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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal and Thermokinetic Characterization'

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Published: 8 June 2024

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1

Erişkin, Selinay Y., Fatma Ç. Telli, Yeliz Yıldırım, and Yeşim Salman. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermokinetic Analysis of New Epoxy Sugar Derivative." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/737953.

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The synthesis of 5,6-O-isopropylidene-1,2-O-(R)-trichloroethylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (compound1) and 5,6-O-isopropylidene-1,2-O-(R)-trichloroethylidene-3-O-(2′,3′-epoxypropan-1′-yl)-α-D-glucofuranose (compound2) was carried out. The synthesized compounds1and2were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The FTIR and1H NMR spectra showed that the epoxy group in compound2was attached by means of a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The activation energies for thermal degradation of compounds1and2were calculated from their TG data by using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Tang methods.

2

Al-Maydama, Hussein, Tajedin Yahya Al-Ansi, Yasmin M. S. Jamil, and A. H. Ali. "Biheterocyclic ligands: synthesis, characterization and coordinating properties of bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes with transition metal ions and their thermokinetic and biological studies." Ecletica Quimica 33, no. 3 (September 29, 2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v33.3.2008.p29-42.

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The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions complexes of Bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes (BATs) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements infrared, magnetic susceptibility, the electronic spectral data and thermal studies. Based on spectral and magnetic results, the ligands are tetradentate coordinating through the N and S-atoms of BATs; six-coordinated octahedral or distorted octahedral and some times four-coordinated square planar were proposed for these complexes. Activation energies computed for the thermal decomposition steps were compared. The ligands and their metal complexes were tested in vitro for their biological effects. Their activities against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and two fungal species were found to vary from moderate to very strong.

3

Aversa, Raffaella, Laura Ricciotti, Valeria Perrotta, and Antonio Apicella. "Thermokinetic and Chemorheology of the Geopolymerization of an Alumina-Rich Alkaline-Activated Metakaolin in Isothermal and Dynamic Thermal Scans." Polymers 16, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16020211.

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Alkaline sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate-activating high-purity metakaolin geopolymerization is described in terms of metakaolin deconstruction in tetrahedral hydrate silicate [O[Si(OH)3]]− and aluminate [Al(OH)4]− ionic precursors followed by their reassembling in linear and branched sialates monomers that randomly copolymerize into an irregular crosslinked aluminosilicate network. The novelty of the approach resides in the concurrent thermo-calorimetric (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and rheological (dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA) characterizations of the liquid slurry during the transformation into a gel and a structural glassy solid. Tests were run either in temperature scan (1 °C/min) or isothermal (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C) cure conditions. A Gaussian functions deconvolution method has been applied to the DSC multi-peak thermograms to separate the kinetic contributions of the oligomer’s concurrent reactions. DSC thermograms of all tested materials are well-fitted by a combination of three overlapping Gaussian curves that are associated with the initial linear low-molecular-weight (Mw) oligomers (P1) formation, oligomers branching into alumina-rich and silica-rich gels (P2), and inter- and intra-molecular crosslinking (P3). The loss factor has been used to define viscoelastic behavioral zones for each DMA rheo-thermogram operated in the same DSC thermal conditions. Macromolecular evolution and viscoelastic properties have been obtained by pairing the deconvoluted DSC thermograms with the viscoelastic behavioral zones of the DMA rheo-thermograms. Two main chemorheological behaviors have been identified relative to pre- and post-gelation separation of the viscoelastic liquid from the viscoelastic solid. Each comprises three behavioral zones, accounting for the concurrently occurring linear and branching oligomerization, aluminate-rich and silica-rich gel nucleations, crosslinking, and vitrification. A “rubbery plateau” in the loss factor path, observed for all the testing conditions, identifies a large behavioral transition zone dividing the incipient gelling liquid slurry from the material hard setting and vitrification.

4

Paglia, L., V. Genova, M. P. Bracciale, C. Bartuli, F. Marra, M. Natali, and G. Pulci. "Thermochemical characterization of polybenzimidazole with and without nano-ZrO2 for ablative materials application." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 2149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10343-4.

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AbstractDuring the ballistic atmospheric re-entry, a space vehicle has to withstand huge thermo-mechanical solicitations because of its high velocity and the friction with the atmosphere. According to the kind of the re-entry mission, the heat fluxes can be very high (in the order of some MW m−2) ;thus, an adequate thermal protection system is mandatory in order to preserve the structure of the vehicle, the payload and, for manned mission, the crew. Carbon phenolic ablators have been chosen for several missions because they are able to dissipate the incident heat flux very efficiently. Phenolic resin presents satisfying performance but also environmental drawbacks. Thus, a more environmental-friendly solution was conceived: a high-performance thermoplastic material, polybenzimidazole (PBI), was employed instead of phenolic resin. In this work PBI-ablative material samples were manufactured with and without the addition of nano-ZrO2 and tested with an oxyacetylene flame. For comparison, some carbon-phenolic ablators with the same density were manufactured and tested too. Thermogravimetric analysis on PBI samples was carried out at different heating rates, and the obtained TG data were elaborated to evaluate the activation energy of PBI and nano-filled PBI. The thermokinetics results for PBI show an improvement in thermal stability due to the addition of nano-ZrO2, while the oxyacetylene flame test enlightens how PBI ablators are able to overcome the carbon phenolic ablators performance, in particular when modified by the addition of nano-ZrO2.

