Academic literature on the topic 'Theranostic nanomedicine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Theranostic nanomedicine"
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Manners, Natasha, Vishnu Priya, Abhishesh Mehata, Manoj Rawat, Syam Mohan, Hafiz Makeen, Mohammed Albratty, Ali Albarrati, Abdulkarim Meraya, and Madaswamy Muthu. "Theranostic Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular and Related Diseases: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15040441.
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Cardiovascular and related diseases (CVRDs) are among the most prevalent chronic diseases in the 21st century, with a high mortality rate. This review summarizes the various nanomedicines for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in CVRDs, including nanomedicine for angina pectoris, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pericardial disorder, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and stroke. Theranostic nanomedicines can prolong systemic circulation, escape from the host defense system, and deliver theranostic agents to the targeted site for imaging and therapy at a cellular and molecular level. Presently, discrete non-invasive and non-surgical theranostic methodologies are such an advancement modality capable of targeted diagnosis and therapy and have better efficacy with fewer side effects than conventional medicine. Additionally, we have presented the recent updates on nanomedicine in clinical trials, targeted nanomedicine and its translational challenges for CVRDs. Theranostic nanomedicine acts as a bridge towards CVRDs amelioration and its management.
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Lammers, Twan, Silvio Aime, Wim E. Hennink, Gert Storm, and Fabian Kiessling. "Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200019c.
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Chen, Xiaoyuan, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, and Jinwoo Cheon. "Theranostic Nanomedicine." Accounts of Chemical Research 44, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar200231d.
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Sharma, Shalini, Andrei V. Zvyagin, and Indrajit Roy. "Theranostic Applications of Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoactivated Therapies." Journal of Nanotheranostics 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jnt2030009.
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Nanoparticle-mediated light-activated therapies, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, are earnestly being viewed as efficient interventional strategies against several cancer types. Theranostics is a key hallmark of cancer nanomedicine since it allows diagnosis and therapy of both primary and metastatic cancer using a single nanoprobe. Advanced in vivo diagnostic imaging using theranostic nanoparticles not only provides precise information about the location of tumor/s but also outlines the narrow time window corresponding to the maximum tumor-specific drug accumulation. Such information plays a critical role in guiding light-activated therapies with high spatio-temporal accuracy. Furthermore, theranostics facilitates monitoring the progression of therapy in real time. Herein, we provide a general review of the application of theranostic nanoparticles for in vivo image-guided light-activated therapy in cancer. The imaging modalities considered here include fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, thermal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. The review concludes with a brief discussion about the broad scope of theranostic light-activated nanomedicine.
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Sumer, Baran, and Jinming Gao. "Theranostic nanomedicine for cancer." Nanomedicine 3, no. 2 (April 2008): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17435889.3.2.137.
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Yu, Luodan, Yu Chen, and Hangrong Chen. "H2O2-responsive theranostic nanomedicine." Chinese Chemical Letters 28, no. 9 (September 2017): 1841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.023.
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Feng, Wei, and Yu Chen. "Chemoreactive nanomedicine." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 31 (2020): 6753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00436g.
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Vijayan, Vineeth M., Pradipika Natamai Vasudevan, and Vinoy Thomas. "Polymeric Nanogels for Theranostic Applications: A Mini-Review." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190717145040.
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Theranostics is a recently emerging area in nanomedicine. Nanoparticles which can combine both diagnostic and therapy in one single platform serve as theranostic agents. Some of the currently explored nanoparticles are metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbonbased nanoparticles, and polymer nanogels. Polymeric nanogels are receiving considerable attention due to their high biocompatibility and functional performance. The present review article briefly summarizes the scopes and challenges of the state of art of using polymeric nanogels for theranostic applications. Among the different polymer nanogels, a special emphasis is given to polymeric nanogels with innate imaging potential.
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Nagaich, Upendra. "Theranostic nanomedicine: Potential therapeutic epitome." Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 6, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.150354.
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Nair, Madhavan. "Personalized NanoMedicine: Novel Theranostic Approach." Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 3 (2020): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2020032948.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Theranostic nanomedicine"
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Srinivasan, Supriya. "Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2171.
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Multifunctional agents for the management of highly heterogeneous diseases, like cancer, are gaining increased interest with the intent of improving the diagnostics and therapy of cancer patients. These agents are also important because more than one treatment modality is typically used for cancer therapy in the clinic. Further, nanotechnology offers a platform where more than one agent can be combined to help provide improved cancer diagnosis and therapy. Near-infrared light-activatable phototherapeutic agents have great potential in vivo. Body tissues have minimum absorption in the near- infrared range. They also have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs when used in combination with them. We have, hence, investigated the potential of two multifunctional targeted nanoparticles for combined chemo-phototherapy (employing near- infrared light activable agent) and for understanding their underlying cellular responses. The first is employing polymeric Poly-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with simultaneous incorporation of Indocyanine Green (ICG) (a near-infrared light-activatable photothermal agent) and Doxorubicin (DOX) and surface conjugated with anti-Human Epithelial Receptor-2 (HER-2). The PLGA nanoparticles were subjected to two modes of hyperthermia, incubator and laser hyperthermia, to mimic whole-body and localized hyperthermia used clinically. These nanoparticles upon laser exposure showed a rapid heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) response in comparison to the cellular HSP70 response upon incubator hyperthermia exposure. However, 12h post-treatment, downregulation of HSP70, was observed, thus, causing cellular apoptosis or necrosis based on the degree of thermal insult. These targeted nanoparticles, simultaneously incorporating agents, suffer from the limitation of release of both the agents from the nanoparticles and the need to control their release for bringing in effective therapy. Therefore, the second multifunctional nanoparticle employing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugated with Doxorubicin was formulated. AgNP serve as a near-infrared activatable agent itself, other than serving as a drug delivery vehicle. Thus, these nanoparticles only require the need to control the release of DOX alone. We further studied their mechanism of action, which included enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduction of intracellular thiol levels.
