Journal articles: 'Therapeutic modality for cancer'

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Agarwal, Shashi K. "Exercise: Preventive and Therapeutic Benefits in Cancer." Journal of Cancer Research Updates 10 (October 25, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30683/1929-2279.2021.10.02.

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Cancer is soon expected to overtake cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of death in the world. As newer and often more expensive cancer treatments become available, several complementary modalities are gaining clinical importance. Exercise is one such modality. Increasing scientific data suggests that exercise, besides helping prevent several cancers, can also help improve outcomes across a range of cancer diagnoses. The mechanisms behind this protection and therapeutic effects are numerous and include changes in body composition, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, sex hormone levels, systemic inflammation, immune cell function, and DNA integrity. Exercise is easy to do, is inexpensive, and can be modified to the condition of the patient. This review summarizes the various benefits of structured activity in most major cancers affecting humans.

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KOMIYA, Yoshiaki, Tadayoshi MATSUDA, Ikuhiro UTIDA, Syohei IWAMOTO, and Toshiaki KURASHIMA. "Investigation of therapeutic modality for cancer of the tongue." Japanese Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 35, no. 6 (1989): 1617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.35.1617.

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Dagnelie, P. C., J. W. O. van den Berg, J. D. Bell, C. S. Foster, T. Rietveld, and G. R. Swart. "Fish oil: a new therapeutic modality in cancer cachexia?" Clinical Nutrition 12 (January 1993): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5614(93)90296-g.

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Itoh, Kyogo, and Akira Yamada. "Personalized peptide vaccines: A new therapeutic modality for cancer." Cancer Science 97, no. 10 (October 2006): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00272.x.

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Tordiglione, Michele, Maurizio Kalli, Vittorio Vavassori, and Roberto Luraghi. "Combined Modality Treatment for Esophageal Cancer." Tumori Journal 84, no. 2 (March 1998): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400226.

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We have performed a review of recent literature about combined modality therapy in esophageal cancer. Radiobiological principles and radio-chemotherapy interactions modalities in clinical experiences have been considered. Therapeutic schedules, modalities of implementation, and the most relevant clinical results obtained by the major clinical research groups have been emphasized. We also comment on the current role of surgery and on the clinical questions arising in combined radio-chemotherapy treatment.

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Vandghanooni, Somayeh, Morteza Eskandani, Jaleh Barar, and Yadollah Omidi. "Aptamedicine: a new treatment modality in personalized cancer therapy." BioImpacts 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2019.09.

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Aptamers (Aps) are short single-strand nucleic acids exhibiting unique 3D structure which facilitate their targeting potential against various cancer molecular markers (CMMs). Such features of Aps not only make them as suitable homing agents in targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) but also candidate them as macromolecules that inhibit the interaction of the target ligand with other proteins. On the other hand, the conjugation of Aps with another therapeutic molecule such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs/miRNAs, Aps, toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, DNAzymes/Ribozymes provides hopeful strategy to eradicate the malignancies and overcome the off-target unwanted side effects. Such prominent features of Aps make them a promising treatment modality to overcome the tumor complexity and heterogeneity, which can be consequently applied for personalized therapy of cancer by using bispecific Ap-based therapeutics.

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Lee, Y., J. Jung, G. Hwang, H. Park, and Y. Im. "Multimodal therapeutic approach in anaplastic thyroid cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 15533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15533.

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15533 Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive neoplasm with a dismal prognosis. However, a few patients survive for a long time after treatment. We tried to identify prognostic factors of this disease and analyzed treatment outcomes in patients with ATC. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 15 patients diagnosed with ATC in our institution between 1988 and 2003. The survival was compared by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. Results: The female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1 (9 women and 6 men), and the mean age at diagnosis was 63.9 years (range, 44–91). The mean tumor size was 6.3cm (range, 4–10 cm). Extrathyroidal invasion was present in 12 cases and distant metastasis at diagnosis was present in 6 cases. Surgery was performed in 8 cases. Radiotherapy was used for 10 cases and chemotherapy for 5 cases. The mean overall survival time of the 15 patients was 237 days (range, 28–717 days). The 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month survival rates were 33%, 26%, 13% and 0%. No association was found between survival and presenting symptoms, age, gender, tumor size, previous goiter history, extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A significantly better outcome was observed in patients received triple modality treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) than in those received single or dual modality treatment (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Although most patients with ATC had a poor prognosis, a multimodal approach including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, might improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Storozynsky, Quinn, and Mary M. Hitt. "The Impact of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage on cGAS-STING-Mediated Immune Responses to Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 8877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228877.