5

Petrova-Burkina, O. A., V. V. Rubanik Jr., and V. V. Rubanik. "Thermokinetic EMF during a reverse phase transition in titanium nickelide as a way of information recording." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 66, no. 3 (October 12, 2021): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-3-329-334.

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The external factors that inﬂuence on the thermokinetic EMF value in the Ti – 50 at.% Ni samples were determined. A method for setting thermokinetic EMF in certain sections of the TiNi wire was developed. The thermokinetic EMF value was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The sections of the Ti – 50 at.% Ni wire samples were subjected to tensile tests on a tensile machine IP 5158-5. On the basis of calorimetric studies, the kinetics of martensitic transformations was investigated. It was found that the direct phase transition affects the thermokinetic EMF value of the Ti – 50 at.% Ni during thermal cycling. Thermal cycling in the temperature range of the complete martensitic transformation causes the thermokinetic EMF value reduction by 0.16 mV by the 15th temperature cycle. The degradation of the thermokinetic EMF value by 0.04 mV took place during thermal cycling in the temperature range of the incomplete martensitic transformation by the 70th thermal cycle. The thermokinetic EMF value was restored to 0.22 mV with increasing temperature to 240 °С, as in the case of annealing at temperatures of 400÷800 °С. The thermokinetic EMF value is associated with a change in physical and mechanical properties of the alloy during thermal cycling. It is characterized by a change in stages of the phase transition and a shift of the characteristic temperatures. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, a method was proposed for a purposeful setting of extended TiNi wire sections with the thermokinetic EMF value from 0 to 0.6 mV, using different methods of inﬂuence on its value (thermal cycling, deformation, temperature change in heating zone). The proposed technical solution can be used as a method for information recording.

6

Petrova-Burkina, O. A., V. V. Rubanik, Jr., V. V. Rubanik, and T. V. Gamzeleva. "Influence of heat treatment on thermokinetic EMF during reverse phase transition in titanium nickelide." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 65, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2020-65-4-413-421.

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The effect of duration and annealing temperature in the range of 400–800 °C on the thermokinetic EMF value in titanium nickelide, the composition of which is close to the equi-atomic one, at a reverse phase transition was investigated. Thermokinetic EMF was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The phase and elemental composition of the alloy and the kinetics of thermoelastic phase transformations have been checked by X-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Annealing at temperatures of 500 and 800 °C leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.25 mV. Removal of the oxide layer from the sample surface annealed at 700 °C for 0.5 h leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.26 mV for the 1-st thermal cycle. It was found that thermal cycling causes a decrease in the thermokinetic EMF values down to 0.98 mV for the 20th thermal cycle for the samples without an oxide layer and to 0.3 mV for the samples with an oxide layer, respectively. With the increase in annealing time up to 20 h at 700 °C, the decrease in the thermokinetic emf value to 0.16 mV was observed. The thermokinetic EMF value after heat treatment is associated with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy and characterized by a shift of the characteristic temperatures of the phase transition. The research results are important for understanding the physics of thermoelectric phenomena in shape memory alloys during nonstationary heating and can be used both to control the homogeneity of their physical and mechanical properties and to design smart actuators and sensors, mechanisms of control systems.

7

Petrova-Burkina, O. A., V. V. Rubanik, Jr., V. V. Rubanik, and T. V. Gamzeleva. "Influence of heat treatment on thermokinetic EMF during reverse phase transition in titanium nickelide." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 65, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2020-65-4-413-421.

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The effect of duration and annealing temperature in the range of 400–800 °C on the thermokinetic EMF value in titanium nickelide, the composition of which is close to the equi-atomic one, at a reverse phase transition was investigated. Thermokinetic EMF was measured directly using a digital millivoltmeter MNIPI V7-72. The phase and elemental composition of the alloy and the kinetics of thermoelastic phase transformations have been checked by X-ray diffraction and calorimetric studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Annealing at temperatures of 500 and 800 °C leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.25 mV. Removal of the oxide layer from the sample surface annealed at 700 °C for 0.5 h leads to an increase in the thermokinetic EMF value from 0.22 to 0.26 mV for the 1-st thermal cycle. It was found that thermal cycling causes a decrease in the thermokinetic EMF values down to 0.98 mV for the 20th thermal cycle for the samples without an oxide layer and to 0.3 mV for the samples with an oxide layer, respectively. With the increase in annealing time up to 20 h at 700 °C, the decrease in the thermokinetic emf value to 0.16 mV was observed. The thermokinetic EMF value after heat treatment is associated with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy and characterized by a shift of the characteristic temperatures of the phase transition. The research results are important for understanding the physics of thermoelectric phenomena in shape memory alloys during nonstationary heating and can be used both to control the homogeneity of their physical and mechanical properties and to design smart actuators and sensors, mechanisms of control systems.