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Gubbins, James. "Engineering theranostic liposomes for image guided drug delivery as a novel nanomedicine for cancer therapy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/engineering-theranostic-liposomes-forimage-guided-drug-delivery-as-a-novelnanomedicine-for-cancer-therapy(ce8381bb-84ee-4b9a-a96c-d09b21956c73).html.
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Cancer mortality is progression-dependent thus its treatment relies on effective therapy and monitoring of responses. Nanoparticles have long been used to improve the therapeutic index of drugs by facilitating their transit to the target site at higher concentrations than free drugs, whilst protecting healthy tissues from an often potent and cytotoxic payload. Through the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect, injected, PEGylated nanoparticles preferentially accumulate in tumour tissue deeming them eminently suitable for cancer intervention for delivery of both therapeutic and contrast agents The development of theranostic liposomal systems comprising both imaging and therapeutic capabilities exploits the facets of liposomes, and forms an elegant strategy to address major problems which hinder effective cancer therapy. Liposomes can be tailored to be thermosensitive in a low hyperthermic range of ~42°C, above physiological temperature but below that which can induce tissue damage. This allows the use of heating as an external triggering modality to induce targeted drug release. Throughout the course of this work, the photoacoustic contrast agent ICG was successfully incorporated into PEGylated doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes, marrying two FDA approved entities. The project commenced with the development of the basic liposomal-DOX. Differing lipid compositions of varying fluidities were tested against those which have been previously established. These compositions carried a range of phase transition temperatures, above which the liposomes release the encapsulated DOX. This study concluded with the generation of a library of liposomes with differing release kinetics at 42°C in simulated physiological conditions. The second section of the project investigated the methodology behind the incorporation of ICG into the liposomal bilayers. The lipid composition used for the study was based on the DOXIL® formulation, due to its robust structure and establishment in the field of cancer therapy. The protocols used varied on the basis of chronology in regards to the liposome preparation protocol. The film insertion method incorporated the ICG in initial lipid film generation. The freeze fracture protocol introduced the ICG during lipid film hydration. The post insertion protocol introduced ICG in the final stages of DOX loading. The downsizing protocol was also varied between extrusion and sonication. Through varying of the protocols and downsizing methodology, it was possible to incorporate differing ICG concentrations and attain differing levels of structural stability. The most successful liposome was then tested for its imaging potential in vivo through a photoacoustic imaging modality namely multispectral optoacoustic tomography. This validated accumulation of the liposomes at the tumour site along with co-localisation of both drug and dye. The project culminated in the combination of the two studies, producing a thermosensitive theranostic ICG labelled liposomal doxorubicin system. The system showed improved blood stability than the current clinical systems, and demonstrated imaging potential through IVIS based fluorescence imaging. Through exploitation of the photothermal effects of ICG within a thermosensitive lipid vesicle, it was also possible to induce drug release through irradiation with a non-thermal near-infrared laser. This shows promise for future therapy, allowing simultaneous imaging, optimum release induction and monitoring response to therapy, in a cheap, effective and time-efficient manner.
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Dostálová, Simona. "Nanotransportéry pro teranostické aplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220835.
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Master thesis deals with the use of bacteriophage as a theranostic drug nanocarrier. The term theranostics is used in recent years for systems that allow connecting of diagnostics, targeted drug delivery and monitoring of patient’s response to administered treatment in a single modality. These systems are very suitable especially with heterogeneous diseases, such as cancer. Nowadays, the treatment of cancer has often severe side effects to the patient’s body, which lowers his capability to fight the disease. Theoretical part of this work is focused on the properties of viral capsids, proteins and inorganic materials as drug nanocarriers. In practical part of this work, different methods for cultivation of bacteriophage are compared, both in liquid and solid medium and with different concentrations of the maltose, trough whose receptors bacteriophage is able to enter the host cell. Optimal was cultivation with 0.2% maltose in solid medium. Practical part is focused mainly on the use of bacteriophage as a nanocarrier for cytotoxic drug doxorubicin. Bacteriophage was able to encapsulate all applied concentrations of doxorubicin (0; 12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 g/ml), which was proved using fluorescent detection. Different times of encapsulation (2; 4; 8 and 12 hours) were studied. Optimal time was 2 hours. Encapsulation properties of bacteriophage were compared to apoferritin. Bacteriophage was able to encapsulate 4× higher concentrations of doxorubicin and its release during rinsing with water was 10× lower compared to apoferritin. This work concludes that bacteriophage is a very suitable platform for targeted drug delivery in theranostics.
