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Journal articles on the topic 'Theranostic nanomedicine'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Manners, Natasha, Vishnu Priya, Abhishesh Mehata, Manoj Rawat, Syam Mohan, Hafiz Makeen, Mohammed Albratty, Ali Albarrati, Abdulkarim Meraya, and Madaswamy Muthu. "Theranostic Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Related Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15040441.

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Cardiovascular and related diseases (CVRDs) are among the most prevalent chronic diseases in the 21st century, with a high mortality rate. This review summarizes the various nanomedicines for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CVRDs, including nanomedicine for angina pectoris, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pericardial disorder, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and stroke. Theranostic nanomedicines can prolong systemic circulation, escape from the host defense system, and deliver theranostic agents to the targeted site for imaging and therapy at a cellular and molecular level. Presently, discrete non-invasive and non-surgical theranostic methodologies are such an advancement modality capable of targeted diagnosis and therapy and have better efficacy with fewer side effects than conventional medicine. Additionally, we have presented the recent updates on nanomedicine in clinical trials, targeted nanomedicine and its translational challenges for CVRDs. Theranostic nanomedicine acts as a bridge towards CVRDs amelioration and its management.

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2

Lammers, Twan, Silvio Aime, Wim E. Hennink, Gert Storm, and Fabian Kiessling. "Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200019c.

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3

Chen, Xiaoyuan, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, and Jinwoo Cheon. "Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200231d.

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4

Sharma, Shalini, Andrei V. Zvyagin, and Indrajit Roy. "Theranostic Applications of Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoactivated Therapies." Journal of Nanotheranostics 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jnt2030009.

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Nanoparticle-mediated light-activated therapies, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, are earnestly being viewed as efficient interventional strategies against several cancer types. Theranostics is a key hallmark of cancer nanomedicine since it allows diagnosis and therapy of both primary and metastatic cancer using a single nanoprobe. Advanced in vivo diagnostic imaging using theranostic nanoparticles not only provides precise information about the location of tumor/s but also outlines the narrow time window corresponding to the maximum tumor-specific drug accumulation. Such information plays a critical role in guiding light-activated therapies with high spatio-temporal accuracy. Furthermore, theranostics facilitates monitoring the progression of therapy in real time. Herein, we provide a general review of the application of theranostic nanoparticles for in vivo image-guided light-activated therapy in cancer. The imaging modalities considered here include fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, thermal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The review concludes with a brief discussion about the broad scope of theranostic light-activated nanomedicine.

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5

Sumer, Baran, and Jinming Gao. "Theranostic nanomedicine for cancer." Nanomedicine 3, no. 2 (April 2008): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17435889.3.2.137.

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6

Yu, Luodan, Yu Chen, and Hangrong Chen. "H2O2-responsive theranostic nanomedicine." Chinese Chemical Letters 28, no. 9 (September 2017): 1841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.023.

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7

Feng, Wei, and Yu Chen. "Chemoreactive nanomedicine." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 31 (2020): 6753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00436g.

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8

Vijayan, Vineeth M., Pradipika Natamai Vasudevan, and Vinoy Thomas. "Polymeric Nanogels for Theranostic Applications: A Mini-Review." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190717145040.

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Theranostics is a recently emerging area in nanomedicine. Nanoparticles which can combine both diagnostic and therapy in one single platform serve as theranostic agents. Some of the currently explored nanoparticles are metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbonbased nanoparticles, and polymer nanogels. Polymeric nanogels are receiving considerable attention due to their high biocompatibility and functional performance. The present review article briefly summarizes the scopes and challenges of the state of art of using polymeric nanogels for theranostic applications. Among the different polymer nanogels, a special emphasis is given to polymeric nanogels with innate imaging potential.

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9

Nagaich, Upendra. "Theranostic nanomedicine: Potential therapeutic epitome." Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 6, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.150354.

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10

Nair, Madhavan. "Personalized NanoMedicine: Novel Theranostic Approach." Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 3 (2020): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2020032948.

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11

Pan, Dipanjan. "Theranostic Nanomedicine with Functional Nanoarchitecture." Molecular Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp400044j.

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12

Mkhatshwa, Marcus, Joshua Mamolatelo Moremi, Katlego Makgopa, and Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum. "Nanoparticles Functionalised with Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes for Cancer Theranostics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126546.

