Dissertations / Theses: 'Therapy efficacy'

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Callesen, Pia. "Efficacy of metacognitive therapy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/efficacy-of-metacognitive-therapy(45a1662f-61f4-4c0f-a734-b4e2b8e82710).html.

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This PhD investigated the efficacy of individual therapies for depression and went on to test metacognitive therapy (MCT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) in individual therapy and in transdiagnostic groups consisting of a range of disordersStudy 1 included a systematic review of meta-analyses comparing the effects of individual therapy for MDD across studies. The findings show small to moderate effect sizes between g=0.25 to d= 0.69 and recovery rates 34% to 47.9% for ITT analyses. However, studies are biased and lack objective definitions of recovery, remission and clinically meaningful change which makes comparisons across studies challenging. Study 2 aimed to test MCT in a single case study with four depressed Danes in an outpatient setting. Three out of four patients reached recovery levels (BDI-II smaller or equal to 8) in only five to eleven sessions and all four patients were recovered at 6-months follow-up. Study 3 involved a large randomised clinical trial (n= 153) in which the effect of MCT was compared to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for MDD. Patients were allocated to up to 24 sessions of treatment and were assessed at pre, post and 6 months follow-up on primary and secondary measures. The mean number of sessions were significantly lower for MCT (5.5; SD = 2.4 versus 6.7; SD = 4.7) and MCT showed a higher completion rate (73.6% versus 65.4%). Both treatments were associated with significant improvements in depression measured with the HDRS and BDI-II. MCT was superior in its effects on the BDI-II and on secondary measures, showing a clear advantage of MCT. . Large ES were detected in both MCT and CBT. Using Jacobson and Truax (1991) criteria revealed that 76% reached recovery levels at post-treatment in MCT whereas 54% reached recovery in CBT. These findings were maintained for both conditions at 6-months follow-up. Study 4 evaluated the effect of MCT in a 6-week treatment protocol for mixed groups of diagnosis in an open trial (n= 131). Significant improvements were observed in outcomes and 85% of patients were reliably improved at post-treatment as measured on the HADS. These findings were maintained at follow- up and the treatment appeared effective in both anxious and depressed cases. In conclusion existing treatments for depression are effective but there is much room for increasing efficacy. MCT appeared more effective than a current treatment of choice; CBT in depression. MCT was also associated with significant improvement in anxiety and depression in patients in a transdiagnostic group setting. The results support the future study and implementation of MCT as an effective treatment option.

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Nicholson, E. K. "Enhancing the efficacy of TCR gene therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418205/.

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TCR gene therapy allows redirection of the antigen specificity of T cells by the introduction of novel TCR α and β chains by retroviral transduction. These TCR gene modified T cells can be adoptively transferred to target defined tumour antigens. The majority of TCR gene therapy studies has focused on the adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells but there is increasing recognition of a central role for CD4+ T cells in effective immunotherapy protocols. The use of CD4+ T cells has been limited by the lack of well defined class II restricted TCR and also because the majority of tumours don’t express class II MHC. As a result research has focused on introducing class I restricted TCR into CD4+ T cells. Initial work has demonstrated that class I restricted CD4+ T cells often have reduced functional avidity compared to the parental CD8+ T cell. In particular, CD4+ T cells transduced with CD8 dependent TCRs are often of much lower functional avidity when introduced in the absence of a CD8 co-receptor. In order to improve the functional avidity of class I restricted CD4+ T cells, murine CD4+ T cells were co-transduced with F5 TCR (specific for influenza peptide, NP, in the context of H2-Kb) and additional CD3 molecules. The amount of CD3 within in a cell is rate limiting for the expression of introduced TCR and thus when cells are transduced with additional CD3 it removes this rate limiting step and thus enhances the surface expression of the TCR. TCR surface expression is one of the key determinants of T cell functional avidity. CD4+ T cells co-transduced with F5- TCR and CD3 had increased surface expression of F5-TCR and increased pentamer binding. This translated in vitro into increased functional avidity compared to CD4+ T cells transduced with F5-TCR only. When adoptively transferred in vivo into irradiated tumour bearing syngeneic recipients, F5- TCR + CD3 CD4+ T cells had greater expansion and persistence and trafficked to the tumour site at higher and faster rates than F5-TCR only CD4+ T cells. In addition, F5-CD3 CD4+ T cells demonstrated superior control of tumour growth. Unexpectedly mice that received adoptive transfer of F5-TCR + CD3 CD4+ T cells developed marked lethal toxicity. Further experiments to try to determine the nature of this toxicity suggest a multifactorial cause including mispairing of the introduced TCR α and β chains with the endogenous TCR and development of autoreactive T cells in the presence of additional CD3 mediated either by upregulation of the introduced TCR or the endogenous TCR.

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Yang, Jie. "Prediction of combination efficacy in cancer therapy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prediction-of-combination-efficacy-in-cancer-therapy(1b49824b-9d5f-4d21-89d7-6160a810d05e).html.

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The cell cycle is an essential process in all living organisms that must be carefully regulated to ensure successful cell growth and division. Disregulation of the cell cycle is a key contributing factor towards the formation of cancerous cells. Understanding events at a cellular level is the first step towards comprehending how cancer manifests at an organismal level. Mathematical modelling can be used as a means of formalising and predicting the behaviour of the biological systems involved in cancer. In response, cell cycle models have been constructed to simulate and predict what happens to the mammalian cell over a time course in response to variable parameters.Current cell cycle models rarely account for certain precursors of cell growth such as energy usage and the need for non-essential amino acids as fundamental building blocks of macromolecules. Normal and cancer cell metabolism differ in the way they derive energy from glucose. In addition, normal and cancer cells also demonstrate different levels of gene expression. Two versions of a mammalian cell cycle and metabolism model, based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that respond to fluctuations in glucose concentration levels, have been developed here for the normal and cancer cell scenarios. Sensitivity analysis is performed for both normal and cancer cells using these cell cycle and metabolism models to investigate which kinetic reaction steps have a greater effect over the cell cycle period. Detailed analysis of the models and quantitatively assessing metabolite levels at various stages of the cell cycle may offer novel insights into how the glycolytic rate varies during the cell cycle for both normal and cancer cells.The results of the sensitivity analysis are used to identify potential drug targets in cancer therapy. Combinations of these individual targets are also investigated to compare the different effects of single and multiple drug compounds on the time it takes to complete a cell division cycle.

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Hall, Courtney D. "Efficacy of Gaze Stability Exercises." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/582.

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Ware, Lisa M. "Efficacy of in-home parent-child interaction therapy." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4669.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-58).

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Augustin, Michael J. "Patient-Relativity and the Efficacy of Epicurean Therapy." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/104.