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Radiotherapy is a major modality used to combat a wide range of cancers. Classical radiobiology principles categorize ionizing radiation (IR) as a direct cytocidal therapeutic agent against cancer; however, there is an emerging appreciation for additional antitumor immune responses generated by this modality. A more nuanced understanding of the immunological pathways induced by radiation could inform optimal therapeutic combinations to harness radiation-induced antitumor immunity and improve treatment outcomes of cancers refractory to current radiotherapy regimens. Here, we summarize how radiation-induced DNA damage leads to the activation of a cytosolic DNA sensing pathway mediated by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING). The activation of cGAS–STING initiates innate immune signaling that facilitates adaptive immune responses to destroy cancer. In this way, cGAS–STING signaling bridges the DNA damaging capacity of IR with the activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated destruction of cancer—highlighting a molecular pathway radiotherapy can exploit to induce antitumor immune responses. In the context of radiotherapy, we further report on factors that enhance or inhibit cGAS–STING signaling, deleterious effects associated with cGAS–STING activation, and promising therapeutic candidates being investigated in combination with IR to bolster immune activation through engaging STING-signaling. A clearer understanding of how IR activates cGAS–STING signaling will inform immune-based treatment strategies to maximize the antitumor efficacy of radiotherapy, improving therapeutic outcomes.

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Chen, Lili, Xiaohong Wang, Fangling Ji, Yongming Bao, Jingyun Wang, Xianwu Wang, Lianying Guo, and Yachen Li. "New bifunctional-pullulan-based micelles with good biocompatibility for efficient co-delivery of cancer-suppressing p53 gene and doxorubicin to cancer cells." RSC Advances 5, no. 115 (2015): 94719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17139c.

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Li, Mingjing, Fan Yu, Chao Yao, Peng George Wang, Yonghui Liu, and Wei Zhao. "Synthetic and immunological studies on trimeric MUC1 immunodominant motif antigen-based anti-cancer vaccine candidates." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 6 (2018): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob02976d.

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Zhang, Wei, Yang Zang, Yanli Lu, Jinhui Han, Qingyun Xiong, and Jinping Xiong. "Photothermal Effect and Multi-Modality Imaging of Up-Conversion Nanomaterial Doped with Gold Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031382.

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Two key concerns exist in contemporary cancer chemotherapy in clinics: limited therapeutic efficiency and substantial side effects in patients. In recent years, researchers have been investigating revolutionary cancer treatment techniques and photo-thermal therapy (PTT) has been proposed by many scholars. A drug for photothermal cancer treatment was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, which has a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency. It may also be utilized as a clear multi-modality bioimaging platform for photoacoustic imaging (PAI), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When compared to single-modality imaging, multi-modality imaging delivers far more thorough and precise details for cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, gold-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have an exceptionally high target recognition for tumor cells. The gold-doped UCNPs, in particular, are non-toxic to normal tissues, endowing the as-prepared medications with outstanding therapeutic efficacy but exceptionally low side effects. These findings may encourage the creation of fresh effective imaging-guided approaches to meet the goal of photothermal cancer therapy.

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Talbot, Jean-Noël. "The clinical impact of [18F]-FDG Pet during the opening year of a Pet centre." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, spe (September 2002): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000500009.

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We have evaluated the clinical impact of FDG-PET on patient staging and management during the opening year of our PET centre in France. A questionnaire, translation in French of the questionnaire used recently in California, was sent to the referring physician of each of the 476 patients who had at least one routine FDG-PET examination during the year 2000. Of 348 responses (response rate = 73%), the disease was upstaged in 26% of the cases and downstaged in 9%. Inter-modality management changes (change from a scheduled therapeutic modality for a different one) were reported in 37% of the cases and intra-modality changes in 9%. Those modification rates were respectively 38% and 7% in recurrence of colorectal cancer (153 patients), 47% and 7% in lung cancer (118 patients), 16% and 23% in lymphoma (43 patients), 25% and 6% in the staging of head and neck cancers (32 patients).When comparing with the similar studies performed in California, there were no significant differences between the rates of inter-modality management changes. In contrast, intra-modality management changes were less frequent in our survey, except for lymphoma. Globally, the clinical impact of FDG PET was similar, with a higher response rate to our survey (73% versus 35%); it was above the mean 31% rate of therapeutic modification derived from a recent tabulated summary in over 3400 patients.

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Ding, Yi, Ziyi Song, Qian Liu, Shaohua Wei, Lin Zhou, Jiahong Zhou, and Jian Shen. "An enhanced chemotherapeutic effect facilitated by sonication of MSN." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 35 (2017): 11875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02600e.

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Datta, Niloy R., Bharati M. Jain, Zatin Mathi, Sneha Datta, Satyendra Johari, Ashok R. Singh, Pallavi Kalbande, Pournima Kale, Vitaladevuni Shivkumar, and Stephan Bodis. "Hyperthermia: A Potential Game-Changer in the Management of Cancers in Low-Middle-Income Group Countries." Cancers 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020315.

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Loco-regional hyperthermia at 40–44 °C is a multifaceted therapeutic modality with the distinct triple advantage of being a potent radiosensitizer, a chemosensitizer and an immunomodulator. Risk difference estimates from pairwise meta-analysis have shown that the local tumour control could be improved by 22.3% (p < 0.001), 22.1% (p < 0.001) and 25.5% (p < 0.001) in recurrent breast cancers, locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC) and locally advanced head and neck cancers, respectively by adding hyperthermia to radiotherapy over radiotherapy alone. Furthermore, thermochemoradiotherapy in LACC have shown to reduce the local failure rates by 10.1% (p = 0.03) and decrease deaths by 5.6% (95% CI: 0.6–11.8%) over chemoradiotherapy alone. As around one-third of the cancer cases in low-middle-income group countries belong to breast, cervix and head and neck regions, hyperthermia could be a potential game-changer and expected to augment the clinical outcomes of these patients in conjunction with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Further, hyperthermia could also be a cost-effective therapeutic modality as the capital costs for setting up a hyperthermia facility is relatively low. Thus, the positive outcomes evident from various phase III randomized trials and meta-analysis with thermoradiotherapy or thermochemoradiotherapy justifies the integration of hyperthermia in the therapeutic armamentarium of clinical management of cancer, especially in low-middle-income group countries.