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Amirthalingam, Ezhil. "Multi-functionalization of micro- and nanoparticles for cancer theranostics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663440.
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This thesis has its main focus on developing multi-functional nanomaterials, that we called nano- and microtools through two different approaches, top-down to provide support and bottom up to give functionality to prepare nanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy in cancer cells (theranostics). It includes functionalization of inorganic and or metallic nano- and microparticles with natural and synthetic receptors capable of acting as sensors to monitor different cellular parameters in living cells and deliverers specifically for diagnosis and therapy in cancer cells (theranostics). For this purpose, we used micro- and nanoparticles as substrates, made up of polysilicon or polysilicon-gold and gold nanoparticles, and functionalized them with (bio)molecules. The first objective was to develop a novel microtool for cell adhesion. For this purpose specially designed polysilicon microparticles of different shapes and sizes were chemically modified, to sense carbohydrates present on tumour cell membranes. An optimized protocol for bio-functionalization of polysilicon microparticles with lectins (WGA and Con A), both on surfaces and in suspension, was developed. Influence of different shapes in bio-functionalization of the microparticles was also observed. The final yield of the number of bio-functionalized microparticles was between 12-21 % with a major loss of approximately 50 % of microparticles during the activation step. These bio-functionalized microparticles in suspension were stable for three consecutive weeks, stored in PBS at room temperature. In vitro experiments were carried out which showed, Con A bio-functionalized Batch 2 microparticles adhered to the membrane of the Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty) whereas, WGA bio-functionalized microparticles did not adhere to the cell membrane of Dicty or HeLa cells.
Therefore, a synthetic lectin called Boronic Acids (BAs) was used and an optimized protocol for functionalization of polysilicon microparticles with 4-formylphenylboronic acid (PBA), through stable secondary amine bonds was developed. Interaction of BA functionalized surfaces with carbohydrate, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was also studied on surfaces using ARS, which indicates stronger interaction between BA and GlcNAc. Polysilicon microparticles of different sizes functionalized using BA showed adhesion to the cell membranes of Dicty and HeLa cells.
In the second objective, the primary goal is to sense intracellular pH in living cells using bi-functional microparticles (polysilicon-gold), in order to differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells. The immobilization of pH dependent fluorophores, Oregon green, pHrodo, SNARF and Alexa fluor on to polysilicon surfaces was achieved successfully. An optimized protocol for the bi-functionalization of two pH dependent fluorophores, Oregon green (on polysilicon) and pHrodo (on gold) on to a hexahedral bi-functional microparticle was achieved for pH sensing.
The third objective was the generation and sensing of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a bio-photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. The selected bio-photosensitizer, Cytochrome c (Cyt c) showed generation of ROS in solution. BODIPY was able to sense the production of ROS from the Cyt c in solution. An optimized protocol for immobilizing Cyt c on to the polysilicon surfaces and BODIPY on gold surfaces and microparticles was achieved. Protocol for bi-functionalization of ROS generator: Cyt c and ROS sensor: BODIPY on bi-functional microparticles was also developed for ROS sensing.
The fourth objective is to deliver anionic drugs using gold nanoparticles synthesized using imidazolium based macrocycles. The ability of these gold nanoparticles to extract and incorporate ibuprofenate from an aqueous phase was calculated to be ca 85 %. The release of ibuprofenate from the gold nanoparticles system follows Fickian diffusion, which could be potentially used for local drug delivery applications.
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Epaule, Céline. "Nouvelle approche d'imagerie pour l’étude de la biodistribution de nanomédicaments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS435.
