Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thérapies modificatrices de la maladie'
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Zeineddine, Maya. "Sécurité et Efficacité à Long Terme des Thérapies Modificatrices de la Maladie à Haute Efficacité chez les Patients Atteints de Sclérose en Plaques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0082.
Full textMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, leading to significant disability among affected individuals. The treatment landscape for MS has evolved over the past decades, with the introduction of various high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). This thesis investigates the long-term safety and efficacy of these therapies, particularly in the context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of treatment accessibility, barriers to therapy, and the clinical outcomes of MS patients in this region. It includes five studies that explore the availability and accessibility of DMTs, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MS management, and the comparison of natalizumab with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The findings underscore significant disparities in treatment access and the need for targeted regional strategies to improve MS management. Furthermore, the research contributes to the global understanding of MS by providing insights into the long-term outcomes of high-efficacy DMTs in a real-world setting
Sellier, Nathalie. "Méthode d'indexation qualitative : application à un plan de veille relatif aux thérapies émergentes contre la maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534003.
Full textBitsi, Jacques Alain. "Processus de symbolisation et appartenances culturelles : représentations de la maladie mentale et thérapies : le cas du Gabon." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/bitsi_ja.
Full textIn the Gabonese society, the traditional and Christian medical beliefs are regarded as a “way of thinking”. They have influence on individuals and induce the use of therapy. In this way, the representation of mental illness rest on these types of beliefs. However the inefficiency of granting of benefits (medical and spiritual) faced with certain types of illness lead to a systematic reference to the beliefs and traditional therapies. To refer to the beliefs through its speech, the subject symbolises its conflicts and worries. That is the symbolisation. The reference to the beliefs is the source of functioning psychic of a “credic” type which is characterised by “mask”, “bats”, “seeing”, “conversion”, “prayer” and “good/evil” responses. Theses responses constitute the “credic cores”, the source of symbolisation types to which the clinical officer would refer to for the patient's therapy
Moukouta, Charlemagne Simplice. "Représentation de la maladie mentale et thérapies traditionnelles au Congo : réflexion à partir de l'étude d'itinéraires thérapeutiques." Amiens, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AMIE0005.
Full textSince the last years, it has been noticed in the African environment in general and in Congo in particular that the psychiatric phenomenon presents itself as a social phenomenon in which several factors arise and interfere in relation to the social change issue. This phenomenon is deveIoping a whole extrinsic and quite complex therapeutic context through the coexistence of two ways of healing mental illnesses: the traditional way still currently used by healers, the official or modem way, thanks to the psychiatric work displayed by doctors and psychologists in the psychiatric unit of Brazzaville hospital complex. The findings on the spot show a reality, much specific all in all concerning these alterning healing methods in the individual as well as in the social management of mental trouble. These two procedures of therapeutic investigations has been simultaneously examined although major interest has been taken in the first one. This situation could Iet us think that there is a doubled family and social perception of the mental. In fact, it is a matter of a single perception of the trouble which is to be seen from the cultural side through the therapeutic course usually run by patients. This course arises in the following terms: -Patient (backed by his family) -Tradithenipists -Psychiatric Hospital. As can be seen, traditherapists are the first resort to mental illness. This itinerary appears to be the corollary of a specific conception of the human being in the African societies and the consequence of a particular behaviour facing mental unbalance. In Africa Congo, mental disorder is always lived and expressed through "persecutive aggression". The patient who in this situation positions himself as a victim can only be relieved from his distress by traditherapists. In this respect, it books as though the Congolese society developed a System of representations and understandings of the mental illness that settles the treatment methods. To us, this reality represents a crucial information in terms of psychopatology -which has also been proved by the majority of investigations on traditional African psychiatry and a tropical information in terms of psychiatric practice. In the present state of our knowledge and as disconcerting as they are, these observations are of concern to the psychologists as well as to other specialists of the human issue. In so doing as clinical psychologists this work provides us with the opportunity to think about the social reality as a whole from the study African individual conflicting behaviours. Indeed the conflict issue requires to consider the individual in a social context connected to his environment, the individual in his "existential whole" in order to define both the internal and external dynamics of the conflict. Therefore, recognising and accepting the mental - ill patient as a person carrying an unresolved or ill - resolved conflict and, what is more, replacing the handling of conflict back into its cultural context is to be considered as a major progress concerning the scientific understanding and social acceptability of mental troubles. So that the patient is not reified in a mere scientific approach, a combined humanistic approach is essential for him to recover his human status
Vaugeois-Sellier, Nathalie. "Méthode d'indexation qualitative : application à un plan de veille relatif aux thérapies émergentes contre la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1036/document.