8

Strobel, Hans. "Thermokinetic compartment models of thermal decomposition reactions." Thermochimica Acta 112, no. 2 (March 1987): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(87)88275-8.

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9

Muravyev, Nikita V., Giorgio Luciano, Heitor Luiz Ornaghi, Roman Svoboda, and Sergey Vyazovkin. "Artificial Neural Networks for Pyrolysis, Thermal Analysis, and Thermokinetic Studies: The Status Quo." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123727.

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a method of machine learning (ML) that is now widely used in physics, chemistry, and material science. ANN can learn from data to identify nonlinear trends and give accurate predictions. ML methods, and ANNs in particular, have already demonstrated their worth in solving various chemical engineering problems, but applications in pyrolysis, thermal analysis, and, especially, thermokinetic studies are still in an initiatory stage. The present article gives a critical overview and summary of the available literature on applying ANNs in the field of pyrolysis, thermal analysis, and thermokinetic studies. More than 100 papers from these research areas are surveyed. Some approaches from the broad field of chemical engineering are discussed as the venues for possible transfer to the field of pyrolysis and thermal analysis studies in general. It is stressed that the current thermokinetic applications of ANNs are yet to evolve significantly to reach the capabilities of the existing isoconversional and model-fitting methods.

10

Delgado R, E. J. "A Thermal Engine Driven by a Thermokinetic Oscillator." Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 26 (January 1996): 11144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9514234.

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11

Cao, Chen-Rui, Wei-Chun Chen, Wun-Cheng Jhang, Yi-Hong Chung, and Wei-Cheng Lin. "Thermal decomposition and evaluation thermokinetic parameters for explosive type." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 144, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10475-7.

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12

Gray, Peter, and John Griffiths. "Thermokinetic combustion oscillations as an alternative to thermal explosion." Combustion and Flame 78, no. 1 (October 1989): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90009-6.

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13

Zhdanova, Alena, Svetlana Kralinova, and Galina Nyashina. "Determination of thermophysical and thermokinetic characteristics of forest combustible materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819401066.

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The danger of forest fires and their large-scale consequences is facing humanity more and more sharply from year to year. We carried out experimental studies to determine the thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity) and thermokinetic characteristics (activation energy, pre-exponential factor) of typical forest combustible materials and their mixtures for a wide range of temperatures (298–423 K). A generalization of experiments for typical forest combustible materials of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia was performed. The established experimental values can be used for mathematical modeling of occurrence, propagation and extinguishing of forest fires.

14

Vershinina, Ksenia, Sergey Lyrschikov, and Pavel Strizhak. "Thermal decomposition and oxidation of coal processing waste." Thermal Science 22, no. 2 (2018): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171023311v.

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To expand the database of kinetic parameters used for modeling the ignition of coals and their processing waste, promising coal-water slurry and coal-water slurry containing petrochemicals, studies have been performed on an experimental set-up using thermal gravimetric analysis. The research into coals of various ranks (flame, gas, coking, low-caking, and non-baking) and their processing waste (filter cakes) has yielded the decomposition parameters of the organic matter of coal and the formation of volatile substances as well as the oxidation parameters of the coke residue of all the coals and filter cakes under study. The studies cover the temperature range of the burning processes: 450-1300 K (for low-, medium-, and high-temperature burning modes). We have ascertained the dependence of kinetic parameters (pre-exponential factor and activation energy) describing the thermal decomposition of the organic matter of coal on the rank of coals and filter cakes. The findings show that the kinetic parameters describing the thermal decomposition of the organic matter of coal and its processing waste are practically the same. The thermokinetic parameters of coke residue oxidation are close for all the coals under study but they differ significantly for coke residue of filter cakes. The values of thermokinetic parameters obtained in the research are necessary to devise adequate physical and mathematical models and perform numerical studies (for mathematical modeling) of fuel slurry combustion processes in the combustion chambers of power plants.

15

Aslan, Dilan Irmak, Buğçe Özoğul, Selim Ceylan, and Feza Geyikçi. "Thermokinetic analysis and product characterization of Medium Density Fiberboard pyrolysis." Bioresource Technology 258 (June 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.126.

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16

Chan Sze On, DR Hardy. "An Overview of Thermal Analysis of Polymers." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 3, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.220.