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According to Epicurus, philosophy’s sole task is to ensure the well-being of the soul. Human souls are often riddled with diseases; the most serious are the fear of the gods and the fear of death. Thus, the Epicureans offered several arguments designed to demonstrate that, for instance, “death is nothing to us,” and should therefore not be feared. Since their creation there has been much discussion, both in antiquity and by contemporary philosophers, about these arguments. In this thesis, I argue that Epicurean philosophical arguments are patient-relative; they necessarily adapt themselves so as to be therapeutically effective for their intended audience. The end result is that when we evaluate Epicurean philosophical arguments, we must do so in light of the audience for whom they were intended.

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Rhéaume, Agathe. "Bilingual aphasia : efficacy and generalization of bilingual therapy." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61335.

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The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of bilingual therapy on the naming skills of a bilingual aphasic patient. The nature of the word-finding difficulties of a French-English bilingual aphasic subject was assessed. Theory-based anomia therapy was administered to the patient first in English and then in French to explore within- and across-language treatment effects. General language skills were also assessed before and after therapy. Results revealed significant improvement in naming of treated words, but very limited generalization to untreated items in only one of the languages. Transfer of therapy effects from treated to untreated language was not observed. Findings are discussed in relation to the efficacy of bilingual therapy; implications for models of bilingual lexical organization are considered.

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Dhaliwal, Harpreet K. "Immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune hepatitis : efficacy and toxicity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19896/.

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Introduction: Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver that, if untreated, leads to cirrhosis and death from liver failure. The mainstay of treatment is with prednisolone and azathioprine. Evidence has recently emerged that long-term survival, even in treated AIH, is reduced, thus raising the possibility that the current standard regimen is not adequately controlling disease activity. Aims: The aim of this study was to firstly, assess the efficacy and toxicity of current immunosuppressive regimens with specific reference to induction of histological remission. Secondly, to study the clinical significance of azathioprine metabolites, TPMT and ITPA genetic polymorphisms, in an attempt to improve clinical efficacy of azathioprine. Thirdly, to study the efficacy of mycophenolate (MMF) as an alternative to azathioprine. Results: 46% of patients with treated AIH who achieved biochemical remission had persisting histological activity and these patients were at higher risk of death/transplantation compared to patients who achieved histological remission (SMR 1.4 vs. 0.7; p < 0.05). Adverse events with AZA occurred in 27% of patients, with drug withdrawal in 21%. TGN, the active AZA metabolite, accumulates gradually, takes eight weeks to achieve steady state and dose increase of AZA is associated with increase in TGN, but not in a predictable manner. TGN values of > 220 pmol/8x108 RBCs were significantly associated with AIH remission. There was no association observed between TPMT heterozygosity and the occurrence of AZA related adverse events. Patients with the ITPA variant alleles associated with severe ITPase deficiency were significantly more likely to develop AZA induced adverse events. Finally, for patients who are intolerant to AZA, MMF is a suitable alternative with comparable remission rates. Conclusion: The results suggest that the current immunosuppressive regimen is inadequately controlling disease activity in a significant number of patients. Measurement of AZA metabolites may be helpful in these patients.

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Maiwald, Amber. "Moral Reconation Therapy: Efficacy and Predictors of Dropout." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1588189796602916.

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Seagram, Belinda Crawford. "Efficacy of solution-focused therapy with young offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ22928.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1997. Graduate Programme in Psychology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-249). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ22928.

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PUZZO, Francesco. "Safety and efficacy of gene therapy for Pompe disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488225.

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La malattia di Pompe è una malattia neuromuscolare grave causata da mutazioni nell’enzima lisosomiale -glucosidasi acida (GAA), le quali determinano l'accumulo patologico di glicogeno in tutti i tessuti. La terapia di sostituzione enzimatica (ERT) è disponibile per la suddetta malattia, ma essa ha solo una limitata efficacia, mentre mostra un’elevata immunogenicità, e non riesce a correggere gruppi di tessuti muscolari e nervosi più refrattari alla cross-csorrezione. Usando l'analisi bioinformatica e ingegnerizzando l’enzima, abbiamo sviluppato transgeni GAA secrenibili per una maggiore cross-correzione della malattia di Pompe tramite virus adeno associati (AAV) attraverso l’espressione epato-specifica della GAA. I topi Pompe sono stati trattati con vettori AAV ottimizzati per l'espressione dei transgeni secrenibili della GAA e fatto un follow-up di 10 mesi. Il trasferimento genico ha evidenziato una correzione dose e tempo dipendente di entrambi i difetti biochimici e funzionali nei muscoli, sistema nervoso centrale e del midollo spinale, con normalizzazione di ipertrofia cardiaca, muscolare e funzione respiratoria, e la sopravvivenza indistinguibile dai topi wild-type. In questi esperimenti, transgeni GAA secernibili hanno mostrato un’efficacia terapeutica superiore e decisamente una bassa immunogenicità rispetto alla loro controparte GAA non secreta. La dimostrazione di un grande potenziale terapeutico e’ evidenziata dal fatto che l’AAV iniettato in primati era in grado di eprimere e secernere discreti livelli di GAA in circolo, ed utilizzando nuovi serotipi di AAV potevamo esprimere la GAA anche in epatociti primari. Considerando che l'immunogenicità della -glucosidasi acida ricombinante (rhGAA) nella terapia enzimatica sostitutiva (ERT) è un problema cosi come l'efficacia nella gestione della malattia di Pompe nei pazienti adulti (LOPD), effetti a lungo termine del ERT sulle risposte umorali e cellulari alla GAA sono ancora poco compresi. Per capire meglio l'impatto dell’immunogenicità del rhGAA sull'efficacia della ERT, dati clinici e campioni di sangue di pazienti LOPD sottoposti a ERT per più di 4 anni o non trattati sono stati raccolti e analizzati. Nei pazienti trattati LOPD, anticorpi anti-GAA avevano un picco entro i primi 1000 giorni di ERT, mentre l'esposizione a lungo termine per rhGAA comportava una clearance degli anticorpi con una produzione residua di IgG non neutralizzanti. Analisi di risposte delle cellule T al rhGAA mostravano una rilevabile reattività delle cellule T solo dopo una ristimolazione in vitro. Incremento di diverse citochine e chemochine era rilevabile sia in soggetti LOPD trattati e non trattati, mentre la secrezione di IL-2 era rilevabile solo nei soggetti che avevano ricevuto ERT. Questi risultati indicano che l’ERT a lungo termine in pazienti LOPD comporta una diminuzione dei titoli anticorpali ed una produzione residua di IgG non inibitorie. Una risposta immunitaria alla GAA a lungo termine in soggetti sottoposti a ERT non sembra influenzare l'efficacia della terapia e sono coerenti con un effetto immunomodulante eventualmente mediata da cellule T regolatorie.
Pompe disease is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal enzyme acid -glucosidase (GAA), which result in the pathological accumulation of glycogen in all tissues. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available for Pompe disease, however it has only limited efficacy, high immunogenicity, and fails to correct nervous tissue and muscle groups more refractory to cross-correction. Using bioinformatics analysis and protein engineering, we developed secretable GAA transgenes for enhanced cross-correction of Pompe disease via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector liver gene transfer. Pompe mice were treated with AAV vectors optimized for hepatic expression of secretable GAA transgenes and followed for up to 10 months post-gene transfer. Gene transfer resulted in dose- and time- dependent whole-body correction of both the biochemical and functional defects in muscle, central nervous system and spinal cord, with normalization of cardiac hypertrophy, muscle and respiratory function, and survival undistinguishable from wild-type littermates. In these experiments, secretable GAA transgenes showed superior therapeutic efficacy and markedly low immunogenicity compared with their native GAA counterpart. Scale up to non-human primates, and modeling of GAA expression in primary hepatocytes using novel AAV vector serotypes, demonstrate the therapeutic potential of AAV vector-mediated liver expression of secretable GAA transgenes, and support the feasibility of the approach in Pompe patients. Considering that immunogenicity of recombinant human acid-alpha glucosidase (rhGAA) in enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a safety and efficacy concern in the management of late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), long-term effects of ERT on humoral and cellular responses to GAA are still poorly understood. To better understand the impact of immunogenicity of rhGAA on the efficacy of ERT, clinical data and blood samples from LOPD patients undergoing ERT for more than 4 years or untreated were collected and analyzed. In treated LOPD patients, anti-GAA antibodies peaked within the first 1000 days of ERT, while long-term exposure to rhGAA resulted in clearance of antibodies with residual production of non-neutralizing IgG. Analysis of T cell responses to rhGAA showed detectable T cell reactivity only after in vitro restimulation. Upregulation of several cytokines and chemokines was detectable both treated and untreated LOPD subjects, while IL2 secretion was detectable only in subjects who received ERT. These results indicate that long-term ERT in LOPD patients results in a decrease in antibody titers and residual production of non-inhibitory IgGs. Immune responses to GAA following long-term ERT do not seem to affect efficacy of ERT and are consistent with an immunomodulatory effect possibly mediated by regulatory T cells.

