of 29obTDC. Performance, heat balance and emission plots are made with respect to brake power. Fuel consumption increased with modification. The mechanical and volumetric efficiencies are similar in both the cases. Indicated and brake thermal efficiencies got reduced with modification. But, it is good to see that HC and CO emissions are showing positive trend. Thus, the present investigation hints the possibility of improvements while making piston modification and providing air gap insulation.

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26

Spear, Morwenna J., Simon F. Curling, Athanasios Dimitriou, and Graham A. Ormondroyd. "Review of Functional Treatments for Modified Wood." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030327.

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Wood modification is now widely recognized as offering enhanced properties of wood and overcoming issues such as dimensional instability and biodegradability which affect natural wood. Typical wood modification systems use chemical modification, impregnation modification or thermal modification, and these vary in the properties achieved. As control and understanding of the wood modification systems has progressed, further opportunities have arisen to add extra functionalities to the modified wood. These include UV stabilisation, fire retardancy, or enhanced suitability for paints and coatings. Thus, wood may become a multi-functional material through a series of modifications, treatments or reactions, to create a high-performance material with previously impossible properties. In this paper we review systems that combine the well-established wood modification procedures with secondary techniques or modifications to deliver emerging technologies with multi-functionality. The new applications targeted using this additional functionality are diverse and range from increased electrical conductivity, creation of sensors or responsive materials, improvement of wellbeing in the built environment, and enhanced fire and flame protection. We identified two parallel and connected themes: (1) the functionalisation of modified timber and (2) the modification of timber to provide (multi)-functionality. A wide range of nanotechnology concepts have been harnessed by this new generation of wood modifications and wood treatments. As this field is rapidly expanding, we also include within the review trends from current research in order to gauge the state of the art, and likely direction of travel of the industry.

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27

Kuznetsov, Grigory, Vladimir Temchenko, Maxim Miloserdov, and Dmitry Voskresenskiy. "Modifications of active phased antenna arrays near-field diagnosis method based on compressive sensing." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000989.

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AbstractThis paper presents two modifications of compressive sensing (CS)-based approach applied to the near-field diagnosis of active phased arrays. CS-based antenna array diagnosis allows a significant reduction of measurement time, which is crucial for the characterization of electrically large active antenna arrays, e.g. used in synthetic aperture radar. However, practical implementation of this method is limited by two factors: first, it is sensitive to thermal instabilities of the array under test, and second, excitation reconstruction accuracy strongly depends on the accuracy of the elements of the measurement matrix. First proposed modification allows taking into account of thermal instability of the array by using an iterative ℓ1-minimization procedure. The second modification increases the accuracy of reconstruction using several simple additional measurements.

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28

Gieparda, Weronika, Szymon Rojewski, and Wanda Różańska. "Effectiveness of Silanization and Plasma Treatment in the Improvement of Selected Flax Fibers’ Properties." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133564.

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The study investigated the effectiveness of the combination of chemical and physical methods of natural fibers’ modification. The long flax fibers were subjected to various types of modification. These were silanization, plasma modification and a combination of these methods. For the silanization process, two types of silanes were used: amino- and vinylsilane. The application of structurally different compounds allowed us to acquire knowledge about the effect of the modifier structure on its properties. Various properties of flax fibers were investigated, comparing the results before and after different modification processes. The flammability of prepared samples were tested by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC). In the effect of the natural fibers’ modifications, flammability was reduced even by 30%. The thermal stability of modified fibers increased. The FTIR tests of the gases released during thermal degradation of the tested fibers allowed us to determine the important compounds and prove a lower degree of flax-fiber decomposition after modification. Flax fibers were also tested to evaluate their physical properties (linear mass, average diameter, aspect ratio and hygroscopicity). Changes in surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The properties of natural fibers improved significantly, thus contributing to an increase in their suitability for the use in composites.

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29

Wang, Cheng. "A calculation method of thermal deformation for double helical gear." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019045.