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Singh, Nathan. "Modified T cells as therapeutic agents." Hematology 2021, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000262.

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Abstract Immunotherapy is now a well-established modality in the treatment of cancer. Although several platforms to redirect the immune response exist, the use of genetically modified T cells has garnered particular attention in recent years. This is due, in large part, to their success in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Adoptively transferred T cells have also demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of systemic viral infections that occur following hematopoietic cell transplantation prior to immune reconstitution. Here we discuss the techniques that enable redirection of T lymphocytes to treat cancer or infection and the current indications for these therapies.

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Port, Jeffrey L., Mohamed K. Kamel, and Nasser K. Altorki. "Surgery is the Optimum Local Therapeutic Modality for Second Primary Lung Cancer." Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 28, no. 1 (2016): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2016.04.013.

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ElOjeimy, S., J. C. McKillop, A. M. El-Zawahry, D. H. Holman, X. Liu, D. A. Schwartz, T. A. Day, J.-Y. Dong, and J. S. Norris. "FasL gene therapy: a new therapeutic modality for head and neck cancer." Cancer Gene Therapy 13, no. 8 (March 17, 2006): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700951.

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Heys, S. D., D. B. Gough, L. Khan, and O. Ermin. "Nutritional pharmacology and malignant disease: A therapeutic modality in patients with cancer." British Journal of Surgery 83, no. 5 (May 1996): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800830508.

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Stoiber, Stefan, Bruno L. Cadilha, Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek, Stefanie Lesch, Stefan Endres, and Sebastian Kobold. "Limitations in the Design of Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Cancer Therapy." Cells 8, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8050472.

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Cancer therapy has entered a new era, transitioning from unspecific chemotherapeutic agents to increasingly specific immune-based therapeutic strategies. Among these, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown unparalleled therapeutic potential in treating refractory hematological malignancies. In contrast, solid tumors pose a much greater challenge to CAR T cell therapy, which has yet to be overcome. As this novel therapeutic modality matures, increasing effort is being invested to determine the optimal structure and properties of CARs to facilitate the transition from empirical testing to the rational design of CAR T cells. In this review, we highlight how individual CAR domains contribute to the success and failure of this promising treatment modality and provide an insight into the most notable advances in the field of CAR T cell engineering.

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Gupta, Archana A., Supriya Kheur, A. Thirumal Raj, Ravindra V. Badhe, and Ramesh R. Bhonde. "Reviewing the potential use of scaffold-mediated localized chemotherapy in oncology." Forum of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fco-2019-0022.

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Abstract Post-surgical recurrence and metastasis remain to be the major concern in oncology. The absence of any therapeutic modality during the interim period between the surgical intervention and initiation of conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy allows the residual cancer cells to proliferate, culminating in recurrence and/or metastasis. Introducing a therapeutic modality during this interim period could suppress the proliferation of the residual tumor cells. Further, as the detrimental effects of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy drastically reduce the patient’s quality of life, use of therapeutic modality with localized effect can reduce the risk of systemic toxicity. Thus, the present manuscript reviews the potential use of scaffold-mediated local chemotherapy in oncology. Its localized effect would prevent systemic toxicity, while the scaffold serves as an ideal vehicle for the sustained targeted delivery of therapeutic agents.

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Truong, Cao-Sang, and So Young Yoo. "Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus in Lung Cancer Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020240.

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Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a promising therapeutic modality via the induction of long-term immune response and reduction in adverse effects by specifically targeting tumor-associated antigens. Oncolytic virus, especially vaccinia virus (VV) is a promising cancer treatment option for effective cancer immunotherapy and thus can also be utilized in cancer vaccines. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is likely to respond to immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or cancer vaccines, since it has a high tumor mutational burden. In this review, we will summarize recent applications of VV in lung cancer treatment and discuss the potential and direction of VV-based therapeutic vaccines.

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Dai, Chen, Ruizhi Hu, Chunmei Wang, Zhuang Liu, Shengjian Zhang, Luodan Yu, Yu Chen, and Bo Zhang. "Defect engineering of 2D BiOCl nanosheets for photonic tumor ablation." Nanoscale Horizons 5, no. 5 (2020): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00707e.

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Zhang, Wei, Yanli Lu, Yang Zang, Jinhui Han, Qingyun Xiong, and Jinping Xiong. "Photodynamic Therapy and Multi-Modality Imaging of Up-Conversion Nanomaterial Doped with AuNPs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031227.