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Donahue, Patricia A. "Efficacy study of brief Morita therapy intervention with shy adolescents." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28035.

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The study examines the change effect of brief Morita counseling, based on Morita therapy, as an intervention with shy adolescent females (n = 12). The design used was a multiple-baseline across subjects with a time lag for treatment intervention. Subjects were selected from the mainstream student body at a Vancouver secondary school following screening with the Cheek and Buss (1981) Shyness Scale used in identifying shyness in individuals. Eligible students were randomly assigned to one of three groups each consisting of four subjects. The intervention consisted of 4 - 45 minute instructional-type group counseling sessions conducted over a 4-week period. Repeated measures were administered bi-weekly throughout the study period of 14 weeks. Clearly noticable changes in the positive direction occurred for the majority of subjects on almost all sub-scales. Subjects in the post-intervention phase reported greater coping effectiveness in their target situations, greater acceptance of their shy nature, less intensity of, and disturbance by anxious feelings and less difficulty in taking desired action despite anxiety. Behavioral counts taken pre- and post-intervention also support the positive change findings. Implications for further research are discussed.
Education, Faculty of
Graduate

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Waters, Cerith. "Acceptance and commitment therapy : efficacy and mechanisms of therapeutic action." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/37760/.

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The individual, organisational and societal impact of psychological distress among working populations is well established. Recently, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been identified as a promising approach for improving the psychological wellbeing of distressed employees. Nonetheless, few studies have examined the efficacy of ACT in the occupational context and even fewer studies have conducted comprehensive tests of the mechanisms of therapeutic action in ACT. The current research examined the efficacy of a one day ACT intervention that was delivered to NHS employees experiencing psychological distress. A key focus of this research was an examination of the mechanisms of therapeutic action in ACT. In study one, a non-randomised controlled design was used with 17 participants assigned to the ACT intervention and 18 participants assigned to a waiting list. A two-week and three-month follow-up period was used in this study. Participants originally assigned to the waiting list went on to receive the intervention after the three month follow-up and were again assessed at two-weeks and three-months post-treatment. In study two, six of the participants were interviewed about their views on the aspects of the ACT intervention that promoted psychological changes and their responses were analysed thematically. Compared to the control group, participants who received the intervention displayed statistically significant reductions in the severity of psychological distress at two-weeks and three-months post-treatment. Importantly, the majority of participants displayed clinically significant change at both assessments. In line with ACT’s theoretical underpinnings, the intervention significantly increased participants’ psychological flexibility and mindfulness skills and decreased cognitive fusion. However, in a multiple-mediator statistical analysis, improvements in psychological distress were only mediated by improvements in psychological flexibility. The themes generated from the thematic analysis converge with the quantitative data—resembling closely the construct of psychological flexibility. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.

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McNair, Fiona Isobel. "Photodynamic therapy : pH-dependence; anti-viral efficacy; and culture systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301845.

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Reed, Robin A. "Premenstrual syndrome : the comparative efficacy of three group therapy interventions /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583620823.

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Peebles, Larry Mason. "Improving self-efficacy in college students: A modified adventure therapy program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5443/.

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Adventure therapy employs a technique in which therapists use controlled amounts of stress to bring about change in the behavior of clients. One of the domains in which adventure therapy reports improvement is that of self-efficacy. Perceived self-efficacy is the belief that individuals have in their ability to overcome and change their situation in life. This study examines the effect of a modified adventure therapy program on the perceived self-efficacy of college students who were enrolled in an Outdoor Pursuits course at a major metropolitan university. Students received 16 weeks of outdoor adventure therapy programming that culminated in a voluntary weekend camping trip. The students were administered the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale on the second day of class to determine a baseline level of self-efficacy to be compared to the posttest completed on the last day of class. The study examined 3 consecutive semesters of archival data collected by the researcher while instructing the course. Fifty-six participants across the 3 semesters were usable for data analysis. The results show there is a significant difference between students' level of perceived self-efficacy from pre- to posttest, and no difference in the effect on gender, classification of students, or the participation of the student in the weekend campout. Therefore, the 16 week program improved students' perceived self-efficacy regardless of whether or not they participated in the weekend campout.

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Bannon, Erin E. "The Efficacy of Acceptance Based Behavior Therapy Versus Cognitive Therapy for Test Anxiety and Working Memory Performance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510866677089178.

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Brandt, Marielle Aloyse. "An Investigation of the Efficacy of Play Therapy with Young Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2184/.