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This article presents an up-to-date overview of the application of thermoanalytical methods in the study of polymers with special focus on thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, diferential scening calorimetry and thermomechanical analysis. The working principles behind the variouse thermoanalytical methods together with modes of operation are described. Their usefulness in the characterisation of polymers is cowered comprehensively with examples cited in the litearture. The question of validity of data obtained from thermokinetic studies of polymers is examined and it is felt that the kinetic parameters generated carry little physical meaning about the kinetic of the polymer reaction.

17

Sugioka, Hideyuki. "Direct simulation on nonlinear thermokinetic phenomena due to induced-charge electroosmosis." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 855 (September 20, 2018): 736–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.640.

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Previously, we proposed a novel mechanism to produce a nonlinear thermokinetic phenomenon (NTKP) around a metal cylinder in an electrolyte on the basis of analytical discussion. In this study, by using a non-steady direct multi-physics simulation technique based on the Stokes equation coupled with the electroosmotic equation that considers normal diffusion, electrophoresis and thermal diffusion, we directly verify the NTKP and show that the original driving force is the excess ions pressed on the particle by the thermokinetic force and that the NTKP vortex flow around the particle is generated by the interaction between the excess ion and the electric field that is made by the excess ions and/or the Seebeck electric field due to the blocking boundary condition on the wall. Namely, two types of NTKP exist and they are explained in a self-consistent manner by our new theory. In addition, through the discussion of a dielectric particle, we show that the NTKP is a general phenomenon that can be found in both metal and dielectric particles. We believe that our findings provide a new unified viewpoint to understand complex thermokinetic phenomena near metal and dielectric particles.

18

Ordzhonikidze, O. S., A. N. Pivkina, Yu V. Frolov, N. V. Muravyev, K. A. Monogarov, and I. V. Fomenkov. "Thermokinetic modeling of octogen decomposition using the simultaneous thermal analysis data." Journal of Structural Chemistry 51, S1 (December 2010): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10947-010-0200-2.

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19

Duffey, M. R. "The Vocal Memnon and Solar Thermal Automata." Leonardo Music Journal 17 (December 2007): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2007.17.51.

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A memnonium is a self-actuating system that generates music using solar energy. The name comes from the statue of Memnon, a famous tourist attraction in the Greco-Roman world that was said to emit sound when warmed by the morning sun. The Memnon statue inspired the design of musical automata in later periods, to which there are many historical references. Several intriguing technologies and engineering methods may be well suited for modern memnonium design efforts. However, full realization of solar thermoacoustic and thermokinetic sculpture would likely require deep collaboration between physics, music and other disciplines. In modern times, only a few simple proof-of-concept memnonia have been constructed.

20

Montanari, G. C., and F. J. Lebok. "Thermal degradation of electrical insulating materials and the thermokinetic background: theoretical basis." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 25, no. 6 (1990): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.64487.

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21

Montanari, G. C., and F. J. Lebok. "Thermal degradation of electrical insulating materials and the thermokinetic background: experimental data." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 25, no. 6 (1990): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.64488.

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22

Bilenko, George A., Radik U. Khaybrakhmanov, Yury S. Korobov, and E. M. Bilenko. "Development of a Thermal Model of Welding by the Finite Element Method in Software "Bazis"." Key Engineering Materials 944 (April 10, 2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7f029v.

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The paper presents a model and an algorithm for calculating the operational properties of a metal and a structure after its assembly-welding. The model is based on the equations of non-stationary thermal conductivity and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the analysis of structural-phase transformations using thermokinetic diagrams. It is implemented in the original BAZIS software package. Validation of software was carried out when calculating thermal fields and deformations as applied to arc welding, arc deposition, and laser welding of standard joints.

23

Tsai, Lung Chang, Jian Ming Wei, Yung Chuan Chu, Wei Ting Chen, Fang Chang Tsai, Chi Min Shu, and Chun Ping Lin. "RDX Kinetic Model Evaluation by Nth Order Kinetic Algorithms and Model Simulations." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1413.

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A kinetic model based on the thermal decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazmane (RDX) was constructed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), well-known kinetic equations, curve-fitting analysis, and simulations of thermal analysis. Our objective was to analyze thermokinetic parameters derived from heating rates used in DSC and compare simulations of thermal decomposition under various kinetic models. Experimental results were strongly dependent on the validity of the kinetic model, which was based on an appropriate mathematical model and a proper method for the evaluation of kinetics. Through six types of kinetic algorithms, a reasonable value of the Ea of the thermal decomposition of RDX was obtained. Finally, this study established a novel green technology for the thermal analysis of reactions and obtained information on the characteristics of thermal decomposition and reaction hazards of RDX.

24

Pourmortazavi, Seied Mahdi, Vahid Mirzajani, and Khalil Farhadi. "Thermal behavior and thermokinetic of double-base propellant catalyzed with magnesium oxide nanoparticles." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 137, no. 1 (November 17, 2018): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7904-5.