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Globally, cancer is the second (to cardiovascular diseases) leading cause of death. Regardless of various efforts (i.e., finance, research, and workforce) to advance novel cancer theranostics (diagnosis and therapy), there have been few successful attempts towards ongoing clinical treatment options as a result of the complications posed by cancerous tumors. In recent years, the application of magnetic nanomedicine as theranostic devices has garnered enormous attention in cancer treatment research. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are capable of tuning the magnetic field in their environment, which positively impacts theranostic applications in nanomedicine significantly. MNPs are utilized as contrasting agents for cancer diagnosis, molecular imaging, hyperfusion region visualization, and T cell-based radiotherapy because of their interesting features of small size, high reactive surface area, target ability to cells, and functionalization capability. Radiolabelling of NPs is a powerful diagnostic approach in nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. The use of luminescent radioactive rhenium(I), 188/186Re, tricarbonyl complexes functionalised with magnetite Fe3O4 NPs in nanomedicine has improved the diagnosis and therapy of cancer tumors. This is because the combination of Re(I) with MNPs can improve low distribution and cell penetration into deeper tissues.

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13

Bukhari, Sarah I., Syed Sarim Imam, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad, Parameswara Rao Vuddanda, Sultan Alshehri, Wael A. Mahdi, and Javed Ahmad. "Recent Progress in Lipid Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics: Opportunity and Challenges." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060840.

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Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality in the world. The implication of nanotherapeutics in cancer has garnered splendid attention owing to their capability to efficiently address various difficulties associated with conventional drug delivery systems such as non-specific biodistribution, poor efficacy, and the possibility of occurrence of multi-drug resistance. Amongst a plethora of nanocarriers for drugs, this review emphasized lipidic nanocarrier systems for delivering anticancer therapeutics because of their biocompatibility, safety, high drug loading and capability to simultaneously carrying imaging agent and ligands as well. Furthermore, to date, the lack of interaction between diagnosis and treatment has hampered the efforts of the nanotherapeutic approach alone to deal with cancer effectively. Therefore, a novel paradigm with concomitant imaging (with contrasting agents), targeting (with biomarkers), and anticancer agent being delivered in one lipidic nanocarrier system (as cancer theranostics) seems to be very promising in overcoming various hurdles in effective cancer treatment. The major obstacles that are supposed to be addressed by employing lipidic theranostic nanomedicine include nanomedicine reach to tumor cells, drug internalization in cancer cells for therapeutic intervention, off-site drug distribution, and uptake via the host immune system. A comprehensive account of recent research updates in the field of lipidic nanocarrier loaded with therapeutic and diagnostic agents is covered in the present article. Nevertheless, there are notable hurdles in the clinical translation of the lipidic theranostic nanomedicines, which are also highlighted in the present review along with plausible countermeasures.

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14

Gilani, Sadaf Jamal, Sarwar Beg, Chandra Kala, Mohammed Shivli Nomani, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Syed Sarim Imam, and Mohamad Taleuzzaman. "Chemically Nano-Engineered Theranostics for Phytoconstituents as Healthcare Application." Current Biochemical Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212711906666190723144111.

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Background: Nanomedicines are capable of disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and in monitoring the therapeutic result to provide appropriate tasks towards research goals. The best therapeutic pattern can be achieved by developing a theranostic nanomedicine, which is an emerging field. It has the advantage of loading phytoconstituents as drugs and is useful for both imaging and therapeutic function. Methods: Nowadays, the design of a novel drug delivery system of the herbal constituent is usually done through the nanotechnology approach. This technique increases the biological activity and counters the puzzles associated with plant medicines. Traditional medicine integration with nanocarriers as an NDDS is very essential in the management of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Results: The nanotechnology combination with plant science is a green revolution with a practical approach for decreasing the therapeutic side effects. The object of the study is to review herbal nanomedicine with an enhanced therapeutic profile and less toxicity. Conclusion: The development of herbal theranostic nanoformulation is very useful for the treatment of different diseases.

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15

Li, Zhenli, Luodan Yu, Tian Yang, and Yu Chen. "Theranostic nanomedicine by surface nanopore engineering." Science China Chemistry 61, no. 10 (August 8, 2018): 1243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9297-5.