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La distribution in vivo des médicaments est étudiée par des techniques quantitatives faiblement ou non résolues spatialement. Avec l'apparition des thérapies personnalisées, des études plus approfondies sont nécessaires pour connaître précisément le comportement des molécules vectorisées sous la forme de nanoparticules (NPs). Dans le cadre du programme européen Ternanomed, ce projet de recherche a pour objectif d’évaluer la capacité de deux techniques d’imagerie appliquées à l’étude de la distribution de nanomédicaments à base de squalène et de Cis platine (Cis-Pt). Ces deux techniques ont été sélectionnées pour leur apport d’informations complémentaires à l’échelle des organes et des tissus : i) l’imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) pour suivre in vivo la biodistribution de NPs modèles à base de Cis-Pt et BiSqualène (BiSQ), marquées par des agents de contraste type oxyde de fer (USPIO), ii) l’imagerie de microfluorescence X, couplée au rayonnement synchrotron (SR-μXRF), qui ne nécessite pas de marquage préalable des nanomédicaments, pour le suivi tissulaire du Cis-Pt.Concernant l’approche par IRM, nous avons encapsulé avec succès nos USPIO synthétisées au sein des NPs de Cis-Pt BiSQ (210nm, polydispersité 0,1), tout en leur conférant un pouvoir contrastant à 7 tesla (r2=404 ms.mol-1 et r1=3 ms.mol-1). Ces NPs nouvellement préparées sont également traçables chez notre modèle murin Nudes. Les résultats de biodistribution montrent une arrivée rapide du contraste dans les organes épurateurs : le foie et la rate (5 minutes après l’injection). Au final, l’analyse par IRM a permis d’obtenir les données de biodistribution en temps réel des NPs à base de Cis Pt BiSQ, grâce au suivi du contraste apporté par les USPIO encapsulés. Concernant l’imagerie par SR-μXRF, nous avons démontré que cette technique est suffisamment sensible pour détecter et cartographier le Cis-Pt, vectorisé par nos NPs modèles. La distribution du Cis Pt a été quantifiée localement à partir d’une référence interne de concentration connue, le Zinc, à partir de notre méthode validée par le dosage globale du Platine par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique. Lorsque notre référence tissulaire n’est pas distribuée de façon homogène, une méthode semi-quantitative a été mise au point pour comparer la distribution à 2h, 8h et 24h, tel qu’au niveau des coupes de tumeurs PANC-1.Au final, ces travaux ont permis de démontrer, que la SR-μXRF et l’IRM sont des approches de choix pour l’étude pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de nanomédicaments tels que les NPs à base de Cis-Pt. La technique de microfluorescence X contribue au caractère original et pionnier de ce travail de recherche, apportant des nouveaux résultats de détection et quantification important dans le domaine des nanomédecinesNowadays, the in vivo distribution of drugs is studied by non-spatial or partially spatial quantitative techniques. With the development of personalized therapies, many studies are required to know the in vivo behaviour of these innovative treatments, which target drugs, such as nanoparticles (NPs). Into the European funded program Ternanomed, the aim of this multidisciplinary research project was to evaluate two complementary imaging methods to study the distribution of squalene and Cis platinum (Cis Pt) NPs. The 2 imaging methods were selected to provide complementary data at the scale of organs and tissues: i) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the in vivo biodistribution of NPs models based on Cis-Pt and BiSqualene (BiSQ), labelled with "UltraSmall Iron Oxide Particle" (USPIO) contrast agents, ii) X-ray microfluorescence imaging, coupled with synchrotron radiation (SR-μXRF) without any labelling of these nanomedicines, by following the Cis-Pt drug distribution into tissues.Regarding the MRI approach, we first successfully prepared Cis-Pt BiSQ NPs loading with USPIO (210nm, polydispersity 0,1). These NPs were given a contrast at 7 Tesla (r2 = 404 ms.mol-1 and r1 = 3 ms.mol-1). These newly prepared and characterized NPs were also trackable into our Nude murine model. The results show a rapid arrival of contrast in the liver and spleen scavengers (5 minutes after injection). Ultimately, MRI analysis yielded real-time biodistribution data for Cis-Pt BiSQ-based NPs by monitoring the contrast provided by encapsulated USPIO. Regarding the SR-μXRF imaging analysis, we demonstrated that this technique is very sensitive to detect and map the Cis-Pt distribution, the drug vectorized by our squalene NPs models. Additionally, a local quantitative analysis is feasible when a microelement present in the tissue is used as a reference, in our study the Zinc element. The distribution of Cis-Pt was quantified in the hepatic, renal and fat tissues, after 2h and 24h, with our method validated by the global Platinum microanalyse using atomic absorption spectrometry. When the tissue reference appears not homogenously distributed, a semi-quantitative analysis method is possible to compare the distribution such as into PANC-1 tumour sections.Finally, these two complementary approaches illustrate the use of SR-μXRF and lay the optimized bases of MRI to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two new types of Cis-Pt/squalene NPs. The SR-μXRF technique, newly used in pharmaceutical field, had an effective contribution to these original and pioneering research studies with an original way of in vivo assessment of the distribution of drug embedded into nanomedicine system. The issue of detecting correct and measurable distribution of the drugs is extremely important, timely and relevant to improve current knowledge in the state of the art. This research study brings new data which can produce significant impact to the overall area of nanomedicine
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Conde, João Diogo Osório de Castro. "Cancer theranostics: multifunctional gold nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapy." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10927.