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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of play therapy as a method of intervention for children with a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. Specifically, the study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of play therapy in: (a) improving self-concepts of children with adjustment difficulties; (b) reducing internalizing behavior problems, such as withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety, and depression; (c) reducing externalizing behavioral problems such as aggression and delinquent behaviors; (d) reducing overall behavior problems, social problems, thought problems, and attention problems of children with adjustment difficulties; and (e) reducing parenting stress of parents of children who were experiencing adjustment difficulties.The experimental group consisted of 15 children who were experiencing a variety of adjustment difficulties and received play therapy once per week for 7 to 10 weeks. The control group consisted of 14 children who were experiencing a variety of adjustment difficulties and who were on a waiting list to receive intervention, and therefore, did not receive any treatment during the time of data collection. Experimental and control group children were administered the Joseph Pre-School and Primary Self-Concept Screening Test and parents of all participants completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Parenting Stress Index at pretest and posttest data collection times. A gain scores analysis revealed that children in the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement on internalizing behavior problems. Also, a reduction in externalizing behavior problems and parenting stress was observed. No improvement in self-concept was demonstrated. This study provides evidence that play therapy is a viable intervention for treating a variety of emotional and behavioral difficulties in young children, particularly children who are experiencing internalizing behavior problems.

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Cavasinni, Christine. "A Study of Art Therapy in Identity Exploration and Self-Efficacy." Thesis, Notre Dame de Namur University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10689764.

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This paper illustrates the impact of an 8-week art therapy regimen on the perceived self-efficacy of participants seeking dual diagnosis treatment for the Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). It was hypothesized that pre- and post-test results of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAIAD), and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) would reflect an increase in perceived self efficacy, and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms. The STAIAD and QIDS-SR were included in the study as indicators of well-being. The regimen was designed by the student researcher and focused on identity exploration through the lens of Humanistic theory. The regimen is outlined week-by-week, illustrative case studies and group responses are described, and empirical assessment of the regimen?s efficacy is provided. Discussion focuses on the significance of results obtained and the need for further research. Paired samples testing showed an increase in perceived self-efficacy and decreases in anxious and depressed symptoms, as predicted. Small population size meant that these results were not statistically significant. However, qualitative results indicate that participants found the 8-week regimen helpful. Participants vocalized a belief that art-making provided emotional release through externalization, a tool for self-expression, and a source of pride in Self. Jungian concepts presented also resonated with participants, with some sharing with the group regarding ways in which these concepts related to themselves and provided groundwork and structure for understanding the Self.

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Seddon, Lesley. "The comparative efficacy of counselling and complementary therapy in cancer care." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274244.

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Leslie, Rosalind. "Assessing efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation exercise therapy in heart failure patients." Thesis, University of Chester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/613538.

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Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is considered routine practice for patients following an acute cardiac event or surgical intervention. Although there is a seemingly strong evidence base supporting it for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), provision in the UK remains poor for this patient group. In addition, data for CHF patients reported in key CR reviews and meta-analyses are not a true representation of the UKs CHF population. The transferability of current evidence into actual practice settings in the UK therefore remains incongruous. Rationale and aims: Study outcomes have typically included an increase in VO2 peak/ VO2 max, a decrease in natriuretic peptides, improved left ventricular function and improved health related quality of life (QoL). Access to facilities and equipment, such as cardiopulmonary exercise testing equipment is limited in the UK for the majority of CR services thus an alternative means of assessment and exercise prescription is required. The recommended alternative for testing CHF patients is the six-minute walk test (6MWT); this requires a given space and a full practice test, the latter which adds to valuable clinical and staff time available. Methods: The first set of studies of this thesis therefore investigated two adapted assessment procedures for use with CHF patients: i. the use of a shorter practice walk test of two minutes vs six minutes prior to a 6MWT and ii. the use of the space saving Chester step test with an adapted lower step height protocol to accommodate the anticipated lower fitness in CHF (4-inch vs 6-inch). Having determined a more practical and efficient means of assessing exercise capacity in CHF patients, this thesis then used the 6MWT to evaluate the efficacy of a typically recommended 12-week programme (for the UK) of exercise-based rehabilitation. It was the aim of this PhD to also combine the use of the Chester step test with cardiopulmonary measures as a corresponding physiological outcome in a sub-sample of participants; however due to resource problems, only validation of the low-step protocol was possible. In the main intervention study, the efficacy of a 12-week course of supervised moderate intensity exercise in CHF patients (ejection fraction <44%, NYHA class II to III) was then evaluated. For purposes of evaluating safety and recovery of any acute myocardial stress induced by exercise in CHF, a sub-group study was performed to evaluate the influence of an acute exercise session on two-day post-exercise levels of circulating NT-proBNP. Results: In this current suite of studies, participants were more representative of the UK CHF population than typically reported in the current evidence. Their profile involved a median age of 76 ± 16 years (mean: 67 years and range: 30 to 84 years). 98% of whom were prescribed beta-blockers, 66% were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and 98% had two or more co-morbidities. Study 1 (Chapter 3a) verified the efficacy of a two-minute practice walk in comparison to the recommended six-minute practice walk prior to performing a baseline 6MWT in patients with CHF. Study 2 (Chapter 3b) demonstrated that a 4-inch Chester step test is a reliable assessment when space is an issue, but the criterion validity of the actual oxygen costs at each stage compared with those estimated in healthy populations were significantly lower than recommended estimations from healthy populations. Study 3 (Chapter 4) revealed individual variability in the acute response of NT-proBNP release to exercise that is worthy of further study. However the NT-proBNP data overall did not suggest a need for ‘rest days’ between exercise training sessions. The main intervention study (Study 4, Chapter 5) demonstrated a significant improvement in 6MWT performance responses, compared with control, where an increased walking distance of 25 m (p < .0001) was coupled with a reduction in heart-rate-walking speed index (T1 16.3 ± 7.3 vs T2 15.3 ± 8.7 beats per 10 walked; p < .0001). Perceptually, patients were walking faster for the same rating of perceived exertion (RPE 12 to 13). This improved aerobic functioning coincided with an improved NYHA class (T1 2.3 ± .5 vs T2 1.8 ± .6; p < .0001); however there was no change in resting NT-proBNP levels after 12 weeks. Patients in the “control group” who then went on to be offered the same 12-week intervention achieved similar outcomes, but delaying their commencement of an exercise programme by 12 weeks negatively impacted on participation uptake. Key findings and conclusions: These results have demonstrated that exercise training in CHF can lead to an improvement in both physical and perceived functioning (NYHA class). In light of some previous studies showing decreases in BNP following an exercise programme and others like this one showing no change, further questions are raised about the effect of different types and doses of activity being offered to CHF patients and the responsiveness to training of different types of patients (disease severity and demographics). The nature of the cross-over design of this study revealed that delayed commencement of exercise negatively affects participation uptake by patients, which supports current UK standards in aiming for early referral to CR.

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Koes, Bart Willem. "Efficacy of manual therapy and physiotherapy for back and neck complaints." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1992. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5691.

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Bie, Robert Adriaan de. "Efficacy of 904 NM laser therapy in acute lateral ankle sprains." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6059.

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Tew, Kristi L. (Kristi Lee). "The Efficacy of Filial Therapy with Families with Chronically Ill Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277594/.