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16

Theek, Benjamin, Larissa Y. Rizzo, Josef Ehling, Fabian Kiessling, and Twan Lammers. "The theranostic path to personalized nanomedicine." Clinical and Translational Imaging 2, no. 1 (February 2014): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40336-014-0051-5.

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17

Swierczewska, M., H. S. Han, K. Kim, J. H. Park, and S. Lee. "Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for theranostic nanomedicine." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 99 (April 2016): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.015.

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18

Zhang, Qing, Mingying Yang, Ye Zhu, and Chuanbin Mao. "Metallic Nanoclusters for Cancer Imaging and Therapy." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 12 (April 19, 2018): 1379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170331122757.

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Background: Nanoclusters are made of a few to tens of atoms with a size below 2 nm. Compared with nanoparticles, they exhibited excellent properties, such as tunable fluorescence, ease of conjugation, high quantum yield and biocompatibility, which are highly desired in the development of cancer nanotheranostics. Hence, the metallic nanoclusters have emerged as a newcomer in cancer nanomedicines. This review aims to summarize recently developed approaches to preparing metallic nanoclusters, highlight their applications in cancer theranostics, and provide a brief outlook for the future developments of nanoclusters in nanomedicine. Method: We carried out a thorough literature search using online databases. The search was focused on a centered question. Irrelevant articles were excluded after further examination and directly relevant articles were included. The relevant articles were classified by the subjects and the information from these articles was synthesized. Results: One hundred and forty-three articles were included in this review. About eighty articles outlined the development in the synthetic methods of nanoclusters. The synthesis approaches include chemical reduction, photoreduction and so on. The progress in the application of gold and silver nanoclusters to cancer theranostics was described in fifteen and eight articles, respectively. The rest articles were about the advancements in the use of other metal nanoclusters and nanocluster nanocomposites as cancer theranostic agents. Conclusion: This review summarizes the synthesis and use of metallic nanoclusters or their nanocomposites as cancer theranostic agents. It confirms their importance, advantages and potentials in serving as a new generation of cancer theranostics in clinics.

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19

Cauda, Valentina. "Stimuli-responsive hybrid nanoconstructs for efficient theranostic applications in nanomedicine." Project Repository Journal 15, no. 1 (November 7, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54050/prj1519538.

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Stimuli-responsive hybrid nanoconstructs for efficient theranostic applications in nanomedicine The multidisciplinary ERC Starting Grant project “Hybrid immune-eluding nanocrystals as smart and active theranostic weapons against cancer” (TrojaNanoHorse) and the following ERC Proof-of-Concept Grant aim to develop a new generation of multifunctional theranostic nanosystems and apply them for improved cancer treatment, efficient cell imaging and for providing high safety for the hosting organism.

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20

Jin, Ke-Tao, Jia-Yu Yao, Xiao-Jiang Ying, Yan Lin, and Yun-Fang Chen. "Nanomedicine and Early Cancer Diagnosis: Molecular Imaging using Fluorescence Nanoparticles." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 30 (December 3, 2020): 2737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200922112640.

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Incorporating nanotechnology into fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promising potential for accurate diagnosis of cancer at an earlier stage than the conventional imaging modalities. Molecular imaging (MI) aims to quantitatively characterize, visualize, and measure the biological processes or living cells at molecular and genetic levels. MI modalities have been exploited in different applications including noninvasive determination and visualization of diseased tissues, cell trafficking visualization, early detection, treatment response monitoring, and in vivo visualization of living cells. High-affinity molecular probe and imaging modality to detect the probe are the two main requirements of MI. Recent advances in nanotechnology and allied modalities have facilitated the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as MI probes. Within the extensive group of NPs, fluorescent NPs play a prominent role in optical molecular imaging. The fluorescent NPs used in molecular and cellular imaging can be categorized into three main groups including quantum dots (QDs), upconversion, and dyedoped NPs. Fluorescent NPs have great potential in targeted theranostics including cancer imaging, immunoassay- based cells, proteins and bacteria detections, imaging-guided surgery, and therapy. Fluorescent NPs have shown promising potentials for drug and gene delivery, detection of the chromosomal abnormalities, labeling of DNA, and visualizing DNA replication dynamics. Multifunctional NPs have been successfully used in a single theranostic modality integrating diagnosis and therapy. The unique characteristics of multifunctional NPs make them potential theranostic agents that can be utilized concurrently for diagnosis and therapy. This review provides the state of the art of the applications of nanotechnologies in early cancer diagnosis focusing on fluorescent NPs, their synthesis methods, and perspectives in clinical theranostics.