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25

Strobel, Hans. "Thermokinetic mathematical model of the reaction zone of an oscillating thermal decomposition reaction." Thermochimica Acta 102 (June 1986): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)85310-2.

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26

Ul Mohsin, I., D. Lager, C. Gierl, W. Hohenauer, and H. Danninger. "Simulation and optimisation for thermal debinding of copper MIM parts using thermokinetic analysis." Powder Metallurgy 54, no. 1 (February 2011): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003258910x12740974839620.

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27

Lin, Chun Ping, Yi Ming Chang, Jo Ming Tseng, and Mei Li You. "Comparison of the Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Kinetics for Predicting the Thermal Hazard of Tert-Butyl Peroxybenzoate." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.124.

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Tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), a liquid organic peroxide, has been widely employed in the petrifaction industry as a polymerization formation agent. This study investigated the thermokinetic parameters of TBPB by isothermal kinetic algorithms and non-isothermal kinetic equations, using thermal activity monitor III (TAM III) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Simulations of 0.5 L, 25 kg, 55 gallon, and 400 kg reactors in liquid thermal explosion models were performed. It is based on the thermal hazard properties, such as the heat of decomposition (∆Hd), activation energy (Ea), self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), control temperature (CT), emergency temperature (ET), and critical temperature (TCR). From the experimental results, the optimal conditions to avoid violent runaway reactions during the storage and transportation of TBPB were determined.

28

Zhai, Le, Ke-Wu Yang, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Hui-Zhou Gao, Xia Yang, Ying Shi, and Jing Wen. "Thermokinetic characterization of imipenem hydrolysis with metallo-β-lactamase CcrA from Bacteroides fragilis." Thermochimica Acta 539 (July 2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.04.003.

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29

Yıldırım, Yeliz, Fatma Telli, Erkan Kahraman, and John M. Gardiner. "Synthesis, characterization, thermokinetic analysis and biological application of novel allyl glucosamine based glycopolymers." Designed Monomers and Polymers 26, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2023.2199506.

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30

Shang, Yiping, Wu Yang, Yabei Xu, Siru Pan, Huayu Wang, and Xiong Cao. "Preparation of Few-Layered WS2 and Its Thermal Catalysis for Dihydroxylammonium-5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-Diolate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (December 6, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7458645.

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In this study, few-layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) was prepared using a liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method, and its thermal catalytic effects on an important kind of energetic salts, dihydroxylammonium-5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50), were investigated. Few-layered WS2 nanosheets were obtained successfully from LPE process. And the effects of the catalytic activity of the bulk and few-layered WS2 on the thermal decomposition behavior of TKX-50 were studied by using synchronous thermal analysis (STA). Moreover, the thermal analysis data was analyzed furtherly by using the thermokinetic software AKTS. The results showed the WS2 materials had an intrinsic thermal catalysis performance for TKX-50 thermal decomposition. With the few-layered WS2 added, the initial decomposition temperature and activation energy (Ea) of TKX-50 had been decreased more efficiently. A possible thermal catalysis decomposition mechanism was proposed based on WS2. Two dimensional-layered semiconductor WS2 materials under thermal excitation can promote the primary decomposition of TKX-50 by enhancing the H-transfer progress.

31

Tyanakh, Sairagul, Murzabek Baikenov, Ma Feng Yun, Tolkyn Khamitova, Nazerke Balpanova, Balzhan Tulebayeva, Aikorkem Kyzkenova, Aliya Karimova, N. Z. Rakhimzhanova, and E. V. Kochegina. "Kinetic of Oil Sludge Thermolysis Process in Presence of Nickel, Cobalt and Iron-Supported Microsilicate." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0030.

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Abstract The article is devoted to the experimental determination of thermokinetic parameters of oil sludge thermal degradation using the model-free Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method in the presence of a nanocatalyst (nickel, cobalt and iron-supported microsilicate) by calculating Arrhenius kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor). The phase composition of the reflex microsilicate was established – 4.12; 2.51 Å – SiO2, nickel-supported microsilicate reflexes: 2.09; 1.48 Å – NiO, reflexes: 4.25 Å – SiO2 and acid numbers of microsilicate – 64 μmol/g of prepared nanocatalysts. Using the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller, the specific surface area of the microsilicate was established – 18.3 ± 0.3 m2/g, the microsilicate with nickel applied – 20.9 ± 0.2 m2/g and the adsorption isotherm of the prepared nanocatalysts (microsilicate with nickel, cobalt and iron). Thermokinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of oil sludge without a catalyst and with a catalyst at an increment of 0.9 are 99.0 and 93.3 kJ/mol nickel-supported microsilicate, 51.9 kJ/mol cobalt-supported microsilicate, 111.3 kJ/mol iron-supported microsilicate and non-metal-supported microsilicate 173.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The study of the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of oil sludge using various catalysts makes it possible to assess their influence on the process of decomposition of organic components. The results of the experiments showed that the use of catalysts significantly affects the destruction of oil sludge. Dynamic thermal analysis at different heating rates studied the dynamics of oil sludge decomposition. The study of the effect of catalysts on the kinetic parameters of oil sludge pyrolysis is an important step in the development of new methods for the disposal of petroleum products and the reduction of their negative impact on the environment. The obtained experimental data on thermal degradation kinetics of oil sludge will find application in designing a reactor for the process of destructive hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials.