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Doctorate in Biology, Specialty in BiotechnologyThe use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been gaining momentum in molecular diagnostics due to their unique physico-chemical properties these systems present huge advantages, such as increased sensitivity, reduced cost and potential for single-molecule characterisation. Because of their versatility and easy of functionalisation, multifunctional AuNPs have also been proposed as optimal delivery systems for therapy (nanovectors). Being able to produce such systems would mean the dawn of a new age in theranostics (diagnostics and therapy)driven by nanotechnology vehicles. Nanotechnology can be exploit for cancer theranostics via the development of diagnostics systems such as colorimetric and imunoassays, and in therapy approaches through gene therapy, drug delivery and tumour targeting systems. The unique characteristics of nanoparticles in the nanometre range, such as high surface-tovolume ratio or shape/size-dependent optical properties, are drastically different from those of their bulk materials and hold pledge in the clinical field for disease therapeutics This PhD project intends to optimise a gold-nanoparticle based technique for the detection of oncogenes’ transcripts (c-Myc and BCR-ABL) that can be used for the evaluation of the expression profile in cancer cells, while simultaneously developing an innovative platform of multifunctional gold nanoparticles (tumour markers, cell penetrating peptides, fluorescent dyes) loaded with siRNA capable of silencing the selected proto-oncogenes, which can be used to evaluate the level of expression and determine the efficiency of silencing. This work is a part of an ongoing collaboration between Research Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal and Biofunctional Nanoparticles and Surfaces Group, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Spain within a European project [NanoScieE+ - NANOTRUCK]. In order to achieve this goal we developed effective conjugation strategies to combine, in a highly controlled way, biomolecules to the surface of AuNPs with specific functions such as: ssDNA oligos to detect specific sequences and for mRNA quantification; Biofunctional spacers: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacers used to increase solubility and biocompatibility and confer chemical functionality; Cell penetrating peptides: to overcome the lipophilic barrier of the cellular membranes and deliver molecules into cells using TAT peptide to achieve cytoplasm and nucleus; Quaternary ammonium: to introduce stable positively charged in gold nanoparticles surface; and RNA interference: siRNA complementary to a master regulator gene, the proto-oncogene c-Myc, that is implicated in cell growth, proliferation, loss of differentiation, and cell death. In order to establish that they are viable alternatives to the available methods, these innovative nanoparticles were extensively characterized on their chemical functionalization, ease of uptake, cellular toxicity and inflammation, and knockdown of MYC protein expression in several cancer cell lines and in in vivo models.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - (SFRH/BD/62957/2009); PTDC/BIO/66514/2006; NANOLIGHT-PTDC/QUI-QUI/112597/2009; Silencing the silencers via multifunctional gold nanoconjugates towards cancer therapy - PTDC/BBB-NAN/1812/2012
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Li, Siyue, and 李思越. "Novel theranostics based on hybrid nanoparticles for early cancer detection and treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207163.
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Nanoscience and nanotechnology have advanced rapidly in recent years and have made a profound impact in the medical field. Nanoparticles have attracted great attention for their potential as diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools in oncology owing to their unique properties. Theranostics are nanodevices with diagnostic, therapeutic and possibly treatment-monitoring functions for treating cancers. Different noble metal nanoparticles can provide the basic unit for theranostics. Suitably designed and developed noble metal nanoparticle-based theranostics will have multiple functions. In this project, the design, fabrication and performance of novel multifunctional nanodevices for cancer detection and treatment were investigated.
The foundation of this project was laid by investigating different types of hybrid nanoparticles for novel theranostics. Different approaches were developed for fabricating core-shell structured hybrid nanoparticles. Highly branched gold and gold-silver bimetallic nanoparticles were firstly made. pH-sensitive folic acid-chitosan (CS-FA) conjugate was then introduced on these nanoparticles to form hybrid nanoparticles with a metal core (Au@CS-FA and Au-Ag@CS-FA). Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) micro- or nanoparticles were also produced to serve as the polymer core for forming hybrid particles with a gold or gold-silver nanoshell (PLGA@Au, CS@Au and PLGA@Ag-Au). Furthermore, Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles having both magnetic and plasmonic properties were investigated. Thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) polymer or pH-sensitive CS-FA was then coated on Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles, forming new hybrid nanoparticles. The formation mechanisms of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles were studied.
Raman reporters (Rhodamine B or 4-mercaptobenzoic acid) and anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil) were loaded into the polymer core or shell of hybrid nanoparticles to form multifunctional nanodevices. While the noble metal unit in the nanodevices provided high light-scattering enhancement for achieving photothermal effect, the polymer component encapsulated Raman reporter molecules and put them close to the metal nanoparticles for generating high surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. These nanodevices could also serve as excellent drug carriers, and the stimulus-triggered release of incorporated drug was studied.
It was shown in this project that the conjugation of targeting ligand (e.g. folic acid) or antibody (e.g. anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) on hybrid nanoparticles had formed novel theranostics which allowed selective detection, continuous imaging of intracellular behavior and killing of targeted cancer cells. These theranostics could be taken up by specific cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and internalized into cytoplasma of the cell. These theranostics as stable SERS-active tags and imaging agents for HeLa cells, SK-BR-3 cancer cells or MCF-7 cancer cells were demonstrated. The targeting ability and intracellular uptake of these theranostics were studied. The photothermal effect of the theranostics was investigated using different laser irradiation powers. The anti-cancer treatment could be significantly improved by the synergistic effects of chemo- and photothermal therapy when these theranostics were also tasked as the carrier of anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, combining plasmonic metal nanoparticles with targeting ligand or antibody, magnetic nanoparticles, polymer shell or core, and anti-cancer drug has created advanced theranostics for the early detection and effective treatment of cancers. These novel theranostics have greatly improved capability for cancer detection and can provide multifunctions for cancer cell targeting, sensing/imaging and combined therapy.published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Reichel, Derek Alexander. "HALO- AND SOLVATO-FLUOROCHROMIC POLYMER NANOASSEMBLIES FOR CANCER THERANOSTICS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/74.
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Theranostics is an emerging treatment approach that combines diagnostics with therapy in order to personalize treatment regimens for individual patients and decrease cancer mortality. Previously, nanoparticles entrapping conventional fluorescent dyes were developed for cancer theranostics, but fluorescent nanoparticles did not allow clinicians to significantly improve cancer treatments.