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21

Fan, Zhen, Peter P. Fu, Hongtao Yu, and Paresh C. Ray. "Theranostic nanomedicine for cancer detection and treatment." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 22, no. 1 (March 2014): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.001.

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22

Cerqueira, Mónica, Efres Belmonte-Reche, Juan Gallo, Fátima Baltazar, and Manuel Bañobre-López. "Magnetic Solid Nanoparticles and Their Counterparts: Recent Advances towards Cancer Theranostics." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030506.

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Cancer is currently a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an increase of 60% in the global cancer incidence in the next two decades. The inefficiency of the currently available therapies has prompted an urgent effort to develop new strategies that enable early diagnosis and improve response to treatment. Nanomedicine formulations can improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional therapies and result in optimized cancer treatments. In particular, theranostic formulations aim at addressing the high heterogeneity of tumors and metastases by integrating imaging properties that enable a non-invasive and quantitative assessment of tumor targeting efficiency, drug delivery, and eventually the monitoring of the response to treatment. However, in order to exploit their full potential, the promising results observed in preclinical stages need to achieve clinical translation. Despite the significant number of available functionalization strategies, targeting efficiency is currently one of the major limitations of advanced nanomedicines in the oncology area, highlighting the need for more efficient nanoformulation designs that provide them with selectivity for precise cancer types and tumoral tissue. Under this current need, this review provides an overview of the strategies currently applied in the cancer theranostics field using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), where both nanocarriers have recently entered the clinical trials stage. The integration of these formulations into magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles—with different composition and phenotypic activity—constitutes a new generation of theranostic nanomedicines with great potential for the selective, controlled, and safe delivery of chemotherapy.

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23

Aggarwal, Amit, Diana Samaroo, Ivana Radivojevic Jovanovic, Sunaina Singh, Michelle Paola Tuz, and Marilyn Rampersad Mackiewicz. "Porphyrinoid-based photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: An update." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 07n08 (July 2019): 729–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619300118.

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Porphyrin-based molecules are actively studied as dual function theranostics: fluorescence-based imaging for diagnostics and fluorescence-guided therapeutic treatment of cancers. The intrinsic fluorescent and photodynamic properties of the bimodal molecules allows for these theranostic approaches. Several porphyrinoids bearing both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic units at their periphery have been developed for the aforementioned applications, but better tumor selectivity and high efficacy to destroy tumor cells is always a key setback for their use. Another issue related to their effective clinical use is that, most of these chromophores form aggregates under physiological conditions. Nanomaterials that are known to possess incredible properties that cannot be achieved from their bulk systems can serve as carriers for these chromophores. Porphyrinoids, when conjugated with nanomaterials, can be enabled to perform as multifunctional nanomedicine devices. The integrated properties of these porphyrinoid-nanomaterial conjugated systems make them useful for selective drug delivery, theranostic capabilities, and multimodal bioimaging. This review highlights the use of porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines as well as their multifunctional nanodevices in various biomedical theranostic platforms.

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24

Kundu, Paromita, Deepika Singh, Abhalaxmi Singh, and Sanjeeb K. Sahoo. "Cancer Nanotheranostics: A Nanomedicinal Approach for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 11 (July 8, 2020): 1288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190820145930.

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The panorama of cancer treatment has taken a considerable leap over the last decade with the advancement in the upcoming novel therapies combined with modern diagnostics. Nanotheranostics is an emerging science that holds tremendous potential as a contrivance by integrating therapy and imaging in a single probe for cancer diagnosis and treatment thus offering the advantage like tumor-specific drug delivery and at the same time reduced side effects to normal tissues. The recent surge in nanomedicine research has also paved the way for multimodal theranostic nanoprobe towards personalized therapy through interaction with a specific biological system. This review presents an overview of the nano theranostics approach in cancer management and a series of different nanomaterials used in theranostics and the possible challenges with future directions.

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25

Locatelli, E., I. Monaco, and M. Comes Franchini. "Surface modifications of gold nanorods for applications in nanomedicine." RSC Advances 5, no. 28 (2015): 21681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16473c.