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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Filial Therapy as a method of intervention with families with chronically ill children. Filial Therapy is an intervention that focuses on strengthening and enhancing the parent-child relationship. Parents are trained to become the agents of change for their children's behaviors by utilizing basic child-centered play therapy skills in weekly play sessions. The purpose of this study was to a) determine the effectiveness in decreasing parental stress, b) determine the effectiveness in increasing parental acceptance, and c) determine the effectiveness in decreasing problematic behaviors in the chronically ill child as assessed by their parents.

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Phillips, Shannon N. "An Examination of the Efficacy of Sensory Integration in Occupational Therapy." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1440335313.

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Shiau, Shwu-Huey. "Clinical and Educational Efficacy of a University-Based Biofeedback Therapy Clinic." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4391/.

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This study is a qualitative analysis and a quantitative analysis of all peripheral biofeedback client data files of the University of North Texas Biofeedback Research and Training Laboratory since its establishment in 1991 and through the year of 2002. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and educational efficacy of the BRTL. Clients' electromyography and temperature measures, self-report of homework relaxation exercises and progress, and the pre- and post-Stress Signal Checklist were reviewed and analyzed. In regard to clinical efficacy, results indicate statistically significant changes in both temperature training and muscle tension training as a whole group. When divided into subtypes based on the clients' primary presenting problem, findings indicate statistical significance in chronic pain, tension headache, and temporomandibular jaw pain on temperature training, and show statistical significance in chronic pain, tension headache, hypertension, migraine headache, stress, and temporomandibular jaw pain on muscle tension training. When analyzing the Stress Signal Checklist, only 25% of clients had complete information on both pre- and post-Stress Signal Checklist. For these 25%, 87.5% reported symptoms decreased. When reviewing the clients' self-reported progress in therapist's session notes, there is no procedure for computing a treatment success to failure ratio due to the inconsistency of therapists in recording clients' statements. This study also identifies three basic biofeedback learning curves that show how people learn self-regulation skills in biofeedback therapy: 1) steady state and trainable (low variability), 2) phasic state and trainable (high variability), and 3) phasic state and low trainable (high variability).

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Quiran, Lesley Vanessa. "Parental Views on the Perceived Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/198.

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The purpose of this study was to explore parental views on the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy. Research indicates that early intervention and prevention is essential when treating children with disruptive behaviors. Intervening at an early age prevents the disruptive behaviors from progressing into more complex disorders that can occur in the teenage and adult years. This study utilized a quantitative method to better understand if parents identified as parent-child interaction therapy as effective. This study consisted of 29 parent-child dyads that had completed parent-child interaction therapy and reported their satisfaction with parent-child interaction therapy through the use of parent-stress index scores. Results indicated that parent-child interaction therapy was viewed as successful by parents. However, success of parent-child interaction therapy is only applicable to certain domains that were chosen in this study; limiting the generalizability of overall success of parent-child interaction therapy. Parent-child interaction therapy has shown success in strengthening the parent-child dyad and decreasing disruptive behaviors such as distractibility and hyperactivity. It is recommended that parent-child interaction therapy continue to be utilized by professionals and focus on all the domains rather than selected domains.

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Levy, Audrey G. "Self-efficacy and outcome : do they correlate in fibromyalgia?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64390.pdf.

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Hackney, Madeleine E., Courtney D. Hall, Katharina V. Echt, and Steven L. Wolf. "Dancing for Balance: Feasibility and Efficacy in Oldest-Old Adults With Visual Impairment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/554.

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Background: Fall risk increases with age and visual impairment, yet the oldest-old adults (>85 years) are rarely studied. Partnered dance improves mobility, balance, and quality of life in older individuals with movement impairment. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and participant satisfaction of an adapted tango program amongst these oldest-old adults with visual impairment. Exploratory analyses were conducted to determine efficacy of the program in improving balance and gait. Methods: In a repeated-measures, one-group experimental design, 13 older adults (7 women; age: M = 86.9 years, SD = 5.9 years, range = 77–95 years) with visual impairment (best eye acuity: M = 0.63, SD = 0.6 logMAR) participated in an adapted tango program of twenty 1.5-hour lessons, within 11 weeks. Feasibility included evaluation of facility access, safety, volunteer assistant retention, and participant retention and satisfaction. Participants were evaluated for balance, lower body strength, and quality of life in two baseline observations, immediately after the program and 1 month later. Results: Twelve participants completed the program. The facility was adequate, no injuries were sustained, and participants and volunteers were retained throughout. Participants reported enjoyment and improvements in physical well-being. Exploratory measures of dynamic postural control (p < .001), lower body strength (p = .056), and general vision-related quality of life (p = .032) scores showed improvements following training. Discussion: These older individuals with visual impairment benefitted from 30 hours of tango instruction adapted for their capabilities.

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Hansson, Emma K. "Pharmacometric Models for Biomarkers, Side Effects and Efficacy in Anticancer Drug Therapy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-170738.

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New approaches quantifying the effect of treatment are needed in oncology to improve the drug development process and to enable treatment optimization for existing therapies. This thesis focuses on the development of pharmacometric models for biomarkers, side effects and efficacy in order to identify predictors of clinical response in anti-cancer drug therapy. The variability in myelosuppression was characterized in six different cytotoxic anticancer treatments to evaluate a model-based dose individualization approach utilizing neutrophil counts as a biomarker. The estimated impact of inter-occasion variability was relatively low in relation to the inter-individual variability, indicating that myelosuppression is predictable from one treatment course to another. The approach may thereby be useful for dose optimization within an individual. To further study and to identify predictors for the severe side effect febrile neutropenia (FN), the relationship between the shape of the myelosuppression time-course and the probability of FN was characterized. Patients with a rapid decline in neutrophil counts and high drug sensitivity were identified to have a higher probability of developing FN compared with other patients who experience grade 4 neutropenia. Predictors of clinical response in patients receiving sunitinib for the treatment of gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST) were identified by the development of an integrated modeling framework. Drug exposure, biomarkers, tumor dynamics, side effects and overall survival (OS) were linked in a unified structure, and univariate and multivariate exposure variables were tested for their predictive capacities. The soluble biomarker, sVEGFR-3 and tumor size at start of treatment were found to be promising predictors of overall survival, with decreased sVEGFR-3 levels and smaller baseline tumor size being predictive of longer OS. Also hypertension and neutropenia was identified as predictors of OS. The developed modeling framework may be useful to monitor clinical response, optimize dosing in sunitinib and to facilitate dose individualization.

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Crane, Bayley. "Efficacy of Gene Therapy in Dogs with Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03202009-163526/.