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Thermal deformation caused by gear transmission is an important factor causing gear impact, vibration and partial load. Gear modification can effectively improve the effects caused by thermal deformation. The calculation of thermal deformation is the first problem to be solved before gear modification. This paper takes double helical gear as the research object and a calculation method of thermal deformation is proposed. Firstly, temperature of instantaneous meshing points on the tooth surface are measured and these discrete temperature values are fitted by the linear interpolation. Calculation formula of temperature distribution along gear radial direction is introduced. Combining both, tooth surface temperature field is obtained. Secondly, equation of tooth surface for double helical gear before and after thermal deformation is derived according to the tooth surface temperature field. Finally, an example is given. Compared with the given modification of thermal deformation, the calculated thermal deformation is almost equal to theoretical value. On this basis, the thermal deformation of double helical gear considering the installation error and machining error is calculated, which provides a theoretical basis for thermal deformation modification of double helical gear.

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30

Belkin, P. N. "Anode electrochemical thermal modification of metals and alloys." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 46, no. 6 (December 2010): 558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375510060049.

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31

Diaz Cano, Aaron I., Brahim El Filali, Tetyana V. Torchynska, and Jose L. Casas Espinola. "Emission modification in ZnO nanosheets at thermal annealing." MRS Proceedings 1534 (2013): A151—A157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.313.

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32

Berlet, G. C., W. E. Saar, Ann Ryan, and T. H. Lee. "Thermal-assisted capsular modification for functional ankle instability." Foot and Ankle Clinics 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00063-3.

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33

Su, Fu-Hu. "Modification of Thermal Theories to Solid Propellant Ignitibility." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22, no. 2 (April 1997): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220210.

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34

Bader Ul Ain, Huma, Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Asif Khan, Bushra Niaz, Madiha Rohi, Muhammad Adnan Nasir, Tabussam Tufail, Friha Anbreen, and Faqir Muhammad Anjum. "Modification of barley dietary fiber through thermal treatments." Food Science & Nutrition 7, no. 5 (April 9, 2019): 1816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1026.

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35

Foest, R., E. Kindel, A. Ohl, M. Stieber, and K.-D. Weltmann. "Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges for surface modification." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 47, no. 12B (November 9, 2005): B525—B536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/47/12b/s38.

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36

Samarov, É. N., A. D. Mokrushin, V. M. Masalov, G. E. Abrosimova, and G. A. Emel’chenko. "Structural modification of synthetic opals during thermal treatment." Physics of the Solid State 48, no. 7 (July 2006): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783406070109.

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37

FOUAD, F. M., F. R. VOORT, W. D. MARSHALL, and P. G. FARRELL. "FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IN THERMAL MODIFICATION OF BUTTER OIL." Journal of Food Lipids 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.1993.tb00240.x.

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38

Naga, Naofumi, Shigenori Ishinoda, Hiroki Ishiguro, Gaku Ishikawa, and Keiichi Noguchi. "Modification and thermal properties of syndiotactic-1,2-polybutadiene." Polymer Bulletin 76, no. 1 (May 26, 2018): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2380-4.

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39

Kumari, B. Jalaja, P. Krishna Pillai, K. G. K. Warrier, and K. G. Satyanarayana. "Surface modification of kaolinite by controlled thermal treatment." Journal of Materials Science Letters 5, no. 9 (September 1986): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01729254.

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40

Garro Mena, Leonardo, and Keith L. Hohn. "Modification of hexagonal boron nitride by thermal treatment." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 7298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05719-8.

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41

Tsapko, Yuriy, Olga Bondarenko, Oleksandra Horbachova, Serhii Mazurchuk, and Nataliya Buyskikh. "Research activation energy in thermal modification of wood." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 07009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128007009.