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26

Li, Zelun, Kelong Ai, Zhe Yang, Tianqi Zhang, Jianhua Liu, and Xiaoqiang Cui. "Untrasmall Bi2S3 nanodots for in vivo X-ray CT imaging-guided photothermal therapy of cancer." RSC Advances 7, no. 47 (2017): 29672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04132b.

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Theranostic nanomedicine has shown tremendous promise for more effective and predictive cancer treatment by real-time mornitoring of the delivery of therapeutics to tumors and subsequent therapeutic response.

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27

Priya, Vishnu, Matte Kasi Viswanadh, Abhishesh Kumar Mehata, Dharmendra Jain, Sanjeev K. Singh, and Madaswamy S. Muthu. "Targeted nanotherapeutics in the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis." Nanomedicine 16, no. 13 (June 2021): 1153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0058.

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Currently available anti-thrombotic therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis includes intravenous administration of anti-thrombotic drugs which lead to severe bleeding risks such as cerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Targeting approaches that utilize nanosystems to reach the thrombus sites are emerging to increase the local effect of anti-thrombotic drugs, as well as to decrease these severe bleeding complications by diminishing the systemic availability of these drugs. This review emphasizes the emerging targeted nanomedicines (liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, material bases nanoparticles and other biological vectors) for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events as well as multifunctional nanomedicines for theranostic applications. Nanomedicine offers a promising platform for a smart, safe, and effective approach for the management of thrombosis.

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Singh, Deepika, Fahima Dilnawaz, and Sanjeeb Kumar Sahoo. "Challenges of moving theranostic nanomedicine into the clinic." Nanomedicine 15, no. 2 (January 2020): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2019-0401.

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29

Yanling, You, Tang Zhongmin, Lin Han, and Shi Jianlin. "Emerging two-dimensional material nanozymes for theranostic nanomedicine." Biophysics Reports 7, no. 3 (2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52601/bpr.2021.210011.

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30

Prabhu, Priyanka, and Vandana Patravale. "The Upcoming Field of Theranostic Nanomedicine: An Overview." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 859–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2012.1459.

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31

Qian, Xiaoqin, Zi Gu, and Yu Chen. "Two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets for theranostic nanomedicine." Materials Horizons 4, no. 5 (2017): 800–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00305f.

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32

Cabral, Horacio, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, and Kazunori Kataoka. "Supramolecular Nanodevices: From Design Validation to Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200094a.

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33

Porret, Estelle, Xavier Le Guével, and Jean-Luc Coll. "Gold nanoclusters for biomedical applications: toward in vivo studies." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 11 (2020): 2216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02767j.

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In parallel with the rapidly growing and widespread use of nanomedicine in the clinic, we are also witnessing the development of so-called theranostic agents that combine diagnostic and therapeutic properties.

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Coene, A., and J. Leliaert. "Magnetic nanoparticles in theranostic applications." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 16 (April 28, 2022): 160902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085202.

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Nanomedicine research recently started exploring the combination of therapy and diagnostics, so-called theranostics, as an approach to offer a more flexible, personal, and precise care with improved patient outcomes. As magnetic nanoparticles show great potential in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, they are prime candidates to be used in a theranostic platform to realize this vision. This Perspective gives an overview of state-of-the-art magnetic imaging techniques and theranostic applications based on magnetic nanoparticles and discusses their opportunities and associated challenges. In order to address these challenges and to exploit these opportunities to the fullest, we discuss three promising research directions. The first considers the use of novel magnetic field sequences to utilize the rich magnetic dynamics of the particles, allowing a more accurate diagnosis and boosting the performance of many nanoparticle-based applications. Second, we introduce the innovative concept of smart theranostics based on feedback mechanisms between the particle applications and their supporting imaging procedure to enhance the performance of both and to allow real-time monitoring of treatment efficiency. Finally, we show the twofold advantage of applying data-driven models to enhance therapy and diagnostics on the one hand and for handling the platform’s large amount of data and associated decision support algorithms on the other. The latter research track is extended to include hybrid models in which physics-based and data-driven models are combined to overcome challenges of applications with limited data, making the data-driven part understandable, as well as in uncovering unknown nanoparticle dynamics. Contrasting other literature works, which mainly focus on developing magnetic nanoparticles with the right characteristics, we put forward advances in magnetic nanoparticle imaging techniques and applications to enable the use of a broader range of magnetic nanoparticles in theranostics. We seek to emphasize the importance of these building blocks as many research opportunities with a very high potential are still left open. Therefore, we encourage researchers to also take these aspects into account to advance theranostic applications of magnetic nanoparticles to real clinical environments.