The use of fluorescent dyes that are sensitive to solvent acidity (halo-fluorochromism) and polarity (solvato-fluorochromism) may overcome the limitations of fluorescent nanoparticles and improve cancer therapy by enabling researchers to detect chemical properties within the nanoparticle core environment. The model halo- and solvato-fluorochromic dye Nile blue was attached to the core of nanoscale drug delivery systems called polymer nanoassemblies (PNAs), which were created by tethering hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic groups to a cationic polymer scaffold. The fluorescence of empty PNAs increased by 100% at pH 5.0 compared to pH 7.4, and the fluorescence of drug-loaded PNAs increased up to 300% compared to empty PNAs. A comparison of the fluorochromic properties between PNAs with various core properties indicated that both hydrophobic pendant groups and scaffold amines contributed to the fluorochromism of PNAs.
The halo-fluorochromism of PNAs allowed investigators to minimize the detection of fluorescence signals in healthy organs such as the liver. Fluorescence imaging of halo-fluorochromic PNAs diffused into tissue mimics indicated that fluorescence of PNAs in tissues increased by 100% at pH 7.0 compared to pH 7.4. In addition, halo-fluorochromic PNAs identified the acidic perimeter surrounding metastatic tumors in orthotopic metastatic tumor models. Computational simulations of metastatic lesions verified that some halo-fluorochromic PNAs accumulate in the hypoxic/acidic regions of metastatic tumors following intravenous administration. These simulations also indicated that the accumulation of PNAs in the hypoxic regions of tumors doubles at 12 hours post-treatment compared to 1.8 hours post-treatment.
The solvato-fluorochromism of PNAs enabled the fluorescence-based measurement of drug release from the nanoassembly core during dialysis-based drug release measurements. Solvato-fluorochromic methods indicated faster drug release rates than HPLC-based methods. Mechanistic modeling of drug release indicated that solvato-fluorochromic methods were unaffected by released drugs that interfered with HPLC-based methods. However, mechanistic modeling also indicated that drug rebinding and diffusion did not account for all of the differences between drug release rates determined by solvato-fluorochromic- and HPLC-based methods. Based on this evidence, it was hypothesized that solvato-fluorochromic drug release methods measure drug diffusion from near the scaffold of PNAs in a small region of the nanoassembly core, and that this process contributes to overall drug release but does not indicate apparent drug release rates for PNAs.
In order to develop PNAs for potential clinical applications, ionizable amines were removed from the polymer scaffold to increase drug loading and sustain the release of model drugs carfilzomib and docetaxel. The removal of primary amines decreased drug diffusivity in the core of PNAs (D from 3.9*10-18 cm2/s to 0.1*10-19 cm2/s) and increased the drug release half-life (t1/2 from 4 to 26 hours). The controlled release of carfilzomib from PNAs reduced drug metabolism by 60% for up to one hour and sustained proteasome inhibition in cancer cells at 72 h post-treatment compared to free drug.
Overall, this work provides insight into the design of theranostic nanoparticles with beneficial properties for improving cancer treatment.
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Epley, Charity Cherie. "Developing Photo-responsive Metal-Organic Frameworks towards Controlled Drug Delivery." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78346.
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The development of therapeutic drugs or drug systems that enhance a cancer patient's quality of life during treatment is a primary goal for many researchers across a wide range of disciplines. Many investigators turn to nanoparticles (~50-200 nm in size) that tend to accumulate in tumor tissues in order to deliver active drug compounds to specific sites in the body. This targeted delivery approach would reduce the total body effects of current cancer drugs that result in unwanted (sometimes painful and even fatal) side effects. One of the main obstacles however, is ensuring that drugs incorporated into the nanoparticles are anchored such that premature drug release is prohibited. Also, while it is important to ensure strong drug-nanocarrier interactions, the nanocarrier must be able to release the drug when it has reached its biological target. We have developed a nanocarrier that provides a platform for drug systems that could achieve this drug release via the use of a light "trigger".
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new class of often highly porous materials that act as "sponges" for the absorption of various small molecules. MOFs are so named because they consist of metal clusters that are linked by organic compounds to form networked solids that are easily tuned based on the choice of metal and organic "linker". We have developed a MOF nanocarrier incorporating benign zirconium (IV) metal clusters bridged by an organic component that changes shape when illuminated with a light source. The resulting material is therefore not stable upon irradiation due to the organic linker shape change that disturbs the MOF structure and causes it to degrade. When loaded with drugs, this photo-enhanced degradation results in the release of the cargo thereby, providing a handle on controlling drug release with the use of a light trigger. We have demonstrated that in the presence of the MOF nanocarrier incorporating 5-fluorouracil (a clinically available cancer drug), very low toxicity to human breast cancer cells is observed in the dark, however, cell death occurs in the presence of a light source. These reports offer a model MOF nanocarrier system that could be used to incorporate various drugs and therefore tune the system to an individual patient's needs.