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Dontulwar, Jeevan, Manjiri Nagmote, and Rajesh Singru. "Thermokinetic Study of Thermal Degradation of Resin Derived from 1-Naphthol-4-sulphonic acid." Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 10, no. 6 (2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2017.00139.0.

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Zhang, Bin, Shang-Hao Liu, and Jen-Hao Chi. "Thermal hazard analysis and thermokinetic calculation of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate via TG and VSP2." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 134, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 2367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7557-4.

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Vignes, A., O. Dufaud, L. Perrin, D. Thomas, J. Bouillard, A. Janès, and C. Vallières. "Thermal ignition and self-heating of carbon nanotubes: From thermokinetic study to process safety." Chemical Engineering Science 64, no. 20 (October 2009): 4210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.06.072.

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Qing, Yan, Yi Qiang Wu, and Chun Hua Yao. "Preparation of Silicon Reinforced Poplar Wood Composites and their Thermal Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.848.

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Silicon compounds as reinforcement agents in wood modification have an increase improvement in durability, dimension-stability and photostability, fire resistance, and certain mechanical properties such as surface hardness, tensile strength. Two kinds of silicon compounds reinforced poplar wood composites were fabrication by sol-gel and dipping silicasol respectively. The thermal properties of these materials were conducted by TG, and thermokinetic models and equations in process of pyrolysis were established by Doyle calculation. Results show that wood based composites with improved fire resistance were well fabricated, and temperature scopes of thermal pyrolysis of these composites were decreased from 420 °Cto 380°C compared with poplar wood, but activation energies increased from 322.8 kJ•mol-1 to 421.1 kJ•mol-1. Wood substrate was protected for introduction of silinon compounds in certain degree.

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Khedkar, K. M., V. V. Hiwase, A. B. Kalambe, and S. D. Deosarkar. "Synthesis, Chacterization, and Thermal Study of Terpolymeric Resin Derived from m-cresol, Hexamine and Formaldehyde." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/687860.

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Terpolymeric resin was prepared from m-cresol (0.1M), hexamine (0.05M) and formaldehyde (0.2M) by acid catalyzed polycondensation method using 1M HCl in temperature range of 122-130°C.The resin was abbreviated as m-CHF-I. The molecular weight of terpolymer was determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration technique. The structure of resin was determined by its elemental analysis, UV-VIS, IR, and NMR data. The thermokinetic parameters were determined using Freeman-Carroll (FC) and Sharp Wentworth (SW) method in temperature range (410-485°C).The values of activation energies (Ea), entropy (∆S), and free energies (∆G) were in good agreement . The order of degradation reaction determined by FC method was confirmed by SW method.

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Wu, He, Na Yang, Yan Tang, Jun-Cheng Jiang, and An-Chi Huang. "Thermal Stability Evaluation of T152 Emulsifier on the Modification Influence of Fireworks Propellant." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2022): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081606.

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High-energy substances like effect propellant and propellant are used in fireworks. In the process of manufacture, transportation, and use, heat can easily get out of control. The emulsifier polyisobutene succinimide (T152) is frequently used to emulsify explosives. Given the thermal safety of the propellant in fireworks, this paper used the emulsifier T152 to emulsify the propellant. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze and test the propellant. In addition, several methods of thermokinetic calculation were used to calculate thermal stability. The thermal stability of the propellant before and after adding T152 was compared and analyzed. The test results indicate that the apparent activation energy of the propellant increases with the addition of T152. The emulsifier improved the thermal stability of the propellant. The research results can provide relevant data and suggestions for the thermal reaction of pyrotechnic propellants, thereby reducing the potential risks of the fireworks industry.

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Liu, Shang-Hao, Bin Zhang, and Chen-Rui Cao. "Assessing the thermal properties of [Bmim]NO3 through thermokinetic calculations and the energy equilibrium method." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 134 (February 2020): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.12.007.

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Liu, Shang-Hao, Chun-Ping Lin, and Chi-Min Shu. "Thermokinetic parameters and thermal hazard evaluation for three organic peroxides by DSC and TAM III." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 106, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1582-x.