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Carofiglio, Marco, Marco Laurenti, Veronica Vighetto, Luisa Racca, Sugata Barui, Nadia Garino, Roberto Gerbaldo, Francesco Laviano, and Valentina Cauda. "Iron-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Theranostics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 2628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102628.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are currently among the most promising nanomaterials for theranostics. However, they suffer from some drawbacks that could prevent their application in nanomedicine as theranostic agents. The doping of ZnO NPs can be effectively exploited to enhance the already-existing ZnO properties and introduce completely new functionalities in the doped material. Herein, we propose a novel synthetic approach for iron-doped ZnO (Fe:ZnO) NPs as a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform aimed at cancer cell treatment. Pure ZnO and Fe:ZnO NPs, with two different levels of iron doping, were synthesized by a rapid wet-chemical method and analyzed in terms of morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition. Interestingly, Fe:ZnO NPs featured bioimaging potentialities thanks to superior optical properties and novel magnetic responsiveness. Moreover, iron doping provides a way to enhance the electromechanical behavior of the NPs, which are then expected to show enhanced therapeutic functionalities. Finally, the intrinsic therapeutic potentialities of the NPs were tested in terms of cytotoxicity and cellular uptake with both healthy B lymphocytes and cancerous Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. Furthermore, their biocompatibility was tested with a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (BxPC-3), where the novel properties of the proposed iron-doped ZnO NPs can be potentially exploited for theranostics.

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36

Oggianu, Mariangela, Noemi Monni, Valentina Mameli, Carla Cannas, Suchithra Ashoka Sahadevan, and Maria Laura Mercuri. "Designing Magnetic NanoMOFs for Biomedicine: Current Trends and Applications." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6030039.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown a great potential in biomedicine due to their promising applications in different fields, including drug delivery, thermometry, theranostics etc. In this context, the development of magnetic sub-micrometric or nanometric MOFs through miniaturization approaches of magnetic MOFs up to the nanoscale still represents a crucial step to fabricate biomedical probes, especially in the field of theranostic nanomedicine. Miniaturization processes have to be properly designed to tailor the size and shape of particles and to retain magnetic properties and high porosity in the same material, fundamental prerequisites to develop smart nanocarriers integrating simultaneously therapeutic and contrast agents for targeted chemotherapy or other specific clinical use. An overview of current trends on the design of magnetic nanoMOFs in the field of biomedicine, with particular emphasis on theranostics and bioimaging, is herein envisioned.

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37

Zhu, Bihui, Liyun Wang, Jianbo Huang, Xi Xiang, Yuanjiao Tang, Chong Cheng, Feng Yan, Lang Ma, and Li Qiu. "Ultrasound-triggered perfluorocarbon-derived nanobombs for targeted therapies of rheumatoid arthritis." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 29 (2019): 4581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00978g.

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The targeted US-triggered PFC-based “nanobombs” with US used to treat the RA in this work would offer a new treatment strategy and have a great potential for the application in the areas of theranostic agent and nanomedicine treatment.

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Lage, Teresa, Raquel O. Rodrigues, Susana Catarino, Juan Gallo, Manuel Bañobre-López, and Graça Minas. "Graphene-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostics: An Overview for Their Potential in Clinical Application." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051073.

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The combination of diagnostics and therapy (theranostic) is one of the most complex, yet promising strategies envisioned for nanoengineered multifunctional systems in nanomedicine. From the various multimodal nanosystems proposed, a number of works have established the potential of Graphene-based Magnetic Nanoparticles (GbMNPs) as theranostic platforms. This magnetic nanosystem combines the excellent magnetic performance of magnetic nanoparticles with the unique properties of graphene-based materials, such as large surface area for functionalization, high charge carrier mobility and high chemical and thermal stability. This hybrid nanosystems aims toward a synergistic theranostic effect. Here, we focus on the most recent developments in GbMNPs for theranostic applications. Particular attention is given to the synergistic effect of these composites, as well as to the limitations and possible future directions towards a potential clinical application.