Full textIn the context of research and development for a new therapeutic treatment, the researcher seeks to monitor relevant research topics in order to update field-specific knowledge. Direct computer access to relevant information is required. The complexity of biological systems increases the great difficulty of translating some hypothetical reflections in a linguistic manner or by semiotics. In this study, we propose a detached process of the system of language. To do this, we will present a methodology based on a qualitative indexing using personalized filtering. The index is no longer of a linguistic nature but a sort of “connection of knowledge”. This method of qualitative indexing applied to information retrieval is in contrast with documentation indexing systems and the use of thesauruses such as MeSH when it pertains to formulating a complex request. The choice of the experimentation subject using Medline database via PubMed proves the complexity of research problem formulation. The main theme is a possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This experiment makes it possible to highlight the documents contained in Medline which provide few or no answers by indexing keywords. The results obtained suggest that an indexing knowledge significantly improves search results for information via Medline in comparison to “Google” searches habitually carried out by the researcher. Comparable to scientific awareness, this methodology opens new collaboration possibilities between information professionals and research
Lapre, Emiline. "Maladie d’Alzheimer et thérapies non médicamenteuses : évaluation de la stimulation cognitive et de l’activité physique sur le fonctionnement exécutif." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21764/document.
Full textThe principal objective of this thesis was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of an intervention which combines a cognitive stimulation program and a physical activity program in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the objective was to detail the respective and combined effects of these interventions in the three following dimensions, 1) general cognitive functioning, 2) executive functioning with updating, switching, inhibition and planning, 3) psychosocial functioning, including anxiety and depression. The main study of this thesis examines the pre-and post-intervention scores of 67 patients assigned into four groups (i.e., cognitive stimulation, physical activity, cognitive stimulation combined with physical activity, and control). The data showed that, 1) cognitive stimulation improved general cognitive functioning and maintained updating and switching abilities, 2) physical activity improved inhibition and switching abilities, and 3) associate cognitive stimulation and physical activity allowed the improvement of general cognitive functioning, inhibition and switching abilities, and allowed remaining updating abilities. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Moreover, the data collected showed that the benefits of the interventions were particularly important when the program included both interventions. Mechanisms of changes in cognition of Alzheimer's patients are discussed through the concept of cognitive reserve. The aim for future researches is to develop programs of cognitive stimulation and physical activities to preserve executive functioning
Bousquet, Guilhem. "Transgénèse et xénogreffe : deux stratégies expérimentales pour les thérapies innovantes en cancérologie." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077142.
Full textCancers are frequent diseases and leading causes of mortality in the world. They are a major health care problem. Despite a significant improvement in prognosis of patients since the last 20 years, the development of innovating therapeutical agents is highly required, challenging research in oncology. In addition, a preclinical knowledge of mechanisms of action and biomarkers of response is crucial for not missing the clinical development of these new drugs. The preclinical pharmacological models currently used since 30 years are clearly insufficient, as only 5% of tested agents finally succeed in being active in patients. I had the opportunity to use two different experimental murine models for the development of two innovating therapies : 1)The double transgenic model which develop colorectal tumors mimicking the human pathology. First, we demonstrated its pharmacological relevance regarding to cytotoxic currently used in patients. Second, we showed that Dbait, a DNA repair inhibitor, may be an effective additional treatment for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in colon or rectal cancer, independently of KRAS status. 2)Mice xenografted with human tumor cell lines with sequential cellular and molecular studies. We demonstrated that the specific effect of sunitinib, mainly a VEGFR inhibitor, differs according to the tumor type. This effect was first identified on neoangiogenic microvessels, but a direct effect on tumor cells was also found and related to sunitinib target expression
Sarr, Mamadou Moustapha. "Effets de la L-Dopa et de la stimulation du noyau subthalamique et étude comparée des deux thérapies sur la coordination pneumo-phonique dans la dysarthrie parkinsonienne." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20723.