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Two key concerns exist in contemporary cancer chemotherapy in clinic: limited therapeutic efficiency and substantial side effects in patients. In recent years, researchers have been investigating a revolutionary cancer treatment technique, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed by many scholars. A drug for photodynamic cancer treatment was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, which has a high efficiency to release reactive oxygen species (ROS). It may also be utilized as a clear multi-modality bioimaging platform for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) due to its photothermal effect, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When compared to single-modality imaging, multi-modality imaging delivers far more thorough and precise details for cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, Au-doped up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have an exceptionally high luminous intensity. The Au-doped UCNPs, in particular, are non-toxic to tissues without laser at an 808 nm wavelength, endowing the as-prepared medications with outstanding therapeutic efficacy but exceptionally low side effects. These findings may encourage fresh effective imaging-guided approaches to meet the goal of photodynamic cancer therapy to be created.

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Liu, Wei, Binbin Yang, Lu Yang, Jasmine Kaur, Calvin Jessop, Rushdi Fadhil, David Good, et al. "Therapeutic Effects of Ten Commonly Used Chinese Herbs and Their Bioactive Compounds on Cancers." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (September 15, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6057837.

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Effective cancer therapy is one of the biggest global challenges. Conventional cancer therapies have been at the forefront of combating cancers, but more evidence showed considerable side effects, limiting their use. There are various new therapies in development, but combined approaches for treating cancer are much expected. Natural herbs had been traditionally in use for cancer therapy in most parts of the world. In this review, we have examined ten commonly used Chinese herbs that have, for centuries, shown effectiveness in treating cancers. They demonstrated the abilities to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibit their metastasis, activate the patient’s anticancer immunity, and synergistically increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy when used in combination. Clinical experiences had proved that these herbs and their bioactive compounds were effective against a plethora of cancers through a variety of mechanisms, effectively improving patients’ quality of life without significant side effects. These advantages indicate that there are huge potentials in the development of Chinese herbs into cancer medicine as part of a promising, holistic cancer treatment modality.

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Fatima, Syeda Warisul, Khalid Imtiyaz, Mohammad M. Alam Rizvi, and Sunil K. Khare. "Microbial transglutaminase nanoflowers as an alternative nanomedicine for breast cancer theranostics." RSC Advances 11, no. 55 (2021): 34613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04513j.

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Khan, Maliha, Anum Wasim, Aibek E. Mirrakhimov, Blaithin A. McMahon, Daniel P. Judge, Linda C. Chu, Ashtami Banavali, and Amer M. Zeidan. "Case Report of a Patient with Left Ventricular Assistance Device Undergoing Chemotherapy for a New Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163727.

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The optimal management of cancer in patients with severe heart failure is not defined. This issue is particularly challenging when a diagnosis of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is made incidentally in the context of evaluating patient for candidacy for cardiac transplantation. Limited-stage SCLC is typically managed on a curative therapeutic paradigm with combined modality approach involving chemotherapy and radiation. Even with excellent performance status and good organ function, the presence of severe cardiomyopathy poses significant challenges to the delivery of even single modality approach with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, let alone the typical curative combined modality approach. With mechanical left ventricular devices to provide cardiac support, treatment options for cancer in the setting of advanced heart failure may be improved. Here we discuss the therapeutic dilemma involving a patient with severe cardiomyopathy and left ventricular assistant device (LVAD) who was found to have limited-stage SCLC during the evaluation process for cardiac transplantation.

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Yamamoto, Masato, and David T. Curiel. "Cancer Gene Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 4, no. 4 (August 2005): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460500400402.

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The prognosis of patients with some kinds of cancers whose patients are often found unresectable upon diagnosis is still dismal. In these fields, development of a new therapeutic modality is needed and gene therapy represents one promising strategy. So far, numerous cancer gene therapy clinical trials based on these principles have been carried out and have shown the safety of such modalities, but have fallen short of the initial expectations to cure cancers. In this review, we would like to make a problem-oriented discussion of current status of cancer gene therapy research by using mainly gastrointestinal cancers as an example. In order to overcome obstacles for full realization of cancer gene therapy, numerous researches have been conducted by many researchers. Various cancer-selective and non-selective genes, as well as lytic viruses themselves have been employed for gene therapy. In the context of gene delivery method, different kinds of viral and non-viral strategies have been utilized. In addition, surrogate assays, such as soluble markers and imaging, have been developed for safer and more informative clinical trials. Many experiments and clinical trials to date have figured out current obstacles for the realization of an effective cancer gene therapy modality. Tireless efforts to overcome such hurdles and continuous infusion of novel concepts into this field should lead to break through technologies and the cure of the patients.

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Dai, Xiaofeng, Erik W. Thompson, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Receptor-Mediated Redox Imbalance: An Emerging Clinical Avenue against Aggressive Cancers." Biomolecules 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121880.

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Cancer cells are more vulnerable to abnormal redox fluctuations due to their imbalanced antioxidant system, where cell surface receptors sense stress and trigger intracellular signal relay. As canonical targets of many targeted therapies, cell receptors sensitize the cells to specific drugs. On the other hand, cell target mutations are commonly associated with drug resistance. Thus, exploring effective therapeutics targeting diverse cell receptors may open new clinical avenues against aggressive cancers. This paper uses focused case studies to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the cell receptors of different categories and the primary cancer hallmarks that are associated with the responses to external or internal redox perturbations. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is examined as a promising redox modulation medium and highly selective anti-cancer therapeutic modality featuring dynamically varying receptor targets and minimized drug resistance against aggressive cancers.