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Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are inherited metabolic disorders that affect glycogen use and storage. People with GSD Ia lack the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). As a result, these people are unable to convert liver glycogen to free glucose and develop severe hypoglycemia. Patients with GSD also develop growth retardation, hepatomegaly, renomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlactacidemia. No cure for GSD Ia currently exists. Patients are treated symptomatically with repeated naso-gastric feedings and glucose infusions to maintain normal blood glucose concentrations. Despite treatment, the underlying enzymatic defect remains. Gene therapy holds the promise of correcting this metabolic defect, thus providing a true cure for GSD Ia. Gene therapy uses modified virus particles to deliver a replacement functional G6Pase gene to the patientâs liver. Our group is using two viral vectors, adeno-associated virus (AAV) and helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd), for gene therapy in dogs with an inheritable form of GSD Ia. We have treated three GSD Ia dogs with the AAV vector and two GSD Ia dogs with the HDAd vector. Vector-treated dogs were able to maintain normal blood glucose concentrations and unlike their untreated counterparts, survived for several years. These promising results provide hope that gene therapy may emerge as an effective treatment for people with GSD Ia.

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Lambert, J. R. A. "Less is more : the efficacy of gene therapy to treat Fabry disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044817/.

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Fabry disease (FD) is caused by mutation in GLA that encodes lysosomal α-galactosidase-A (α-gal-A). Loss of α-gal-A leads to glycosphingolipid storage in cells. Symptoms are life-threatening and current treatment is often enzyme replacement with variable therapeutic benefit. Alternative therapies are required. The world’s first clinical gene therapy trial was recently approved using lentivirus to integrate GLA into target cells for long-term enzyme expression. This thesis examined the efficacy of a previously engineered lenti-vector which may inform design of future trials. Endogenous α-galA activity was characterised in human and murine tissues. The Jurkat lymphoblastic leukaemia cell-line exhibited low α-gal-A activity. Transduction of Jurkats resulted in dose-dependent increase of α-galA expression, without apparent toxicity. The enzyme produced by cells with 0.4 transgene copies per cell (vg/cell) had comparable kinetic properties to wild type. Increasing exposure to 1.8vg/cell resulted in an apparent increase in Michaelis Constant when compared to wild type. Therefore less virus dosage may be more therapeutically efficient. Increasing intracellular α-galA activity was accompanied by increased enzyme secretion and uptake of the extracellular enzyme into wild-type Jurkats, indicating cross-correction between cells. Previous research found deficits in mitochondrial function in FD. Here, inhibition of respiratory chain complex I appeared not to effect either lentivirus transduction efficiency or uptake of extracellular α-galA, but inhibited enzyme secretion. So FD may impede cross-correction. Extending the work into patient fibroblasts, this thesis found suggestion of reduced growth rate and impaired transduction efficiency. If correct these results may indicate the metabolic deficiencies in FD extend beyond complex I deficiency. In conclusion, lentivirus-mediated gene delivery is a promising therapeutic option for FD. However, excessive enzyme generation could result in a protein that has inferior kinetic properties, so dosage requires optimisation. Therapeutic strategies to support mitochondrial function may promote efficacy of treatment.

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LUTZ, MANDY J. "LISTENING THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TINNITUS: EFFICACY WITH MILD VERSUS SEVERE CASES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054224482.

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Masse, Joshua J. "Examining the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy with high-functioning autism." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10353.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 170 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-112).

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Lutz, Mandy J. "Listening therapy in patients with tinnitus efficacy with mild versus severe cases /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=1054224482.

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Salerno, Jacqueline. "Efficacy, Risks, and Ethics of Aversive or Positive Therapy in Identical Twins." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6946.

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Aversion therapy has reemerged as a treatment for self-injurious behavior (SIB) but remains unpopular, as it is perceived to be unethical. The purpose of this mixed-methods sequential explanatory study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive therapy and aversion therapy in the treatment of twins with SIB as well as to understand the lived experiences of their caretakers regarding treatment ethics. The frameworks used included classical and operant conditioning as well as utilitarian ethics theory. Quantitative research questions focused on changes in SIB, aggressive and prosocial behaviors with treatment, while the qualitative research question focused on the perceptions of caretakers regarding treatment. The quantitative component used a case study design and archived data from 2 U.S.-based treatment centers. The qualitative component included essay-type questionnaires for family members and caretakers regarding perceptions of the different therapies. The quantitative data that was obtained measured different behaviors that were not comparable. The twin in aversion therapy demonstrated aggressive behaviors that decreased with treatment, while the twin in positive therapy demonstrated positive behaviors that showed little to no change. Caretaker and family reports were consistent with the quantitative data, and family members considered aversion therapy ethical because they perceived it to be effective in treating SIBs. They also perceived it as ethically preferable to the use of large amounts of medication. Findings suggest that aversion therapy may be effective and ethical. Implications for positive social include potential continued research on aversion therapy to enhance treatment outcomes for individuals with SIB, and possible changes in public perceptions of aversion therapies.

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MacMillan, Chad. "Increasing the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Fear-of-Flying." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7556.

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Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is a treatment often used to treat fear-of-flying (FOF), which research shows is effective for treating this phobia. Researchers have identified that the realism of the virtual environment is an important component in the efficacy of VRET and increased realism is likely to increase the efficacy of VRET. Guided by cognitive theory, emotional processing theory, and behaviorism, the purpose of this quantitative study was to demonstrate if a new generational technique called true reality-virtual reality exposure therapy (TR-VRET) is at least as efficacious as traditional VRET for treating the fear and anxiety associated with FOF. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the means between the pre-/posttests measuring fear and anxiety associated with FOF and between the control and experimental group. Both the active treatment experimental group (using TR-VRET) and the active treatment control group (using VRET) had a significant effect on reducing anxiety related to flying. The findings also revealed that both the active treatment experimental group and the active treatment control group had a significant effect on reducing fear related to flying. Notably, no significant differences were found between the active treatment experimental group and the active treatment control group, meaning the 2 treatments were equally effective at reducing the anxiety and fear related to flying. These findings can contribute to positive social change by allowing mental health professionals access to an advanced treatment tool (i.e., TR-VRET) that is just as effective as the older treatment tool (i.e., VRET). These findings can also contribute to positive social change by quickly allowing more tailored virtual environments to be created for clients at a lower cost.

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Hicks, Brenna Michele. "The Efficacy of Child Parent Relationship Therapy when Conducted in an Online Format on Levels of Parental Acceptance." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5962.

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Children’s mental health is a topic of concern, not only in the escalating number of children who meet diagnostic criteria for disorders, but also for the practitioners desiring to treat them effectively. Parental involvement in treatment results in more favorable outcomes with longer treatment gains observed, thus reducing mental health issues. An additional factor in children’s mental health is the effect of levels of parental acceptance toward the child. Parental acceptance is a positive outcome that has been observed in previous studies conducted with Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT). There are many reported barriers to seeking treatment for mental health issues, including time, cost, distance, and access. Online therapies have been found to reduce or eliminate most barriers to treatment, and is a preferred format for certain populations. To date, however, there have been no studies conducted on whether CPRT is effective in increasing levels of parental acceptance in an online format. Eight participants from around the world completed the ten-week CPRT training in an online format. Levels of parental acceptance were measured by the Porter Parental Acceptance Scale (Porter, 1954; PPAS) in self-reported pre- and post-treatment assessments. A perception survey was also conducted to assess participants’ perception of the process of an online parent training format, including benefits and challenges. This mixed-methods study found that an online version of CPRT does significantly increase parental acceptance levels. Participants also reported positive perceptions of the online training format. Positive themes reported in the survey responses related to convenience, community, access, and user experience.