Furthermore, we also developed a material that is capable of providing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast by changing the metal to manganese (II). MRI contrast agents are compounds that serve to either darken or brighten an MRI image based on the agent used and therefore they aid in clinical diagnosis by making internal abnormalities easier to spot. Currently gadolinium (III) complexes are the most widely used contrast agents; however, the toxicity of gadolinium (III) has been shown to be responsible for the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in some patients. This manganese material has also shown useful for the attachment of fluorescent dyes that can aid in the benchtop optical diagnosis of biopsies. These reports provide a basis for developing ways to offer controlled drug delivery in cancer patients and to aid in cancer diagnosis using MOF materials, in an effort to reach the goals of comfortable cancer treatment.Ph. D.
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Julfakyan, Khachatur. "Hybrid Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Nanomedical Treatment." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/582476.
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Cancer is a leading case of mortality worldwide. Governments spent multibillion expenses on treatment and palliative care of diseased people. Despite these generous funding and intensive research with aim to find a cure or efficient treatment for cancer, until now there is a lack in selective cancer management strategies. Conventional treatment strategies for cancer, such as surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy don’t have selectivity toward cancer – the property of discrimination of healthy organs and tissues from the diseased site. Chemotherapy is very challenging as the difference between effective and lethal doses is very minuscule in most cases. Moreover, devastating side effects dramatically changes the quality of life for cancer patients. To address these issues two main strategies are intensively utilized in chemistry: (I) the design and synthesis of novel anticancer organic compounds with higher selectivity and low toxicity profiles and the second, design and preparation of biocompatible nanocarriers for imaging and anticancer compound selective delivery nanomedicine. The following dissertation combines the above two strategies as bellows: First project is related to the design and synthetic route development toward novel nature-inspired group of heterocyclic compounds – iso-Phidianidines. The second project focused on design, preparation and evaluation of hybrid theranostics (therapeutic and diagnostic in a single entity).
Chapter 1 is a general background review of the major topics that will be discussed in this dissertation.
The first efficient and high-yielding synthetic route toward iso-phidianidines, containing regioisomeric form of 1,2,4-oxadiazole linked to the indole via methylene bridge is reported in Chapter 2. In vitro test of the synthesized library of iso-phidianidines revealed micromolar range of cytotoxicity toward human cervical cancer cell line. Structure activity relationship revealed the importance of presence of monosubsituted amine in 3 position of oxadiazole to maintain activity. Moreover, gradual increase of activity was detected in increasing of the length of the diamine. Polyamine (spermidine) side chain demonstrated strongest anticancer activity, identified as lead compound and may be studied further as a good candidate for cervical cancer treatment. Finally, the remaining high activity of amino-terminated iso-phidianidines demonstrated that presence of guanidine group in termini is not necessary for high cytotoxicity.
The second part of this dissertation (Chapter 3) discusses the rational design, wet protocol synthesis and complete characterization of the novel hybrid material – polydopamine coated iron-cobalt nanocubes (PDFCs). This material was loaded with anticancer model drug doxorubicin in one step procedure (PDFC-DOX) and the resulting drug-delivery vehicle was found to be successfully internalized by cervical cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test demonstrated inhibition of 50% of the cells at the concentration of 30μg/ml for PDFC-DOX. Moreover, the release was highly attenuated and pH-sensitive in acidic range. PDFC was also modified with fluorescein leading to green fluorescent nanoparticles PDFC-FITC, which demonstrated excellent intracellular molecular imaging property. PDFCs with one of the highest magnetic saturation among the materials used in biomedicine (226 emu/g based on core) showed the absence of any cytotoxicity in vitro and excellent MRI contrasting property (r2=186.44 mMs-1, higher than commercial contrast agents Ferridex® and Clio®), both in vitro and in vivo on mice. They were cleared out from the mice bodies in month without affecting their health. Due to the high density of core (8.3 g/cm3) they demonstrated ability to be contrast materials also for X-Ray CT diagnostic modality, increasing the tumor detection and visualization probability in combination with MRI. In addition to it’s diagnostic and drug-delivery modalities, PDFC was evaluated also for microwave-induced cytotoxicity as a novel concept in cancer treatment. As low as 10 μg/ml concentration of PDFCs in human cervical cancer cells caused extensive death above 73% upon exposure to 2,45 GHz of microwaves for one minute. Laser irradiation (808 nm, 15 minutes) of cancer cells with internalized PDFCs caused cell death above 60%. The specific absorption rate of PDFCs at 470 MHz frequency and 20 mT of the alternating magnetic field power was 180 W/g, which is nearly 100 W higher than for commercial nanoparticles (Ferridex®).
Books on the topic "Theranostic nanomedicine"
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Tiwari, Ashutosh, Hirak K. Patra, and Jeong-Woo Choi. Advanced theranostics materials. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.-Scrivener, 2015.
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Ciofani, Gianni, Attilio Marino, and Christos Tapeinos, eds. Advanced Theranostic Nanomedicine in Oncology. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-621-1.
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Dai, Zhifei. Advances in Nanotheranostics II: Cancer Theranostic Nanomedicine. Ingramcontent, 2016.
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Dai, Zhifei. Advances in Nanotheranostics II: Cancer Theranostic Nanomedicine. Springer, 2018.