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Rahman, Mahfoozur, Mohammad Zaki Ahmad, Imran Kazmi ., Sohail Akhter, Yogesh Kumar, Farhan Jalees Ahmad, and Firoz Anwar. "Novel Approach for the Treatment of Cancer: Theranostic Nanomedicine." Pharmacologia 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.371.376.

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Yang, Bowen, Zi Gu, and Yu Chen. "Nanomedicine-Augmented Cancer-Localized Treatment by 3D Theranostic Implants." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 13, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 871–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2017.2401.

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Ambrogio, Michael W., Courtney R. Thomas, Yan-Li Zhao, Jeffrey I. Zink, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Mechanized Silica Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200018x.

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Barbosa, Amanda Alves, Severino Alves Júnior, Rosemairy Luciane Mendes, Ricardo Santana de Lima, and Andréa de Vasconcelos Ferraz. "Multifunctional hydroxyapatite with potential for application in theranostic nanomedicine." Materials Science and Engineering: C 116 (November 2020): 111227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111227.

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Rizzo, Larissa Y., Benjamin Theek, Gert Storm, Fabian Kiessling, and Twan Lammers. "Recent progress in nanomedicine: therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic applications." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24, no. 6 (December 2013): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.02.020.

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Wang, Yuemei, Wei Feng, and Yu Chen. "Chemistry of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets in theranostic nanomedicine." Chinese Chemical Letters 31, no. 4 (April 2020): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.11.016.

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O’Connell, Cailin, Sabrina VandenHeuvel, Aparna Kamat, Shreya Raghavan, and Biana Godin. "The Proteolytic Landscape of Ovarian Cancer: Applications in Nanomedicine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 9981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179981.

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Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality globally with an overall 5-year survival of 47%. The predominant subtype of OvCa is epithelial carcinoma, which can be highly aggressive. This review launches with a summary of the clinical features of OvCa, including staging and current techniques for diagnosis and therapy. Further, the important role of proteases in OvCa progression and dissemination is described. Proteases contribute to tumor angiogenesis, remodeling of extracellular matrix, migration and invasion, major processes in OvCa pathology. Multiple proteases, such as metalloproteinases, trypsin, cathepsin and others, are overexpressed in the tumor tissue. Presence of these catabolic enzymes in OvCa tissue can be exploited for improving early diagnosis and therapeutic options in advanced cases. Nanomedicine, being on the interface of molecular and cellular scales, can be designed to be activated by proteases in the OvCa microenvironment. Various types of protease-enabled nanomedicines are described and the studies that focus on their diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic potential are reviewed.

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Bashir, Waleed, and Sana Shahzadi. "Nanoparticles – a novel theranostic approach to treat alzheimer’s disease." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 9, no. 6 (November 24, 2022): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2022.09.00312.

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The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing day by day worldwide, which results in a poor quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment of AD is necessary to suppress the progression of the disease. Conventional treatments have several limitations due to the protective blood-brain barrier. In this review, we described a nanoparticle-based approach to crossing the blood-brain barrier for AD detection and treatment. Nanoparticles encapsulate the anti-AD drug and are directed to the target tissues where controlled release of the drug takes place. There are various types of nanoparticles that are used to encapsulate drugs, including solid-based nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, iron NPs, cerium NPs, selenium NPs, and gold NPs. In this review, we have described the use of different nanoparticles as nanomedicine. Nanoparticles are also coated with proteins and antibodies for efficient release of drugs. This review aims to provide clinical insights and the importance of nanotechnology in theranostics and describes how nanomedicine has revolutionized the drug delivery approach for AD treatment

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Feng, Liangzhu, Ziliang Dong, Danlei Tao, Yicheng Zhang, and Zhuang Liu. "The acidic tumor microenvironment: a target for smart cancer nano-theranostics." National Science Review 5, no. 2 (June 24, 2017): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx062.

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Abstract The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), which mainly results from the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells, has been characterized as a hallmark of solid tumors and found to be a pivotal factor participating in tumor progression. Recently, due to the increasing understanding of the acidic TME, it has been shown that the acidic TME could be utilized as a multifaceted target during the design of various pH-responsive nanoscale theranostic platforms for the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of cancers. In this article, we will give a focused overview on the latest progress in utilizing this characteristic acidic TME as the target of nano-theranostics to enable cancer-specific imaging and therapy. The future perspectives in the development of acidic TME-targeting nanomedicine strategies will be discussed afterwards.