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Aja, Andrew P. "The Efficacy of Play Therapy in Treating Anxiety in Young Children| A Systematic Review." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784987.

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Anxiety is the single most common disorder found in young children, yet little research has been conducted examining the efficacy of play therapy as a treatment for anxiety in children. The present study examines quantitative research literature using any play therapy modality to reduce anxiety levels in children ages 5-13. Due to the limited amount of research in this area, this study includes all qualifying articles published over the past 15 years. A total of five articles were included for a total sample size of 158. Examination of these data shows that play therapy is highly efficacious in treating anxiety in children, with a total effect size of Cohen’s d = 1.026, based on data from self-report instruments administered to child participants. It is also indicative that more research is desperately needed, especially by those in the social work profession.

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Miller, Kaitlyn M. "The Perspective of People with Fabry Disease on Burden of Treatment Versus the Benefits of Treatment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459528745.

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Yuen, Nga-yee Ada. "The efficacy of a "self-healing through creative art" process with cancer patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29740204.

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Hall, Courtney D., Stephanie Audiology Rouse, Richard Atlee, Musu Sesay, Katharina Echt, and Faith W. udiology and Speech Lang Pathology Akin. "Efficacy of Gaze Stability Exercises in Older Adults with Non-vestibular Dizziness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/580.

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43

Strand, Tage. "Stroke : patient characteristics, efficacy of a stroke unit and evaluation of hemodilution therapy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141049.

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Stroke is a major health problem in all developed countries. These studies, performed in a stroke unit at a medical department, were designed to characterize essential clinical features of the different cerebrovascular disorders on admission to hospital, to evaluate the efficacy of admitting unselected stroke patients to a stroke unit and, to evaluate hemodilution as a therapeutical regime in patients with cerebral infarction. A prospective registry included 409 patients admitted to the stroke unit over a five-year period. Modern diagnostic equipment (CT scan and CSF analyses) and strict diagnostic criteria revealed a diagnostic distribution of 11% hemorrhagic, 76% ischemic cerebrovascular lesions and 13% TIAs. Mean age varied between 65.8 and 77.5 years in the various diagnostic groups with the highest in patients with embolic cerebral infarctions. Concomitant disorders affecting the cardiovascular system were highly prevalent and only 14% was free of such diseases prior to the stroke. In a comparative prospective study, over 16 months, no differences were found between patients treated in the stroke unit (n = 110) and the general medical wards (n = 183) regarding prognostic indicators on admission such as age, concomitant disorders and neurological symptoms. The stroke patients treated in the stroke unit had a statistically significant better prognosis regarding functional outcome and the need for long-term hospitalization was reduced up to one year after the stroke when compared to patients treated in general medical wards. All stroke patients seemed to benefit with the possible exception of patients in coma on admission. These results were achieved within the same or shorter length of initial hospital stay for patients in the stroke unit. Neither overall mortality, nor mortality in subgroups of prognostic importance was significantly affected by the stroke unit regime. Rapid hemodilution in the early phase of cerebral infarction by the combination of venesection and administration of dextran 40 was evaluated in a prospective controlled trial. After randomization 52 hemodi- luted and 50 control patients were comparable in prognostic variables. Signs of blood-brain-barrier breakdown and hemorrhagic admixture to the cerebrospinal fluid in the acute phase were less frequent in hemodiluted subjects. The hemodi luted patients showed a significantly higher degree of early improvement and fewer progressions. Neurological and functional disability in survivors and need for long-term hospitalization was significantly reduced at 3 months and at one year after the stroke compared to controls. Mortality was not affected.
digitalisering@umu

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Zents, Courtney E. "Efficacy of Animal-Assisted Therapy in Lowering Anxiety Symptoms of Adolescents in Schools." Thesis, Alfred University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622847.

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Adolescence is marked by a period of stress with a portion of these individuals experiencing problems with anxiety. There are physical and psychological benefits of using animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for decreasing anxiety, however, the research on this is limited. The current study expands on the AAT literature by studying the additive effects of AAT along with the frontline treatment for anxiety, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT only and CBT + AAT treatment groups followed a structured protocol focused on psychoeducation and practicing coping skills for anxiety using groups of 2 to 4 participants in the school setting. Single subject design and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze treatment data on measures of anxiety and therapeutic alliance from ten students ages 10 to 15 across two school districts. Although the data on measures and therapeutic alliance did not approach significance, observable trends show CBT and AAT may be beneficial in decreasing anxiety symptoms for some students. The nature of self-report data and the small number of participants were limitations of the study. Overall this study used comparison groups to show that therapy dogs are not a hindrance to therapy and may be beneficial for some students.

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Bartlett, Emmalene J. "Efficacy and Immunological Mechanisms of Type I Interferon Gene Therapy in Murine Cytomegalovirus." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040706.134351.

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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the type I Interferon (IFN) subtypes and an evaluation of their potential as DNA vaccines in a model of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection and disease. MCMV induces acute and chronic phases of myocarditis, a heart disease characterised by an inflammatory cell infiltrate, in susceptible BALB/c mice. The type I IFNs comprise 14 IFNá genes in the human and >10 IFNá genes in the mouse with a single IFNâ gene in both species, however, the purpose of their multiplicity has remained unclear to date. An extensive panel of murine type I IFN subtype genes, including IFNA1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A9 and B, were sub-cloned into the mammalian expression vector pkCMVint (Vical, Inc.) for expression in BALB/c mice. These DNA constructs express biologically active IFN both in vitro and in vivo with systemic, low level expression persisting in the mouse for up to 4 weeks. The individual type I IFN subtypes differentially affect the immune response to MCMV challenge. IFNA6 proved most efficacious, reducing viral replication and inflammation in the acute and chronic phase of disease. Data suggests this occurs via induction of a Th1-like cytokine and antibody response. Furthermore, IFNA6 inoculation after the acute phase was shown to protect mice from the onset of chronic myocarditis. Characterisation of the immune cell response in IFN-treated, MCMV-infected mice demonstrated that type I IFN subtypes modulate the type of immune cells infiltrating the myocardium during myocarditis. Notably, reduced CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and B cell numbers in the heart was associated with reduced chronic myocarditis. Finally, coadministration of type I IFNs, in particular, IFNA6 and IFNB, synergistically improved immunotherapy against MCMV infection and myocarditis. The findings detailed here highlight the potential for the type I IFNs as DNA vaccines and most importantly, demonstrate that the type I IFNs have differential antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacies in the MCMV model of infection and myocarditis.

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Khoury, Christinegie. "Treating latent tuberculosis : Efficacy of rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy vs. isoniazid monotherapy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-102102.