Full textThe study’s aim was to determine Parkinson’s disease (PD) effect on pneumophonic coordination (PPC) and to evaluate and compare L-dopa and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation effects on PPC. Intra-oral pressure (IOP), oral air flow (OAF) and laryngeal resistance (LR) were measured with EVA2 system at the six /p/ of the sentence “Papa ne m’a pas parlé de beau-papa” produced by 51 patients and 50 healthy subjects. PD decreases IOP and OAF and increases RL variability. IOP reduction and LR increase at the sentence onset led to patients’ compensation with vocal abuse and thus induced a discrete OAF increase during the course of the sentence. The comparative study carried out with 24 patients recorded in four conditions ON/OFF L-dopa and STN Stimulation showed marked similar therapy effects even if the patients ON treatment did not reach the control subjects’ level. Temporal study according to PD duration and post surgical delay did not show sensitive parameter variations in time but therapy effects were persistent except for LR. So LR seems less responsive to therapy effects
Hanna, Eve. "Les thérapies innovantes : une révolution médicale et un tsunami financier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0622/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis were to identify the magnitude of the ATMPs pipeline, to assess the budget impact of ATMPs and to suggest new funding models for ATMPs in order to help decision-makers to anticipate the hypothetical short and medium term budget impact of such products. The magnitude of ATMPs pipeline was evaluated by identifying the number and characteristics of ATMPs clinical trials in 3 worldwide clinical trials databases. A large number of ATMPs are in development (939 clinical trials) and may successfully reach the market. Overall, the results showed that the number of ATMPs clinical trials has been consistently growing over the past 15 years. The budget impact of ATMPs was assessed. Markov models were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact for ATMPs using 5 efficacy scenarios in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease and heart failure. Then, an estimation of the budget impact of 35 ATMPs was conducted suggesting that an ATMP can cure all patients. We have shown in this chapter that a cost-effective ATMP may be unaffordable; payers will not be able to pay upfront the costs of all ATMPs. The traditional funding models may not be adaptable for ATMPs. The proposed funding models for innovative high-cost therapies were identified through a literature review, discussed during a consensus meeting and an optimal funding model for ATMPs was recommended.Finally, health policy recommendations for the stakeholders – patients, physicians, payers and manufacturers – are presented. These recommendations aim to help to ensure patient access to innovation while maintaining the sustainability of healthcare system
Decamp, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation des déficits cognitifs attentionnels et des fonctions exécutives centrales induits par administration de faibles doses de neurotoxines MPTP chez les singes macaques : effets de thérapies agissants sur les récepteurs nicotiniques." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S141.
Full textThe cognitive deficit aspect of Parkinson’s disease has received significant attention over the last two decades due to its prevalence and its failure to respond to therapies that address motor deficits. The subject of this thesis is to further understand the nature of these cognitive deficits and to assess the potential therapeutic value of nicotinic drugs on the disease using the chronic low dose MPTP primate model. Using different behavioral assays, we showed that CLD MPTP animals display a broad deficit in attention and in central executive functions. We also demonstrated that attentional deficits may be the main cause to deficits previously observed in working memory. Following these results, we tested nicotine and a sub-type selective agonist for their effects on attention and central executive functions. Both agonists improved performance in the tasks assessing attention, but only the subtype-selective agonist improved central executive functioning. We hypothesized that this difference in effect may be due to the specific receptors targeted by the selective agonist or may be caused by its action at the level of other receptors such as histaminergic. Finally, we studied the effects of dopaminergic and nicotinic therapies on working memory and attention. We found that the dopaminergic therapy most commonly used in the clinical population (levodopa) impaired the level of performance of MPTP-treated non-human primates, and the adjunction of nicotinic agents to levodopa counteracted the negative effects of dopaminergic therapy. These results are in accordance with some recent theories that describe deficits induced by dopamine, such as the “dopamine overdose” hypothesis
Alotte, Christine. "Étude des propriétés antivirales de composés originaux dans le cadre du développement de nouvelles thérapies contre le virus de l'Hépatite C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10148.
Full textAkare, Biyoghe Béatrice. "Conceptions et comportements des Fang face aux questions de fécondité et de stérilité : regard anthropologique sur une société patrilinéaire du Gabon." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ002L/document.