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Yu, Qianqian, Jing Sun, Xufeng Zhu, Lin Qiu, Mengmeng Xu, Sirun Liu, Jianming Ouyang, and Jie Liu. "Mesoporous titanium dioxide nanocarrier with magnetic-targeting and high loading efficiency for dual-modal imaging and photodynamic therapy." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 30 (2017): 6081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01035d.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT), by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits cancer cells and is an emerging and pioneering cancer therapeutic modality which can eliminate some of the drawbacks of other traditional anticancer therapies.

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Moll, Ute M., and Alex Zaika. "Disrupting the p53-mdm2 interaction as a potential therapeutic modality." Drug Resistance Updates 3, no. 4 (August 2000): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/drup.2000.0160.

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Juarranz, Ángeles, Yolanda Gilaberte, and Salvador González. "Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Oncology." Cancers 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113341.

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Guikema, Jeroen E., Martine Amiot, and Eric Eldering. "Exploiting the pro-apoptotic function of NOXA as a therapeutic modality in cancer." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 21, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2017.1349754.

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Yoshii, T., S. Tamai, O. Motohashi, K. Yonemitsu, A. Kiyohashi, S. Takagi, N. Nakayama, and Y. Murata. "Evaluation of significance of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in early esophageal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 4088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4088.

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4088 Background: Radical surgery for esophageal cancer is very invasive. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), which conserves the esophagus, is a minimally invasive and attractive therapeutic modality for early stage esophageal cancer. However, when the tumor reaches the deep mucosal or submucosal layer (“T1b” according to TNM classification), the incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) increases up to 10–50%. Therefore, the indications of EMR have to be clarified. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed regarding the clinical course of 41 patients who were diagnosed as having cT1bN0M0 esophageal cancer and underwent EMR between 1994 and 2004 at our hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by the log-rank and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: Thirty nine patients were selected and followed up without any additional therapy after obtaining written informed consent. Twenty patients (51%) had multiple primary cancers, 10 died, and 29 are still alive. MST of the dead patients was 22 months, and 7 of them (70%) died of advanced multiple primary cancers, while death was cause specific in only one case (due to LNM). The survival curves showed no significant differences between the patients with early multiple primary cancers and those without multiple cancers patients (MST = 72 months, p < 0.7784). In most of the dead patients and 23 of the surviving patients, the local lesion was well controlled without any recurrence. Conclusions: Many patients with early esophageal cancer who underwent EMR tended to die of multiple primary cancers. When the patient had early multiple primary cancers, the prognosis was not different from those without such cancer and the local lesion was well controlled. We concluded that EMR is a very useful therapeutic modality for local control as it is minimally invasive, especially in patients with multiple primary cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Sekido, Yoshitaka. "Targeting the Hippo Pathway Is a New Potential Therapeutic Modality for Malignant Mesothelioma." Cancers 10, no. 4 (March 22, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10040090.

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Teramae, Fumio, Tomohiro Makino, Shintaro Sengoku, Yeongjoo Lim, Takashi Natori, and Kota Kodama. "Research on Pharmaceutical Product Life Cycle Patterns for Sustainable Growth." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218938.

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An important agenda of pharmaceutical companies is the establishment of therapeutic area strategies, drug modality, and geographic strategies for research and development. It is worthwhile to understand the changes in therapeutic area, modality and internationalization of the top-selling pharmaceutical drugs over the past. Hence, the purposes of this study are to investigate changes in therapeutic area, modality and internationalization of the top-selling drugs and to identify their life cycle patterns. We compared the top-selling drugs between 2011 and 2017, and found that the percentages of nichebuster cancer drugs and home region-oriented drugs have increased whereas the proportions of traditional blockbuster cardiovascular drugs and global drugs have decreased. We compared product life cycle patterns via a Kruskal–Wallis test, and identified the features of product life cycle patterns per therapeutic area and modality. We performed a case study on drugs in the same class with the same pharmacological mechanism but found no differences across cases. Our results provide insights into therapeutic area strategies that consider life cycle patterns and geographic strategies that consider the competitive advantages of home region-oriented drugs. Finally, we presented new and simple models of life cycle patterns. This approach may help such enterprises establish and maintain sustainable growth.

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Enomoto, Keisuke, Xuguang Zhu, Sunmi Park, Li Zhao, Yuelin J. Zhu, Mark C. Willingham, Jun Qi, John A. Copland, Paul Meltzer, and Sheue-yann Cheng. "Targeting MYC as a Therapeutic Intervention for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 7 (March 28, 2017): 2268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3771.