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The analysis of the process of thermal modification of wood, which was modified by a controlled process of pyrolysis of wood heating (> 180 ° C) in the absence of oxygen, which causes some chemical changes in the chemical structures of cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), durability. It is proved that in the process of thermal modification the decomposition of hemicelluloses and the amorphous part of cellulose occurs, and therefore the amount of substances that are the environment for the development of fungi in wood significantly decreases. In addition, lignin and the formed pseudolignin undergo a process of polymerization and redistribution of cell volume and give cell walls greater density, hardness, increase hydrophobicity (water repellency), thereby reducing their ability to absorb moisture and edema. Polymerized lignin fills the inner cavity of the cell, forming a closed porous structure with a low ability to bind water. It was found that the most effective parameter for reducing such substances is the temperature and exposure time. The results of thermogravimetric researches are given, the dependence of weight loss on temperature of researches on the basis of which activation energy is calculated is defined. The results of determining the activation energy show that for hardwood species this value exceeds more than 1.5 times compared to softwood.

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42

Thurakitseree, Theerapol, and Wilaiwan Leenakul. "Conductivity Modification of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.41.

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The combination of carbon materials and polymer has been well studied according to their compatable mixture in polymer with promising properties. Due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties for some types of carbons such as carbon nanotubes and graphite, they have been selected as component for nanocomposites. Here, capability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphite for nanocomposites were demonstrated. Nanotubes were functionalized by chemical process, and added into polyvinyl chloride (PVA) matrix. They were then used as main filler to modify thermal and electrical conductivities. Conductivities of different composite mixtures were finally investigated. With the use of low total amount of carbon materials, it was found that although there is no significant change in electrical and thermal conductivities, the highest conductivities could be obtained from MWNT to graphite ratio of 1:1 in PVA matrix, while the G-band mode does not give a rise to electron transfer.

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Xu, Ke, Yun Hong Ding, Wei Dong Liu, and Jin Chang. "Research on Hydrothermal Modification of Heavy Oil." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.312.

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Thermal recovery technology are widely used to enhance heavy oil recovery, the four most important of which are thermal modification, sub-critical water modification, catalytic modification and catalytic modification with hydrogen donor. These four kinds of technologies previously were studied separately, which were not systematically integrated together. This paper used high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to simulate heavy oil’s thermal recovery in static condition. By studying basic properties and structural parameters changed of four kinds of thermal recovery technologies, we have drawn the conclusion that The quality of crude oil dropped only by the use of TM, and The degrees of improvement were as follows: CMH> CM> SWM . H/C (Atomic ratio), fA, fN, fPand CI were important parameters, which could explain the extent of condensation and condensation direction. Long chain sulfur compound break down into small molecules, damaging the colloidal structure of heavy oil, improving the quality of heavy irreversible.

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Feng, Jinpeng, Meng Liu, Linzong Fu, Kan Zhang, Zhenhui Xie, Dawei Shi, and Xin Ma. "Enhancement and mechanism of vermiculite thermal expansion modified by sodium ions." RSC Advances 10, no. 13 (2020): 7635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra00223b.

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Aimed at improving vermiculite's thermal expansibility, a novel method of Na⁺ modification has been proposed. The influencing mechanism of Na⁺ modification on the thermal expansibility of vermiculite was explored.

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Yu, Hong-Qin, Jin-Jing Chen, Hong Li, and Cheng-Jiao Zhang. "Thermal property of sisal fibers." Thermal Science 19, no. 4 (2015): 1459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1504459w.

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Shah, M. Nazri Abu, S. Hanim Md Nor, Kamariah Noor Ismail, and Abdul Hadi. "Overview: Modification of Cerium Oxide in Three-Way Catalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.97.

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An overview of modification of cerium oxide, CeO2which is employed in the three-way catalyst (TWCs) is presented in this article. The modifications of cerium oxide, CeO2incorporated with the metal oxides for the improvement of thermal stability, microstructure and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) are discussed. In view of that, the types of metal oxide are grouped into transition metals, rare earth metals, and alkaline metals and the effect of each group into cerium oxide, CeO2are elaborated.

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Cabezas-Romero, José Luis, Linette Salvo-Sepúlveda, Helga Contreras-Moraga, Natalia Pérez-Peña, Víctor Sepúlveda-Villarroel, Maximilian Wentzel, and Rubén A. Ananías. "Microstructure of thermally modified radiata pine wood." BioResources 16, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 1523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1523-1533.