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Wang, Yih-Wen, and Chieh-Yu Huang. "Thermal explosion energy evaluated by thermokinetic analysis for series- and parallel-circuit NMC lithium battery modules." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 142 (October 2020): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.06.009.

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Balpanova, N. Zh, M. I. Baikenov, A. M. Gyulmaliev, Z. B. Absat, Zh Batkhan, F. Ma, K. Su, et al. "Thermokinetic parameters of the primary coal tars destruction in the presence of catalysts and polymeric materials." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 102, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch2/86-95.

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The hydrogen-donor abilities of polymers and the activity of catalysts in the process of thermal destruction of the organic mass of primary coal tar (PCT) are studied by non-isothermal kinetics methods. PCT,magnetic microspheres, nickel-deposited chrysotilechrysotile and Fe3O4nanocatalysts were used as initial raw materials. Рolymers such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene(PS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as a hy-drogen donor. The phases Mg3[OH]4{Si2O5} and NiO were determined by X-ray phase analysis (XRD) in the obtained catalyst (nickel-deposited chrysotile), and the presence of highly dispersed nickel oxide particles on the surface and inside the nanotubes was shown by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nickel oxide particles of 8–11 nmand 30–37 nmwere evenly distributed on the surface and inside the chrysotile nanotubes. The kinetic parameters of the thermal destruction of a mixture of PCT, catalyst and polymer material were determined on the basis of thermogravimetric analysis using the integral method and the method for determin-ing the thermokinetic parameters by the inflection point on the thermogravimetric curve(TG). The change in the activation energy, rate constant and pre-exponential factor with an increase in the degree of destruction of the organic mass of the PCT is established. It was shown that the nature of polymers and catalysts significantly affects the value of the rate constant and the activation energy. The calculated activation energies of the thermal destruction of a mixture of coal tar with PS and PE in the presence of a catalyst (nickel-deposited chrysotile) by the first method are 47.6 kJ/mol and 40.4 kJ/mol, and by the second method are 47.3 kJ/mol and 86.5kJ/mol respectively.

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Gürpınar, Kübra, Yaprak Gürsoy Tuncer, Ş. Betül Sopacı, M. Abdulkadir Akay, Hasan Nazır, Ingrid Svoboda, Orhan Atakol, and Emine Kübra İnal. "Some Nitrogen Rich Energetic Material Synthesis by Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction from Polynitro Aromatic Compounds." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6904.

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Three new nitrogen-rich energetic compounds, N-(5-chloro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine (1), N-(5-chloro-2,4-dinitrophenyl) guanidine (2) and N-(5-chloro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-aminopyrazole (3) prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene with hydrazine, guanidinium carbonate and 4-aminopyrazole. The compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Only compound 2 could be prepared in a suitable crystal and molecular model was determined by X-ray analysis. Compounds were investigated by TG and DSC. Thermal degradation and thermokinetic behavior were investigated by Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose techniques. Compounds were observed to be prone to exothermical thermal decomposition. HOMO and LUMO levels, theoretical formation enthalpy and electrostatic maps were calculated by Gaussian09. The detonation velocity and pressure were calculated by Kamlet–Jacobs equation. The compounds were assayed for antimicrobial properties.

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Lalousis, P., I. B. Földes, and H. Hora. "Ultrahigh acceleration of plasma by picosecond terawatt laser pulses for fast ignition of fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000875.

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AbstractA fundamental different mechanism dominates laser interaction with picosecond-terawatt pulses in contrast to the thermal-pressure processes with ns pulses. At ps-interaction, the thermal effects are mostly diminished and the nonlinear (ponderomotive) forces convert laser energy instantly with nearly 100% efficiency into the space charge neutral electron cloud, whose motion is determined by the inertia of the attached ion cloud. These facts were realized only by steps in the past and are expressed by the ultrahigh plasma acceleration, which is more than few thousand times higher than observed by any thermokinetic mechanism. The subsequent application for side-on ignition of uncompressed fusion fuel by the ultrahigh accelerated plasma blocks is studied for the first time by using the genuine two-fluid hydrodynamics. Details of the shock-like flame propagation can be evaluated for the transition to ignition conditions at velocities near 2000 km/s for solid deuterium-tritium.

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Mrotzek, Julia, and Wolfgang Viöl. "Spectroscopic Characterization of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Used for Cold Plasma Spraying." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136814.

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Cold plasma spray, a powder deposition method by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet is a promising coating technology for use on temperature sensitive surfaces. For further improvement of this coating process, a deeper understanding of its thermokinetic properties is required. By means of optical emission spectroscopy, the plasma effluent of an atmospheric pressure nitrogen arc jet is characterized by different distances from the nozzle and different gas flow rates of 35 Lmin−1 and 45 Lmin−1. A Boltzmann plot of N2+(B-X) was used to determine rotational temperatures, which were found to be around 4000 K at the nozzle exit. Excitation temperatures, analyzed using atomic nitrogen lines, were around 6000 K for all distances. Stark broadening of the Hα-line was too weak for determination of electron density for both gas flow rates. Overall no influence on gas flow rate was found.