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Roy, Shounak, and Amit Jaiswal. "Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 01, no. 04 (December 2017): 1750011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424942417500116.

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Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained a lot of attention from diverse scientific fields for applications in sensing, catalysis, nanoelectronics, material engineering, energy storage and biomedicine due to its unique structural, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Graphene-based nanomaterials emerge as a novel class of nanomedicine for cancer therapy for several reasons. Firstly, its structural properties like high surface area and aromaticity enables easy loading of hydrophobic drugs. Secondly, presence of oxygen containing functional groups improve its physiological stability and also act as site for biofunctionalization. Thirdly, its optical absorption in the NIR region enable them to act as photoagents for photothermal and photodynamic therapies of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, its intrinsic fluorescence property helps in bioimaging of cancer cells. Overall, graphene-based nanomaterials can act as agents for developing multifunctional theranostic platforms for carrying out more efficient detection and treatment of cancers. This review provides a detailed summary of the different applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in drug delivery, nucleic acid delivery, phototherapy, bioimaging and theranostics.

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Loukanov, Alexandre, Ayano Kuribara, Chavdar Filipov, and Svetla Nikolova. "Theranostic nanomachines for cancer treatment." Pharmacia 69, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e80595.

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Multifunctional programmed nanomachines with theranostic functions demonstrated great potential in the clinical practice of oncology, as well as the personalized nanomedicine. The reason is because such nanoagents with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions were found to be highly effective for cancer treatment. The appropriate design of nanomachines allows them to overcome the biological barriers of proliferative tumors and to distinguish the cancer cells from their normal counterparts. Moreover, the use of biocompatible and biodegradable precursors for construction of nanomachines minimize significantly the caused adverse effects to the normal tissue cells, which is a main problem of the chemotherapy. In addition, the utilization of theranostic nanomachines also enables an improved selectivity to the cancer in respect to its intrinsic complexity, heterogeneity, and dynamic evolution. Here we present the programmable functions and performance of the microenvironment-responsive nanomachines at a molecular level for cancer imaging and therapy.

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Arshad, Rabia, Maria Hassan Kiani, Abbas Rahdar, Saman Sargazi, Mahmood Barani, Shirin Shojaei, Muhammad Bilal, Deepak Kumar, and Sadanand Pandey. "Nano-Based Theranostic Platforms for Breast Cancer: A Review of Latest Advancements." Bioengineering 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070320.

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Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic multifactorial disease with various histological and molecular subtypes. Due to recent advancements, the mortality rate in BC has improved over the past five decades. Detection and treatment of many cancers are now possible due to the application of nanomedicine in clinical practice. Nanomedicine products such as Doxil® and Abraxane® have already been extensively used for BC adjuvant therapy with favorable clinical outcomes. However, these products were designed initially for generic anticancer purposes and not specifically for BC treatment. With a better understanding of the molecular biology of BC, several novel and promising nanotherapeutic strategies and devices have been developed in recent years. In this context, multi-functionalized nanostructures are becoming potential carriers for enhanced chemotherapy in BC patients. To design these nanostructures, a wide range of materials, such as proteins, lipids, polymers, and hybrid materials, can be used and tailored for specific purposes against BC. Selective targeting of BC cells results in the activation of programmed cell death in BC cells and can be considered a promising strategy for managing triple-negative BC. Currently, conventional BC screening methods such as mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are either costly or expose the user to hazardous radiation that could harm them. Therefore, there is a need for such analytical techniques for detecting BC that are highly selective and sensitive, have a very low detection limit, are durable, biocompatible, and reproducible. In detecting BC biomarkers, nanostructures are used alone or in conjunction with numerous molecules. This review intends to highlight the recent advances in nanomedicine in BC treatment and diagnosis, emphasizing the targeting of BC cells that overexpress receptors of epidermal growth factors. Researchers may gain insight from these strategies to design and develop more tailored nanomedicine for BC to achieve further improvements in cancer specificity, antitumorigenic effects, anti-metastasis effects, and drug resistance reversal effects.

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