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Abstract Context: Recent studies showed that transcription of the MYC gene is driven by the interaction of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins with acetylated histones on chromatin. JQ1, a potent inhibitor that effectively disrupts the interaction of BET proteins with acetylated histones, preferentially suppresses transcription of the MYC gene. We recently reported that JQ1 decreased thyroid tumor growth and improved survival in a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) by targeting MYC transcription. The role of MYC in human ATC and whether JQ1 can effectively target MYC as a treatment modality have not been elucidated. Objective: To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of JQ1, we evaluated its efficacy in human ATC cell lines and xenograft models. Design: We determined the effects of JQ1 on proliferation and invasion in cell lines and xenograft tumors. We identified key regulators critical for JQ1-affected proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Results: JQ1 markedly inhibited proliferation of four ATC cell lines by suppression of MYC and elevation of p21and p27 to decrease phosphorylated Rb and delay cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. JQ1 blocked cell invasion by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals. These cell-based studies were further confirmed in xenograft studies in which the size and rate of tumor growth were inhibited by JQ1 via inhibition of p21-cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase-Rb-E2F signaling. Conclusions: These results suggest targeting of the MYC protein could be a potential treatment modality for human ATC for which effective treatment options are limited.

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Davis, Mark E., Zhuo Chen, and Dong M. Shin. "Nanoparticle therapeutics: an emerging treatment modality for cancer." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 7, no. 9 (September 2008): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd2614.

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Srinivas, Sandy. "Management of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 19, no. 5.5 (May 2021): 614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2021.5003.

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Notable developments in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) include newer, more sophisticated imaging methods based on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET and development of radionuclide ligands for use with this modality. In the therapeutic area, PSMA PET–guided therapeutics are under study, and PARP inhibitors are being used to treat patients with gene alterations directly or indirectly involved with the homologous recombination repair pathway. Cabazitaxel has emerged as an effective third-line option for patients treated with prior novel hormonal agents and/or prior docetaxel. As investigators learn more about sequencing therapies for mCRPC, previous exposure is an important consideration for choice of treatment at disease progression.

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Hasegawa, Bruce H., Kenneth H. Wong, Koji Iwata, William C. Barber, Andrew B. Hwang, Anne E. Sakdinawat, Mohan Ramaswamy, David C. Price, and Randall A. Hawkins. "Dual-Modality Imaging of Cancer with SPECT/CT." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, no. 6 (December 2002): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100605.

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Dual-modality imaging is an in vivo diagnostic technique that obtains structural and functional information directly from patient studies in a way that cannot be achieved with separate imaging systems alone. Dual-modality imaging systems are configured by combining computed tomography (CT) with radionuclide imaging (using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)) on a single gantry which allows both functional and structural imaging to be performed during a single imaging session without having the patient leave the imaging system. A SPECT/CT system developed at UCSF is being used in a study to determine if dual-modality imaging offers advantages for assessment of patients with prostate cancer using111 In-ProstaScint®, a radiolabeled antibody for the prostate-specific membrane antigen.111 In-ProstaScint® images are reconstructed using an iterative maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm with correction for photon attenuation using a patient-specific map of attenuation coefficients derived from CT. The ML-EM algorithm accounts for the dual-photon nature of the111 In-labeled radionuclide, and incorporates correction for the geometric response of the radionuclide collimator. The radionuclide image then can be coregistered and overlaid in color on a grayscale CT image for improved localization of the functional information from SPECT. Radionuclide images obtained with SPECT/CT and reconstructed using ML-EM with correction for photon attenuation and collimator response improve image quality in comparison to conventional radionuclide images obtained with filtered backprojection reconstruction. These results illustrate the potential advantages of dual-modality imaging for improving the quality and the localization of radionuclide uptake for staging disease, planning treatment, and monitoring therapeutic response in patients with cancer.

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Little, Richard F., and Kieron Dunleavy. "Update on the treatment of HIV-associated hematologic malignancies." Hematology 2013, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.382.

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Abstract HIV is associated with an excess cancer risk, particularly of lymphoid malignancies. Modern therapeutics has changed the landscape of HIV disease and typical opportunistic complications of AIDS are now largely avoided. Although the risk of lymphoma has decreased, it still remains high. Nevertheless, treatment outcomes have improved due both to improvements in HIV medicine and in cancer therapeutics for the common lymphomas occurring in those with HIV infection. Other hematologic malignancies are rarely seen in HIV-infected patients, but the standardized risk ratio for many of these cancers is higher than in the background population. Principles of cancer care and appreciation for HIV infection as a comorbid condition can guide physicians in setting realistic goals and treatment for this patient population. In many cases, expected outcomes are very similar to the HIV-unrelated patients and therapeutic planning should be based on this understanding. Treatment tolerance can be predicted based on the status of the HIV disease and the cancer therapy being administered. For those hematologic cancers in which transplantation is part of standard care, this modality should be considered an option in those with HIV infection.

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Atwa, Sara M., Margarete Odenthal, and Hend M. El Tayebi. "Genetic Heterogeneity, Therapeutic Hurdle Confronting Sorafenib and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174343.

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Despite the latest advances in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening and treatment modalities, HCC is still representing a global burden. Most HCC patients present at later stages to an extent that conventional curative options are ineffective. Hence, systemic therapy represented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, in the first-line setting is the main treatment modality for advanced-stage HCC. However, in the two groundbreaking phase III clinical trials, the SHARP and Asia-Pacific trials, sorafenib has demonstrated a modest prolongation of overall survival in almost 30% of HCC patients. As HCC develops in an immune-rich milieu, particular attention has been placed on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a novel therapeutic modality for HCC. Yet, HCC therapy is hampered by the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and the subsequent tumor recurrence. HCC is characterized by substantial genomic heterogeneity that has an impact on cellular response to the applied therapy. And hence, this review aims at giving an insight into the therapeutic impact and the different mechanisms of resistance to sorafenib and ICIs as well as, discussing the genomic heterogeneity associated with such mechanisms.