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Atagür, Metehan, Mehmet Sarikanat, Tuğçe Uysalman, Ozan Polat, İffet Yakar Elbeyli, Yoldaş Seki, and Kutlay Sever. "Mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic investigations on expanded perlite–filled high-density polyethylene composite." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 8 (March 26, 2018): 747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318765045.

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Perlite is a glassy amorphous volcanic rock and generally used in construction industries. Possible uses of perlite powder in polymeric composites allow producing value-added products. In this study, expanded Turkish perlite (TP) powder was characterized by particle size distribution and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. TP-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were manufactured via thermokinetic mixer by adding various weight fractions of TP powder (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) into HDPE matrix. Produced composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanic analysis, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical and thermal conductivity tests. From mechanical tests, it was observed that HDPE + 5% TP exhibited the greatest tensile strength. Flexural strength of the TP-filled HDPE composite was increased with the increasing TP content. Morphological properties of TP-filled HFPE composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy. As the weight fraction of TP was increased, storage modulus and loss modulus of the composites were increased. Moreover, the relaxation peak of HDPE was increased by the incorporation of TP into HDPE.

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Bianchi, Otávio, Patrícia Bereta Pereira, and Carlos Arthur Ferreira. "Mechanochemical Treatment in High-Shear Thermokinetic Mixer as an Alternative for Tire Recycling." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 4419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204419.

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This publication highlights the use of a high-speed thermokinetic mixer as an alternative to recycling ground tire rubber (GTR) using mechanochemical treatment. The GTR initially had a gelled fraction of 80% and presented a reduction of up to 50% of gel fraction in the most intensive condition (5145 rpm, n2). The processing condition at the lowest speed (2564 rpm, n1) resulted in greater selectivity in chain scission (K~1). However, in the most intense processing condition (10 min to n2), more significant degradation was observed via random scission, reduction in the glass transition temperature, Tg (11 °C), increase in the soluble polymeric fraction, and a more significant reduction in the density of bonds occurs. The artificial neural network could describe and correlate the thermal degradation profile with the processing conditions and the physicochemical characteristics of the GTR. The n2 velocity resulted in the formation of particles with a smoother and more continuous surface, which is related to the increase in the amount of soluble phase. The approach presented here represents an alternative to the mechanochemical treatment since it can reduce the crosslink density with selectivity and in short times (1–3 min).

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Gomes, Victor N. C., Amanda G. Carvalho, Marciano Furukava, Eliton S. Medeiros, Ciliana R. Colombo, Tomás J. A. Melo, Edcleide M. Araújo, et al. "Characterization of wood plastic composite based on HDPE and cashew nutshells processed in a thermokinetic mixer." Polymer Composites 39, no. 8 (November 10, 2016): 2662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.24257.

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Zhou, Hai-Lin, Jun-Cheng Jiang, An-Chi Huang, Yan Tang, Yang Zhang, Chung-Fu Huang, Shang-Hao Liu, and Chi-Min Shu. "Calorimetric evaluation of thermal stability and runaway hazard based on thermokinetic parameters of O,O–dimethyl phosphoramidothioate." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 75 (February 2022): 104697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104697.

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Lapshin, O. V., E. N. Boyangin, and V. E. Ovcharenko. "Thermokinetic characteristics of the final stage of the thermal shock of the 3Ni + Al + TiC powder mixture." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10573-005-0007-1.

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Yao, Chen, Ye-Cheng Liu, Jie Wu, Yan Tang, Juan Zhai, Chi-Min Shu, Jun-Cheng Jiang, Zhi-Xiang Xing, Chung-Fu Huang, and An-Chi Huang. "Thermal Stability Determination of Propylene Glycol Sodium Alginate and Ammonium Sulfate with Calorimetry Technology." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061177.

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Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate (PSS) is widely produced and used in medicine as a marine drug for treating hyperlipidemia. During the sulfonation synthesis of PSS, the sulfonation of chlorosulfonic acid is exothermic. At high temperatures, the process can easily produce a large amount of ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate adheres to PSS in crystal and participates in the sulfonation reaction. In this study, the sulfonation process of commercial PSS was reproduced in the laboratory using chlorosulfonic acid and formamide. We used differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyzer to examine the thermal stability of PSS, and we used both differential and integral conversional methods to determine the appropriate thermokinetic models for this substance. We also established an autocatalytic model to study the conversion limit time and the maximum rate time of this substance. After calculation, the activation energy of this substance is no more than 60 kJ/mol, and it has other exothermic performances at different heating rates. The results help to optimize the sulfonation process of PSS and analyze the thermal risk of PSS with ammonium sulfate.