Full textIn regard to the ethno sociologic situation of Black Africa today, it is evident their is a new mode of thought and life which has strayed away from heritage. Considering this incessent loss of customs, certain cultural values have endured, despite the current trends of modernity. For instance, the strong sense of value to continue the family lineage. This thesis sets out to examine the patrilinear society of Gabon- the Fang, in relation to the social solutions which contribute to the problematic of fecundity and sterility. The group composed of the fecundity and sterility which entailed the two-sided focus of this problematic as it is a strong fibre of the social tissue of the society, which is also examined alongside the political organisation. Within this perspective, the analysis of particular cultural forms of the question of fecundity and sterility by the Fang of Gabon will not just be viewed in a monographic manner on those which withdraw and restrain from significant deeping and change in modernity of culture, in light of the intercultural confrontation by other societies. Thus, it will also entail an analysis which strive to describe a model destined to clarify, cross-examine the different composants, all cultural forms of interest to this question and all termes of this social resolution. As well as, at the state level and ethnic level. As sterility is often viewed from a clinical point of view which accounts for a biological incapacity attributable to illness. However it is also perceived as deprivation, an a curse and punishment to suffer. Which this thesis has employed with an anthropological and cultural perspective
Gubinelli, Francesco. "Evaluation of an In Situ Polymerizing Hydrogel Scaffold as a Brain Delivery System for Parkinson’s Disease therapeutics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS439.
Full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 0.3% of general population, with an increasing rate of 1 to 2% in persons over 65. At the moment the only available pharmacological treatment (L-Dopa) focuses on mitigating symptoms; nowadays treatments to slow down the disease’s progression, or suppress symptoms on the long term remain to be validated.Cellular transplantation had showed encouraging results, but it has some limitation, including the poor survival of the grafted cells, strong immune response and rejection of the graft. Biomaterials are materials used and adapted for medical applications and are designed to interact with different biological systems. Among them, collagen-based hydrogels recently gained attention in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular transplantation, being widely used for skin graft and wound healing, spinal cord regeneration, bones and tendon repair. To date, such promising approach has not been often investigated in vivo for neurodegenerative diseases as PD.In this work we developed a rodent relevant model of PD that is able to show a progressive neurodegeneration of DA neurons in the SNpc. Using adeno-associated viral vector (AAV), we overexpressed the C-terminal domain of mutated LRRK2 form (LRRK2G2019S) with or without mutant α-synuclein (α-synA53T) in the SNpc. Our results showed that, while LRRK2G2019S alone did not produce any toxicity, α-synA53T co-expressed with LRRK2 G2019S produced a greater loss of dopaminergic cells in the SNpc. α-synA53T toxicity is likely to be facilitated by the kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 through a cell autonomous mechanism.Once the neurodegenerative rat model of PD was developed and ready for testing the potential of the collagen scaffold as a delivery system, we proceeded with characterization of the hydrogel scaffold. Using high field (11.7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological analysis we characterized our collagen-based hydrogel after in vitro and, in vivo polymerization after intracerebral injection in rats.Our results indicate that collagen-based hydrogels can be safely injected into the brain without any major adverse effect and that MRI is a tool of choice for a direct and non-invasive in vivo follow-up of collagen hydrogel polymerization and grafting in the brain. The collagen scaffold showed a transitory and limited immune response localized around the site of injection.This results suggest that our in-situ polymerizing collagen-based hydrogel could be safely employed as a delivery system for cells and/or molecules during neuronal transplantation
Martin, Elise. "Thérapies ciblées chez les femmes atteintes de cancer du sein métastatique : diffusion, impact sur la prise en charge, poids des représentations sociales et adhésion thérapeutique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS534/document.
Full textIn France, breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women and the second cause of cancer death. Although breast cancer relative mortality has decreased significantly in recent years, there is still a lot to be done for the remaining 20% to 25% of patients who have metastasized. This study is based on 103 semi-structured interviews carried out with oncology healthcare professionals and metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of this work was to study the impact that new targeted therapies can have on managing the patient’s care and their diffusion, the patients’ experiences with these treatments, their social representations and their therapeutic adherence. First, we showed that new oral targeted therapies disrupt the traditional steps in a patient care. Patients arefar less in the hospital’s sphere of influence and there are many barriers to the dissemination of these treatments for oncologists. Second, we highlighted the positive representations of oral targeted therapies that patients have, which is bringing them hope and improving their quality of life. However, the day-to-day experience with the treatment sometimes moderates these representations and may reveal obstacles to their therapeutic adherence such as side effects or the responsibilities created by the demand for autonomy. Finally, we showed the lack of patients’ knowledge about therapeutic innovations and the importance of the implementation of shared decision making with the oncologist, especially in the face of the progressive chronicisation of a number of metastatic breast cancers
Charvin, Delphine. "Dopamine et dégénérescence des neurones striataux dans la maladie de Huntington : vers l'identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069699.
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