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Brizel, David. "Management of Human Papillomavirus–Induced Oropharynx Cancer." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 32 (June 2012): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.57.

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Overview: Oropharynx cancer (OPC) constitutes the most common location for squamous-cell head and neck cancer, and most OPC is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Early-stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage I and II) disease should be treated with single modality surgery or radiotherapy whenever possible. More advanced presentations generally require combined-modality therapy with various combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy or molecularly targeted therapy. All of these approaches expose patients to a substantial risk of serious long-term functional morbidity. HPV-induced OPC has a very favorable prognosis compared with its HPV-negative counterpart irrespective of the treatment platform that is used. Current clinical trials are investigating the concept of therapeutic deintensification with the dual objectives of decreasing toxicity and maintaining efficacy.

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Murthy, Vedang, Sayan Kundu, Tanweer Shahid, Ashwini Budrukkar, Tejpal Gupta, Sarbani Ghosh Laskar, and Jaiprakash Agarwal. "Postoperative Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 2, no. 1 (2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1016.

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Abstract Though early stage head and neck cancers can be cured either by surgery or radiation, patients with locally advanced disease continues to pose a therapeutic challenge. Locoregional failure is the major cause of death in head and neck cancers. As the outcome of locally advanced head and neck cancer is less than promising, a combined modality approach is generally undertaken in this group of patients. The combination of surgery, radiation and more recently, chemotherapy and targeted therapy can improve outcomes in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients. This overview discusses the rationale and role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in advanced head and neck cancers, the radiotherapy technique in brief and methods of enhancing the efficacy of postoperative RT by altering the fractionation schedules and adding chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

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Duda, Dan G., Rakesh K. Jain, and Christopher G. Willett. "Antiangiogenics: The Potential Role of Integrating This Novel Treatment Modality With Chemoradiation for Solid Cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 26 (September 10, 2007): 4033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.11.3985.

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Although still in very early stages of clinical development, the combination of antiangiogenics with contemporary chemoradiotherapy regimens has emerged as a feasible and promising approach to many cancers. We review the rationale and the current understanding of antiangiogenics and their therapeutic potential in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Finally, we offer a perspective on future research directions aimed at making this complex therapeutic approach successful in the clinic.

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Tormoen, Garth W., Marka R. Crittenden, and Michael J. Gough. "The TAM family as a therapeutic target in combination with radiation therapy." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 5 (December 12, 2017): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170066.

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Radiation therapy is primarily a modality to kill cancer cells in the treatment field. It is becoming increasingly clear that radiation therapy can also be used to direct immune responses that have the potential to clear residual local or distant disease outside the treatment field. We believe that cancer cell death is the critical link between these processes. Understanding the handling of dying cancer cells by immune cells in the tumor environment is crucial to facilitate immune responses following radiation therapy. We review the role of the TAM (Tyro3 Axl Mertk) group of receptor tyrosine kinases and their role following radiation-induced cancer cell death in the tumor environment.

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He, Xinjia, Qiaqia He, Lihua Wang, and Xiaofei He. "New Researches about Combinatorial Therapeutic Regimen on Cancer Treatment." Current Cancer Therapy Reviews 16, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573394715666190906125014.

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Cancer is a refractory disease, which brings physical, mental and economic sufferings on patients and their families. The activation of oncogenes and/or the deletion of tumor repressors result in uncontrolled tumor survival and proliferation. Therapeutic resistance and cancer recurrence are common issues during the course of clinical treatment. Since each single treatment can’t eradicate tumor cells completely, the development of combinatorial therapeutic regimen is in the spotlight for several decades. Combinatorial therapeutic regimen, a treatment modality that combines two or more therapeutic agents, targets key pathways in a characteristically synergistic or an additive manner. It aims to improve the efficacy and magnitude of therapeutic responses and reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance by using optimal drug dose with tolerable side effect. Currently, the combinatorial therapeutic regimen not only includes various chemicals, but also diverse therapeutic modalities which affected DNA damage repair, protein localization and degradation, post-translational modification, cell metabolism and apoptosis, as well as immune response.

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Cha, Edward, and Lawrence Fong. "Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Biology and Therapeutic Approaches." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27 (September 20, 2011): 3677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.34.5025.

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Although prostate cancer was not historically considered to be a particularly immune-responsive cancer, recent clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy for prostate cancer can lead to improvements in overall survival (OS). These studies include randomized controlled trials with sipuleucel-T and another with PROSTVAC-VF, both of which rely on stimulating the immune system to target prostate proteins. This review discusses the most promising developments over the past year in immune-based therapy for prostate cancer and the opportunities that lie ahead. Recent randomized immunotherapy trials in prostate cancer have demonstrated improvements in OS but without the concomitant improvements in progression-free survival. This uncoupling of survival from clinical response poses challenges to clinical management, because conventional measures of objective response cannot be used to identify patients benefiting from treatment. There is a significant need to identify immunologic or clinical surrogates for survival so that clinical benefit can be assessed in a timely manner. Immunotherapy is now an established treatment approach for prostate cancer, with multiple clinical trials demonstrating improvements in OS. Significant challenges to this modality remain, including determining best clinical setting for immunotherapy, identifying patients who benefit, and defining relevant clinical and immunologic end points. Nevertheless, the broader availability of novel immunotherapies will provide opportunities not only to target different components of the immune system but also to combine immunotherapies with other treatments for improved clinical efficacy.