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The thermal modification of wood is a potential alternative method for improving wood dimensional stability and increasing the resistance of wood to decay. However, during thermal modification, morphological changes occur within the microstructure of the cell, and these confer different properties to the wood. This study investigated the effects of the thermal modification process on the microstructure of radiata pine juvenile wood. Therefore, anatomical measurements were performed via optical microscopy in selected earlywood and latewood samples after each treatment, and the results were compared to untreated wood samples. In this study, two temperatures (190 °C and 210 °C) were considered for the thermal modification process. The results showed that the level of temperature of modification affected to microstructure of cell wall. The cell wall thickness decreased as treatment temperature increased, whereas the average lumen diameter increased slightly as temperature increased. Thermally modified radiata pine showed signs of damage (cracks, broken cells and deformations in the wood cell wall). The proportion of destroyed area increased as temperature increased, and significant differences were evident for the thermal treatment at 210 °C.

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Arbaa'in, Norhanis, Rasidi Roslan, Jamil Ismail, Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim, and Farizah Khairin Mohd Tahir. "The Study of Cationic Modification of Welan Gum." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.127.

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In the present study, welan gum (WG) was modified with a quaternary amine group producing cationic welan gum (CWG) to enhance its thermal and viscosity properties. N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) was used as the source of the quaternary amine group. The effect of CHPTAC amount in the presence of NaOH was investigated and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermal and viscosity analysis. The viscosity results were increases as the amount of CHPTAC increased. From the thermal analyses, it is observed that the CWG has better thermal resistance compared to WG. This study showed that modification of WG by attaching quaternary amine group on the hydroxyl group is promising for the exploration of the high-temperature reservoir.

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Švinka, Ruta, Visvaldis Svinka, and Julija Bobrovik. "Modification of Porous Cordierite Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.322.

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Highly porous cordierite ceramic by using of talcum, kaolinite and γ-alumina was obtained by method of slip casting of concentrated suspension. Additives of amorphous silica and non-stabilized zirconia in the amount of 5 wt% were used. Sintering temperature of dried samples was in range of 1250 – 1450°C. All the samples contain crystalline phases of cordierite, mullite and corundum but, depending on the additives, as a result of sintering in addition forms spinel, cristobalite or zircon (ZrSiO4). Porosity of obtained materials changes in large scale from 42 to 59 per cent; it is influenced by both sintering temperature and composition. Compressive strength increases with the addition of zirconia. In comparison, compressive strength of samples without additives or with silica additive does not exceed 3.5 MPa. The increase of coefficient of thermal expansion depends both on the composition and sintering temperature. ZrO2 additive increases the coefficient of thermal expansion considerably.

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Pereira, Giuliano Ferreira, Setsuo Iwakiri, Rosilani Trianoski, Polliana D'angelo Rios, and Renan Zunta Raia. "INFLUENCE OF THERMAL MODIFICATION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus badjensis MIXED PARTICLEBOARD / OSB PANELS." FLORESTA 51, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.69403.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of thermal modifications, at different temperatures and exposure times, on the technological properties of mixed particleboard / OSB panels made out of Eucalyptus badjensis. Using the wood of Eucalyptus badjensis, Particleboard, OSB and mixed Particleboard/OSB panels (control and thermally modified) were manufactured. The mixed panels’ thermal modification was carried out under three temperatures (180ºC, 200ºC and 220ºC) and two exposure times (10 minutes and 12 minutes). For the panels’ manufacturing, 6% of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive and 1% of paraffin were employed, which was calculated based on the particles’ dry mass. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties were evaluated after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, in addition to the panels’ modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond. Based on the results, we were able to conclude that the thermal modification affected most of the physical properties positively. From the different exposure times studied, the most effective one was the period of 12 minutes, especially for water absorption after 2 hours, which caused a reduction of 11.27%. In turn, the most effective temperature was of 220ºC, highlighting the thickness swelling after 24 hours, which caused a swelling decrease of 23.76% in comparison with the control panels. Regarding the mechanical properties, the thermal modification, in terms of the studied exposure times and temperatures, did not affect the results of the mixed particleboard /OSB panels.

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