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Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a global health issue that affects approximately one quarter of the world’s population. It refers to a state of persistent immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Latent tuberculosis infected individuals are asymptomatic and not contagious to others, however 5-15% of all infected individuals are at risk of developing active tuberculosis and become contagious, severely ill, or worse, die from active TB. There are identified risk groups that are targeted for identification, diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. These are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, children and adolescents, household or close contacts of active TB cases, migrants, refugees, prisoners and health care workers. The standard treatment used for treating LTBI is the isoniazid monotherapy. It has a high proven efficacy rate but is linked to poor acceptance and low completion rates, basically due to its long treatment duration and poor tolerability. A newer treatment regimen is the rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy. It is an effective regimen against LTBI and has a shorter treatment duration. The aim of this literature study was to evaluate the efficacy of rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy compared with the isoniazid monotherapy as treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. This thesis was based on five randomized clinical trials collected from PubMed database. The studies should have entailed an efficacy comparison between isoniazid monotherapy and rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy for the treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis. The studies showed lower rates of active TB and death in the rifapentine plus isoniazid combination group in comparison with the isoniazid monotherapy. The studies also proved that rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy was noninferior to the standard isoniazid monotherapy. The completion rates were significantly higher in the combination therapy arm. The safety profile between the two treatment regimens was similar, but with an increased hepatotoxicity rates in the isoniazid-only arm. The rifapentine plus isoniazid combination therapy is as efficacious as the isoniazid monotherapy. This shorter regimen could be used as first hand therapy as well for latent tuberculosis patients with high-risk of developing active TB as it has shown good tolerability and higher completion rates that is important to successfully treat LTBI and help eliminate TB worldwide.
Latent tuberkulos är ett globalt hälsoproblem som drabbar ungefär en fjärdedel av världens befolkning. Den definieras som ett tillstånd av immunreaktion mot Mycobacterium tuberculosis utan kliniska tecken på aktiv tuberkulos (TB). De infekterade individerna är asymtomatiska och inte smittsamma för andra, men 5–15% av alla infekterade individer riskerar att utveckla aktiv tuberkulos och bli smittsamma, bli allvarligt sjuka, eller värre, dö av aktiv tuberkulos. Personer med latent tuberkulos som tillhör riskgrupperna prioriteras för identifiering, diagnos och behandling av latent tuberkulos. Dessa riskgrupper är humant immunbristvirus (HIV)-patienter, barn och ungdomar, nära kontakter till personer med aktiva TB-fall, migranter, flyktingar, fångar och vårdpersonal. Standardbehandlingen mot latent tuberkulos är isoniazid monoterapi. Den har en högt beprövad effektivitetsgrad men är kopplad till dålig acceptans och låga kompletteringsgrader, på grund av framförallt den långa behandlingstiden och dålig tolerans. En nyare form av behandling är rifapentin kombinerat med isoniazid. Den är en effektiv behandling mot latent tuberkulos med en kortare behandlingstid. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utvärdera effekten av kombinationsterapi med rifapentin och isoniazid jämfört med isoniazid monoterapi för behandling av latent tuberkulos. Detta examensarbete baserades på fem randomiserade kliniska prövningar hämtade från PubMed-databasen. Samtliga fem studier innefattade effektivitetsjämförelse mellan isoniazid monoterapi och kombinationsterapi med rifapentin och isoniazid vid behandling av patienter med latent tuberkulos. Alla fem studier undersöktes visade lägre frekvens av aktiv TB och dödlighet i kombinationsterapi med rifapentin och isoniazid jämfört med isoniazid monoterapi. Resultatet bevisade också icke-underlägsenhet för kombinationsterapin jämfört med isoniazid monoterapin. Kompletteringsgraden var signifikant högre i kombinationsterapin. Säkerhetsprofilen mellan de två terapin var likartad, men med en ökad hepatotoxicitet i isoniazid monoterapi gruppen. Kombinationsterapi med rifapentin och isoniazid är lika effektiv som isoniazid monoterapi. Denna kortare behandling kan också användas som förstahandsbehandling för latent tuberkulos patienter med hög risk att utveckla till aktiv tuberkulos eftersom den har visat god tolerabilitet och högre kompletteringsgrad som är viktigt för att framgångsrikt behandla latent tuberkulos och hjälpa till att eliminera TB över hela världen.

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47

Sazhyn, S. I. "The efficacy of controller therapy of the bronchial asthma in school age children." Thesis, 98 підсумкова наукова конференція професорсько-викладацького складу вищого державного навчального закладу України «Буковинський державний медичний університет», 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12962.

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48

Sazhyn, S. I. "The efficacy of controller therapy of the bronchial asthma in school-age children." Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17129.

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49

Lao, Oliveros Florencia. "Treatment efficacy of a behaviorally based voice therapy program for female dysphonic patients." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2003. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B38888658.

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Abstract:

Thesis (B.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 30, 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-30) Also available in print.

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50

Bartlett, Emmalene J. "Efficacy and immunological mechanisms of type 1 interferon gene therapy in murine cytomegalovirus." Thesis, Bartlett, Emmalene J. (2002) Efficacy and immunological mechanisms of type 1 interferon gene therapy in murine cytomegalovirus. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/214/.

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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the type I Interferon (IFN) subtypes and an evaluation of their potential as DNA vaccines in a model of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection and disease. MCMV induces acute and chronic phases of myocarditis, a heart disease characterised by an inflammatory cell infiltrate, in susceptible BALB/c mice. The type I IFNs comprise 14 IFN alpha genes in the human and >10 IFN alpha genes in the mouse with a single IFN beta gene in both species, however, the purpose of their multiplicity has remained unclear to date. An extensive panel of murine type I IFN subtype genes, including IFNA1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A9 and B, were sub-cloned into the mammalian expression vector pkCMVint (Vical, Inc.) for expression in BALB/c mice. These DNA constructs express biologically active IFN both in vitro and in vivo with systemic, low level expression persisting in the mouse for up to 4 weeks. The individual type I IFN subtypes differentially affect the immune response to MCMV challenge. IFNA6 proved most efficacious, reducing viral replication and inflammation in the acute and chronic phase of disease. Data suggests this occurs via induction of a Th1-like cytokine and antibody response. Furthermore, IFNA6 inoculation after the acute phase was shown to protect mice from the onset of chronic myocarditis. Characterisation of the immune cell response in IFN-treated, MCMV-infected mice demonstrated that type I IFN subtypes modulate the type of immune cells infiltrating the myocardium during myocarditis. Notably, reduced CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and B cell numbers in the heart was associated with reduced chronic myocarditis. Finally, coadministration of type I IFNs, in particular, IFNA6 and IFNB, synergistically improved immunotherapy against MCMV infection and myocarditis. The findings detailed here highlight the potential for the type I IFNs as DNA vaccines and most importantly, demonstrate that the type I IFNs have differential antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacies in the MCMV model of infection and myocarditis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Therapy efficacy'

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