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Huang, Gan, and Shu-Ting Pan. "ROS-Mediated Therapeutic Strategy in Chemo-/Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5047987.

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Head and neck cancer is a highly genetic and metabolic heterogeneous collection of malignancies of the lip, oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and larynx with five-year survival rates ranging from 12% to 93%. Patients with head and neck cancer typically present with advanced stage III, IVa, or IVb disease and are treated with comprehensive modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Despite advancements in treatment modality and technique, noisome recurrence, invasiveness, and resistance as well as posttreatment complications severely influence survival rate and quality of life. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed that offer enhanced efficacy with less toxicity. ROS in cancer cells plays a vital role in regulating cell death, DNA repair, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment, all of which have been implicated in resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Adjusting ROS generation and elimination to reverse the resistance of cancer cells without impairing normal cells show great hope in improving the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. In the current review, we discuss the pivotal and targetable redox-regulating system including superoxide dismutases (SODs), tripeptide glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trxs), peroxiredoxins (PRXs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/keap1), and mitochondria electron transporter chain (ETC) complexes and their roles in regulating ROS levels and their clinical significance implicated in chemo-/radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. We also summarize several old drugs (referred to as the non-anti-cancer drugs used in other diseases for a long time) and small molecular compounds as well as natural herbs which effectively modulate cellular ROS of head and neck cancer to synergize the efficacy of conventional chemo-/radiotherapy. Emerging interdisciplinary techniques including photodynamic, nanoparticle system, and Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy are promising measures to broaden the potency of ROS modulation for the benefit of chemo-/radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

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Zhou, Gang, and Hyam Levitsky. "Towards Curative Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Posttherapy Tumor Escape." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124187.

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The past decade has witnessed the evolvement of cancer immunotherapy as an increasingly effective therapeutic modality, evidenced by the approval of two immune-based products by the FDA, that is, the cancer vaccine Provenge (sipuleucel-T) for prostate cancer and the antagonist antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. In addition, the clinical evaluations of a variety of promising immunotherapy drugs are well under way. Benefiting from more efficacious immunotherapeutic agents and treatment strategies, a number of recent clinical studies have achieved unprecedented therapeutic outcomes in some patients with certain types of cancers. Despite these advances, however, the efficacy of most cancer immunotherapies currently under clinical development has been modest. A recurring scenario is that therapeutic maneuvers initially led to measurable antitumor immune responses in cancer patients but ultimately failed to improve patient outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that tumor cells can antagonize therapy-induced immune attacks through a variety of counterregulation mechanisms, which represent a fundamental barrier to the success of cancer immunotherapy. Herein we summarize the findings from some recent preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on how tumor cells advance their survival and expansion by hijacking therapy-induced immune effector mechanisms that would otherwise mediate their destruction.

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Bhavar, Prashant Kashinath, Uday Kumar Surampudi, Partha Pratim Sarma, Satish Katike, and Adilakshmi Gandham. "Abstract A037: PROTACs as emergent treatment modality of metastatic prostate cancer. [R." Cancer Research 83, no. 2_Supplement_2 (January 15, 2023): A037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-a037.

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Abstract Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and fourth leading cause of cancer death in men, with low survival rates for metastatic cancers. Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the most altered Oncogenes in castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Suppression of AR signalling is one of the common strategies to treat prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the backbone therapy for decades and demonstrated survival benefit when used alongside other therapies including Docetaxel, cabazitaxel or hormone based anti-androgen therapies such as Enzalutamide, abiraterone, darolutamide, and apalutamide. Unfortunately, amplification or mutation in AR gene along with its associated pathway such as alteration of PI3K pathway or upregulation of MYC oncogene drive mCRPC cell proliferation and confers resistance to existing therapies. To overcome such resistance mechanisms, targeted therapy towards Androgen receptor has emerged, where ligand conjugated small molecule inhibitors using proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy, could effectively downregulate the AR expression. Several PROTACs as ‘Androgen Receptor Degraders (ARD)’ are showing promising activity in early-stage clinical studies. Although a promising strategy, challenges exist for its development in future; given that finding the most appropriate protein-protein interaction is essential to find optimal ligand to successfully design PROTAC. Similarly, challenges to optimize safety and efficacy of PROTACs in the clinic, also remain to be addressed. Here we aim to provide comprehensive review, including patent landscape of the therapeutic benefits of using PROTACs and its future development prospect in context to metastatic prostate cancer. Citation Format: Prashant Kashinath Bhavar, Uday Kumar Surampudi, Partha Pratim Sarma, Satish Katike, Adilakshmi Gandham. PROTACs as emergent treatment modality of metastatic prostate cancer. [R [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A037.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Therapeutic modality for cancer'

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