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Dai, Zhifei. Advances in Nanotheranostics II: Cancer Theranostic Nanomedicine. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
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Tiwari, Ashutosh, Hirak K. Patra, and Jeong-Woo Choi. Advanced Theranostic Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Tiwari, Ashutosh, Hirak K. Patra, and Jeong-Woo Choi. Advanced Theranostic Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Tiwari, Ashutosh, Hirak K. Patra, and Jeong-Woo Choi. Advanced Theranostic Materials. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.
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Tiwari, Ashutosh, Hirak K. Patra, and Jeong-Woo Choi. Advanced Theranostic Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Das, Malay K. Multifunctional Theranostic Nanomedicines in Cancer. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2021.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Theranostic nanomedicine"
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Deb, Suryyani, and Hirak Kumar Patra. "Cardiovascular Nanomedicine." In Advanced Theranostic Materials, 159–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998922.ch6.
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Ke, Hengte, and Huabing Chen. "Multimodal Micelles for Theranostic Nanomedicine." In Advances in Nanotheranostics II, 355–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0063-8_10.
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Walter, Aurélie, Audrey Parat, Delphine Felder-Flesch, and Sylvie Begin-Colin. "Chapter 5 Theranostic Potential of Dendronized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." In Dendrimers in Nanomedicine, 201–28. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3, 8 Temasek Boulevard, Singapore 038988: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364513-6.
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Jotterand, Fabrice, and Archie A. Alexander. "Managing the “Known Unknowns”: Theranostic Cancer Nanomedicine and Informed Consent." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 413–29. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_26.
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Messina, Paula V., Luciano A. Benedini, and Damián Placente. "Diagnostic Test with Targeted Therapy for Cancer: The Theranostic Nanomedicine." In Tomorrow’s Healthcare by Nano-sized Approaches, 230–52. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429400360-9.
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Xue, Xue, and Xing-Jie Liang. "Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Theranostics and Imaging." In Nanomedicine, 101–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2140-5_6.
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Herceg, Viktorija, Norbert Lange, and Eric Allémann. "Theranostics: In Vivo." In Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines, 551–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41421-8_17.
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Janjic, Jelena M., and Mingfeng Bai. "Design and Development of Theranostic Nanomedicines." In Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics, 429–65. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118873151.ch15.
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Rana, Abhilash, and Seema Bhatnagar. "Bioinspired Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics." In Nanomedicine for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, 67–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7564-8_3.
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Zhu, Guizhi, Liping Qiu, Hongmin Meng, Lei Mei, and Weihong Tan. "Aptamers-Guided DNA Nanomedicine for Cancer Theranostics." In Aptamers Selected by Cell-SELEX for Theranostics, 111–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46226-3_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Theranostic nanomedicine"
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Sandri, Monica, Michele Iafisco, Silvia Panseri, Elisa Savini, and Anna Tampieri. "Fully Biodegradable Magnetic Micro-Nanoparticles: A New Platform for Tissue Regeneration and Theranostic." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93223.
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Nowadays, magnetic materials are receiving special attention due to their potential applications in different fields and in particular in medicine. Magnetic micro-nano-particles have been progressively employed as support materials for enzyme immobilization, and have been used as drug-delivery vehicles, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging as well as heat mediators for hyperthermia-based anti-cancer treatments and many other exciting biomedical applications. Magnetic materials have also attracted a big interest in the field of bone tissue regeneration because it has been demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles have effect of osteoinduction even without external magnetic force. Therefore, one of the most big challenge in this field is the production of magnetic materials with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In fact, the long-term effects in the human body of iron oxide (maghemite or magnetite), the most popular magnetic phase used in medicine and biotechnology, are not yet completely assessed. To this aim, in this work we developed an innovative biocompatible and bioresorbable superparamagnetic-like phase by doping nano-hydroxyapatite with Fe2+/Fe3+ ions (FeHA). Moreover the same magnetic nanoparticles were used as nano-particulate emulsifier for the preparation of hollow hybrid Fe-HA-poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) micro-nano-spheres. PLLA has been used because poly(α-hydroxy-esters) are the most frequently used synthetic polymers for biomedical applications owing to their biocompatibility, hydrolytic degradation process and proper mechanical properties. These micro-nanospheres could be used as new type of scaffold for hard tissue regeneration. In fact, spherical scaffold display several advantages respect to the monolithic counterpart e.g., (i) improving control over sustained delivery of therapeutic agents, signalling biomolecules and even pluripotent stem cells, (ii) serving as stimulus-sensitive delivery vehicles for triggered release, (iii) introducing porosity and/or improve the mechanical properties of bulk scaffolds by acting as porogen or reinforcement phase, (iv) supplying compartmentalized micro-reactors for dedicated biochemical processes, (v) functioning as cell delivery vehicle, and, finally, (vi) giving possibility of preparing injectable and/or mouldable formulations to be applied by using minimally invasive surgery. Moreover, the same magnetic materials could find applications in nanomedicine as a multifunctional carrier. Their magnetic functionality could be utilized to move them into the body towards target organs by an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the superparamagnetic feature of the nanoparticles could allow to tailor the release of the therapeutic agent by switching (on-off) the external magnetic field and/or to treat cancer cells by hyperthermia.